Vulgar acne. Causes, treatment at home, photos. Traditional recipes for the treatment of acne vulgaris

Treatment of acne vulgaris must be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. When a pathology appears, the use of cosmetics alone will not help to cope with it, since they do not eliminate the root cause of the disease and have only a temporary effect.

Some parents believe that it is not necessary to treat rashes that appear during puberty, as they will go away over time. This opinion is erroneous; not only can a teenager experience complexes about his appearance, but after the acne disappears, post-acne may develop.

Acne vulgaris or acne is a chronic skin disease that usually occurs during puberty and is characterized by purulent inflammation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Most often they are located on the face and back, but sometimes the rash appears on other parts of the body: shoulders, chest, ears and neck.

For therapy to be successful, it is necessary to find out what can provoke it.

The main reason for the formation of acne is considered to be a change in hormonal levels during puberty, which is accompanied by an increase in the level of steroid hormones- androgens.

As a result, the secretion of the sebaceous glands increases, sebum becomes thick and viscous and clogs the ducts on the skin, in which optimal conditions are created for the proliferation of pathogenic microbes.

In addition, the causes of acne vulgaris may be the following:

diseases of the digestive system, inflammatory processes of the gastrointestinal tract negatively affect the condition of the skin, which is manifested by a rash;
genetic predisposition;
taking certain medications, such as lithium, bromine and iodine preparations, steroids, anticonvulsants, prednisolone, using birth control pills that contain pure progesterone;
abuse of sweet, spicy and salty foods;
diseases endocrine system;
excessive sweating;
changes in hormonal balance, which are usually observed during gestation and during menstruation;
gynecological diseases (polycystic disease);
weakened immunity;
drinking alcohol and smoking;
artificial insolation (some experts believe that the UV rays of the sun have a positive effect on the condition of the skin and help eliminate acne);
occupational factors (for example, construction dust, high temperatures, working with halogenated hydrocarbons, which cause chloracne);
strong emotional experiences;
failure to maintain facial and body hygiene;
excess cosmetics, such as powder, foundation, which clog skin pores and worsen its condition;
atrophy of the sebaceous glands;
follicular hyperkeratosis, in which the disease is due to excessive growth of the stratum corneum of the skin, dead particles of the epidermis clog the passages, and acne appears;
touching skin with dirty hands;
seborrhea, due to the disease, oily scalp clogs the pores and sebaceous glands, which causes acne vulgaris.

Acne therapy

Treatment of the disease should be carried out by a specialist. A dermatologist deals with this problem, but you may need to consult a gynecologist, endocrinologist, andrologist, or infectious disease specialist.

Before starting therapy, the doctor will find out what was the root cause of the deterioration of the skin condition, collect a complete medical history, and find out whether any of the immediate family suffered from acne. It is worth telling him in detail about your gastronomic preferences; perhaps they provoked the disease.

Also, before treatment, the doctor will prescribe a series of tests to identify which pathologies could become provoking factors for the deterioration of the skin condition and cause the development of acne:

Ultrasound of the pelvis (prostate, ovaries);
tests to determine the level of the hormone in the body; in case of deviations and the results of the study are received, the doctor can select drugs that normalize it, after which the acne may go away;
blood biochemistry;
scraping the contents from the eels and then sowing it onto a nutrient medium in order to identify the causative agent of the disease and determine its sensitivity to antibiotics.

Only after these tests can treatment of acne begin and any medications be selected, otherwise the pathological process may worsen.

Treatment of the disease should be comprehensive and include:

antibiotic therapy;
drugs that enhance immunity, including multivitamins;
irradiation of the skin where pathological formations are located with a quartz lamp, laser therapy;
wiping the skin with antiseptics (calendula tincture, boric and chloramphenicol alcohol);
local acne treatment;
if necessary, prescribing medications that normalize hormone levels.

Depending on the severity of the pathology, antibiotics can be prescribed locally or orally. Most often, medications are prescribed containing clindamycin and erythromycin in the form of gels, creams, powders for preparing a solution for external use (Zinerit, Clindamycin).

You cannot use ointments to treat acne, as they are greasy and will clog the pores, causing the skin condition to worsen and acne to progress. For severe clinical picture antibiotics are prescribed orally, preference is given to macrolides and penicillins (Azithromycin, Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Sumamed, Flemoxin Solutab).

In this case, in parallel, you need to take medications that restore the intestinal microflora, otherwise its function will be impaired, which will negatively affect the condition of the skin and will negate all treatment of acne vulgaris.

Antimicrobial drugs with benzoyl peroxide (Baziron AS), azelaic acid (Skinoren), which have proven themselves well in the treatment of acne vulgaris, are often prescribed.

They are practically not absorbed when used externally and rarely provoke unwanted reactions. In addition, bacteria that cause inflammation do not develop resistance to them.

Retinoids, which are analogues of vitamin A, can be used to treat acne vulgaris. Differin, produced in the form of a gel and cream, belongs to this group. Active component The medicine is adapalene, which acts on the mechanism of the appearance of the rash. It has an exfoliating effect and relieves inflammation.

If the appearance of a rash on the skin is caused by a hormonal imbalance, then oral contraceptives are prescribed.

For normalization state of mind Sedative herbs (valerian, motherwort) may be prescribed.

An important point in the treatment of acne is diet therapy, giving up bad habits: smoking, physical inactivity.

After consultation with a healthcare professional, you can use traditional medicine recipes to treat acne:

You can cure the rash with viburnum juice. To do this, moisten a sterile bandage and apply it to problem areas for 5-10 minutes.
Wipe acne with aloe juice every day for 40 days, which will draw out pus and relieve inflammation.
To get rid of problems on your back, add chamomile infusion to the bath and make lotions with it to eliminate acne on your face. To prepare it, 1 tbsp. Pour a glass of boiling water over the medicinal raw materials; as soon as it cools down, you can use it. Each time you need to prepare a fresh infusion, otherwise the effect of its use will decrease.
Wipe your skin morning and evening with lemon, which has an antimicrobial and whitening effect.
If the rash is caused by a metabolic disorder, then in order to get rid of it it is useful to take dandelion decoction orally. To prepare it, take 1 tbsp. roots, place them in a saucepan, pour a glass of boiling water, put on low heat and boil for 15 minutes. After this, remove the dishes from the stove, after 45 minutes, filter the broth. Take 1/3 cup orally 15 minutes before main meals.
Mix yeast with water or chamomile infusion. Apply the mask to the skin and wash off after 20 minutes. Do it 2 times a week.

Often, after the rash goes away, scars remain in their place and hyperpigmentation appears, to eliminate which you can use special masks:

Combine cinnamon powder with honey in a 1:1 ratio, apply the resulting mixture to age spots and remove after 20 minutes.
Cucumber juice will help remove age spots. To do this, apply cucumber pulp to the skin and leave for 15 minutes.

To reduce the risk of acne, you should follow the following skin care recommendations:

when the first signs of acne appear, it is necessary to use medications that stop the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and the further spread of the rash;
follow a diet, exclude sweets, flour and spicy foods from the diet, include fish, lean meat, raw fruits and vegetables in the menu, if necessary, you can take vitamin and mineral complexes;
strengthen the immune system, lead an active lifestyle;
maintain personal hygiene, use cosmetics in accordance with your skin type;
wash and cleanse your face 2 times a day, after which apply a moisturizer to reduce moisture loss;
carry out peeling using products that contain fruit acids;
Do not touch the skin of your face with your hands unless necessary;
if it is possible to exclude professional harmful factors, such as work on a construction site, in a hot shop and near a stove, which also often cause infection;
it is important to learn how to cope with stress correctly;
use of water-based cosmetics;
maintain a daily routine, devote enough time to rest;
You should not squeeze out acne yourself, as in this case it is possible to get an infection, which will aggravate the situation.

If acne vulgaris occurs, treatment should begin as early as possible. This must be done under the supervision of a doctor. No two cases are alike, and only he can help identify what caused acne vulgaris and select an adequate treatment regimen for the disease. Therapy is sometimes lengthy; for many, acne does not go away until after puberty.

Acne vulgaris: causes and treatment

Acne vulgaris(“acne vulgaris”, Acne vulgaris, “seborrheic acne”, “hormonal acne”, “teenage rash”) - white and red pimples that most often appear on the back and décolleté, on the face.

Sometimes rashes appear in people in adulthood(connected with hormonal disorders, health problems).

The appearance of red and white dots and inflammation on the body is not life-threatening, but brings self-doubt and psychological discomfort.

Acne vulgaris: what is it? Let's understand medical terms

Acne vulgaris (acne, acne vulgaris) - a type of acne that occur against the background of seborrhea.

Seborrhea - a dermatological problem, which is manifested by increased formation of sebum, high oiliness of the skin of the back, décolleté, and face; Ultimately, increased sebum production leads to changes in the composition and structure of the skin in certain areas.

Acne vulgaris develops on the face, upper chest, and back, since here is the maximum concentration of sebaceous glands per 1 cm2. If in other areas it is 100 glands per 1 cm2, then here it is 900 (!).

Thus, acne vulgaris has the following characteristics:

Relapses (if there were severe rashes in adolescence, they can recur at 30 years old, and at 40, and at 50).
Appears during puberty (most often, but not always).
Rash on areas rich in sebaceous glands.
The color of the rash is red and white, peeling, a desire to scratch and “tear” the skin may be observed.

A cosmetic disease has a special code (according to ICD-10: L70.0), which is used to designate this disease in the scientific community.

Acne occurs until about 25 years of age., then become less noticeable and pronounced.

What are the causes of the dermatological problem? Why does she appear?

The development of Acne vulgaris is provoked by pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal dysbiosis is also often found among the causes of the problem.

Stressful situations, previous operations and surgical interventions, unfavorable environmental conditions in a city or a particular region.

General decrease in immunity. It may be associated with periodic deterioration (for example, seasonal vitamin deficiency in January-February), with iron deficiency in the body and other problems.

A decrease in immunity is caused by vitamin deficiencies; the problem arises due to a lack of vitamin A, E, group B, as well as other beneficial substances.

Endocrinological pathology. Here it is worth mentioning hormonal dysfunctions (for example, androgens are important, which regulate the development of the sebaceous glands, sebum secretion processes, and affect follicular keratinization).

Functional as well as organic damage to the nervous system.

How does skin acne form? Why do they appear on the back, face and décolleté? Sequence of physiological processes

Violated natural circulation of certain hormones in the body (for the reasons that we listed just above).
Arises lipid imbalance in the body.
Increases sebum production. This causes a decrease in the concentration of linoleic acid. In turn, this factor automatically leads to the appearance of pathological follicular hyperkeratosis.
Arises excessive follicular hyperkeratosis. This disease creates positive and favorable anaerobic conditions (in other words, a “nutrient medium” for the development of P.acnes and the occurrence of comedones.
Happening active division and reproduction of Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes). Additionally, sebum is hydrolyzed by bacterial lipases to free fatty acids. This activates the process of inflammation and the appearance of unsightly rashes and comedones.
Appears severe inflammation, which gradually begins to “spread” throughout the “pathogenic area”.

Treatment of acne vulgaris: starting with diagnosis

“Acne vulgaris” is a diagnosis, and the disease requires professional treatment with antibiotics, hormonal drugs, ointments, talkatives and other substances.

To make a diagnosis, a dermatologist will send you for tests (you may need to consult a urologist, gynecologist, or endocrinologist).

To make a diagnosis you will need to be examined and have the level set:

After this, the dermatologist sends it for rinsing from the mucous membranes. oral cavity, as well as for washing (“scraping”) the affected areas of the skin. This is necessary in order to confirm or refute gram-negative folliculitis.

They may refer you for an ultrasound prostate gland, as well as testicles, adrenal glands; for an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs. Of course, a complete blood count and a complete urinalysis will come in handy (they are standard).

At chronic form acne vulgaris of moderate severity, it is recommended not only to use antibiotics and hormonal drugs, but also undergo a course of treatments in the salon (laser or light therapy).

To carry out procedures apply ultraviolet irradiation , but it is not always able to overcome the problem 100%. Modern dermatological offices have lamps with blue, whose wavelength is 440 nm.

If possible, undergo this treatment: the depth of the waves is destructive for pathogenic microorganisms, so the skin condition noticeably improves after just 2-3 procedures.

It has been proven that the blue ray 440 nm activates the processes of oxygen release. This reduces the activity of anaerobic pathogens.

How to treat acne vulgaris? An integrated approach + knowledge of the types of rashes

Papular. They have a pink or bluish-red tint, reach 4 mm in diameter, and do not cause unpleasant sensations when touched. Treatment requires internal and external antibiotics, the course lasts up to 12 days.
Pustular. They can transform from papular (if you do not eliminate them in time). In appearance they resemble ostiofolliculitis or folliculitis, but are not as painful. Elimination requires a diet + a set of cosmetic procedures + antibiotics or hormonal drugs (depending on the cause of the disease).
Abscess. Appears on back surface neck, may occur in upper sections chest or back in those suffering from dermatosis.

Phlegmonous. Red or burgundy acne, which may reach 1 cm in diameter, surrounded by edema.

Inductive. Painful when touched, bluish-pink nodes that develop over 3-4 weeks. They are treated only with complex methods using external and internal agents.

Drain. Appear at the confluence of abscess, phlegmonous, and also indurative; are painful blue-red, burgundy, and sometimes brown lesions on areas of the skin, accompanied by purulent processes and painful sensations when touched. Treatment of acne vulgaris with antibiotics is not enough: surgical intervention is often required.

Conglobate. They represent true pyoderma, are difficult to eliminate, and require a careful and professional approach.

Inverse. They arise due to the activity of bacteria - coagulase-positive staphylococcus. Often localized in the axillary, inguinal or perianal areas, they can be located under the mammary glands. They are similar in external shape to boils, but are characterized by the absence of a necrotic core.

Treatment of acne vulgaris with antibiotics, ointments and folk remedies

Treatment of mild acne vulgaris

The doctor may prescribe antibiotics (2% erythromycin or tetracycline cream) to be applied to the affected areas. At this stage, you can also use mash based on salicylic acid, calendula tincture and other substances.

Treatment of moderate acne vulgaris

You can't get by with antibiotics and masks alone.. For severe inflammatory lesions, specialists Retin-A is recommended(there is a gel and cream based on it). The drug eliminates blockages and protects against follicular hyperkeratosis.

If you are going to use antimicrobials containing benzoyl peroxide, be careful! The product can severely burn the skin, so you should start using it with small “concentrations”: gel Oxy-5, Oxy-10 and so on.

Well-known antibiotics are used for treatment:

Dosage, regimen, amount of medication, course duration depend on the individual characteristics of the patient and the characteristics of the rash.

After a month of therapy(if there is no negative reaction from the body or side effects), the doctor may prescribe another remedy for the intestinal microflora. The fact is that bacteria quickly get used to the effects of the drug and adapt to it.

Treatment of severe acne vulgaris

The severe stage of the disease is accompanied by numerous lesions, painful sensations and even necrotic processes. To treat the skin at this stage, a course of local and oral medications is used.

If antibiotics turned out to be ineffective in treating acne in girls, then antiandrogen drugs are prescribed, the doctor may prescribe oral contraceptives with an estrogen profile.

It affects all parts of the pathogenesis of acne.
Reduces sebum production.
Slows down the proliferation of epithelial cells of the ducts of the fatty glands.

What should be the diet for effective treatment of Acne vulgaris?

The diet prescribes care for the cells and tissues of your body, refusal of dairy, fatty foods, store-bought smoked meats, sweets, confectionery products (especially those created on an industrial scale in factories).

I'll have to refuse from alcoholic drinks, “artificial” store-bought juices.

It has been proven that creating a favorable environment for the development of acne vulgaris fatty foods: sausage, ham, meat, store-bought smoked meats (therefore they will also have to be abandoned).

The diet should include fresh vegetables and fruits, low-fat foods, porridge (semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat), and cereals. The duration is the same as the treatment.

Be careful with oatmeal: Excessive consumption can cause a large number of red pimples on the forehead, cheeks, neck and other areas of the skin.

Acne vulgaris - what is it? Treatment options

Acne is a common occurrence, but only 30% of patients seek treatment from a specialist. People who have purulent inflammation sebaceous glands and hair follicle, do not suspect that it is serious problem. They use different cosmetical tools, such as Black Mask– a mask for acne and blackheads. Such compositions do not completely eliminate the problem, but only temporarily suppress the manifestations of the disease. Acne vulgaris requires treatment, even if there is a mild form of the disease. The presence of rashes is not a physiological norm.

Acne vulgaris is the result of an inflammatory process in the tissues of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Often the reason lies in the penetration of an infection into the body, such as staphylococcal. Microbes enter the bloodstream through cracks and other breaks in the skin and spread throughout the body. The infection begins to spread rapidly, causing rashes to appear. At the same time, acne vulgaris manifests itself in a variety of ways. Inflammation develops in those areas of the skin where many sebaceous glands are located. Typically, most acne occurs on the face, back, and chest.

The essence and causes of acne

The initial stage of acne is comedones or so-called blackheads. The mouth of the hair follicle is closed by a plug formed by secretions of the sebaceous glands and particles of the keratinized upper layer of the epidermis. The next stage in the development of the disease is the addition of a secondary infection. The infiltrative process begins at the base of the sebaceous plug. The inflamed area becomes painful.

The occurrence of acne at this age is associated with changes in hormonal levels:

1. An increase in the production of androgens, both in girls and boys, causes stimulation of the sebaceous glands.

2. The composition and consistency of the secretion produced by the glands undergoes major changes. Its viscosity and thickness increases. It is more difficult for sebum to be released from the ducts, and the pores become clogged. Under the influence of oxygen and pollution, oxidation occurs and a sebaceous plug is formed, then comedones and acne.

3. Stimulation of keratinization of the epidermis leads to the fact that the upper stratum corneum of the skin exfoliates more slowly. Its particles clog pores, creating favorable conditions for the appearance of acne.

If a teenager’s body is weakened, a bacterial infection sets in very quickly, which leads to the formation of acne vulgaris. Particles of the epidermis and sebum create a favorable environment for the occurrence of an inflammatory process in the skin. Against this background, a bacterial infection quickly develops.

The main causes of acne on the face and body are:

Hormonal disbalance. Any changes contribute to a decrease in immunity. At the same time, the function of the sebaceous glands increases.
Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The quality of the skin deteriorates. The resistance of the epidermis to bacterial infections decreases.
Instability of psychological or emotional state provokes stress. This entails a decrease in the protective properties of the skin.
Endocrinological diseases.
Gynecological problems.

For a rash to occur, it is not necessary that several factors be present; 1-2 are sufficient.

Drug treatment of acne

For vulgar acne moderate severity use retinoids. Reviews indicate that Retin-A gel and cream help well. It eliminates plugs in pores and hyperkeratosis in hair follicles. Antimicrobial drugs based on benzoyl peroxide begin to be used in low concentrations. Antibiotics erythromycin, doxycycline, tetracycline are combined with the probiotic Bifidumbacterin and Nystatin. This normalizes the intestinal microflora. Therapy continues for at least a month. Then the specialist changes the remedy to prevent the development of addiction to such treatment.

In severe cases of the disease and the ineffectiveness of antibiotics, girls may be prescribed antiandrogen drugs or oral contraceptives with estrogen. A powerful remedy against complicated, inflamed acne is Isotretinoin, which is an artificial analogue of vitamin A. It slows down the development of acne.

How to get rid of acne at home?

In addition to medicinal methods of treating acne vulgaris in adolescents, there are ways that will help at home:

Compress with viburnum juice. The berries are crushed in a blender and squeezed. A piece of gauze is moistened with juice. The compress is applied to problem areas and left for 5-10 minutes.
No less effective against acne and acne is a compress with aloe juice. It is able to draw out pus from the deepest layers of the skin. But, judging by the reviews, to achieve best result Do compresses regularly, after at least 40 sessions.
An effective remedy for acne on the face in teenagers is an alcohol tincture of propolis. Moisten her face at night. In the morning, cleanse the skin with lotion. The procedure is repeated regularly for a month.
If your facial skin is very oily and acne-prone, it is recommended to wipe problem areas with a slice of lemon twice a day. It has a drying and bactericidal effect.
An effective folk remedy for treating acne at home is a mummy mask. A spoonful of the substance is mixed with boiled water until a thick paste forms. Heat a couple of spoons of honey in a water bath and add to the mixture. The mask is applied to a cleansed face for 20-25 minutes and washed off warm water.

Herbal decoctions will help get rid of acne vulgaris and rosacea:

You can prepare chamomile infusion at home. A spoonful of raw materials is brewed with 200 ml of boiling water and infused for half an hour. Then the prepared composition is moistened with gauze, which is applied to the face for 5 minutes. If the pimple is localized on the body - back, chest, then take baths with chamomile infusion.
Dandelion infusion will help cure rashes of various etiologies at home. To prepare it, pour 200 ml of hot water into a tablespoon of plant material, boil over low heat for a quarter of an hour and cool for another 45 minutes. The infusion is filtered and taken orally. The composition should be drunk warm, one-third of a glass three times a day, a quarter of an hour before meals. If acne was caused by a disease associated with a metabolic disorder, then it should disappear.
A decoction of burdock roots has a similar effect. A tablespoon of raw material is poured into 0.5 liters of water and boiled for 10 minutes. The infusion is filtered and cooled. You need to be treated by taking it ¼ cup four times a day.

For acne and pimples on the face and body, a strong antiseptic and herbal antibiotic - tea tree oil - will help relieve the condition. It should be applied to problem areas with inflammation three times a day. Instead of concentrated oil, soap based on it is often used.

Strictly observe hygiene rules. Wash and cleanse your face special compounds necessary twice a day. After this, you should use a moisturizer selected for your skin type to prevent moisture loss. Proper care for the face involves peeling with a product based on fruit acids.
When the first symptoms of vulgar acne develop, you need to wipe the pimples with drugs that inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, such as Klerasil lotion.
For clear and healthy facial skin in teenagers, it is equally important to eat right. If there is a risk of vulgar acne, then you should limit the consumption of bread products and sweets and increase the amount of vegetables and fruits in your diet.
You should not squeeze out blackheads yourself. This is fraught with infection. The situation gets worse, new inflammatory foci form.
The disease must be treated immediately, without starting it. In this case, it is imperative to find out the cause of acne.
It is best to get rid of acne for teenagers under the supervision of a specialist. To eliminate elements of post-acne and as a preventative measure, it is useful to visit beauty salons. Among the procedures, it is worth trying exfoliation with glycolic acid, extraction, galvanic action, laser and mechanical cleaning.
You can be treated with home remedies only after agreeing with a dermatologist.

Knowing exactly what acne vulgaris is and the reasons for its formation, you can hope for successful treatment even at home. But if there are signs of inflammation spreading to neighboring tissues, painful nodes or scars appear, then you should immediately consult a specialist and undergo a course of treatment under the supervision of a dermatologist.

What is acne vulgaris and how to treat it

Acne vulgaris causes a lot of inconvenience to a person. They spoil your appearance and force you to hide your face from the direct rays of the sun and camera lenses. Acne like this is difficult to treat, but there are many methods that can make one of the main problems of puberty less noticeable.

What is acne vulgaris?

The word “vulgar” comes from the Latin “vulgus”, which means “people”. Acne began to be called “vulgar” centuries ago, among the common people who did not particularly care about their hygiene. Acne received such a specific name also because it most actively occurs during periods when hormones are “playing” in a person, and this not only causes cosmetic problems, but also affects behavior and lifestyle.

Acne vulgaris– These are acne that occur due to a general hormonal imbalance in the body. They occur more often in women during puberty (13-17 years), during sexual activity or, conversely, in its absence at a more mature age. You can read more about acne in teenagers in our article at the link: https://incosmetology.ru/problemnaya-kozha/ugri/kak-lechit-u-podrostkov.html. The mechanism of formation of such acne is standard - excess sebum, abundantly produced by the sebaceous glands, dead skin particles, cosmetics, and dust accumulate in the hair follicles. In this fertile environment for bacteria, infiltrates arise caused by the colonization of staphylococci, streptococci and other harmful microorganisms. The pores become enlarged, sebum is not removed from them, but accumulates. The sebaceous plug provokes inflammation, which can grow into a pimple. varying degrees severity:

first stage– the easiest, usually this is mild redness and thickening, which passes without developing into an abscess, or a small abscess that is superficial, quickly and independently opens, and does not leave behind a stain or scar;
second stage– this is a large pimple that develops into an abscess, with redness and thickening of nearby tissues;
third stage- These are deep pimples that may not go away for weeks, with severe redness, swelling and repeated suppuration.

Acne of the second and third stages leaves behind spots and scars, which then, even if the period of “blooming” with acne vulgaris has ended, greatly spoils a person’s appearance, and it is necessary to treat post-acne using laser, ultraviolet rays and other methods.

Types of acne:

non-inflammatory acne is comedones or fat plugs into which infection has not yet penetrated:
- - white comedones - the hair follicle is closed and narrowed at the top;
  - black comedones - the follicle is open and dirt accumulates there, which gives it a dark color;
inflammatory acne – infection penetrates the comedones and an inflammatory process begins with possible suppuration, redness and swelling.

The more weakened the body as a whole, the more actively bacteria attach to the skin.

In the video, a dermatologist-oncologist talks about acne vulgaris, the reasons for its appearance and the characteristics of the disease:

Acne vulgaris and dermatovenereology

If a person is tormented by acne vulgaris, then you need to consult a specialist. A beauty salon and standard cosmetic procedures performed by experts for acne will not be enough. Treating yourself at home, trying various folk recipes and medications without consulting a doctor is also a mistake.

A dermatovenerologist is a doctor who treats skin and venereal diseases and identifies the relationship between these diseases and the general condition of the body. It is a destructive and widespread belief that these doctors treat exclusively sexually transmitted diseases. If you are concerned about acne vulgaris, which is accompanied by disruptions in the menstrual cycle in women, and with urological problems in men, then be sure to visit a dermatovenerologist. He will prescribe a comprehensive examination that will reveal the underlying causes of the rash. Scraping, blood test for allergens and harmful microorganisms, dermatoscopy, culture and smear - there are many study methods.

Acne occurs due to excess sebum production, clogged pores and slower regeneration and exfoliation processes. Causes of acne vulgaris:

hormonal changes in the body during puberty;
hormonal imbalances at any age, due to gynecological diseases, stress, decreased immunity, exacerbation of chronic diseases;
PMS and menopause in women;
unhealthy diet with a predominance of flour, fatty, spicy and sweet foods, consumption of sweet carbonated drinks and fast food;
frequent use of cosmetics, insufficient cleansing of the facial skin.

Photo of acne vulgaris

Treatment with medications

Acne vulgaris is treated with medication. Doctors usually prescribe the following drugs:

Antibiotics. They are prescribed for the third, most severe, stage of acne. Antibiotics fight inflammation and infection; they need to be taken in a course and together with drugs that support the intestinal microflora.
Hormonal medications, usually birth control pills. They even out hormonal levels, the main cause of acne vulgaris.
Ointments, gels and mash containing hormones, various antimicrobial agents, wound healing, promoting exfoliation and regeneration, drawing out pus. For example, zinc ointment, balsamic liniment according to Vishnevsky, “Zinerit”, “Baziron AS”, “Skinoren”.
Drugs, active substance of which is isotretinoin. It actively reduces sebum production, affecting hormonal levels.

Traditional methods

Acne vulgaris is often treated with traditional methods. If the form of the disease is severe, they are usually not enough. But in mild and moderate stages, especially at the beginning of the disease, ethnoscience will really help to cope with the disease, subject to systematic treatment:

Masks. They can be very different, depending on the skin type and rashes. Clay masks help a lot; they tighten pores, mattify, and cleanse the skin. You can add calendula tincture or a few drops of essential oil of tea tree, rosemary, lemon, mint to this mask. Good reviews about masks made from raw potatoes and grated carrots and cranberries.
Lotions based on herbal infusions, with and without alcohol. Aloe juice, lemon juice, and chamomile infusion help well.

Before using any essential oil for the first time, be sure to conduct a sensitivity test. Mix a couple of drops in vegetable or olive oil, apply the mixture to the area under the elbow or next to the palm.

Acne vulgaris can and should be treated. The main thing is to carry out treatment under the supervision of a specialist and regularly cleanse the skin.

Acne vulgaris (acne)

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Acne vulgaris - causes, symptoms, treatment, photos

Acne vulgaris (acne) is a type of acne accompanied by inflammatory processes in the hair follicles, where the accumulation of sebum and dead skin particles creates an environment for the proliferation of bacteria.

Acne vulgaris, like any other type of rash, first appears in adolescence, during puberty. It is often detected in adults (at 20 years old, and at 30, and at 40), only in this case, the rashes are localized in separate places and are expressed in mild form. Remission should be expected after 20 and after 40 years. Women are more susceptible to rashes.

Typically, the disease begins to manifest itself during puberty, when many changes occur in the body. Hereditary predisposition, environment, and increased sweating, unhealthy diet (which is dominated by fatty, spicy and sweet foods), use of medications, disruption of the endocrine system, gastrointestinal disease.

Acne can also appear due to intolerance to certain medications, for example, even iodine or bromine. In women, acne can be caused by hormonal changes during pregnancy or the menstrual cycle.

Acne vulgaris, or acne as they are also called, with mild inflammation or non-inflammatory acne usually does not leave scars after the lesions have healed. But moderate and severe acne, unlike mild acne, in most cases leaves scars, which can lead to emotional stress in patients, especially teenagers. In such cases, you should not neglect psychotherapeutic help, otherwise the person may lose himself as an individual, become withdrawn and uncommunicative.

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Let's start with the fact that acne can be both inflammatory and non-inflammatory; it all depends on how big a role the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes plays in the inflammation of the follicle.

Non-inflammatory acne manifests itself in the form of comedones - these are non-infectious fat plugs located tightly at the mouth of the follicles. They, in turn, are divided into white and black. If the follicle is closed or narrowed on the surface of the skin, then the acne will be white, and if it is open, then the horny masses move upward, at the mouth of the follicle, and due to oxidation and dust and dirt on its surface, it will be black.

Inflammatory acne includes papules, pustules, nodules and cysts. With the formation of fatty acids, which cause irritation of the walls of the follicles, papules are formed. If the infection causes inflammation inside the follicle, then pustules appear, and after the follicle ruptures after physical manipulation or after fatty acids enter the tissue due to bacteria (which leads to inflammation of the soft tissue), nodules and cysts form. Usually only cystic acne brings with it painful sensations, and other types of acne vulgaris bring only moral constraint and low self-esteem. At different stages of the disease, different types of acne accompany each other.

Comedones with white heads(closed comedones) are soft, palpable white formations ranging from 1 to 3 millimeters in diameter, and comedones with black heads (open comedones) are similar in appearance to closed comedones, but have a black center.

Pustules and papules- these are red cone-shaped dots from 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter. In these cases of the disease, the epithelium of the follicles is damaged due to the accumulation of lymphocytes and neutrophils. When the epithelium ruptures, the contents of comedones cause a very strong inflammatory reaction in the dermis. Papules are formed by relatively deep inflammation; they are more superficial in nature. But the nodes are larger, deeper and denser than papules; they resemble an inflamed cyst, although they do not have a cystic structure. And finally, a cyst is nodes that have undergone purulent melting. Sometimes even a cyst becomes infected and an abscess forms. If the cystic form of the disease lasts a long time, then after healing, scars appear on the affected areas; they appear in the form of depressions, unevenness, and shallow recesses of the skin.

You can also highlight globular acne. They are the most severe form of acne vulgaris; Most often, globular acne affects men, while the patient suffers from abscesses, sinuses, hollow comedones and atrophic scars are formed. In this case, the person’s back and chest are severely affected, and acne may appear on the arms, stomach, buttocks, and even on the head.

Lightning acne manifests itself in the form of a sudden formation of ulcerative globular acne, characterized by the appearance of confluent abscesses leading to hemorrhagic necrosis. At this stage of the disease, leukocytosis, swelling and joint pain can be detected.

And here pyoderma It occurs in young women and also manifests itself as fulminant rosacea in the central part of the face. Pyoderma can be analogous to acne fulminans. The rash also affects the cheeks, nose, chin and forehead, and consists of pustules and erythematous plaques.

Acne symptoms

Clinical manifestations. The face is the most common site of development of acne vulgaris (99% of patients), less often they are observed on the back (60%), chest (15%) and shoulders. In young people, the face is most often affected; in older people - the back. The disease is characterized by a polymorphic rash, the elements of which can be inflammatory and non-inflammatory.

Non-inflammatory acne are represented by comedones, which can be open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads). Comedones are localized on the skin of the face, chest, back, and later in the ears, on the back of the neck.

Open comedones they look like black dots that clog the mouths of the hair follicles; when they are squeezed out, a white or brownish worm-shaped plug is released, consisting of thick sebum and horny scales. The black color of comedones is caused by melanin (not pollution or oxidized sebum).

Closed comedones They are small, slightly raised hemispherical papules that are white in color and have a very slight follicular opening. Closed comedones are a major potential source of inflammatory acne.

There are also several subtypes of non-inflammatory comedones, which may not be noticed by the doctor, but are of great clinical importance. These acne are a manifestation of the underlying disease, or are caused by external influences.

These special forms of closed comedones include:

so-called sandpaper comedones. They are multiple (up to 500 pieces), small white comedones, localized mainly on the forehead;
macrocomedones, which are large, more than 1 mm in diameter, closed or open (usually closed) comedones. Sandpaper-type comedones and macrocomedones do not respond well to conventional therapy;
so-called “submarine comedones” are large comedon-like structures, up to 0.5 cm in diameter, located in the deep parts of the dermis. They can be a source of recurrent inflammatory nodes.

Inflammatory acne vulgaris. The development of a purulent inflammatory reaction in the altered follicles is clinically manifested by various inflammatory acne vulgaris. There are the following types of acne vulgaris: papular (a. papulosa) - hemispherical or conical papules, pink in color, up to 0.5 cm in diameter, erupting on oily skin. Often in the center of papular acne there is a black comedonal dot (a. punctata). Pustular acne (a.pustulosa) is characterized by the appearance of pustules on the surface of papular acne. Papular and pustular acne vulgaris usually occurs acutely and in significant quantities. After existing for several days, the nodules dissolve, leaving in their place small pigment spots or a small, barely noticeable scar. Indurative acne (a. indurata) is characteristic of patients with thick seborrhea. These acne are deep, dense, painful infiltrates, the size of a large pea or more; the skin over which is painted bluish. Consistently, the infiltrates either resolve or soften and open, releasing a viscous oily-purulent liquid. After their healing, deep disfiguring scars remain, often hypertrophic. Confluent acne (a. confluens) is a consequence of the growth and fusion of indurative acne, which can connect with each other through deep passages, forming roller- or worm-shaped infiltrates that open with several holes. Sometimes this process takes acute course, the skin over the infiltrates turns bright red, upon opening a large amount of pus is released - phlegmonous acne (a.phlegmonosa).

Scarring. Scar formation is an important clinical symptom of acne. Scars usually occur after resolution of deep inflammatory lesions; however, they may occur with resolution of superficial inflammatory elements in patients prone to scar formation.

Persistent pigmentation may remain after acne vulgaris resolves and sometimes causes cosmetic complaints more than the underlying disease.

Causes of acne

During adolescence, hormonal levels change. This factor is the main cause of acne.

A weakened teenage body is a favorable environment for the development of inflammatory processes due to changes in the functioning of the sebaceous glands. Acne vulgaris has the following causes:

Weak immunity;
Problems in the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammatory foci in the intestines or stomach negatively affect the condition of the skin and reduce resistance to bacteria;
Failure of the endocrine system;
Gynecological diseases;
Stress;
Seborrhea;
Allergic reaction to certain medications;
Poor nutrition, when spicy, fried and sweet foods predominate;
Failure to comply with hygiene rules. For the appearance of acne vulgaris, one or two of the above reasons are sufficient, which for each individual person will play a decisive role in the appearance of this disease.

Acne vulgaris is also transmitted hereditarily. According to reviews from people who have suffered from this disease, a teenager whose parents had acne vulgaris is more likely to get sick from this disease.

Factors influencing the course of acne vulgaris.

Stress can increase the severity of the disease and lead to the emergence of new acne. In turn, acne itself causes stress, and squeezing it out worsens a person’s appearance. This is especially pronounced in young women suffering from excoriated acne (acne excoree). Polls large quantity patients suffering from acne showed that many of them experience a feeling of shame (70%); embarrassment and anxiety (63%); uncertainty (67%); deterioration social contacts(57%) and have significant problems finding a job. Severe acne can cause anger and anxiety.

Diet(food calories, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, amino acids) does not have a significant effect on the development and severity of acne.

Premenstrual exacerbations. About 70% of women note an exacerbation of inflammatory phenomena 2-7 days before menstruation. It is possible that this is due to changes in the hydration of the follicular epithelium in the premenstrual period. Progesterone and estrogens have a pro-inflammatory effect on acne vulgaris.

Sweating. 15% of patients noted the negative impact of humidity on the course of the disease, especially in cases where a person lives in a humid, warm environment.

Ultraviolet irradiation. Many patients and doctors are convinced of the positive effects sunlight for acne. There is no scientific evidence for this. It is possible that the improvement is due to the psychological effect of tanning. Artificial ultraviolet radiation (UFL-B; PUVA) often increases the comedogenicity of sebum and the development of acne.

Professions. Cooking and steam cleansing can increase hydration of the stratum corneum of the follicles and cause acne. Working with halogenated hydrocarbons can cause chloracne.

Smoking has a negative effect on the progression of acne.

Acne treatment

Acne vulgaris is primarily a disease. Which requires complex, step-by-step treatment, including a course of antibiotics, retinoids, vitamins and immunotherapy drugs. Ultraviolet irradiation, lotions containing sulfur, alcohol and salicylic acid are also used. In addition, to remove acne vulgaris, you need to use special ointments. You can’t just self-medicate - you definitely need to see a doctor.

Treatment of acne vulgaris is aimed at reducing sebum production, reducing inflammation and infection, as well as the formation of comedones. When choosing acne treatment, you need to take into account the severity of the disease. Affected skin areas must be treated every day; but excessive passion for this activity will also not bring benefits. Using antibacterial soap can overly dry the skin, which does not have a positive effect on the process of restoring the balance of sebum secretion.

A mild degree of the disease is treated with monotherapy, usually this is enough to get rid of comedones; for papules and pustules, double action treatment is needed, that is, a combination of antibiotics local application and tretinoin with benzoyl peroxide. This treatment lasts from six weeks until the rash disappears completely.

And the basis for the treatment of comedones is the daily topical use of tretinoin with a gradual increase in concentration. If the patient is intolerant to tretinoin, an alternative may be the daily use of tazarotene (cream) or gel/cream containing azelaic acid, or glycolic acid, or salicylic acid with propylene glycol.

For moderate acne, it is best to use systemic treatment with antibiotics such as tetracycline, minocycline, erythromycin; Duration of treatment is twelve weeks. When treated with antibiotics, the dosage is gradually reduced after about 4 weeks, but in particularly severe cases the dose must even be increased. But even after curing acne, it is necessary to use prophylactic medications in order to avoid relapses.

You should also pay attention to the fact that when using antibiotics, the gastrointestinal tract may be disrupted; You should familiarize yourself with the list of possible side effects of the drugs offered to you and, together with your doctor, choose the one that is most suitable for you. In women, long-term use of antibiotics can cause candidal vaginitis (thrush). If antibiotics do not have the expected effect of curing acne, their use should be discontinued.

Traditional recipes for the treatment of acne vulgaris

You can also use other cosmetic procedures to help fight acne: rubs, lotions, compresses, masks. You can make your own cleaning product. For this type of procedure, you can use soda, salt, infusions of calendula, chamomile, aloe, St. John's wort, oak, birch, and white lily tincture. All these products are prepared in a standard way - pour two tablespoons of the selected raw material with half a liter of hot water and leave to steep for an hour, then be sure to strain. After preparing the solution, you need to wipe the skin with cotton wool, gauze or a bandage.

Moreover, watch your movements - they must be careful so as not to injure the skin. You can also make lotions with fresh juice of aloe leaves, infusion of marshmallow root, or from a decoction or infusion of celandine - moisten a gauze cloth and apply to problem areas for 30 minutes. As it dries, be sure to wet the napkin.

Compresses

Compresses for acne are done once a day. For oily skin, use hot compresses, and for dry skin, warm compresses so as not to cause irritation. For compresses you can use honey, celandine, ammonia. If you choose ammonia, follow the proportions: three drops per glass of water.

The heat from steam baths opens the pores, which helps the best way out secretion of the sebaceous glands. Baths should be carried out no more than once a week; and it is better to make them from herbs containing essential oils with disinfectant and medicinal properties. Before using the steam bath, you need to thoroughly clean your face, but do not scrub or peel.

Take a wide bowl, no smaller than half a liter. Place the herbs selected for your skin type at the bottom and fill it with hot water and let it brew for 5-10 minutes. Do not use steam that is too hot, as this may damage the skin. The water temperature should be approximately 43 degrees.

You need to lean over the water and cover yourself with a towel. For dry skin, 10 minutes is enough; for oily skin, you can stay under the towel for 20 minutes. The distance between the face and the water should be at least 20 cm. After the procedure, you should not rub your face, you just need to pat it lightly with a towel or napkin.

Used successfully to treat acne yeast masks. But remember that to achieve results you need at least twenty procedures. The mask is very simple to prepare - take one tablespoon of live yeast, add water and stir - you should get a creamy consistency. Apply it to problem areas of the skin and leave for 20 minutes, then rinse with warm water.

Bodyaga mask

Bodyaga masks are effective in treating black, white and inflammatory acne. To prepare the mask, mix badyagu with warm water to make a paste. Apply this same paste to the rashes for about 10 minutes. If you feel discomfort, wash off the mask immediately - your skin is too sensitive.

And remember that the main key to success is systematicity. If you treat acne vulgaris as it should be, and not from case to case, very soon the condition of your skin will improve significantly. And once again we draw your attention - do not under any circumstances ignore the need to visit a dermatologist!

The point of treating acne is to reduce sebum production. And this is facilitated by regular treatment of the affected areas with special products that dry out the skin. Therapeutic methods used to treat acne vulgaris:

Cleaning of facial coverings. In the early stages of the disease, this procedure is especially effective;
Phytotherapy. Tinctures and lotions based on calendula, celandine and chamomile are best friends problem skin;
Physiotherapy. Procedures are performed only under the supervision of a doctor. These include: irradiation with a quartz lamp, autohemotherapy, ultraviolet radiation;
Taking antibiotics. This treatment method is prescribed when the disease has become severe. These can be antibiotics for external use (ointments, creams, gels) and antibiotics for oral use (injections, tablets);
Treatment in a cosmetology salon. These include: laser therapy, facial cleansing and peeling.

Therapy at home

In addition to the generally accepted medicinal methods of treating acne vulgaris in adolescents, there are methods performed at home according to folk recipes. Eg:

A compress with viburnum juice is an effective and simple remedy for getting rid of acne on your back, face and other “favorite” places. For the procedure, just moisten gauze in viburnum juice, squeeze a little and apply to the problem area for 5-10 minutes.
No less effective at home is a compress with aloe juice, which draws out pus even from deep inflammatory elements. However, according to reviews, in order to achieve the desired result, it is necessary to conduct more than 40 such sessions.
Propolis tincture is one of the the best ways treatment with folk remedies. For execution cosmetic procedure You need to lubricate the affected areas with alcohol tincture of propolis at night, and cleanse the skin with lotion in the morning. This should be done for a month.
For very oily dermis, wiping the face with a piece of lemon 2 times a day is effective, because, as is known, this fruit of the citrus family has strong bactericidal and drying properties.
Preparing a tincture of chamomile flowers at home and using it regularly will allow you to completely get rid of acne vulgaris on the back when added to the bath and acne on the face by holding gauze soaked in the infusion for five minutes.

Treatment of acne vulgaris should be based on the cause of the problem and the severity of the disease. For mild acne, the doctor may prescribe medications containing ichthyol, sulfur or lemon juice. For oily facial skin, teenagers can use lotions Oxy-5, Klerasil, Kleaskin. These products have a bacteriostatic effect, cleanse the pores of comedones and dry them out. Skinoren cream has also shown effectiveness. It includes azelaic acid. It inhibits the growth of bacteria and reduces the amount of free fatty acids in the hair follicles, helping to reduce inflammation. Some dermatologists recommend additional treatment of mild acne with antibiotics. local action, such as erythromycin or tetracycline.

For moderate acne vulgaris, retinoids are used. Reviews indicate that Retin-A gel and cream help well. It eliminates plugs in pores and hyperkeratosis in hair follicles. Antimicrobial drugs based on benzoyl peroxide begin to be used in low concentrations. Antibiotics erythromycin, doxycycline, tetracycline are combined with the probiotic Bifidumbacterin and Nystatin. This normalizes the intestinal microflora. Therapy continues for at least a month. Then the specialist changes the remedy to prevent the development of addiction to such treatment. In severe cases of the disease and the ineffectiveness of antibiotics, girls may be prescribed antiandrogen drugs or oral contraceptives with estrogen. A powerful remedy against complicated, inflamed acne is Isotretinoin, which is an artificial analogue of vitamin A. It slows down the development of acne.

The article was written based on materials from the sites: farmamir.ru, chistaya-koja.net, limelady.ru, incosmetology.ru, dermhelp.ru.

Acne is a common occurrence, but only 30% of patients seek treatment from a specialist. People who have purulent inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicle do not suspect that this is a serious problem. They use various cosmetics, such as Black Mask - a mask for acne and blackheads. Such compositions do not completely eliminate the problem, but only temporarily suppress the manifestations of the disease. Acne vulgaris requires treatment, even if there is a mild form of the disease. The presence of rashes is not a physiological norm.

The essence and causes of acne

At first, acne on the face resembles small red nodules. Inflammation gradually intensifies, infiltration accumulates, and there will be pus at the top of the pimple. After a few days the capsule will open. Pus will come out of it, which, when dried, forms a crust on the surface. After the wound heals, a trace often remains - a scar. If acne is not treated, the process will spread, involving nearby glands. Bubbles with pus with a dense base appear. As for age, for example, acne vulgaris almost never occurs in infants. Most often, the disease attacks in adolescence, that is, during puberty - 13-17 years. Acne on the face appears in the T-zone. Rashes can bother a person up to 25 years of age.

The occurrence of acne at this age is associated with changes in hormonal levels:

1. An increase in the production of androgens, both in girls and boys, causes stimulation of the sebaceous glands.

The main causes of acne on the face and body are:

Hormonal disbalance. Any changes contribute to a decrease in immunity. At the same time, the function of the sebaceous glands increases.
Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The quality of the skin deteriorates. The resistance of the epidermis to bacterial infections decreases.
Instability of psychological or emotional state provokes stress. This entails a decrease in the protective properties of the skin.
Endocrinological diseases.
Gynecological problems.

For a rash to occur, it is not necessary that several factors be present; 1-2 are sufficient.

Drug treatment of acne

Treatment of acne vulgaris should be based on the cause of the problem and the severity of the disease. For mild acne, the doctor may prescribe medications containing ichthyol, sulfur or lemon juice. For oily facial skin, teenagers can use lotions Oxy-5, Klerasil, Kleaskin. These products have a bacteriostatic effect, cleanse the pores of comedones and dry them out. Skinoren cream has also shown effectiveness. It contains azelaic acid. It inhibits the growth of bacteria and reduces the amount of free fatty acids in the hair follicles, helping to reduce inflammation. Some dermatologists recommend additional treatment of mild acne with topical antibiotics such as erythromycin or tetracycline.

How to get rid of acne at home?

In addition to medicinal methods of treating acne vulgaris in adolescents, there are ways that will help at home:

Compress with viburnum juice. The berries are crushed in a blender and squeezed. A piece of gauze is moistened with juice. The compress is applied to problem areas and left for 5-10 minutes.
No less effective against acne and acne is a compress with aloe juice. It is able to draw out pus from the deepest layers of the skin. But, judging by the reviews, to achieve the best results, apply compresses regularly, spending at least 40 sessions.
An effective remedy for acne on the face in teenagers is an alcohol tincture of propolis. Moisten her face at night. In the morning, cleanse the skin with lotion. The procedure is repeated regularly for a month.
If your facial skin is very oily and acne-prone, it is recommended to wipe problem areas with a slice of lemon twice a day. It has a drying and bactericidal effect.
An effective folk remedy for treating acne at home is a mummy mask. A spoonful of the substance is mixed with boiled water until a thick paste is formed. Heat a couple of spoons of honey in a water bath and add to the mixture. The mask is applied to a cleansed face for 20-25 minutes and washed off with warm water.

Herbal decoctions will help get rid of acne vulgaris and rosacea:

You can prepare chamomile infusion at home. A spoonful of raw materials is brewed with 200 ml of boiling water and infused for half an hour. Then the prepared composition is moistened with gauze, which is applied to the face for 5 minutes. If the pimple is localized on the body - back, chest, then take baths with chamomile infusion.
Dandelion infusion will help cure rashes of various etiologies at home. To prepare it, pour 200 ml of hot water into a tablespoon of plant material, boil over low heat for a quarter of an hour and cool for another 45 minutes. The infusion is filtered and taken orally. The composition should be drunk warm, one-third of a glass three times a day, a quarter of an hour before meals. If acne was caused by a disease associated with a metabolic disorder, then it should disappear.
A decoction of burdock roots has a similar effect. A tablespoon of raw material is poured into 0.5 liters of water and boiled for 10 minutes. The infusion is filtered and cooled. You need to be treated by taking it ¼ cup four times a day.

For acne and pimples on the face and body, a strong antiseptic and herbal antibiotic - tea tree oil - will help relieve the condition. It should be applied to problem areas with inflammation three times a day. Instead of concentrated oil, soap based on it is often used.

Strictly observe hygiene rules. It is necessary to wash and cleanse your face with special compositions twice a day. After this, you should use a moisturizer selected for your skin type to prevent moisture loss. Proper facial care involves peeling with a product based on fruit acids.
When the first symptoms of vulgar acne develop, you need to wipe the pimples with drugs that inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, such as Klerasil lotion.
For clear and healthy facial skin in teenagers, it is equally important to eat right. If there is a risk of vulgar acne, then you should limit the consumption of bread products and sweets and increase the amount of vegetables and fruits in your diet.
You should not squeeze out blackheads yourself. This is fraught with infection. The situation gets worse, new inflammatory foci form.
The disease must be treated immediately, without starting it. In this case, it is imperative to find out the cause of acne.
It is best to get rid of acne for teenagers under the supervision of a specialist. To eliminate elements of post-acne and as a preventative measure, it is useful to visit beauty salons. Among the procedures, it is worth trying exfoliation with glycolic acid, extraction, galvanic action, laser and mechanical cleaning.
You can be treated with home remedies only after agreeing with a dermatologist.

Knowing exactly what acne vulgaris is and the reasons for its formation, you can hope for successful treatment even at home. But if there are signs of inflammation spreading to neighboring tissues, painful nodes or scars appear, then you should immediately consult a specialist and undergo a course of treatment under the supervision of a dermatologist.

Acne vulgaris (acne) is a chronic skin disease that occurs more often during puberty and is manifested by purulent-inflammatory changes in the sebaceous glands on the skin (face, back, rib cage).

Hyperandrogenism is a provoking factor, in response to which seborrhea and microcomedones appear. Then closed and open comedones and inflammatory elements quickly form.

Peak incidence is 15-18 years. In females it appears earlier than in males, but in the latter the disease is often more severe. In most cases, at the age of 18-20 years, the disease can spontaneously regress. In some cases, the disease becomes chronic with periods of exacerbation. The course of the disease and its outcome are accompanied by significant psychological stress and reduce the quality of life of patients.

Provoking factors:

Genetic predisposition to endocrine diseases, pathologies of the reproductive system.
Hereditary predisposition to acne.
Manifestations of hyperandrogenism (seborrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypertrichosis, androgenic alopecia).
Onset of the disease and its relationship with puberty.
Menstrual dysfunction.
Past illnesses.
The presence of foci of focal infection.
Occupational factors (occupational hazards, hyperinsolation).

Clinical manifestations of acne vulgaris are polymorphic. Open and closed comedones form on the skin of the face (99%). Some comedones transform into papules or pustules (60%). Papulopustular rashes are localized on the face, neck, shoulders, chest (15%) and upper back (60%). Upon completion of the inflammatory process, scars or pigmentation remain on the skin (55%). Body dysmorphophobia and depression develop in 70% of patients.

Diagnosis of acne vulgaris

Blood chemistry.
Study of hormone levels (luteinizing, follicle-stimulating, free testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dehydrotestosterone; prolactin, estradiol, thyroid hormones).
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
Ultrasound of the adrenal glands, testicles, prostate gland.
Craniography/MRI of the brain (sella turcica), adrenal glands (exclusion of tumors of the pituitary gland, adrenal glands).

Differential diagnosis:

Demodecosis.
Folliculitis.
Small nodular sarcoidosis.
Lupus.
Adenoma of the sebaceous glands (tuberous sclerosis).
Papulopustular syphilide.

Treatment of acne vulgaris

Sebostatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory drugs.
Skin hygiene.
For external therapy - topical retinoids, antibacterial drugs, combination drugs.
Laser therapy, photodynamic therapy.

Treatment is prescribed only after confirmation of the diagnosis by a medical specialist.

Essential drugs

There are contraindications. Specialist consultation is required.

Dosage: the drug is taken orally, during meals, 1-2 times a day. Efficiency and side effects The drug depends on the individual characteristics of the body and dosage. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the dosage during treatment. The course of treatment with Roaccutane should begin with a dosage of 0.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. In most patients, the dosage ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. People with a complex form of the disease or acne of the trunk may need an increased daily dosage - up to 2.0 mg per kilogram per day. The frequency of remission and prevention of relapses are optimal when prescribing a course dose of 120-150 mg per kilogram, so the duration of the course in some patients varies depending on the daily dose. Complete remission of acne is often achieved within 16-24 weeks of therapy. Patients who do not tolerate the recommended dosage may continue treatment with a reduced dosage.

In most patients, acne completely disappears after one course of treatment. If a relapse occurs, a second course of Roaccutane therapy is prescribed with the same dosage as during the first course of treatment. Since the condition can improve up to 2 months after the patient stops taking the drug, a repeat course is prescribed no earlier than the end of this period.

Dosage: the drug in the form of a cream or gel is applied in an equal layer to areas with skin lesions 1 time per day before bedtime. The drug is applied to clean, dry skin. The maximum effect is noticeable after 4-8 weeks of therapy, lasting improvement - after 3 months from the start of treatment.

Dosage: Before applying benzoyl peroxide gel or lotion, the affected area should be washed and dried with a soft-bristle towel. Next, the drug is applied to the affected area of the skin and rubbed in until completely absorbed. Be sure to wash your hands after use. If the skin is sensitive, the drug should be applied with extreme caution to avoid peeling and hypermia.

In the first week of the course, benzoyl peroxide is applied once a day; if the application does not produce results, benzoyl peroxide is applied 2 times a day. The use of the drug is not recommended for elderly people. The average duration of treatment with benzoyl peroxide is 8-10 weeks; It is not recommended to use the drug for more than 3 months.

In severe cases of the disease, topical use of benzoyl peroxide is combined with other acne treatments (oral antibiotics or retinoids).

Dosage: the drug is used orally, in the morning on an empty stomach, 1 time per day. The effectiveness of the drug depends on the individual characteristics of the body, the duration of administration and dosage. Therefore, the dosage is selected depending on weight, and the duration of the course depends on the degree of the disease and the rate of absorption of microelements. The initial and minimum course of treatment is 6 weeks, for rosacea - 8 weeks. Often the minimum course is sufficient. For moderate and severe stages, the course can be increased to 6 months in combination with external therapy. The drug is a homeopathic medicine based on macro- and microdoses of minerals. It has sebum-regulating, anti-inflammatory and keratolytic effects. The advantages of the drug include the absence of toxicity and compatibility with other types of therapy.

Acne vulgaris is an inflammation of the sebaceous gland and surrounding tissues caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The disease is the most common complication of seborrhea (hypersecretion of the sebaceous glands).

Acne vulgaris appears during puberty and gradually goes away by the age of 30. Rashes bring aesthetic discomfort to a person, so it is important to know about treatment and prevention methods.

Causes of the rash

During adolescence, hormonal levels change in adolescents, and the production of sex hormones increases significantly. A young body is not always able to cope with such a load. Against the background of the addition of provoking factors, acne vulgaris appears:

diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
unhealthy diet (fatty, salty, smoked foods, fast food, soda, coffee, chocolate);
pathology of the nervous and endocrine systems;
weakened immunity;
avitaminosis;
stress, physical activity, sleep disturbance;
smoking and drinking alcohol.

Predisposition to acne vulgaris is often inherited. The process of formation of a rash is long. Main stages:

under the influence of hormones, sebum production increases;
pathological factors reduce the body’s resistance to bacteria;
the protective skin barrier falls;
microbes (Staphylococcus aureus) begin to actively multiply;
The sebaceous gland is affected, and then the surrounding skin and subcutaneous fat.

The amount of acne vulgaris can increase under the influence of hot food and emotional factors. Favorite localizations are the face, chest and back.

What types of rashes are there?

Acne vulgaris is common name for skin manifestations in adolescence. There are several forms of acne. Each has a characteristic clinical picture:

Rosacea– formation of pink-bluish nodules on the skin. The long course of the disease leads to thickening of the integument and an increase in the size of the nose. Develops more often in adulthood. With this type of rash, iron mites can be detected.
Blackheads (comedones)– the most common type, occurs at any age. It is an accumulation of keratinized cells, sebum and dust in the ducts of the glands. Such formations can easily be found on the wings of the nose, forehead and chin, as well as on the chest and back. When pressed, a “worm with a black head” appears.
1. Papular– inflamed comedones. An infiltrate and nodule forms at the base of the blackhead.
2. Pustular– the reaction is more intense. The nodules turn red and a pustule forms in the center. After a while, the acne opens and heals with the formation of a crust.
3. Inductive acne vulgaris – 3rd degree of severity. The infiltrate is the size of a cherry pit, and the process deepens. Education becomes painful. After healing, scars sometimes remain.
Globular- inflammation of the follicle. The rashes are multiple, deep, and often suppurate. When opened, fistulas may form. Such acne vulgaris always leaves behind serious keloid scars.
Necrotic– damage to the follicular apparatus along with the sebaceous gland. Characteristic for men. Nodules with bloody-purulent contents, often covered with a crust, form on the forehead and temples.
Premenstrual- appear in women before or during menstruation on the cheeks and chin. After menstruation, they often go away on their own.

Important! Only a dermatologist can correctly determine the type of rash.

Which doctor should I contact?

Often, when acne vulgaris appears, girls try to disguise it with foundation or powder. Such procedures only irritate the skin and aggravate the course of the disease.

If you notice a rash, consult a doctor. In this situation, a dermatologist or cosmetologist can help you. Such doctors see in specialized skin and vein dispensaries and private clinics. If it is difficult to make an appointment with a specialist, you can first go to a therapist. The doctor will prescribe temporary treatment to prevent the situation from getting worse.

How to get rid of acne?

Additionally, to diagnose acne vulgaris, you will need to undergo a general and biochemical blood test. This will allow you to assess the condition of the body.

After diagnosis, the doctor will prescribe adequate treatment. Depending on the severity of the process, local and general therapy can be used.

The local one specifically affects the rash, relieves irritation and pain, and dries the wound. This is the treatment of rashes with anti-inflammatory drugs, creams:

In the morning, wash the skin with special lotions for problem skin (Clerasil, Kleaskin) or a mixture of sea salt and soap. Wipe your face with disposable paper towels.
During the day, problem areas are wiped 2-3 times with salicylic or camphor alcohol.
Products that improve tissue regeneration - Panthenol, Retinol-A - have an excellent effect on acne vulgaris.
Several times a week, make face masks based on blue or green clay.
Antibiotic ointments for external use help fight microbes that cause acne vulgaris - Levomekol, Tetracycline, Baneocin. The product is applied to each element in a thin layer; if the cavity has already opened, you can put it inside with a syringe.
Benzene peroxide (Baziron AS) dries the skin and exfoliates dead cells.

General therapy

To cure acne vulgaris, you often have to resort to more serious drugs that affect the essence of the disease:

Antibacterial agents are prescribed orally if external medications do not have the desired effect:
- Amoxiclav 500 mg 2-3 times a day for 7-10 days;
- Azithromycin 500 mg once a day for 6 days;
- Ceftriaxone IV 1 g once a day for 5 days.
Vitamin A, E, C, B vitamins restore skin after vulgar acne.
Hormonal contraceptives for girls (Dianna-35, Zhanin, Yarina). For men, hormones can only be used externally (synestrol cream 0.15% for two weeks).

Physiotherapy has a good effect in getting rid of acne vulgaris: ultraviolet irradiation, darsonvalization, UHF, electrophoresis with zinc and ichthyol, cryomassage liquid nitrogen, isokerite applications.

1-2 times every six months you can perform mechanical or ultrasonic facial cleansing in a beauty salon (just not in the acute stage).

Important! To make acne vulgaris a thing of the past, you need not only adequate treatment, but also personal hygiene.

If after the acne has healed, scarring of the skin remains, you can get rid of it with several sessions of laser therapy.

To prevent acne vulgaris, it is important to take good care of your skin:

Take a shower every day.
Wash your face with care products morning and evening, apply moisturizer.
Use natural scrubs on your face and body once a week.

Sea holidays also help in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Salty water disinfects and dries the skin, and Sun rays improve tissue restoration. Don't forget to use sunscreen!

Therapy for acne vulgaris will not be complete without diet. If you don't limit yourself from harmful products, acne come back again:

Eat less flour, salty and sweet foods.
Forget fast food. High-quality food must undergo good heat treatment.
Eat more seasonal vegetables and fruits, cereals and lean meats.
Maintain a drinking regime - 1.5-2 liters of water per day.

Any skin rashes It is better to treat in a medical facility. Do not try to squeeze out acne vulgaris yourself!

The effect of medications will come faster if you start taking them at the first symptoms. Don't delay your visit to the doctor!

Acne (acne, acne vulgaris, acne vulgaris, and popularly just pimples) is a chronic, recurrent disease that affects the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Acne affects about 80% of the population aged 12 - 25 years. Acne appears in childhood, adolescence, adolescence and late adulthood, but most often acne appears during puberty at the age of 14 - 16 years in men. 30% of them need serious and long-term treatment from specialists.

The skin is affected in those areas where there are a large number of sebaceous glands - the face, back and chest. Acne on the face makes a person's appearance unattractive. After they heal, scars remain. All this causes anxiety and depression in adolescents and reduces self-esteem. They often have no friends, and young people have difficulty finding work. Acne often worsens in the autumn-winter period.

Rice. 1. Acne on the face.

Causes of acne

Propionibacterium acne ( Propionibacterium acne), Staphylococcus epidermidis ( Staphylococcus epidermidis), pityrosporum ovale and orbitale ( Pityrosporum ovale And orbiculare) constantly live on the skin of the face. Propionic bacteria produce lipase and increase the desquamation of the epithelium of the mouths of hair follicles, which leads to their blockage.

Many factors contribute to the development of acne:

One of the reasons for the appearance of acne on the face is a “hormonal surge” in teenagers. Hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands exhibit increased sensitivity to androgens. Under their influence, the sebaceous gland begins to produce and secrete an increased amount of sebum.
An increased amount of male sex hormones may be hereditary. Hereditary predisposition consists in an inadequate response of the sebaceous glands to increased level androgenic (male) hormones in the blood.
Severe acne occurs in men with an XYY karyotype ( high growth, mild mental retardation and aggressive behavior).
Promotes the development of seborrhea acne.
Eating large amounts of carbohydrates and diabetes mellitus create favorable conditions for the development of infection (carbohydrates are a good breeding ground for pyogenic microbes).
Failure of the body's thermoregulatory system.
Long-term use of corticosteroids.
Long-term stress and depression.
Petroleum products, lubricating oils and dioxin can cause acne if they come into contact with the skin.
The development of acne is provoked by taking oral contraceptives, drugs containing bromine, phenytoin, and lithium salts.
Prolonged squeezing of the skin or friction leads to mechanical closure of the follicle ducts and the development of acne.

Rice. 2. The photo shows the structure of a hair follicle. Yellow the sebaceous gland is indicated.

How acne appears

Pimples on the skin of the face, chest and back appear in areas where a large number of sebaceous glands are located. In common forms, acne appears on the skin of the shoulders and forearms. The disease can be mild (open comedones), moderate in severity (closed comedones and papules), and severe (pustules).

Stage I: comedones formation

When the processes of exfoliation of the stratum corneum of the skin are disrupted, retention hyperkeratosis develops (delayed exfoliation). The mouth of the follicle becomes clogged with horny scales, as a result of which sebum accumulates in the cavity of the follicle. A microcomedone (milium) is formed, obstructing (closing) the excretory duct of the sebaceous gland. Over time, open and closed comedones are formed - non-inflammatory elements in acne.

Rice. 3. Microcomedones are formed when sebum accumulates in the ducts of the sebaceous glands and the mouths of the follicles. They look like small hemispherical nodules of milky color.

Rice. 4. In the photo, comedones are open in the area of the external auditory canal. With open comedones, the openings of the follicles are open. Under the influence of environmental oxygen, the fats that make up sebum oxidize, which gives comedones a black color.

Rice. 5. The photo shows open comedones on the face.

Rice. 6. In the photo, the comedones on the face are closed. With closed comedones, the openings of the follicles are closed. Horny scales and sebum, having no way out, remain under the epithelium layer.

Rice. 7. The photo shows elements of acne. Mild - mild degree of severity. Modtrant - moderate severity. Severe - severe course - abundant papules and pustules, abscess formation and the formation of fistulous tracts.

Stage II: development of inflammation

Lack of oxygen, dead horny scales and sebum create conditions for the proliferation of propionobacteria acne - permanent representatives of the skin microflora.

Acne propionobacteria have the ability to break down sebum and cause inflammation of surrounding tissues, which leads to the development of papules. With the formation of large inflammatory infiltrates, an indurative form of acne develops.
When a staphylococcal infection is attached, pustules (ulcers) and microabscesses develop - pustular, abscessing, necrotic and phlegmonous acne. These forms of acne are severe.
With necrotic acne, inflammation develops deep in the follicles. Most often, acne appears on the skin of the forehead and temporal area. Pustules with hemorrhagic contents appear on their tops. After opening them, a scab forms. The disease ends with the development of a smallpox scar.
With phlegmonous acne, the inflammatory process penetrates and develops in the subcutaneous fatty tissue. When a purulent lesion is opened, thick, creamy pus is released. The course of the disease is long. Deep scars remain in place of acne.
With the development of multiple abscesses, an infiltrate with several fistulous tracts is formed (nodular cystic acne). Extensive infiltrates after healing leave cyst-like formations.
The fulminant form of acne is more often recorded in boys aged 14–17 years and women. The disease is extremely severe and has a malignant course. Symptoms of intoxication are significantly expressed, symptoms of arthralgia are noted, and the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted.

Initially, areas of the skin turn red and swelling develops. After a few days, boil-like rashes appear on the skin. Pustules can reach enormous sizes. Foci of necrosis form. After healing, rough scars remain.

Rice. 8. The photo shows acne on the face (papular acne).

Rice. 9. The photo shows acne on the face. When a staphylococcal infection is attached, pustules (ulcers) and microabscesses develop - pustular and abscessing acne.

Rice. 10. The photo shows pustular acne.

Rice. 11. The photo shows an indurative form of acne. Inflammatory process affects neighboring areas and penetrates deep into the tissue. Pustules are located on a dense base. Infiltrates are often extensive, their surface is bumpy. The disease leaves rough, disfiguring scars.

Rice. 12. The photo shows nodular cystic acne. Nodes more than 1 cm in diameter, always painful, protrude deep into the dermis, often merge, forming extensive infiltrates with fistulous tracts. When healing occurs, cyst-like formations remain. The skin of the face is most often affected.

Rice. 13. The photo shows cystic acne.

Rice. 14. In the photo, the acne on the back and chest is conglobate (spherical). Nodules, ulcerations, cysts and abscesses are the main elements of inflammation. The diameter of the nodes reaches 1 - 4 cm. Merging, the nodes form sharply painful conglomerates. Long-term non-healing abscesses often form. Healing occurs with the formation of rough bridge-shaped scars. The skin of the torso and chest is affected, much less often - the face. Acne conglobates occur in men with an additional Y chromosome, less often in women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome.

Rice. 15. The photo shows excoriated acne. The disease occurs when pimples are scratched and squeezed out. Sometimes this condition develops into neurosis, which is characterized by behavior deviating from the norm.

Stage III: acne healing

All types of juvenile acne leave scars. When the pustules heal, small atrophic (smallpox-like) scars remain, sometimes pigmented.

When spherical, abscessive and phlegmonous acne heals, hypertrophic and, less commonly, keloid scars remain, disfiguring the skin.

Rice. 16. Atrophic scars form after healing of pustular acne.

Rice. 17. Chronic course The disease often ends in the formation of scar tissue.

Rice. 18. The photo shows acne keloid (keloid acne). In the back of the head, dense pink rashes are visible, which are inflammation of the follicles located at the border of smooth skin and scalp. The disease is long-lasting and torpid. The affected areas become sclerotic over time.

Seborrhea and acne

Hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands show increased sensitivity to male sex hormones. Under their influence, the sebaceous gland begins to produce and secrete an increased amount of sebum. The more sebum is produced, the more severe the acne. The balance between female and male sex hormones is disrupted (increasing the latter) in the period 14 - 25 years.

Increased sebum production is observed with seborrhea. Seborrheic background can be thick, liquid and mixed. Acne develops against the background of a thick or mixed form of oily seborrhea, which is most often recorded in adolescents, less often in boys. Mixed seborrhea appears more often on the face, dry seborrhea on the scalp. Long-term use of glucocorticoids, anabolic steroids, testosterone and progesterone, and disruptions in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system contribute to the development of seborrhea.

Rice. 19. The photo shows steroid acne. The disease occurs as a result of long-term use of fluorinated and non-fluorinated corticosteroids. There are no comedones. The rashes are of the same type and disappear after discontinuation of the drug.

The appearance of acne in an adult is a reason to consult an endocrinologist.

How to get rid of acne on your face at home

How to get rid of acne on your face? This is a question that 9 out of 10 people have asked and are asking in their lives. Acne is reported in 85% of adolescents and 20% of adults. They appear on the face, back and chest. Half of all women experience acne on their faces regularly. Acne appears in a person up to the age of 50.

Acne is located on the skin of the face, chest and back - in areas where the largest number of sebaceous glands are located. The disease can be mild (open comedones), moderate in severity (closed comedones and papules), and severe (pustules).

Acne is a serious disease. Only a doctor knows how to get rid of acne on the face, back and chest. However, you can do a lot yourself at home.

Conducting a clinical and laboratory examination of the patient, finding out the causes of acne and identifying risk factors is the responsibility of the doctor before starting treatment.

Treating acne on the face, chest and back is not an easy task. As soon as acne appears, you should immediately consult a doctor. The doctor will help you understand the causes of the disease. Perhaps, along with external therapy, the doctor will recommend general therapy, hyposensitizing, detoxification and vitamin therapy. A mandatory component of complex treatment is a balanced and rational diet.

Sexually transmitted infections, polycystic ovary syndrome, gastritis, which is caused by Heliobacter, are often combined with early forms of acne.
Uterine fibroids, mastopathy, inflammatory diseases pelvic organs, recurrent candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and other diseases caused by hormonal dysfunction are often combined with late forms of acne.

Drug treatment for acne must be adequate and consistent.

External therapy prescribed for mild to moderate acne. It is intended to use creams, gels, ointments and lotions containing substances that:

prevent the formation of comedones or destroy them,
reduce sebum production,
prevent the development of inflammation.

General therapy is prescribed when local therapy is ineffective and severe acne and involves the use of:

antibiotics,
synthetic derivatives of vitamin A (isotretinoin),
drugs specific immunotherapy,
antiandrogens.

Limiting the intake of easily digestible carbohydrates, the amount of animal fats, extractives and table salt— basic principles of dietary nutrition in the treatment of acne.

Skin cleansing is an essential component of daily care.

Daily cleansing of the skin is a must when treating acne on the face and other parts of the body. Foams, gels and lotions are used for this purpose. They remove excess oil and do not dry out the skin. It is not recommended to use soap. The frequency of washing when treating acne should not exceed 1 - 2 times a day.

The gel cleanses the skin well "Cleanans"(France). In this case, the hydrolipid film is not damaged.
The cleansing gel is part of the medicinal cosmetics series "Exfoliak"(France).
Cleansing lotion and washing gel are part of the series "Clerasil Ultra".
Gel for cleansing facial skin is part of the series "Cetaphil", "Sebium" And "Sfingogel".
Cleansing gel for oily facial skin is part of the series "Zeniac."

Degrease and disinfect the skin with alcohol solutions with antibiotics (5% chloramphenicol), 2% resorcinol, 1 - 2% salicylic acid solution, 5 - 10% alcohol solution of camphor.

Frequent washing leads to increased dryness of the skin and a decrease in its protective properties.

Cleansed skin is treated with tonic. For acne, preference should be given to tonics that contain keratolytics and comedolytics. These products have the ability to exfoliate dead cells, prevent the accumulation of sebum and horny scales in the mouths of the follicles, and reduce inflammation.

Rice. 20. The photo shows acne on the face.

Reducing sebum production, normalizing the processes of keratinization and death of epidermal cells, suppressing microflora and reducing inflammation are the basic principles in the treatment of acne.

Using keratolytics to treat acne at home

In the cells of the epidermis, the process of keratinization constantly occurs, as a result of which keratin protein and fats are deposited in the stratum corneum, which is why it becomes strong and elastic. When the processes of exfoliation of the stratum corneum of the skin are disrupted, retention hyperkeratosis develops. The mouth of the follicle becomes clogged with horny scales, as a result of which sebum accumulates in the cavity of the follicle, forming microcomedones and open and closed comedones.

Keratolytic drugs normalize the keratinization processes occurring in the mouths of the follicles, preventing the formation of microcomedones and conditions for the development of bacteria.

Benzoyl peroxide (Baziron, OXU-5, OXU-10, Klerasil-ultra)

Benzoyl peroxide is organic compound. The drug has been used in the treatment of acne for many years. It has the ability to kill propionic acid bacteria without causing the emergence of resistant strains. Its keratolytic and comedolytic action allows the drug to be used not only for the correction of open and closed comedones, but also for the treatment of inflammatory elements of acne. Benzoyl peroxide does not affect sebum production. The drug is available in various forms (cleansing gel, tonic, scrub, corrective preparations), which makes it convenient to use in various settings (at home, at work, while traveling, etc.).

Rice. 21. In the photo, Baziron and Retin-A are keratolytics and comedolytics, widely used in the treatment of acne of various locations.

Retinoid drugs

Preparations of the retinoid group are structurally close to vitamin A. A representative of the retinoid group is the drug Retin-A, containing tretinoin. It has a keratolytic and comedolytic effect, reduces sebum production, has a weak anti-inflammatory effect, and helps smooth the skin. The drug promotes the opening of closed comedones and their transition to papules, followed by healing without scars.

Adapalene (Klenzit, Differin) is a synthetic analogue of retinoic acid. Used topically for comedones. Adapalene in combination with an antibiotic (Klenzit-S) is used when inflammatory elements of acne appear. The retinoid isotretinoin (Roaccutane) is prescribed for severe acne.

Rice. 22. In the photo, Klenzit and Klenzit-S are synthetic analogues of retinoic acid. The drugs are widely used in the treatment of comedones.

Azelloic acid

Azelloic acid is included in the preparations Skinoren, Azelik, Azix-Derm. It stops the growth and reproduction of propionic acid bacteria. Under its influence, the fraction of free fatty acids in the surface lipids of the skin decreases and the proliferation of keratinocytes is inhibited. The drug is available in the form of cream and gel.

Rice. 23. The photo shows acne products Skinoren and Azelik for topical use with azeloic acid.

Salicylic acid

Salicylic acid has antimicrobial and keratolytic properties (coagulates proteins, including microbial ones), improves tissue trophism, and reduces pain.

Rice. 24. In the photo, the acne remedy is salicylic acid (solution for external use).

Resorcinol

Resorcinol is an antiseptic. By coagulating proteins, the drug thereby has a keratolytic effect and has an antipruritic effect.

When using acne products, carefully read the instructions for use of the drug and strictly follow its instructions. Stick to the drug use plan! Consult your doctor if side effects occur and discuss the results of acne treatment with your doctor.

Antimicrobials for treating acne at home

For inflammatory elements of acne in the form of papules and pustules, antibacterial drugs for external use can be used independently, since they do not have the pronounced effectiveness of systemic antibiotic therapy.

Topical preparations suppress the growth of bacteria:

Benzoyl peroxide (Baziron AS) gel.
Azelloic acid (Skinoren) gel and cream.
Fusidic acid ointment, cream.
Erythromycin ointment.
Clindamycin (Dalacin-gel).
Lincomycin ointment.
Metronidazole gel.
Pyolysin ointment.
Zenerite (erythromycin/zinc acetate) powder.
Zinc hyaluronate (Curiosin) gel.

Degrease and disinfect the skin with alcohol solutions with antibiotics (5% chloramphenicol), 2% resorcinol, 2 - 5% salicylic acid solution, 5 - 10% alcohol solution of camphor.

Don't squeeze pimples! When squeezed, the infection spreads into the deep layers of the skin and non-inflamed elements.

Therapeutic cosmetics for acne treatment

Modern medicinal cosmetics will help you get rid of acne. Her choice should be based on the form of acne and the severity of the disease. Medicinal cosmetics should have a keratolytic, sebum-regulating and antibacterial effect, and should clean and moisturize the skin well.

Today there are many lines of medicinal cosmetics for acne treatment on the market:

Products from the Exfoliak series (France), including hygiene gel and creams for the treatment of acne of varying severity.
Therapeutic cosmetics “Aven” from the “Cleanans” line. It has a sebum-regulating and keratoregulating effect.
Products from the series “Clerasil Ultra”, “Cetaphil”, “Zeniac”.

Remedies for acne for sensitive skin are represented by La Roche Pose thermal water, Toleran Fluid protective emulsion, and Rosaliac products.

Efaklar products and the Klerasil Ultra treatment series are especially designed for oily skin.

Curiosin and Mederma gels, Piolysin ointment, Diaknel cream with a unique combination of retinaldehyde and glycolic acid prevent the development of scar tissue and even out the skin texture. They help smooth out the skin texture and prevent the formation of scars.

Rice. 25. The photo shows anti-acne products from the “Clerasil” line.

If you have acne, you should not sunbathe. Excessive sun exposure increases sebum production.

General therapy for acne

In cases where the use of external therapy for 3 months has not produced results, as well as in severe forms of acne, general (systemic) treatment is used, which includes the use of antibiotics, synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, specific immunotherapy and antiandrogens.

Antibiotic therapy

For acne, the use of macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics for 2 to 3 weeks is indicated. Antibiotics of the cephalosporin group and gentamicin are indicated for phlegmonous acne.

Synthetic vitamin A derivatives

The substance isotretinoin is a synthetic derivative of vitamin A. The retinoid isotretinoin (the drug Roaccutane) is a dermatoprotector. The drug has anti-inflammatory, anti-acne and antiseborrheic effects. When used, terminal differentiation of cells is normalized, proliferation of the epithelium of the sebaceous gland ducts is inhibited, the formation of detritus is reduced and its evacuation is facilitated, the production of sebum is reduced and the outflow of sebum is facilitated.

Rice. 26. The photo shows the results of acne treatment with Roaccutane.

Antiandrogens

Drugs in this group ( Andokur, Diane-35, Janine, Cyproterone, Spironolactone) reduce sebum production. Antiandrogens are prescribed to women in case of prolonged acne, when antibiotic therapy and topical isotretinoin are ineffective. Antiandrogens are used only after consultation with a gynecologist and endocrinologist. Oral administration antiandrogens must be combined with the use of a complex of medicinal cosmetics.

Specific immunotherapy

Specific immunotherapy is indicated in the treatment of phlegmonous acne. Treatment is prescribed and carried out under the supervision of a doctor. Toxoid, antifagin, gamma globulin and other drugs are used.

Rice. 27. In the photo there are acne on the face. Heavy current. Systemic treatment is required.

Additional Acne Treatments

To speed up the resolution of acne inflammation, additional treatment methods are used:

Electrophoresis with ichthyol solution and cryomassage.
For nodular cystic acne, administration of hormonal drug triamcinolone with the antibiotic gentamicin inside the lesion.
For severe acne, autohemotherapy is indicated.
For hyperpigmentation, scarring and pseudoatrophy, microcrystalline dermabrasion and superficial chemical peels are indicated. Deep resurfacing may lead to recurrence of the disease.

Rice. 28. The photo shows the effect of using a laser in the treatment of acne.

Acne is a serious disease. Only a doctor knows how to get rid of acne on the face, back and chest. Acne treatment is mainly carried out at home.

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