What is chronic colitis? Symptoms and treatment of the disease. Chronic colitis

Those who are familiar with such a disease as colitis are also aware of the possibility of its transition to chronic form. What are its features? What should be done to prevent this from happening? What are the treatments for this form of colitis?

Chronic colitis: features

In medicine, colitis is the name given to inflammation in the colon. They are exposed to the mucous membrane of this internal organ. Chronic fora colitis is characterized by the presence of dystrophic and strophic changes in the mucosa, and this leads to impaired motor and secretory functions.

But chronic colitis can also develop in different ways (its symptoms of manifestation in the patient also depend on this):

infectious (as a result of a previous illness associated with infections, for example, dysentery, salmonellosis);
pseudomembranous (develops from the standard form in cases of excessive use of antibiotics);
ischemic (against the background of circulatory disorders);
radiation (it is also called radiation, or post-radiation, because it occurs after appropriate therapy for malignant tumors);
medicinal (this type of colitis most often develops in patients who self-medicate using incorrect medicines);
eosinophilic (caused by a peculiar allergic manifestation to certain foods);
lymphocytic (the mucous membrane of the large intestine is subject to mononuclear inflammatory infiltration of its own plate);
collagenous (inflammatory processes in this case are caused by intensive development collagen);
ulcerative (characterized by such a complication as the formation of ulcers on the mucous membrane affected by the disease);
unilateral (depending on the localization of pain, it can be right-sided or left-sided);
total (has a common character and covers the entire mucous membrane of the colon).

Such a variety of types of chronic colitis is associated with pathological processes that occur in the colon. Each named species this disease- their causes and, accordingly, symptoms.

Chronic colitis: symptoms

Specialists distinguish such symptoms of the manifestation of chronic colitis, which are common to each of its types.

Pain sensations are dull and aching pains in various parts of the abdomen (depending on the location of the inflammatory process) or diffuse, without clear localization limits, very similar to contractions. Such pain syndrome may worsen after:
- eating;
- intense physical activity;
- cleansing enemas, gas discharge;
- bowel movements;
- applying a warm heating pad;
- taking antispasmodic drugs.
Disorder of the functional activity of the entire intestine, which is manifested by alternating constipation and diarrhea.
Feeling of bitterness in the mouth.
Nausea turning into vomiting.
Flatulence or bloating, accompanied by a loud rumbling in the intestines. These symptoms are most often associated with dysbacteriosis and clear signs digestive disorders.
Frequent bowel movements often reach six times a day (besides, feces can be mixed with mucus or bloody streaks).
Constant urge to defecate due to a persistent feeling of incomplete emptying of the bowels.
In the case of palpation, there are symptoms of a "splash" at the site of inflammation (along the colon), its palpable soreness.
Wavelike course of the inflammatory process (deterioration of the condition is periodically replaced by remission).

In addition, most gastroenterologists classify diseases such as proctitis and proctosigmoiditis as chronic colitis. This is based on the fact that their symptoms are very similar to each other. But there are also some differences:

proctitis is an inflammatory process in the rectum;
proctosigmoiditis also covers the region of the mucous membrane of the sigmoid colon.

These diseases are characterized by the following symptoms:

Pain in the left iliac region, in the area anus.
Painful urge to stool.
Flatulence.
Small stools (such as "sheep's feces"), with mucus, bloody or purulent discharge.
With diarrhea, rumbling and spastic contractions of the intestine are noted.

Therefore, to establish an accurate diagnosis of "chronic colitis" will require careful medical examination to exclude false or similar symptoms with other diseases.

Chronic colitis and methods of its diagnosis

If you have found the above symptoms and suspect chronic colitis, do not hesitate and consult a qualified doctor for advice. In this case, a gastroenterologist will help you.

Mandatory diagnostic measures:

collecting an anamnesis of the course of this disease;
initial examination of the patient;
coprological examination, including laboratory analysis stool;
biochemical and clinical blood tests;
irrigography - X-ray of the colon with a contrast agent, which is injected with an enema;
endoscopic examination of the large intestine, or colonoscopy;
endoscopic examination of the rectum, or sigmoidoscopy.

All of these diagnostic measures are necessary and help the gastroenterologist rule out other bowel diseases that have similar symptoms.

Chronic colitis and its treatment in various ways

After establishing an accurate diagnosis, the attending physician will prescribe treatment for the patient according to individual scheme. It depends on what form of symptoms this chronic colitis has.

Dietary nutrition includes a special mode of eating. To do this, those products that are poorly digested and have an irritating effect on the walls of the colon are excluded from the patient's diet. The following dietary principles are encouraged:
- fractional nutrition (6-7 times a day);
- mechanically gentle food (mashed mucous soups, homogenized mashed potatoes, steaming dishes);
- low content of protein and light fats plant origin(up to 100 g);
- increased amount of carbohydrates - up to 500 g.
Medications:
- antibacterial drugs - sulfonamides and antibiotics a wide range actions (Tetracycline, Biomycin);
- painkillers antispasmodics (Papaverine, Platifillin);
- vitamins (groups B, A, Ascorbic acid);
- astringent and enveloping preparations for diarrhea (Tanalbin, Tansal);
- anticholinergics (Belladonna, Metacin);
- preparations of digestive enzymes (Festal, Pancreatin).
Physiotherapy:
- intestinal irrigation;
- mud applications;
- diathermy.
Folk remedies include the use of medicinal herbs, as well as their fees, in the form of decoctions, tinctures, teas:
- flowers - chamomile, immortelle;
- roots - licorice, wild chicory, common dandelion, cinquefoil, snake mountaineer, calamus;
- grass - St. John's wort, celandine, oregano, yarrow, pepper and kidney knotweed, burnet, yasnotka;
- leaves - peppermint, senna, stinging nettle, plantain;
- bark - buckthorn, oak;
- fruits - wild rose, fennel, bird cherry;
- seeds - flax, alder (cones);
- berries - blueberries.

Colitis is an inflammatory lesion of the colon of infectious, toxic, autoimmune or other established etiology. The main signs of the disease are pain and impaired digestion, motility and secretion, most patients have dyspeptic symptoms. Symptoms and appropriate treatment of intestinal colitis in adults are determined by its cause and type.

Why this disease develops and what it is, we will consider in more detail in this article. We will also provide guidance on how to proper diet, which is one of the important stages of therapy.

What is colitis?

Intestinal colitis is an inflammation of the large intestine resulting from damage to the intestines. In most cases, its chronic form develops, as well as nonspecific ulcerative colitis of unclear etiology, while the intestinal mucosa becomes prone to ulceration.

The simplest bacteria enter the mucous membrane of the colon, damaging it. The onset of the inflammatory process leads to the appearance of symptoms. The wall of the large intestine swells and contracts incorrectly. At the same time, mucus secretion begins, adverse symptoms appear. Appears:

pulling or spasmodic pains,
stool disorder,
tenesmus
general weakness of the body.

The reasons

Before treating colitis, it is necessary to identify the cause of its occurrence, otherwise the treatment becomes in vain: if the cause remains, the disease will remain.

There are several factors that can lead to the appearance of a disease such as intestinal colitis:

intestinal infection;
disruption of the intestines due to the intake of drugs of certain groups (neuroleptics, lincomycin, laxatives);
intestinal ischemia;
malnutrition (excess flour, acute, alcohol abuse);
dysbacteriosis;
food allergy;
helminthic invasions;
heavy metal poisoning (arsenic, lead);
hereditary predisposition
Also, the reason may be the unjustified and too frequent use of enemas for treatment and cleansing, uncontrolled intake of laxatives.

Most often, the occurrence of colitis is influenced by several etiological factors at once, leading to inflammation in the large intestine, then we are talking about combined colitis.

Classification

The disease is usually classified according to several criteria. Depending on the current, there are:

Acute colitis - the symptoms of pathology appear sharply, strongly pronounced.
Chronic colitis of the intestine- the disease develops slowly, its signs are often blurred, it is difficult to differentiate them from other gastroenterological diseases. Causes are: infectious diseases (- shigella and salmonella), exposure toxic substances, medicines and etc.

There are the following types of colitis:

ulcerative colitis of the intestine

Atrophic colitis of the intestine

Atrophic colitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the large intestine, as a result of which the intestinal walls are depleted.

The scheme of its treatment directly depends on how colitis happens. For each type and form of flow, individual methods are used.

Symptoms of colitis in adults

Intestinal colitis in adults has a lot of symptoms that are very characteristic:

Discomfort and pain in the lower abdomen. Such manifestations accompany intestinal colitis in 90% of cases. Exacerbation of pain is noted after therapeutic procedures, eating, and exposure to mechanical factors (shaking in transport, running, walking, etc.).
Constipation or diarrhea, their alternation is sometimes noted;
Many patients also experience flatulence, heaviness in the abdomen, bloating.
Tenesmus is a false urge to defecate, associated pain. In this case, the chair may be absent.
Detection in the feces of liquid, mucus, streaks of blood, in severe cases - pus.
Weakness of the body associated with malabsorption various substances or activity of pathogenic microorganisms.

Symptoms of the disease exacerbate during exacerbations and practically disappear during the period of remission.

Painful sensations in colitis of the colon are aching or dull in nature. From time to time, the patient complains of bursting pains. In some patients, the pain may be dull, constant and "diffuse" throughout the abdomen. Then it intensifies, becomes cramping and is localized in the lower section. abdominal cavity: on the left or above the pubis. The attack may be accompanied by the appearance of a urge to defecate or gas discharge.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon can affect both separate parts of the large intestine, and spread to all its departments. The extent of damage can vary from mild inflammation, which causes minor painful spasms and seething in the abdomen, to pronounced ulcerative changes. Colitis can be complicated by inflammation of the small intestines or stomach.

Stage of colitis	Symptoms
Initial	On the initial stage disease symptoms are not so pronounced that a person does not notice the presence of a deviation. There may be: skin rashes, thirst, dry mouth violation of the regularity of defecation.
Medium	The average degree of colitis in adults is characterized by the following features: an increase in body temperature (maximum up to 38.1), cramping pain and general malaise. The urge to defecate occurs 4-6 times a day, mainly at night.
heavy	Leaks at high temperature(over 38.1) against the background of disorders of the cardiovascular system (tachycardia). Observed: skin pallor, irregular breathing, pains in the abdomen are strong, cramping.

Signs of an acute form of colitis

In the acute course of the disease in adults, the following symptoms are noted:

excessive pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes the pain can be located in the epigastric zone;
flatulence and active gas formation can be observed;
at the time of bowel cleansing, the patient may have significant discomfort, and the urge to go to the toilet themselves can be very painful;
traces of blood can be seen in the feces;
often the patient has diarrhea;
the general condition of the patient is characterized by increased fatigue, body weight may begin to decrease;
in some cases, there is a lack of appetite, nausea appears after eating.

Symptoms of chronic colitis

Symptoms of the chronic form of the disease include:

spastic constipation;
false urge to defecate, accompanied by flatulence;
mild pain during physical exertion, as a rule, they are caused by ischemic colitis;
aching dull cramping pain, covering the entire lower abdomen, radiating in some cases to the left hypochondrium;
headache and nausea.

Call your doctor if you have diarrhea with blood or mucus or if you strong pain in the abdomen, especially when combined with high fever.

Complications

Complications of colitis can be the following diseases:

if the infection is severe, dehydration and poisoning may occur;
with ulcerative lesions - acute blood loss and ;
with chronic colitis, there is a decrease in the quality of life ( chronic poisoning organism, as well as all kinds of its consequences);
chronic forms of colitis are a risk factor cancer, while signs of colitis may appear directly with tumors.

Diagnostics

Diagnostic measures begin in the doctor's office. The examination begins with a questioning of the patient about complaints. The doctor finds out their nature, strength, duration. Determines which diseases the patient has suffered before (history taking).

To diagnose colitis, doctors look for the following symptoms:

unstable stool (diarrhea, constipation, change from diarrhea to constipation)
pains of a different nature
predominantly in the lower abdomen
eructation often occurs
nausea
bitterness in the mouth
general weakness
headache
decrease in working capacity
sleep deterioration.

The initial stage also includes an examination of the patient and a palpation method to determine the exact localization of pain. After that, laboratory and instrumental methods diagnostics.

Laboratory examination methods:

A general blood test indicates the presence of inflammatory changes in the body and anemia (an increase in the number, a shift in the leukocyte formula to the left, a decrease in the number of red blood cells);
A general urine test indicates dehydration of the body (increased specific gravity, protein admixture);
A biochemical analysis of urine displays the degree of dehydration of the body, loss of blood electrolytes, and indicates the presence of inflammation.

Instrumental methods for the diagnosis of colitis:

sigmoidoscopy - an examination of a section of the intestine (up to 30 cm) is carried out, for this, a rectoscope is inserted through the anus - a special endoscopic apparatus;
irrigoscopy - examination of the intestine using an x-ray, before the procedure, the intestines are filled with a contrast agent;
colonoscopy - is carried out according to the same principle as sigmoidoscopy, however, a section of the intestine up to one meter long is examined.

The diagnosis must be made by a doctor after lengthy examinations that reveal the condition of the intestinal mucosa, the tone and elasticity of its walls.

Treatment of intestinal colitis

In case of exacerbation of chronic or acute colitis in adults, treatment should be carried out in a hospital in the proctology department, if the infectious nature of colitis is found out, then in specialized departments of infectious diseases hospitals.

Treatment involves medication and strict diet. Drug treatment of intestinal colitis in adults involves taking the following groups of drugs:

"No-shpa" ( domestic analogue- "Drotaverine"). Used to relieve spasms. This drug will help numb the symptoms until the doctors tell you exactly how to treat the inflammation of the intestine.
If inflammation in intestinal colitis is caused by pathogenic flora, then to reduce its activity and suppress it, different kinds antibacterial agents. The etiological treatment for this is to conduct anthelmintic therapy, dysbacteriosis is treated with probiotics.
Pathogenetic therapy consists in the appointment plentiful drink alkaline mineral waters. In severe cases, intravenous infusions are prescribed physiological saline, rheosorbilact and other saline solutions.

In the treatment of acute colitis of the intestine, a saline laxative is used once from medicines. For the treatment of the infectious form, sulfide preparations are used in combination with antibiotics. Good help symptomatic drugs, Papaverine - with severe pain.

With the development of chronic colitis, the patient is recommended dispensary observation with regular examination by a specialist and all necessary analyzes. To prevent the recurrence of an exacerbation, the patient needs to normalize nutrition, avoid stress and heavy loads.

The use of drugs aimed at increasing immunity (aloe extract), reducing inflammatory processes(sulfanilamide suppositories), reduction of pain symptoms (spasmaton). Be sure to use vitamin therapy.

To recognize colitis, as well as to prescribe drugs and methods of treatment, you should contact a gastroenterologist or a proctologist, who will determine the optimal solution in each case.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy for colitis is due to the pathogenetic orientation of the impact of the corresponding physical factor and is aimed at improving the motor-evacuation and secretory functions of the colon. For this purpose, and in order to eliminate dangerous symptoms, in modern treatment and prevention centers, the following methods of physiotherapy are provided:

ultraviolet irradiation of local exposure;
electrophoresis using drugs (papaverine, drotaverine);
paraffin applications on certain areas of the abdomen;
mud applications;
magnetic therapy.

Operation

Ulcerative colitis - an operation to remove ulcers and neoplasms is indicated only when all activities conservative therapy were unsuccessful. Surgery for ulcerative colitis is required in only 10% of patients. The surgical method can be radical.
Ischemic colitis - surgical method is used in case of formation of blood clots in the abdominal aorta and its branches, which directly affects the development and progression pathological process in the large intestine.

Diet for colitis

pledge Get well soon the patient is dieting. The main goal of adjusting nutrition and observing a special menu for intestinal colitis is to reduce the load on the organs of the digestive system.

A diet for intestinal colitis should consist only of permitted foods.
Meals should be frequent (about 6 times a day), but small.
Dishes should not be hot or cold.
Boiled, mashed foods are best for eating. The consumption of calories is also limited, a day should be no more than 2000 kcal.
During acute period diseases, you can eat only liquid, semi-liquid or well-mashed food, while it is better to cook the products for a couple or boil them well.

Diet for intestinal colitis has the right appoint only a doctor after confirmation of the diagnosis in the laboratory. Even people suffering from the chronic form of this disease are not recommended to use it without consulting their doctor.

Allowed products for intestinal colitis:

crackers from white bread, biscuits, biscuit;
fat-free and diluted broths, soups with boiled cereals or chopped vegetables (potatoes, zucchini);
lean meats and poultry and dishes from them (steamed cutlets with rice, meatballs): veal, beef, rabbit, skinless chicken;
lean fish, boiled or steamed, baked;
boiled cereals on the water (buckwheat, rice, oatmeal);
eggs in the form protein omelette or soft-boiled;
vegetables: potatoes, zucchini, cauliflower, pumpkin, carrots in the form of mashed potatoes, soufflés, casseroles or boiled;
baked apples, in the form of puree, peeled and red, decoctions of barberry, black currant, quince; pears, bananas;
butter in a small amount;
fat-free cottage cheese and non-acidic sour cream;
non-sharp and unsalted cheeses;
bay leaf, vanillin, cinnamon, a little dill and parsley;
chocolate, strong tea, coffee, diluted juices (excluding apricot, grape and plum);
marmalade, pastille;
kissels, jelly.

All dishes should be boiled, steamed or baked, but without a hard crust. In addition, food is served pureed or crushed. Thus, the intestines have time to break down foods into nutrients that are absorbed into the blood - this achieves mechanical sparing.

Foods that should not be consumed during illness:

salted, smoked, spicy, pickled food, any sausages and pickles;
vegetables and fruits without additional processing;
pastry and various confectionery;
wheat, pearl barley, as well as legumes;
chocolates, ice cream and all kinds of creams;
carbonated drinks, as well as strong tea or coffee (if constipation is present).

Sample menu for the day

Menu 1

Menu 2

Breakfast	mashed rice porridge on the water; steam omelet from two eggs; rosehip broth; biscuit cookies.
afternoon tea	skim cheese; jelly.
Dinner	chicken broth with pureed rice and egg flakes; crackers; buckwheat porridge (mashed); boiled chicken; a decoction of dried apples and pears.
afternoon tea	mashed baked apple;
Dinner	boiled cod, semolina porridge on the water; green tea.
Before bedtime	blueberry jelly.

Thus, it is necessary to strictly monitor nutrition in order to achieve a high therapeutic effect. Food should be fractional, with a minimum of fiber. It is also important to exclude coarse foods, salty, smoked, spicy dishes. All dishes should be served crushed and pureed. This is the only way to quickly forget about colitis.

Folk remedies

Elimination of chronic intestinal colitis and other types can be done with the help of folk remedies. The patient needs to consult a doctor, and not use the funds on their own.

Mint will help relieve the inflammatory process. To prepare two large spoons of this herb, pour 450 ml of boiling water and insist for 20 minutes. Take 2-3 tablespoons, 3-4 times a day before meals.
For 500 ml of boiling water, take two tablespoons of dry grass. The mixture is infused in a glass or enamel bowl for two hours. It is better to cover the solution with a tight lid. Take strained infusion for one month. The daily dosage of St. John's wort is 250 ml, while this amount is divided into three doses. St. John's wort should be drunk half an hour before meals.
Decoction of chamomile and centaury. One teaspoon of centaury and a teaspoon of chamomile is poured into a glass boiled water and insists. Drink with colitis of the intestine on a tablespoon of infusion for every two hours. After 1-2 months, the dose is reduced, and the intervals between medications are increased;
Pomegranate (peel). Take 20 g of dry peels or 50 g of fresh pomegranate with seeds, boil over low heat for 30 minutes in 200 ml of water. Strain thoroughly. Drink 2 tbsp. l. prepared decoction 2 times a day. Pomegranate broth - very effective remedy for the treatment of allergic colitis and enterocolitis.

Prevention

For adults, following a few simple recommendations will help prevent colitis:

adhere to a balanced diet;
stop drinking alcohol;
include more plant foods in the diet;
deal with constipation in a timely manner;
do not use antibiotics uncontrollably;
Seek medical attention at the first sign of bowel problems.

Like any other disease, intestinal colitis is quickly treatable in the early stages. Take care of your health and consult a doctor in time.

Colitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the large intestine, which is manifested by abdominal pain, flatulence, impaired stool, the presence of pathological impurities in the feces and symptoms of intoxication of the body. Inflammation of the large intestine can be either segmental or spread to all its departments.

These symptoms bring suffering to the sick, disrupt their ability to work and interfere with their usual day of life. But the main danger of colitis lies in its complications, which in most cases can be eliminated with the help of surgery.

We offer to analyze in more detail the forms of colitis, their symptoms in children and adults, methods of diagnosis and treatment.

All over the world, colitis is usually divided according to the course, form, localization and causal factor. Downstream colitis can be acute and chronic.

Inflammation can affect the cecum (typhlitis), the transverse colon (transversitis), the sigmoid colon (sigmoiditis), and the rectum (proctitis). When the whole thick one is affected, they talk about pantcolitis.

But most often, patients have proctosigmoiditis, which is also called distal colitis - this is a simultaneous lesion of the sigmoid and rectum.

Depending on the nature of the factor that provoked the disease, there are the following types of colitis:

infectious colitis (dysentery, echirichiosis), which develops as a result of exposure to the mucous layer of the colon of pathogenic microbes;
ulcerative colitis (nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NUC), Crohn's disease), which is characterized by the appearance of ulcers on the mucous membrane of the colon;
spastic colitis appears in people with a labile nervous system due to stress, physical or mental overwork, hormonal imbalance, internal feelings and fears;
toxic colitis, which occurs due to damage to the colon mucosa by various poisons, as well as drugs;
ischemic colitis, the main cause of which is thrombosis of the mesenteric vessels;
radiation colitis appears in individuals who have been exposed to high doses of radiation;
allergic colitis is typical for people prone to allergic reactions;
alimentary colitis, the causes of which lie in an unbalanced and unhealthy diet, alcohol abuse, etc.;
mechanical colitis occurs due to mechanical damage to the epithelium of the colon during the setting of an enema, the introduction of rectal suppositories or foreign objects.

The main cause of acute colitis is the penetration of an infectious agent into the mucous membrane of the colon. Acute colitis is typical for food poisoning, food poisoning, taking certain medications, allergies, etc.

Chronic colitis is mainly a consequence of chronic pathology. internal organs, such as gallbladder, pancreas, liver and others.

Causes of colitis in adults include the following:

Almost always, acute inflammation of the intestine is combined with inflammation small intestine and stomach.

In acute colitis, symptoms appear acutely. Patients may complain of decreased appetite, elevated temperature, fatigue, nausea, sometimes vomiting, abdominal cramps and loose stools.

Acute left-sided colitis will present with tenesmus (painful urge to defecate), abdominal cramps, and diarrhea with blood, pus, and/or mucus.

At the same time, acute right-sided colitis of the intestine is characterized by symptoms such as frequent stools up to 5-7 times a day and mild aching pain in the right abdomen. The feces are mushy with little blood, mucus and/or pus.

Acute colitis with untimely or improper treatment threatens to turn into a chronic form of the disease, so it is important to seek medical help in time and not self-medicate.

Chronic colitis is characterized by a gradual, often imperceptible onset, a long, sluggish course with periods of exacerbation and temporary subsidence of inflammatory phenomena.

Chronic colitis can occur primarily or be a consequence of acute colitis.

To exacerbate the symptoms of chronic colitis lead to non-compliance with the diet, mental or physical overwork, stress, viral infections, as well as other diseases of the internal organs.

Treatment does not allow you to completely get rid of this disease, but only to stop the progression and prolong remission.

Signs of chronic inflammation of the large intestine the following:

pain in the abdomen of a aching or spastic nature;
flatulence;
diarrhea, which is replaced by constipation, and vice versa;
an admixture of blood, mucus and / or pus in the stool;
loss of appetite;
nausea, in severe cases vomiting;
malaise;
pallor skin;
increased sweating;
fever and others.

Symptoms of colitis in women

In the process of clinical observations, it was concluded that women develop colitis more often than children or men.

Very often, the cause of colitis in women is the use of cleansing enemas to remove toxins and reduce weight. In addition, most of the weight loss products that are so popular among women negatively affect the work of the intestines and its condition and can even cause colitis.

Women may experience the following symptoms of colitis:

violation general condition(weakness, loss of appetite, decreased performance, etc.);
abdominal pain;
heaviness in the abdomen;
flatulence of the intestine;
diarrhea;
tenesmus;
rise in temperature, etc.

The severity of the above symptoms depends on the cause, course and localization of colitis.

Males are less prone to colitis than females. Inflammation of the large intestine is more common in middle-aged men.

The disease in the representatives of the stronger sex is manifested by the same symptoms as in women, namely:

increased gas formation in the intestines;
pain in the abdomen of a different nature;
nausea;
sometimes vomiting;
chair instability;
the appearance of blood, pus or mucus in the stool;
painful false urge to empty the bowels and others.

Intensity clinical manifestations colitis directly depends on the etiology, course, type of colitis, as well as on individual features patient.

Symptoms of colitis in children

The course of colitis in children is more violent and severe than in adult patients.

Colitis infectious etiology in children is often accompanied by severe intoxication and dehydration.

The child can be identified the following symptoms of acute colitis:

fever;
exhaustion;
severe general weakness;
pains that are localized around the navel;
tenesmus;
diarrhea, with frequent stools up to 15 times a day;
watery, frothy, often greenish stools that contain a lot of mucus and streaks of blood;
decrease in skin turgor;
dry skin and mucous membranes;
decrease in the daily amount of urine and others.

Chronic colitis in a child has less pronounced manifestations than acute intestinal damage.

Most often, the child has symptoms such as:

pain in the abdomen of a aching nature, which are associated with eating or defecation, and are noted in the navel, the right or left halves of the abdomen, depending on the segment of the large intestine affected;
constipation or diarrhea;
feces contain a lot of mucus, streaks of blood and undigested food particles;
change in the consistency of feces (sheep feces, ribbon-like feces, watery feces, etc.);
rumbling in the stomach;
bloating.

Due to constipation or diarrhea, the child may develop anal tears and prolapse of the rectal mucosa.

The above symptoms in a child, parents should not be ignored, since a long inflammatory process in the intestine often leads to a delay physical development, anemia, metabolic disorders and vitamin deficiency in the body.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis of the intestine: symptoms, treatment with folk remedies and methods of traditional medicine

The clinical picture of ulcerative colitis can be both pronounced and sluggish. In addition, in most cases, the onset of the disease is imperceptible, so patients lead a normal life, not suspecting that they are sick with something. Ulcerative colitis can also masquerade as other diseases. digestive tract like hemorrhoids.

Ulcerative colitis has a number of specific and non-specific symptoms, namely:

fecal incontinence;
nighttime urge to empty the bowels;
increased bowel movements (up to 25 times a day)
constipation, in case of inflammation of the sigmoid colon;
the appearance of an admixture of blood, pus and mucus in the feces;
flatulence;
temperature rise;
stomach ache;
increased sweating;
chills;
pallor of the skin.

With massive intestinal damage, the patient's condition is quite severe, which is characterized by fever, nausea with vomiting, lack of appetite, instability of blood pressure, accelerated heart rate, weight loss, and others.

Also, some patients may experience extraintestinal symptoms of ulcerative colitis, such as the formation of blood clots in various organs, blurred vision, joint pain, rashes on the skin and mucous membranes, dysfunction of the liver and other internal organs.

The fight against ulcerative colitis is a rather long and laborious process, which consists in the use of basic and symptomatic therapies.

In the treatment of this disease, anti-inflammatory drugs can be used (Salofalk, Remicade, Sulfasalazine, Mezavant), hormonal preparations(Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone) and cytostatics (Azathioprine, Methotrexate) and others.

For the purpose of symptomatic therapy, patients are prescribed antipyretics, antispasmodics, enterosorbents, as well as enzyme preparations.

As an additional treatment for ulcerative colitis, you can use herbal medicine, you just need to first consult with your doctor. Regular ingestion of infusions and decoctions medicinal herbs such as nettle, yarrow, chamomile, nettle, cinquefoil and St. John's wort will help reduce inflammation in the intestines, hold stools together, stop bleeding, prevent bacterial complications and speed up wound healing.

Spastic colitis of the intestine: symptoms and treatments

Spastic colitis, or irritable bowel syndrome, is a functional disease that occurs as a result of a violation of the motor function of the intestine.

The disease may appear the following symptoms:

pain in the abdomen, which are spasmodic in nature, often occurs in the morning after eating, before any important event or after stress;
chair instability;
severe flatulence;
an admixture of mucus in the feces, and sometimes blood.

To treat spastic colitis, drugs are used that restore normal motor function intestines and stop nervous strain. drugs in this case may be Duspatalin, No-shpa, Imodium, Riabal.

In intestinal ischemia, the leading symptoms are severe pain and intestinal obstruction. The clinical picture of ischemic colitis depends on how extensive the lesion is, and also on whether the mesenteric artery was completely blocked or partially.

The pain is spastic in nature and most often appears immediately after eating. Also, patients present with bloating, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea.

With massive thrombosis of the intestinal arteries, patients may develop pain shock - a decrease in blood pressure, tachycardia, pallor of the skin, cold sweat and impaired consciousness.

Treatment of colitis caused by ischemic bowel almost always consists of surgery, in which part of the ischemic or dead bowel is removed.

Atrophic colitis of the intestine: symptoms and treatments

Most often, atrophic colitis occurs against the background of improper and unhealthy nutrition, poisoning with salts of heavy metals, with prolonged use of laxatives and unjustified antibiotic therapy. In addition, there is genetic predisposition to atrophy of the intestinal mucosa.

Patients have the classic symptoms of colitis: abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.

The choice of treatment for atrophic colitis depends on which symptom is the main one. For pain and cramps in the abdomen, antispasmodics are used, for constipation - laxatives, for diarrhea - antidiarrheals, etc.

Infectious bowel colitis: symptoms and treatment in adults

Infectious colitis almost always has an acute or subacute course. Patients complain of fever, frequent loose stools (watery, mushy, jelly-like), with impurities of blood, mucus, pus, cutting pains in the abdomen, flatulence and others. The manifestation of infectious colitis will depend on which microorganism provoked it.

The basis of the treatment of infectious colitis is etiotropic therapy, that is, aimed at the destruction of the pathogen.

Nutrition for colitis depends on the leading symptom of the disease. But in any case, the diet must be followed both during the period of exacerbation and in remission.

During an exacerbation or acute course colita menu consists of boiled or steamed dishes. Food should not have coarse particles that can irritate the intestinal mucosa, so soups and cereals are interrupted or rubbed through a sieve.

List of prohibited foods for colitis:

rye and fresh bread;
sweet pastries;
pasta;
rich broths;
fatty meats, fish and poultry;
milk;
caviar;
hard-boiled or fried eggs;
barley porridge and soup;
legumes;
raw fruits;
sweets;
fruit juices, which increase gas formation in the intestines;
alcoholic drinks;
carbonated drinks.

During remission, nutrition should be balanced and healthy. You need to eat fractionally (5-6 times a day) in small portions, it is also important to drink enough liquid.

It is recommended to exclude spicy and fatty meals, whole milk, as well as products that contain coarse vegetable fiber and promote gas formation - White cabbage, legumes, black and whole grain bread, grapes and others. Alcoholic beverages are strictly prohibited.

When cooking, preference should be given to baking, boiling or steaming dishes.

With colitis, which is accompanied by constipation, the menu must contain beets, carrots, dried fruits, apricots, kiwi, and the use of 1 tablespoon of any vegetable oil in the morning on an empty stomach will help loosen the stool.

In colitis, where the leading symptom is diarrhea, nutrition should be such that it does not cause fermentation in the intestines and spares its mucous membrane. In the daily diet, the amount of fat is reduced and marinades, smoked meats, whole milk, hot spices, as well as alcoholic and carbonated drinks are completely removed.

Diet therapy for colitis is an integral part of the treatment, which significantly affects its outcome. Target medical nutrition– eliminate mechanical and chemical irritation of the colon mucosa.

In toga, we can say that colitis is a rather serious disease with a long and complex treatment, the result of which depends on its timeliness and correctness. Therefore, if you identify symptoms characteristic of colitis, do not self-medicate, but consult a specialist.

Infectious and toxic colitis is diagnosed and treated by an infectious disease specialist, and in the case of other forms of the disease, by a gastroenterologist, coloproctologist or proctologist.

Have you ever experienced colitis? Leave your feedback on the methods of treatment of this disease in the comments under the topic.

Quite often, health problems add digestive system Or rather, a malfunction in her work. The quality of its functioning depends on the general condition of the body, supply nutrients tissues and organs. In our article we will try to get acquainted with one of the diseases of this system. Consider the types, symptoms and treatment of intestinal colitis.

What is colitis?

This disease is a consequence of the spread of the inflammatory process in the large intestine. Inflammation takes over the intestines. Either the entire large intestine or only a separate part of it can be involved in the process. Chronic colitis occurs. Symptoms and treatment will depend on the spread of the inflammatory process and the involvement of other departments in it.

There are situations when malfunctions begin simultaneously in the large and small intestines, then we can talk about such a pathology as enterocolitis.

Varieties of the disease

They will directly depend on the form and type of the disease. In medical circles, the following types of colitis are currently distinguished:

Chronic. It differs from other forms by a sluggish course, exacerbations occur periodically, they can be provoked by antibiotics, nutritional errors, or frequent stressful situations.
Ulcerative colitis usually ends with the appearance of ulcerative-necrotic disorders of the mucous membrane. Until now, the nature and causes of this form have been little studied, but they are inclined to believe that it can be caused by allergic reactions. If allergen products are excluded from the diet, the patient's condition improves significantly.
Acute colitis will not allow itself to be ignored. Its manifestations are always pronounced. Often the culprits are staphylococci, salmonella and other microorganisms.
The atrophic form of colitis is divided into atonic and spastic, depending on the factors that caused it.
Spastic colitis is also called spasmodic, as there are severe cramps, abdominal pain, and upset stool. Doctors are of the opinion that stress, fatigue and nervous tension are provocateurs.
Erosive colitis is considered initial stage development of ulcerative colitis, because the inflammatory process leads to the formation of ulcers.
Surface is called so, because all processes take place in the upper layer.
Catarrhal colitis is the initial manifestation of the disease. At strong immunity the symptoms of the disease disappear by themselves and no special treatment is required.

Only a doctor can determine the type of disease and prescribe therapy.

Symptoms of colitis

Any form of the disease, if you do not pay due attention to its treatment, can become chronic. In this case, you can be sure that questions such as "symptoms, causes and treatment of intestinal colitis" will become constant companions of a person.

A frequent companion of chronic colitis is dull, aching and cramping pain, which usually occurs in the lower or lateral abdomen. The pain may get worse after eating or before going to the bathroom.

Other common symptoms of chronic colitis include:

Excretion with feces of mucus.
Blood streaks may appear.
Sheep cal.
Replace each other with constipation and diarrhea.
General weakness.
Nausea and vomiting may occur.
Body temperature rises periodically.
Jumps in the direction of increasing blood pressure.
There is an unpleasant burp.
Bloating.
A bitter taste may appear in the mouth.
If the disease progresses long time, then the patient loses weight.

These are the symptoms of chronic intestinal colitis, and only a doctor should prescribe treatment, taking into account the general condition.

Reasons for the development of colitis

A variety of factors can provoke an inflammatory process in the large intestine. For example, an acute form of the disease can be caused by:

Intestinal infection.
Taking antibiotics or other medications.
Nutritional error.
By eating spicy food.
Alcohol.
Dysbacteriosis.

If the disease already has a chronic form, then an exacerbation can be provoked by:

Violation of the blood supply to the intestinal walls.
Allergy to certain foods.
Wrong nutrition.
Helminths.
body intoxication.
The use of poor quality products.
The content of a large number of preservatives in food.

All of these causes can easily cause intestinal colitis. Symptoms and how to treat this disease, we will analyze below.

Diagnosis of the disease

After a visit to the doctor, the patient will be assigned some tests that will allow a more accurate diagnosis:

Fecal analysis. It will show whether the intestines are working properly, whether there is an intestinal infection in the body.
A general blood test is necessary to diagnose the general condition of the patient, and will also allow you to see the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes. Their content can indicate the presence of an inflammatory process or its absence, as well as the level of hemoglobin, which also affects overall well-being.
The doctor may prescribe an ultrasound examination of the intestinal cavity.

After all the tests and research, a diagnosis is made and a course of treatment is prescribed.

Colitis therapy

Chronic colitis requires an integrated approach to its treatment. To cope with this disease, you must follow all the recommendations of the doctor.

Therapy may include the following areas:

Medical treatment.
Dieting.
The use of folk remedies.

It must be remembered that only in combination these methods will help to cope with the disease and the patient will no longer be bothered by chronic intestinal colitis, the symptoms and signs of this disease will come to naught.

Drug therapy for chronic colitis

If the exacerbation is caused by an intestinal infection, then the doctor will definitely prescribe antibiotics. The choice of drug will depend on the type of pathogen.

Most commonly used in the treatment of chronic colitis following groups drugs:

Antispasmodic drugs, such as No-Shpa.
Intestinal antiseptics, these include Furazolidone, Enterosgel, Smecta.
adsorbents such as Activated carbon, Laktofiltrum.
Antidiarrheals: Loperamide, Imodium.
Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as Sulfasalazine.

In severe situations, the doctor may prescribe glucocorticoid hormones. There are situations when it does not bring its results and the patient only gets worse, then a surgical intervention is performed to remove a section of the colon.

Against colitis on your own

We looked at what colitis is (symptoms and treatment). The diet for colitis, however, should occupy one of the main places in the treatment of this disease.

If you visit a gastroenterologist, then with this disease, he will advise you to adhere to the fourth diet table. His general recommendations are:

It is not recommended to use freshly squeezed juices, it is better to replace them with fresh fruits.
Avoid meat, especially pork and beef.
It is not recommended to eat bran bread during treatment.
Remove fried foods from your diet.
Forbidden to eat fresh salads from vegetables.
During therapy, food should be at room temperature, too cold or hot should be avoided.
Eliminate spicy spices and seasonings from the diet.
In a small amount, you can include chicken and lamb in the menu.
Vegetables are best eaten not raw, but steamed.
Limit the use of animal fats, a little butter is allowed.
When treating colitis, food should be of a delicate texture.
After waking up before breakfast, you need to drink a glass of water, preferably boiled.

We looked at what chronic intestinal colitis is, symptoms and treatment. Diet in therapy should be an important step. Only then can positive results be expected.

Help of traditional medicine in the treatment

In the bins of healers there are always recipes for getting rid of many diseases. You already know how important the role is proper diet if exhibiting chronic colitis symptoms. And treatment with folk remedies cannot be left aside, it may well be of help. Here are some recipes:

10 grams of quince seeds pour 1 liter of water and leave for 8-10 hours. It is recommended to take 100 ml 3-4 times a day.
1 tsp Pour chicory with a glass of hot milk, insist for half an hour and consume a quarter cup 4 times a day.
Take 3 tablespoons of berries and leaves of blueberries and brew in 600 ml of boiling water, leave for 8 hours and take 3 times a day for a glass.
2 tbsp. l insist sage in 400 ml of boiling water and drink half a glass before each meal.
For 1 part of alder cones, take 5 parts of water, leave for 14 days in the dark. Take half a teaspoon 4 times a day.
For treatment, you can use oats. Pour 100 grams of flakes cold water and leave for 3 hours, then add a liter hot water and cook until thickened. Such jelly should be taken before meals.
If acute chronic colitis of the intestine shows symptoms, treatment with alcohol tincture of propolis can help, it is carried out as follows: take 30 drops of 10% tincture half an hour before meals. You can dilute the drops in water or milk.

These recipes will be a great help in drug treatment colitis.

Herbal remedies for chronic colitis

We looked at chronic intestinal colitis, symptoms, and treatment with diet and medication. But there are still some medicinal herbs, infusions and decoctions of which will help to defeat the disease.

Recipe 1

Take in equal proportions the serpentine (root), rhizome, burnet rhizome, St. John's wort, calendula and chamomile flowers, yarrow. From a teaspoon of the mixture and 0.5 liters of water, prepare an infusion and drink warm before meals 3 times a day.

Recipe 2

You can make a cocktail of medicinal herbs, or rather, of tinctures. It is necessary to take 20 ml of tincture of peony, hawthorn, mint, calendula, motherwort, 30 ml of valerian and 5 ml of belladonna. Single dosage per reception - from 1 to 8 drops 10 minutes before meals 3-4 times a day.

Recipe 3

If the disease is accompanied by constipation, then the herbal medicinal collection must be supplemented with oregano, dill seeds, and immortelle flowers.

Thus, we have studied in detail how chronic intestinal colitis manifests symptoms. And treatment with diet, drugs and folk ways was also considered. It remains to find out what ineffective therapy or an undertreated disease can lead to.

Consequences of colitis

If an exacerbation of chronic colitis has begun and the symptoms are too bright, then treatment is best done in a hospital setting. Any form of colitis, if therapy is not taken seriously, not following all the recommendations of a specialist, can give serious complications.

If you don't heal sharp shape disease, the patient can expect:

Nephritis.
dysglycemic syndrome.
Cardiovascular insufficiency.
Intoxication of the whole organism.
Dehydration.
Hypochloremia.

If chronic colitis of the large intestine clearly shows symptoms, treatment should be serious and complex, otherwise everything can end up with even more serious consequences, for example:

Rebirth in oncology.
Abscess of the liver or intraparietal.
Intestinal polyps.
pancreatitis.
Pylephlebitis of the portal vein.

Everyone is familiar with these pathologies and knows about their seriousness, so denying timely treatment is simply stupid and not serious in relation to your health.

Disease prevention

It is much easier to prevent the development of inflammatory processes in the large intestine than to suffer the consequences for a long time. Prevention of colitis is as follows:

Timely treat the acute form of the disease.
Stick to a diet.
Visit the dentist regularly for oral examination and timely sanitation.
News healthy lifestyle life.
Try to exclude foods containing chemical additives from the diet.
Regular meals, preferably at least 3 times a day, and most food to take during breakfast.
For the development of intestinal microflora, consume more fresh vegetables and fruits.
Refrain from drinking alcoholic beverages.

Wash your hands more often and thoroughly.

Drink only boiled water.
Do not eat vegetables and fruits without first cleaning and washing well.
Avoid swallowing water while swimming.
Get rid of bad habits, such as biting your nails or any other objects.
Be careful with close contacts with unfamiliar people: do not drink from one bottle, do not eat with one spoon.

Colitis is an inflammation of the lining of the large intestine. Colitis chronic- these are inflammatory, dystrophic and strophic changes in the colon mucosa, which are accompanied by its motor and secretory disorders. Chronic colitis is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system. Often combined with an inflammatory lesion of the small intestine (enterocolitis) and stomach.

Origin of chronic colitis

Causes of chronic colitis; infectious diseases (especially dysentery), malnutrition, exposure to toxic substances (lead, arsenic, mercury), drugs (uncontrolled use of antibiotics, laxatives), diseases gastrointestinal tract(pancreatitis, gastritis).

Colitis of infectious origin can be caused by pathogens of intestinal infections, primarily shigella and salmonella, pathogens of other infectious diseases (mycobacterium tuberculosis, etc.), opportunistic and saprophytic flora of the human intestine (due to dysbacteriosis). In therapeutic practice, colitis of non-infectious origin is most common. Alimentary colitis occurs as a result of prolonged and gross violations of the diet and a rational diet. Concomitant colitis accompanying Achilles gastritis, pancreatitis with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency or chronic enteritis develop as a result of systematic irritation of the colon mucosa by products of insufficiently complete digestion of food, as well as as a result of dysbacteriosis. Toxic colitis occurs as a result of long-term exogenous intoxication with compounds of mercury, lead, phosphorus, arsenic, etc. Drug-induced colitis is associated with prolonged uncontrolled use of laxatives containing antroglycoides (drugs of rhubarb root, buckthorn, joster fruit, senna leaf, etc.), antibiotics and some other medicines. Toxic colitis of endogenous origin occurs due to irritation of the intestinal wall by products excreted by it, formed in the body (with uremia, gout).

Allergic colitis occurs when food allergies, with intolerance to certain medicinal and chemical substances, increased individual sensitivity of the body to certain types of bacterial flora of the intestine and decay products of microorganisms. Colitis due to prolonged mechanical irritation of the colon wall occurs with chronic coprostasis, abuse of laxative enemas and rectal suppositories etc. Often, chronic colitis has several etiological factors that mutually reinforce the effect.

Symptoms of chronic colitis

The main signs of chronic colitis are dull, aching, cramping pains in different departments stomach, but sometimes spilled without a clear localization, they are always intense after eating and weaken after defecation and flatus. May be aggravated by walking, shaking, after cleansing enemas. Rumbling and flatulence - bloating, a combination of diarrhea and constipation (unstable stools), a feeling of incomplete emptying of the intestines, after eating there may be an urge to defecate. Diarrhea occurs up to 5-6 times a day, in the stool there is an admixture of mucus or blood in the form of streaks. Pain in the anus may join due to inflammation of the mucosa of the rectum and sigmoid colon. On palpation of the abdomen, pain is determined along the course of the large intestine, alternating its spasmodic and dilated areas. The course of the disease is undulating: deterioration is replaced by a temporary remission.

Proctitis and proctosigmoiditis are the most common forms of chronic colitis. They play a special role in their origin. bacillary dysentery, chronic constipation, systematic irritation of the rectal mucosa with abuse of laxatives and therapeutic enemas, suppositories. Manifested by pain in the left iliac region and in the anus, painful tenesmus, flatulence; pain may persist for some time after defecation, occur during a cleansing enema. Often there are constipation in combination with tenesmus; the stool is not large, sometimes like "sheep's feces", contains a lot of visible mucus, and often blood and pus. On palpation, there is pain in the sigmoid colon, its spastic contraction or rumbling (with diarrhea). In some cases, an additional loop of the sigmoid colon is revealed - "dolichosigma" ( congenital anomaly development). Inspection of the anal area and digital examination of the rectum allow us to assess the state of its sphincter, to identify the often occurring concomitant pathology developing against the background of chronic proctitis (hemorrhoids, anal fissures, paraproctitis, rectal prolapse, etc.). Of great diagnostic importance is sigmoidoscopy.

Treatment of chronic colitis

Treatment of chronic colitis during an exacerbation is carried out in a hospital;

Nutrition is fractional 6-7 times a day, a diet is prescribed. diet - mechanically sparing (slimy soups, mashed potatoes, meatballs, steamed meat and fish cutlets, etc.). Food should contain 100-120 g of protein, 100-120 g of easily digestible fats (butter, vegetable oil), about 400-500 g of carbohydrates. During the period of the most acute process, the intake of carbohydrate foods (up to 350 and even 250 g) and fats is temporarily limited. Fats are better tolerated and absorbed by patients with chronic bowel disease if they do not enter the body in pure form, but in connection with other nutrients(during the cooking process). The tolerance of carbohydrates and vegetable fiber increases significantly with their appropriate culinary processing (rubbing, steaming, in the most severe cases - homogenized vegetable purees, etc.).

With a pronounced exacerbation, the first one or two days, hunger is recommended. In dietary nutrition - mucous soups, weak meat broths, pureed cereals on the water, boiled meat in the form of meatballs, soft-boiled eggs, boiled river fish, kissels, sweet tea. Antibacterial therapy appoint courses for 4-6 days, with mild and moderate severity - sulfonamides, in the absence of an effect from them - broad-spectrum antibiotics: tetracycline, biomycin in the usual therapeutic dosage. In severe cases - a combination of antibiotics with sulfonamides. With severe pain - antispasmodics (papaverine, no-shpa, platifillin). B vitamins, ascorbic acid better in injections. With a predominant lesion of the rectum, therapeutic oil enemas are prescribed (sea buckthorn oil, rosehip, fish fat with the addition of 5-10 drops of vitamin A), as well as anti-inflammatory with hydrocortisone. Out of exacerbation shown Spa treatment.

Vitamins in chronic colitis are prescribed orally in the form of multivitamins or parenterally (C, B2 B6, B12, etc.). Fruits are used in the form of jelly, juice, puree, baked (apples), and in the period of remission - in their natural form, with the exception of those that enhance the fermentation processes in the intestines (grapes) or have a laxative effect, which is undesirable for diarrhea ( prunes, figs, etc.). Cold food and drinks, low molecular weight sugars, lactic acid products with an acidity above 90 gr. according to Turner, they increase intestinal motility, so they should not be prescribed for exacerbations of colitis and diarrhea. They exclude spicy seasonings, spices, refractory fats, black bread, fresh bread products from rich or yeast dough, cabbage, beets, sour varieties of berries and fruits, and limit table salt.

In order to increase the reactivity of the body, aloe extract is prescribed subcutaneously (1 ml 1 time per day, 10-15 injections), pelloidin (inside 40-50 ml 2 times a day 1-2 hours before meals or in the form of enemas, 100 ml 2 times a day for 10-15 days), autohemotherapy is carried out.

With proctosigmoiditis, microclysters are prescribed (chamomile, tannin, protargolid, from a suspension of bismuth nitrate), and with proctitis - astringents(xeroform, dermatol, zinc oxide, etc.) in suppositories, often in combination with belladonna and anestezin.

For diarrhea, astringents and enveloping agents are recommended (tanalbin, tansal, basic bismuth nitrate, white clay, etc.), infusions and decoctions of plants containing tannins (broths 15:2000 of rhizomes of the serpentine, cinquefoil or burnet, 1 tablespoon 3-6 times per day, infusion or decoction of bird cherry fruits, blueberries, alder seedlings, St. John's wort, etc.), anticholinergics (belladonna preparations, atropine sulfate, metacin, etc.). Cholino-and antispasmodics are prescribed for spastic colitis.

With severe flatulence, activated charcoal is recommended (0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times a day), peppermint leaf infusion (5:200, 1 tablespoon several times a day), chamomile flowers (10:200, 1 -2 tablespoons several times a day) and other means. If diarrhea is caused primarily by secretory insufficiency of the stomach, pancreas, concomitant enteritis, digestive enzyme preparations are useful - pancreatin, festal, etc.

A large place in the treatment of exacerbation of chronic colitis is occupied by physiotherapeutic methods (intestinal irrigation, mud applications, diathermy, etc.) and sanatorium treatment (Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Druskininkai, local sanatoriums for patients with diseases of the intestinal tract).

Working capacity of patients with moderate and severe forms of chronic colitis, especially those accompanied by diarrhea, is limited. They are not shown the types of work associated with the inability to comply with the diet, frequent business trips.

Prevention of chronic colitis: Prevention and timely treatment of acute colitis, clinical examination of convalescents, sanitary and educational work aimed at explaining to the population the need to comply with a rational diet, a full diet, thorough chewing of food, timely sanitation of the oral cavity, and, if necessary, prosthetics, classes physical culture and sports, strengthening nervous system. Strict observance of safety regulations in industries related to chemicals capable of causing damage to the colon.

For colitis, a fee is prescribed:

Chamomile (flowers) 10.0

Licorice (root) 10.0

St. John's wort (grass) 20.0

Great celandine (grass) 20.0

Peppermint (leaves) 20.0

The decoction is taken 1 glass 2 times a day before meals.

Chicory (root) 40.0

Sand immortelle (flowers) 40.0

Dandelion officinalis (root) 40.0

Infusion take 1/3 cup on an empty stomach 3 times a day.

To prevent addiction medicinal fees it is recommended to periodically change their composition.

Chronic colitis symptoms

COMPLAINTS AND OBJECTIVE STUDY

The main manifestations of chronic colitis are abdominal pain and stool disorders. Spasmodic or aching pains in the lower and lateral parts of the abdomen occur 7-8 hours after eating and decrease after passing gases and defecation. Localization of pain depends on the prevalence of the process.

With sigmoiditis, pain is localized in the left iliac region, with ileotiflitis - in the right half of the abdomen with irradiation to the lower back.

When involved in the process of regional lymph nodes constant pain, aggravated by fast walking, shaking, and also after enemas. With solaritis, pain is burning, boring, less often dull, localized near the navel, radiating to the back and lower abdomen. Stool changes - constipation, as a rule, alternates with diarrhea. False urges and a feeling of incomplete emptying of the intestines are characteristic. Most patients experience bloating, nausea, belching, and an unpleasant taste in the mouth. Palpation reveals soreness, thickening, stretching of individual intestinal loops.

COPROLOGICAL STUDY

Found in feces a large number of mucus, with microscopic examination detect leukocytes and erythrocytes. At bacteriological examination feces reveal a violation of the microflora of the colon - the presence of conditionally pathogenic microflora, qualitative changes in the normal microflora inherent in various stages of dysbacteriosis.

X-RAY EXAMINATION

X-ray examination(irrigography) allows you to establish the localization of the process, the nature of changes in the relief of the mucous membrane, the presence of dyskinesia, to differentiate with other diseases of the colon.

RECTOROMANOSCOPY AND COLONOSCOPY

Catarrhal (the intestinal wall is hyperemic, edematous, with a coating of mucus) and atrophic (pale, thinned, with a network of translucent small vessels) changes in the mucous membrane are detected.

Differential Diagnosis

The symptoms of chronic colitis are nonspecific, therefore, when conducting a differential diagnosis, it is first necessary to exclude More severe diseases of the colon - tumors, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease.

The second group of diseases with which chronic colitis has to be differentiated are functional disorders of the large intestine (irritable bowel syndrome) and secondary changes in the large intestine in the pathology of other organs (gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, urological and gynecological diseases). AT differential diagnosis with secondary colitis, identification of the underlying disease helps.

In some patients with clinical picture chronic colitis reveal only functional disorders without endoscopic and histological signs of inflammation. This allows you to diagnose irritable bowel syndrome.