Candidal stomatitis. Candidal stomatitis: treatment with tablets and local remedies Candida stomatitis treatment in adults drugs

Candidal stomatitis- This is enough rare pathology affecting the oral mucosa. To eliminate this problem, complex therapy is used. It includes medical preparations both local and general action, as well as folk methods of home treatment.

Development mechanism

Pathology is caused by Candida fungi, which are always found in small quantities on the mucosa. Their active reproduction leads to a general weakening of the body, a decrease in immune defense, hormonal disbalance, diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis and HIV infection.

Stomatitis of this type is characterized by the appearance extensive plaque eruption curdled character. As the disease develops, painful erosions form under the plaque on the edematous hyperemic area of the mucosa.

In the future, erosion extends not only to all tissues of the oral cavity, but also to the lips and the area around them.

Therapy

When the first signs of stomatitis are detected, it is necessary to contact a dentist who diagnoses the exact form of the disease and prescribes treatment.

Therapy in this case It is aimed at eliminating the cause that provoked the pathology, relieving symptoms and restoring the affected mucosa. To do this, jointly apply therapeutic treatment, medical and home.

In the clinic

Therapeutic treatment begins with the diagnosis of the disease. Besides visual inspection and a standard patient survey, the dentist uses additional examination methods:

smear sampling mucosa from the affected area to identify the pathogen (bakposev);
allergic skin test for Candida antigens;
PCR study;
histology;
in the absence of the desired result after long-term treatment carry out general examination organism for systemic pathologies. This will require the help of an immunologist and a therapist (pediatrician).

After a detailed examination, the doctor performs the treatment of the oral mucosa, which includes the following manipulations:

Non-injection oral pain relief spray or gel.
Removal of cheesy plaque from the affected areas using a sterile swab moistened with an antiseptic.
Overlay application on erosive zones with the use of agents that restore the mucosa.
Prescribing a treatment regimen.

As a rule, the treatment of candidal stomatitis does not cause difficulties and can be carried out independently at home. So next visit a dentist may be needed only after treatment to confirm positive result.

If the patient is unable to process oral cavity, you will have to visit the dentist daily for 2 weeks and more.

In especially severe cases, in the presence of complications, the patient may be hospitalized for treatment in a hospital.

Medical

For the treatment of candidal stomatitis, drugs of local and general action are prescribed. The expediency of appointments will depend on the age of the patient and the degree of development of the pathology. As a rule, the following medicines are used for treatment:

Nystatin. Effective against Candida. For therapy, it is recommended to use the drug in the form of tablets. Nystatin is taken 1 tablet up to 4 times a day for about 7 days. The price of the goods is about 40 rubles.
Natamycin- an antibiotic of antifungal and fungicidal action. Treatment regimen: inside up to 100 mg about 4 times a day, depending on age. The cost of one package is 250 rubles.
Diflucan- a powerful antifungal agent of the triazole type. Destroys fungal cells, disrupting their metabolic processes. The drug is taken at 400 mg on the first day, and then this dose is reduced by 2 times. The duration of therapy is determined by the doctor.
The cost of Diflucan ranges from 200 to 1500 rubles, depending on the form of release: suspension, powder, solution for infusion.
Potassium iodide 3%. It has an aseptic effect of a general nature and helps to increase the production of saliva. The drug is taken orally after eating up to 200 mcg per day for a month. The cost of the drug is from 50 to 110 rubles.
Antihistamines a: fenistil, suprastin, tavegil. Medicines are taken to reduce discomfort during meals, 1 tablet every 6 hours. Depending on the means, the price can vary from 50 to 600 rubles.
Immunomodulators: interferon, viferon. Shown daily use in dosage, according to the instructions. The cost of funds is from 150 to 400 rubles.
clotrimazole- cream for local application active against fungi. To obtain a positive result, it is necessary to apply the cream to the affected areas at least 2 times a day. The duration of therapy is 4 weeks. The cost of one package of funds is about 60 rubles.
Amphotericin- topical ointment containing an antifungal antibiotic. The agent is applied to the dried surface with a thin layer after 12 hours for 14 days. The price of one package of ointment is 30 rubles.
Hexoral- a drug of complex action, which not only destroys the pathogenic flora, but also has an enveloping, analgesic and hemostatic effect. Aerosol or lozenges are used after 4 hours. Its average cost is 270 rubles.
Chlorhexidine- active towards a large number bacteria, fungi and viruses. To eliminate the focus of inflammation, it is necessary to rinse the mouth with a solution for 2 minutes no more than 3 times a day.
Apply until the main signs of the disease disappear. The cost of this tool is only 15 rubles.
Lidochlor- a drug of combined action, produced in the form of a gel. It has a local anesthetic and aseptic effect. The gel is applied in a small layer to the affected area every 4 hours. Its price is about 1 thousand rubles.
Holisal- gel with antifungal, anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. Promotes active restoration of damaged mucosa.
The gel in an amount of not more than 1 cm is applied to the mucous membrane up to 3 times a day. The average cost of this drug is in the range of 300 rubles.
Solcoseryl- a paste aimed at improving tissue trophism and stimulating the regeneration process. The paste is applied to the inflamed surface, previously cleaned with an antiseptic, up to 2 times a day. The average price of pasta is 250 rubles.

At home

In addition to the listed drugs, other methods of treating pathology can be used at home. Among the variety of recipes, the most popular are the following:

Hydrogen peroxide(solution). To do this, you need to take 30 grams of peroxide per glass warm water. Rinse your mouth with the resulting solution for no more than 30 seconds up to 3 times a day. The procedure should not be repeated for more than 5 days, as it is possible to provoke oral dysbacteriosis.
Peroxide can also be used to treat the affected surface. To do this, you need to take an undiluted preparation and apply it with a gauze napkin to the mucous membrane.
To protect the mucosa from irritation, you can use protein from chicken egg . It is diluted in 100 ml of water and thoroughly stirred. Rinse the mouth with the resulting liquid, holding it for at least 5 minutes.
It should be borne in mind that the longer the solution is in the mouth, the greater the effect of the treatment. During the day, this procedure can be repeated every 3 hours.
Furacilin. Differs in the expressed bactericidal property. In order to prepare a solution, it is enough to use 2 tablets and dissolve them in 250 ml of water. Rinse the mouth cavity 3 times a day. For each procedure, it is best to use a freshly prepared solution.
Soda saline solution- has antiseptic and anti-edematous action. To prepare, you need to take 1 teaspoon of each component per 150 ml of water. The resulting liquid is treated with inflamed areas up to 4 times a day.
As aid good mouthwashes based on medicinal herbs and chlorhexidine.
The use of rinse aids containing alcohol is strongly discouraged. These funds are used according to the instructions attached to them.
Naturopathic remedies, for example, rotokan or malavit. They contain extracts of useful plants, which are distinguished by anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous action.
To prepare the solution, you need to take 10 drops of the drug in a glass of warm water. The prepared solution is used for rinsing the mouth for no more than 7 days.
Borax solution. Used to relieve the severity of symptoms and aseptic processing. To do this, the affected area of the mucosa is treated up to 3 times a day for a week.

Procedures should be carried out carefully, as you can burn the mucous membrane.

Herbs

Active assistants in the elimination of symptoms this disease considered medicinal herbs. They have anti-inflammatory, regenerating and wound-healing effects.

The following fees give the most positive effect:

sage, chamomile, celandine, succession. To prepare the solution, you need to take 80 grams of a mixture of herbs and pour 250 ml of boiling water, then let it cool, and then use it for irrigation of the mucous membrane and ingestion;
birch, oregano, wild rose. Promote rapid tissue regeneration and improve their trophism. To prepare a decoction, you need to take 1 liter of boiling water, which pour 7 tablespoons of raw materials.
After this, the broth must be allowed to brew for a day and after that it should be used for rinsing;
St. John's wort, cinquefoil, eryngium. The decoction is prepared at the rate of: 3 teaspoons per 2 cups of hot water. The mixture is infused for about 2 hours, then used for rinsing.

Folk remedies

From a large number folk remedies The most effective are those that have an astringent and anti-inflammatory effect. Most often, the following means are used to stop candidal stomatitis:

mucosal treatment carrot juice, viburnum or cabbage. It is applied directly to erosion 4 times a day;
overlay applications with rosehip oil or sea buckthorn, which is carried out up to 6 times a day;
used for faster tissue healing gruel of garlic, onion and honey that actively kill pathogens. The slurry is allowed to be applied to the wounds for 15 minutes no more than 2 times a day;
also effective tool is considered to be a pasta prepared on the basis of honey, fish oil and xeroform. It is used about 3 times a day until erosion disappears completely;
juice or gruel from aloe. To do this, ground aloe is applied to the inflamed area for 30 minutes twice a day.

Candidiasis stomatitis, oral candidiasis, candidiasis of the oral mucosa, and in the common people - thrush - these are all synonyms for the same disease caused by yeast-like fungi. It would seem that there is enough of everything in the oral cavity (! The dirtiest environment in the body!), But definitely not mushrooms. But no, these fungi live on their epithelium and, under conditions, turn into pathogens. In the article, we consider the etiology, symptoms and diagnosis of candidal stomatitis.

ETIOLOGY OF CANDIDOSIS STOMATITIS

The etiology of candidal stomatitis, as you could understand above, is simple. That is, the cause of candidal stomatitis is yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. Let's get to know them. These mushrooms are classified as imperfect mushrooms, DEUTEROMYCETAMS, which have a complex structure. First, they have cell wall, which consists of 5-6 layers, secondly, there is a perforating organ that acts on the host cells, thirdly, it has significant differences in comparison with other yeast-like fungi.

The difference between fungi of the genus Candida and other yeast-like fungi is as follows:

The ability to grow in an environment with a temperature of 30 -37 degrees Celsius;
The optimal environment is slightly acidic / acidic (pH = 5.8 - 6.5) $
The ability to ferment carbohydrates (the main source of nutrition);
Aerobes (love oxygen);
Choose media with glycogen.

In general, candida is conditionally pathogenic fungi, which means that in the absence of factors, they are basically safe. But as soon as there is a change in this balance, they become pathogenic. That is, you need to know and understand exactly what conditions lead to the activation of the pathogenicity of fungi of the genus Candida. After all, the main role here is played not by pathogenicity factors, but by the state of the immune defense of the human body. Of course, the pathogenicity of fungi of the genus Candida for animals and humans is different. For humans, the most dangerous candida albicans, for children - Candida tropicalis.

PREDISPOSIVE FACTORS TO CANDIDOSIS STOMATITIS

Factors that contribute to activation pathogenic factors candida, the following:

Decrease in the body's defenses - immunity (and who else remembers anything, I will clarify: it is cellular immunity);
The presence of congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies;
Violations metabolic processes, endocrine disorders (for example, diabetes mellitus, amenorrhea, iron deficiency, etc.)
Avitaminosis (especially vitamins B1, B2, B12, which are involved in the suppression of the action of microorganisms)
Acute infectious diseases, or exacerbations of chronic diseases;
Diseases of the female genital organs;
Long-term use oral contraceptives;
Pregnancy;
Large burns;
Rickets;
prematurity;
Oncology;
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
Taking antibiotics, large doses of drugs, immunosuppressants;
Labor conditions. It has been observed that people working in hydrolysis-yeast plants, in factories for the production of antibiotics, beer and other alcoholic beverages, are more likely to suffer from candidal stomatitis;
Failure to comply with the rules of personal hygiene;
Non-compliance with cleanliness and order in household items (candida can be found on children's toys, plates, cups, etc.);
The use of unwashed vegetables, fruits;
In infants, most often candidal stomatitis is formed when they overheat, that is, when wearing tight pajamas, bulky swaddling, etc.
Artificial feeding of children up to 6 months;
Iatrogenic factors: sharp cracks of fillings, ill-fitting dentures, chemical burns formalin, arsenic pastes, etc. That is, everything that leads to a violation of the integrity of the oral mucosa.

As you can see, there are a lot of reasons and facts for the activation of Candida. Therefore, the approach to treatment should be adequate, and first of all, the CAUSE should be treated, and only then the manifestations.

PATHOGENESIS OF CANDIDOSIS STOMATITIS

The pathogenesis of candidal stomatitis is quite simple: the fungus is located on the surface of the oral mucosa or on the surface of the skin, and in the absence of damage or provoking factors, it does not penetrate into the epithelium; in the presence, of course, it penetrates and begins a visible pathology.

However, these are only two of the FIVE mechanisms of action of mushrooms on the body. Candidiasis is very serious problem, because it is able to spread to organs. So, after penetration into the epithelium, Candida is able to interact with macrophages and neutrophils. After that, it penetrates into the cells of such organs as the liver, heart, kidneys - granulomas are formed. And the very last and ominous stage is the penetration into the blood and the development of candidemia. Then comes death.

Therefore, in order to prevent this, we read further and remember J

SYMPTOMS OF CANDIDOSIS STOMATITIS

In the future, we will consider the symptoms of candidal stomatitis, even each form separately. Here I will only point out general symptoms with which the patient can seek help.

Symptoms of candidal stomatitis:

Pain when eating;
Pain at rest;
Burning;
Dry mouth;
Bad breath;
The presence of spots on the mucous membrane;
Perversion (change) of taste;
Bleeding gums;
Enlarged lymph nodes;
Increase in body temperature;

Most often, the wounds are located on the mucous membrane of the cheeks, palatine tonsils and lips with inside. Less common on the tongue and under the tongue.

DIAGNOSTICS OF CANDIDOSIS STOMATITIS

Diagnosis of candida stomatitis will be based on patient data and clinical examination by a specialist. In addition, to confirm the diagnosis of candidiasis stomatitis, it is necessary to carry out laboratory diagnostics. To do this, I do a scraping (smear) from the surface and send it to the laboratory. Materials are examined in the laboratory in 2 directions:

Crops on nutrient media - Sabouraud's medium, wort - agar or candida - agar;
Microscopy of stained smears.

Isolation of 300 colonies in 1 ml indicates candida. Detection more colonies at the initial sowing indicates candidiasis. But the diagnosis will be confirmed only by re-sowing and when the numbers are higher than 300 colonies per 1 ml.

ACUTE PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS CANDIDIOSIS

Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis is the most common form of candidiasis of the oral mucosa. Namely, acute pseudomembranous candidiasis is thrush, and not any other types of candidiasis. This I mean that not any stomatitis or candidiasis is a thrush. More often, the baby and weakened adults get sick.

Symptoms of acute pseudomembranous canidosis:

Complaints about the refusal of the child to feed;
Children are lethargic and capricious;
Complaints of pain when eating, burning and dry mouth.

Clinic of acute pseudomembrous canidosis:

On the oral mucosa - white or blue-white spots - plaque, like "curdled masses". Which in some cases are easily scraped off and a hyperemic surface is exposed. In other cases, plaque is difficult to scrape off, bleeds, and an eroded surface opens. The process often affects the tongue, palate, lips, but can spread to the pharynx, larynx and esophagus. In the absence of treatment, acute pseudomembranous candidiasis turns into acute atrophic candidiasis.

ACUTE ATROPHIC CANDIDIOSIS

Symptoms of acute atrophic candidiasis:

Complaints of dryness and burning in the mouth;
Pain when chewing, when talking;
Inability to open the mouth more widely;
Complaints of scales on the lips;
For dry and cracked lips.

Clinic of acute atrophic candidiasis:

The clinic of acute candidiasis stomatitis differs from the clinic of acute pseudomembranous canidosis in the absence of plaque.

In acute atrophic candidiasis, the mucosa is hyperemic, it is sooooo red, it is called fiery, it is also dry, which makes it difficult to open the oral cavity. There is no flight. On the tongue, papillary atrophy (i.e., smoothness of the pattern), the tongue is smooth and bright red. There may be teeth marks on the tongue. The red border of the lips is hyperemic, dry, with the presence of gray scales. In the corners of the lips - cracks and erosion.

CHRONIC HYPERPASTIC CANDIDIOSIS

Symptoms of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis:

Complaints of pain when taking spicy, hot food;
Perversion (change) of taste;
Burning in the mouth.

Clinic of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis:

On the hyperemic mucosa, the appearance of plaques ("cobblestone") is noted. plaques grey-white, tightly soldered to the mucosa, which, when removed, contributes to bleeding and soreness. Most often found on the back of the tongue. May spread to the tonsils, pharynx, throat, and esophagus.

CHRONIC ATROPHIC CANDIDIOSIS

Most often, chronic atrophic candidiasis is diagnosed in patients with mouth prostheses.

Symptoms of chronic atrophic candidiasis:

Complaints of burning;
Complaints about piss when eating;
Dry mouth complaints

Clinic of chronic atrophic candidiasis:

The mucosa under the prosthetic bed is edematous and hyperemic. In some places, an easily removable white coating. When withdrawing white plaque- hyperemic surface. In the corners of the mouth there are erosions, also covered with a white coating. There may be a lesion of the tongue: the tongue is smooth, the papillae are atrophied, the imprints of the teeth on the tongue. In some cases, hypertrophy of the filiform papillae is noted - "black hairy tongue"

TREATMENT OF CANDIDOSIS STOMATITIS

Treatment of candidal stomatitis should be strictly individual. Indeed, most often, as I said earlier, candidal stomatitis is a secondary disease, so it is necessary first of all to look for the cause and eliminate it.

Treatment of candidal stomatitis should be both general and local.

The general treatment for candidal stomatitis is:

Appointment of restorative therapy;
Prescribing antifungal drugs;
Prescribing diets with the exclusion of sweets and other carbohydrates. Food should be rich in fiber.

Preference is given to polyene antibiotics as the main remedy for the treatment of candidal stomatitis. Examples of drugs are nystatin, levorin (it is advisable to dissolve the tablet and throw it away, since polyene antibiotics are poorly absorbed by the body). Multivitamin complexes with B vitamins, calcium and iron are prescribed in parallel. Desensitizing therapy is also carried out with drugs such as diphenhydramine, suprastin.

Local treatment of candidal stomatitis is:

In the application of the mucosa with polyene antibiotics in the form of solutions or ointments for 14 days, 3-4 times a day;
In the appointment of alkaline applications with a 2-4% solution of sodium bicarbonate.
Thorough cleaning of the oral cavity professional hygiene, replacement of old and irrational orthopedic structures.

PREVENTION OF CANDIDOSIS STOMATITIS

Prevention of candidal stomatitis includes:

Proper prescription and use of antibiotics, antidepressants, etc.;
Timely treatment of diseases;
Planning for pregnancy;
Thorough cleaning of rooms;
Wetting only washed vegetables and fruits, fresh meat and dairy products;
Visit the dentist at least once every six months;
Mothers should provide the baby with clean nipples, bottles, and do not neglect hygiene.

Thanks for reading! Take care of yourself and your loved ones! 🙂

The article was written by N. Shidlovskaya. Please, when copying the material, do not forget to indicate the link to the current page.

Candidiasis Stomatitis-Etiology Symptoms Diagnosis updated: April 30, 2018 by: Valeria Zelinskaya

In the body of all people, Candida fungus lives in one quantity or another, which, under the influence of factors favorable for it, begins to actively multiply. As a result, candidal stomatitis occurs. What are the causes of this disease? How to recognize and cure it?

Causes

A lot of bacteria “live” in the oral cavity that control the “behavior” of the fungus. But sometimes the balance of power is disturbed, which leads to the development of stomatitis. The main factors that provoke the disease include:

Age. At risk are newborns with not yet fully formed immune systems and the elderly, whose body is gradually weakened.
Smoking. The components of tobacco smoke adversely affect the condition of the oral cavity: every more or less experienced smoker has tartar, gingivitis, periodontitis. Against the background of weakened local immunity, Candida “thrives”.
Taking certain medications. Antibiotics can cause dysbiosis. While the resident microflora is inhibited, pathogenic microorganisms are given "freedom of action".
Dentures. In most cases, such constructions are annoying. soft tissues and lead to inflammation. As a result, excellent conditions are created for the reproduction of the fungus.
Change in hormonal background. This is mainly experienced by pregnant women and women taking combined oral contraceptives. Sometimes candidal stomatitis occurs during menstruation.
Working with hazardous substances. A person who regularly comes into contact with pesticides, benzene and other "harmful things" by default suffers from reduced immunity. In this case, the reproduction of the fungus in the mouth is not the worst possible.
Some diseases. Mostly, diabetics, cancer patients, HIV-infected people, as well as people with disorders in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, suffer from candidal stomatitis.
Improper oral care. Careless attitude to hygiene and irregular brushing of teeth allow the fungus to multiply actively. At the same time, excessive use of mouth rinses also has a negative effect: dryness appears, which sooner or later leads to the development of candidal stomatitis.

Candida also does not "sleep" and at the first opportunity begins to show its destructive effect. In particular, the fungus

breaks down proteins of the oral mucosa;
destroys epithelial cells;
destroys red blood cells in the vessels of the soft tissues of the oral cavity;
adheres tightly to the mucosa.

Combination external factors and "personal characteristics" Candida provokes the development of the disease.

organism healthy person independently resists the fungus, but the slightest weakening of the immune system can cause "surrender" to the disease.

The fungus is transmitted from person to person. In the case of an adult, this can be a simple handshake; for newborns, the “inheritance” of Candida from the mother during the passage through birth canal, as well as infection through toys or pacifiers.

Symptoms of candidal stomatitis

The disease can occur either in acute or chronic form. Depending on this, the symptomatology is determined.

Form of stomatitis		Who is at risk	Main features
Acute	pseudomembranous stomatitis	newborns (especially premature babies and those suffering from bronchitis) people suffering from diabetes, cancer or blood disorders	White plaques on the mucosa, which gradually grow and form a whitish thick coating. Plaque is easily removed, revealing redness underneath. Over time, the disease becomes atrophic.
Acute	atrophic stomatitis	patients taking hormonal preparations and antibiotics	There is a strong redness and dryness of the mucous membrane, it becomes shiny. Curd plaque is absent. The patient feels a strong burning sensation and pain in the mouth. Sometimes there is a violation of taste sensations.
Chronic	hyperplastic stomatitis	tuberculosis patients and HIV-infected taking antibiotics and cytotoxic drugs	White plaques are noticeable on the mucous membrane, which very soon grow together and acquire a yellow tint. The plaque is scraped off poorly, in its place there are painful reddened areas that can bleed. The patient suffers from burning and dry mouth.
Chronic	chronic atrophic stomatitis	people wearing removable dentures	The patient acutely feels soreness, burning and dryness in the mouth. At the same time, plaque is practically absent and is found only in deep folds of the mucosa and on the lateral surfaces of the tongue.

Untreated acute candidiasis flows into chronic form, the symptoms of which are manifested rather sluggishly. From time to time, the signs of the disease intensify, especially when a person is weakened.

It should be noted that if stomatitis occurs against the background of immunodeficiency conditions or diabetes, then it always develops into a chronic one.

Advanced disease can affect the larynx, leading to difficulty breathing. It happens that a pathogenic fungus moves to the genitals and causes thrush already there.

Treatment

Antifungal drugs may be prescribed by a doctor. These are mainly Levorin, Pimafucin, Nystatin and Fluconazole. The course of treatment is 5-20 days, depending on the severity of symptoms.

Soda solution (1 tsp per 200 ml of warm water).
Aloe juice.
Tincture of calendula.
Candide solution 1% - 220 rubles. for 15 ml.
A solution of sodium tetraborate (borax) - 20 rubles. for 30 ml.
Spray Lugol - 120 rubles. for 50 ml.
Cream Clotrimazole - 70 rubles. for 20 years
Spray Parodontocide - 110 rubles. for 25 ml.

By agreement with the attending physician, it is possible to take vitamins or immunomodulatory drugs.

It is categorically impossible to treat the mucous with brilliant green or hydrogen peroxide: such a “treatment” will only aggravate the disease. A controversial point regarding honey: many advise to lubricate the affected areas with it, but in fact, honey contributes to the development of Candida.

To speed up the healing process, you need to follow a diet. From the menu will have to be excluded:

sweet - sweets, cakes, pastries, jam, honey;
fatty - fatty meats, sausages, smoked meats, dairy products, butter creams, mayonnaise;
flour - cookies, bread, buns, pies, pasta;
spicy - ginger, onion, garlic, pepper;
sour - lemon, cottage cheese, plums, vinegar, tomatoes.

Such products provoke the development of the fungus, and spicy and sour ones also injure the damaged mucosa even more. With candidal stomatitis, preference should be given to boiled dishes and grated food. It is also useful to drink herbal teas that increase immunity (drinks based on ginseng, elecampane, Chinese magnolia vine, thistle, sage, nettle, St. John's wort are very good).

Real getting rid of candidal stomatitis is possible only by increasing the body's resistance to external negative impacts. Recommended hardening, daily walks in the fresh air, sports, proper nutrition. In fact, if you start your day not with a sandwich in front of a computer monitor, but with a light morning jog, then not only candidal stomatitis, but also other diseases will remain in the past.

Candidiasis stomatitis in medical practice is quite rare. This disease tends to affect the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

To eliminate candidal stomatitis, doctors recommend resorting to complex treatment that involves taking medications, as well as the use of traditional medicine.

With the consistency of therapy with the doctor, the patient can count on recovery in the near future. Causes of pathology

Improper diet can affect the development of candidal stomatitis. If it lacks the necessary minerals and vitamins, it is likely that candidiasis in the mouth will begin to develop against a similar background.

The cause of the appearance of candidal stomatitis can be a stressful environment. If a person is very worried, a white coating of curdled mass may form on the tongue.

In such situations, until the mental state is completely balanced, one should not count on recovery.

Viral infection or bacteria can become causative agents of the candidal form of stomatitis.

If the immune system gives even the slightest failure, Candida mushrooms will immediately begin to act, detrimentally affecting the state of human health.

If the oral cavity, or rather the mucous membrane, is injured, candidiasis can also develop.

Very often, people with this type of pathology note that the progression of the disease began after biting the tongue or cheek.

This can also happen when eating solid food or when wearing a crown on the teeth.

The wound may subsequently heal without medical intervention, but sometimes it may be necessary to consult the attending physician in order not to face a complication of trauma to the oral mucosa in the future.

People with pathologies such as diabetes mellitus, Sjögren's syndrome, as well as pregnant women, are more susceptible to candidal stomatitis than others.

This is due to an increased amount of sugar in the blood, severe dry mouth, as well as changes in hormonal levels.

In cases of increased dry mouth, rinses should not be used on an ongoing basis. Such funds will further dry the mucous membrane, as well as the surface of the tongue, thereby provoking the disease.

Of course, do not forget about the importance of personal hygiene measures. In particular, this should be attributed to those people who wear dentures on a regular basis.

Candidiasis stomatitis in adults can be triggered by long-term use of antibacterial therapy.

Such cases are very common in practice. The thing is that antibiotics and corticosteroids lead to the development of an atrophic form of candidal stomatitis.

Candidal stomatitis in adults is accompanied by a strong burning sensation in the mouth, dryness, and there is also a lack of proper functioning of taste buds.

The doctor, upon examination, will find that the oral cavity has acquired a blood-red color, which has a glossy surface.

The mechanism of development of pathology

The disease is provoked by fungi, which are called Candida. They are present on the oral mucosa on a permanent basis, but their number is small.

With the weakening of the forces of the body, their active growth is observed. A similar phenomenon accompanies a decrease in immune defense, hormonal changes, HIV infection, tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus. Stomatitis is characterized by an extensive rash and plaque.

By consistency, it will resemble cottage cheese. As the pathology develops, erosion foci will appear under the formed cover. They will bring pain and discomfort to the patient.

Against the background of such a lesion, the mucosa will be hyperemic, and will also swell greatly. In the future, erosion will spread along the tissue membrane of the mouth, lips, as well as the area near these places.

Symptoms of the manifestation of pathology

Doctors distinguish between acute candidal stomatitis and chronic. In fact, the pathologies are very similar to each other. They are distinguished by only a few manifestations.

In the acute form of candidal stomatitis, a white coating will be present on the tongue and oral cavity (cheeks, gums). You can even see it with an untrained eye.

If there is a white coating, you can try to remove it with a cotton swab.

It will be removed very simply, but under the mass there will be a mucous membrane that has obvious symptoms confirming that inflammation is observed in the body.

It will be a bright scarlet hue, it may swell. Most people note that with candidal stomatitis it is very painful to eat, and discomfort is observed in the mouth.

If a child suffers from an illness, he will be very capricious, easily succumb to irritation, sleep poorly and even completely refuse sleep.

It is worth knowing how important it is to properly approach therapy if candidal stomatitis is diagnosed.

Treatment of adults and children will be complex and rather time-consuming. Otherwise, the disease easily becomes chronic. The patient will experience a burning sensation in the mouth, pain, and a feeling of difficulty swallowing.

The risk that the disease becomes chronic is also great if one of the pathologies such as AIDS, diabetes mellitus is present.

In this case, the oral cavity will undergo significant changes. It will acquire not only a red color, but also large foci of erosion, covered with a coating like a curd mass.

When candidiasis stomatitis is observed, the treatment of adults will be lengthy. The importance of therapy under the supervision of a doctor should not be underestimated, since other organs, such as the intestines, esophagus, or larynx, can suffer from the disease.

Diagnostic Measures

Only after examination by a specialist will it become clear how to treat candidal stomatitis. Not always cost only this procedure. Sometimes, laboratory tests are required.

The patient needs to contact the local dental clinic. The doctor will examine and learn about the patient's complaints.

Subsequently, the dentist will take a swab of the oral cavity. A PCR study may be required, a test for Candida antigens, which is an allergic intradermal, histology.

If there is no desired result after a sufficiently long therapeutic treatment, a dentist can refer the patient for consultations to an immunologist and a general practitioner. In the case of children, the help of a pediatrician will be required.

Therapeutic impact

The main goal of therapy will be to eliminate the source, which provoked candidal stomatitis.

Treatment of adults also involves the elimination of symptoms and the restoration of the mucous membrane, which was affected by the fungus.

The doctor prescribes a comprehensive course, including medications, therapeutic methods and home treatment.

It begins with the treatment of the oral mucosa. The dentist will numb the area with a gel or spray.

This procedure does not involve injection. Subsequently, the plaque is removed, for this purpose the doctor uses a special swab, which is dipped in an antiseptic.

The purpose of applying applications is to restore the mucous membrane. Subsequently, the patient will be assigned a treatment regimen that should not cause difficulties when performed independently.

The next visit can only be after a treatment course in the hospital, so that the doctor can assess how well candida stomatitis has been eliminated.

Treatment of adults allows to realize self-processing the affected area, and therefore it will not be necessary to visit the doctor every day until complete recovery.

Failure of the immune system has a direct relationship with candidal stomatitis, and therefore, in order to achieve success in therapeutic measures, it is worth resorting to a balanced diet.

It is necessary to saturate the patient's menu with vitamins and useful minerals. If possible, the food should not include harmful chemical components.

Therapeutic course of stomatitis in children

If the child is diagnosed mild form candidal stomatitis, the use of yolinol, soda, and aniline dye is provided, but with a 1% composition.

It is important to note that even after the elimination of obvious signs of candidiasis, it is not worth stopping the treatment of the mouth.

It is necessary to extend the treatment for a couple of days, after consultation with the doctor, the procedure can be stopped. This will avoid the recurrence of candidal infection with stomatitis.

With acute candidal stomatitis, modern antifungal agents should be used.

You do not need to resort to self-medication of the child. Such an arrogant act will not bring the desired effect, and it can harm the baby.

Only a doctor is able, after an internal consultation, to prescribe the drug and determine the dosage. The course of treatment will be determined on an individual basis.

In the treatment of candidal stomatitis in older children, in fact, as for adults, it is customary to use different antifungal agents.

They are prescribed by a doctor, because self-medication will not bring the desired effect. Some types of drugs from a pharmacy are accompanied by a number of contraindications, and therefore, if used incorrectly, can provoke a complication of a person's health.

The course of treatment also includes means to increase immunity. You will need to maintain oral hygiene.

If you follow the right course of treatment by the doctor, follow all his recommendations, then such measures will be enough to get rid of the pathology completely within 2 weeks.

With severe and medium degree the course of the pathology, it is planned to take Fluconazole, Mycosyst, Irunin, Itraconazole.

But you need to understand that only an experienced doctor is able to choose effective treatment, which does not harm the patient even more.

With candidal stomatitis, which struck the lips, you will need to use an antifungal ointment.

It can be Levorin or Nystatin ointment. When applying, use a small amount of the product to cover the affected area with a thin layer.

Do not apply ointment more than 2 times a day. It is necessary to exclude the possibility of getting the product into the mouth, and therefore after using it you should not eat for an hour and it is contraindicated to drink water for the same amount. The course of treatment will be 12 days.

The use of topical antiseptics will also help resist Candida. This is Dimexide, Miramistin or Furacilin.

Such solutions successfully remove the fungus, but do not greatly dry the mucous membrane of the mouth. Rinse your mouth 8 times a day. But in the case of Miramistin - no more than 4 times.

When taking into account the use of dentures, the patient must comply with hygiene recommendations.

The prosthesis must be washed with special means, using toothbrush. At night, it is better not to wear it at all, even if at this time the prosthesis is in a special solution of Chlorhexidine, you can easily buy it at a pharmacy, and even at a very nice price.

Undoubtedly, the treatment of candidal stomatitis requires both time and effort. But with the right attitude, recovery will come 100%.

during the treatment of stomatitis, you do not need to drink tea and coffee, as well as any other hot drinks. Emphasis should be placed on clean water, cool compote, juice. It is best to consume drinks with a straw;
priority will be soft foods that are easy to swallow. Forget about fast food. It is better to eat meat mousses, boiled vegetables and cereals. These foods should be included in your diet;
it is recommended to rinse your mouth with salted water. This must be done carefully;
those people who at least once suffered from the candidal form of stomatitis forever included themselves in the risk group. Can't be neglected preventive measures to prevent thrush, you need to follow a healthy diet, observe oral hygiene measures, and also not expose yourself to stressful situations;
when the first symptoms of the disease appear, you should not postpone your visit to the doctor. Only with the support of the attending physician can one achieve speedy deliverance from such an unpleasant ailment as stomatitis caused by the Candida fungus.

Active herbal treatment of candidal stomatitis

To eliminate the manifestation of unpleasant symptoms of pathology, it is recommended to use complex therapy herbal infusions and fees.

These funds are distinguished by a mass of useful effects. They can relieve inflammation, help wounds in the mouth heal faster, and also restore the immune system, filling the body with strength.

Collection of herbs for rinsing No. 1

The most popular herbs are string, chamomile, celandine and sage.

To make a useful solution, you need to take 20 gr. the above herbs and mix with 1 tbsp. boiling water. The tincture should stand until completely cooled.

After it is worth straining. That's all, with a useful collection, you can rinse your mouth 8 times a day with candidal stomatitis.

Collection of herbs for rinsing No. 2

In order to regenerate the tissues of the oral cavity, it is recommended to make a decoction of oregano, wild rose and birch herbs in an amount of 2 tbsp. each and 1 liter of boiling water.

The broth should be allowed to stand for 24 hours. Only after that it needs to be filtered. It is also used for rinsing the mouth.

Collection of herbs for rinsing No. 3

Not less than good reviews a decoction of St. John's wort, cinquefoil and bluehead is famous. Herbs need to take 1 tsp. and mix with 500 ml of boiling water.

Let the tincture stand for 2 hours and then strain it. Rinse in the same way as in the two previous cases, it costs 8 times a day.

Folk medicine recipes

Despite the fact that there are a lot of folk ways to relieve inflammation in the oral cavity, such recipes are distinguished from them.

You can use them for candidal stomatitis, but keep in mind that this should be done after consulting your doctor.

Each organism is individual, and therefore it is not known what effect can be expected with irrational use traditional medicine recipes.

Recipe 1

To stop the symptom and the development of candidal stomatitis, it is worth treating the mucous membrane with carrot, cabbage or viburnum juice.

Apply the composition to the formed erosion in the amount of 4 times a day.

Recipe 2

Applications based on sea buckthorn or rosehip oil will be useful. Such events should be carried out 6 times a day.

Recipe 3

To speed up the healing process of the oral mucosa, you need to take a gruel made from garlic, honey and onions. All this will destroy pathogenic microorganisms that provoke the development of the disease.

The gruel is applied for 15 minutes to the surface of the wounds. It is worth doing this 2 times a day. But it is not necessary to exceed the indicated dosage, it will only harm the patient.

Recipe 4

You can make a paste. It will contain honey, xeroform and fish fat. Components must be used in equal proportions.

Use the paste 3 times a day. The course of treatment is calculated until the erosion is cured.

Recipe 5

Aloe slurry can be applied to the inflamed cavity or the juice of the plant can be applied. The procedure takes 30 minutes in time. It should be done no more than 2 times a day.

Recipe 6

You can dry the wounds with blue, iodine or brilliant green. These agents have an antibacterial effect.

Only in spite of everything positive properties these funds, they should be used with great care, since the fact of irritation of the mucous membrane is not excluded.

Recipe 7

For the treatment of a severe form of the pathology of candidal stomatitis, it is worth using a solution of propolis. You can buy it at a pharmacy.

The tool is fast-acting, and therefore, in the first hours of its use, relief is possible.

Thanks to propolis, you can relieve inflammation and anesthetize the pain of the mucosa.

Recipe 8

Alum is an ancient folk remedy. For stomatitis, it should be diluted in water. In this case, you get a miraculous solution for rinsing your mouth.

If the mouth is affected, lotions with alum can be made. This will allow the wound to heal quickly.

Summing up

The candidiasis form of stomatitis is transmitted through the household and sexually as well. It is for this reason that one should not come into contact with a person who is sick with an ailment. You need to use separate household and cutlery.

A baby from a mother who is infected with vaginal thrush or has been ill with this disease during pregnancy can catch the disease.

Children can become infected by playing with an infected child's toys, and an adult can pick up the disease from a baby by licking the baby's pacifier. In the same case, there is a risk of infecting the child with stomatitis.

Do not forget about measures to prevent the disease and at the first manifestation of symptoms right decision going to see the doctor.

Useful video

Candidiasis stomatitis is a disease of the oral mucosa that occurs in children, adults and the elderly. Candidiasis has several types of pathogens and various reasons occurrence that determine the treatment strategy.

Pathogen

Candidiasis is a disease caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida.

The most common of them are: C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosia, C. glabrata.

C. albicans is found in the oral cavity in 60% of healthy adults, and it is she who causes candidal stomatitis in most cases.
C.glabrata is often the cause of oral candidiasis in the elderly, and C. parapsilosia detected in 50% of infants with Candida.
Candidiasis stomatitis in HIV-infected, diabetic and oncological patients is caused by rare species - C.sake, C.rugosa.

Video: candidiasis

Causes

Mushrooms of the genus Candida are conditionally pathogenic flora, and the incidence of candidal stomatitis depends on the state of the body.

Weakened immunity. The main role in the development of candidiasis is played by the state of the immune system. Weakening or imbalance of the immune system, including after chemotherapy and radiotherapy reduce the body's ability to fight infection.
Age. Newborns and infants are often exposed to the disease. The reasons for this are the balance of microflora in the oral cavity that has not been fully formed, as well as due to the immaturity of the immune system. The onset of the disease in the elderly contributes to the age-related decrease in immunity.
Long-term use of antibiotics. V Lately uncontrolled use of antibiotics has become commonplace. With their long-term use, the composition of the microflora of the oral cavity is disturbed, dysbacteriosis occurs. The resident microflora is suppressed, while the virulence of pathogenic microorganisms increases dramatically.
Dentures. Dentures often lead to the development of denture stomatitis, as a result of which the soft tissues of the mouth and gums become inflamed and irritated. These conditions are ideal for the reproduction of the fungus.
Smoking. A fact has been established: smokers are more susceptible to oral candidiasis than non-smokers.
Oral contraceptives. Taking oral contraceptives promotes the growth of the fungus.
Pregnancy. Pregnancy is accompanied by drastic changes in the hormonal background, which contributes to the activation of infections.
Work in a hazardous industry. Prolonged exposure to various chemical substances(benzene, pesticides) weakens the immune system and increases the risk of infections.
Immunodeficiency. Carriers of HIV infection are susceptible to severe forms candidal stomatitis, as the virus destroys the cells of the immune system. In this case, thrush can spread to the esophagus and intestines. Often, recurrent candidal stomatitis is the first sign of HIV infection.
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Diseases digestive system, especially achilia and decreased acidity gastric juice, often provoke the development of candidiasis of the oral cavity. A favorable background for the disease is a violation of carbohydrate metabolism (in diabetes mellitus).
Poor oral hygiene. Inadequate oral hygiene contributes to the reproduction of fungus and various microorganisms.

Types and symptoms

The manifestations of the disease can be very diverse and depend on the state of the immune system, the age of the patient, concomitant diseases, causes of candidiasis. In addition, a different clinical picture is observed in the acute and chronic process.

By clinical course Distinguish between acute and chronic candidal stomatitis. acute form Without proper treatment, it can become chronic.

Spicy

In an acute process, the symptoms are pronounced. General complaints may occur, such as weakness, fatigue, fever.

Acute candidiasis morphological features divided into pseudomembranous and atrophic.

pseudomembranous

Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis - thrush - one of the most common forms of the disease.

Predominantly infants, debilitated infectious disease, bronchitis, as well as premature babies. Adults get sick in the presence of concomitant diseases: diabetes, blood diseases, oncological diseases.

In infants, mothers note the appearance on the mucous membrane of the lips, tongue, cheeks, palate of white spots or white plaque, which accumulates in the form of plaques or films.

Photo: Candidal stomatitis in a child

With a mild degree of candidiasis, plaques are easily removed, leaving a focus of hyperemia in its place.

In severe cases, plaque foci merge and spread to the entire mucous membrane of the mouth. When scraping, such a plaque exfoliates with difficulty, and erythema or bleeding erosions are found under it.

Sick children become lethargic, capricious, sleep poorly, refuse to eat. Adults complain of dryness, swelling of the mucous membrane, discomfort and pain while eating. Untreated pseudomembranous candidiasis can become atrophic.

atrophic

Acute atrophic candidiasis develops most often due to prolonged use of antibiotics and hormonal drugs.

The disease is characterized by severe soreness, burning and dryness of the oral mucosa. There is no flight. Sometimes crusts form on the red border of the lips. General state usually not affected. The taste may be distorted.

On examination, the mucous membrane is fiery red, dry, shiny. The filiform papillae of the tongue are atrophied.

Video: how to treat thrush in the mouth

Chronic

V chronic stomatitis may pass untreated acute processes. Symptoms are usually poor.

hyperplastic

The disease develops in people who take cytostatics, antibiotics, in patients with tuberculosis, blood diseases, and in HIV-infected people.

When viewed on a hyperemic mucosa, white plaques are noticeable, merging with each other. Over time, they flatten and become yellowish in color. Spread throughout the mucous membrane, in the throat. When scraping, the plaque exfoliates heavily, leaving hyperemic bleeding erosion in place.

Depending on the site of the lesion, candidal glossitis, cheilitis, angular cheilitis (zaedy), palatinitis, pareitis are distinguished. Patients complain of burning, dry mouth. In the presence of erosion, soreness is noted.

atrophic

Chronic atrophic candidiasis often occurs in people who wear removable lamellar dentures.

Objectively, under the prostheses, the mucous membrane is hyperemic, edematous, dry. Plaque can be seen only in deep folds and on the lateral surfaces of the tongue. Patients complain of dry mouth, burning and soreness when wearing a prosthesis.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis is based on typical patient complaints and clinical picture. Most of the time this is enough. In some cases, laboratory tests are needed.

The diagnosis is confirmed by the detection of fungi of the genus Candida in a scraping from the surface of the affected areas of the oral mucosa. Normally, fungi of the genus Candida are present in the oral cavity in small quantities.

At microscopic examination they are found as single yeast-like cells. In case of candidal stomatitis, clusters of budding and non-budding cells, as well as thin, branching filaments of pseudomycelium, are detected in the test preparation.

In acute candidiasis, the scraping preparation is dominated by cellular forms, round, partially budding. In chronic - chains of rounded elongated budding cells and threads of pseudomycelium.

The diagnosis of this disease can be confirmed by conducting an allergy test with a polysaccharide antigen of various fungi.

Photo: Pseudomycedial filaments of the Candida fungus under a microscope

There is a method of express diagnostics. For this, fungi of the genus Candida are incubated with epithelial cells in a ratio of 1:100 for 1.5-2 hours in a thermostat. At a concentration of 16 or more fungal cells per epithelial cell, the diagnosis is confirmed.

In addition to these laboratory research, may be required general analysis and blood glucose, as well as advice from other specialists.

How to treat

Treatment involves:

complex etiotropic therapy of candidiasis,
concomitant diseases,
correction of the immune system,
improving oral hygiene,
symptomatic therapy.

Mild forms of candidiasis are treated at home.

Preparations

For the treatment of candidiasis, drugs of general and local action are used. How to treat candidal stomatitis in a particular case is determined by a dentist, mycologist or infectious disease specialist.

For general treatment

General drugs are prescribed for chronic, erosive-ulcerative, granulomatous, hyperplastic candidiasis, which is combined with skin and nail lesions, as well as for the ineffectiveness of local therapy.

For treatment, preparations of fluconazole, itraconazole, ketonazole, nystatin in the form of tablets in a course of 5-7 days are used.

Photo: Diflucan (fluconazole) and nystatin

To reduce dryness in the oral cavity and fungicidal action, a solution of potassium iodide 2-3% is prescribed. Iodine stimulates salivation, and also destroys the fungus, being released through the skin and mucous membranes.

As a general strengthening action, vitamins of group B, C and PP, calcium gluconate and iron preparations are prescribed.

For local action

Preparations for the local treatment of candidiasis are used in most cases. They are available in the form of rinses, ointments, gels, sprays, chewable tablets and caramels, and are divided into antimycotics and antiseptics.

Topical polyene antimycotics include levorin, nystatin, amphotericin. To imidazole - econazole, clotrimazole, miconazole.

Topical tablets should be in the mouth as long as possible, that is, they should be chewed and kept in the mouth. Gels and ointments work best in the form of applications. The course of therapy is 2-3 weeks.

Of the antiseptics, a solution of potassium permanganate is used for rinsing, boric acid and iodine water.

Photo: Potassium permanganate solution

Of the modern drugs, chlorhexidine bigluconate, Hexoral, suspensions of Levorin, Natamycin, Amphotericin have a good effect.

Rinse should be at least 3 times a day, after meals.

Folk remedies

Of the folk remedies, the most effective and affordable are decoctions of herbs with astringent and anti-inflammatory effects. They can be rinsed in the mouth or used in the form of lotions.

Carrot, raspberry, cranberry and viburnum juice also effectively acts as a rinse.

Applications with olive oil, rosehip oil and sea buckthorn quickly cure candidiasis, as they have wound healing, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

During the treatment of candidiasis ethnoscience recommends eating onions, garlic, spices, as they contain substances that inhibit the growth of the fungus.

Diet

Diet during oral candidiasis is needed to alleviate pain syndrome, the fight against the fungus itself, as well as in order to increase the body's defenses.

Basic principles of nutrition:

Eliminate or reduce to a minimum consumption of simple carbohydrates;
Exclude the use of canned food, semi-finished products, fast food, alcohol;
Exclude products containing yeast (bread, bakery products, beer);
fill the ration fermented milk products and products containing fiber;
The basis of the diet is boiled meat, vegetables, legumes, cereals, stale bread.

Prevention

Prevention of candidal stomatitis is to avoid disease-provoking factors.

Important:

keep the immune system at a high level;
rationally take antibiotics;
brush your teeth and mouth regularly;
regularly undergo medical examinations, including dental;
avoid injury to the oral mucosa;
Keep your dentures clean and take them off at night.

For the prevention of oral candidiasis in patients with immunodeficiencies, antifungal drugs are prescribed.

To prevent infection with a fungus of newborns and children under one year old, the mother must adhere to the following principles:

treat candidiasis during pregnancy, especially in the last month;
regularly wash and sterilize baby bottles, nipples, pacifiers;
breastfeed your baby (strengthening the immune system);
clean the nipples with a clean towel before each feeding.