Increased sensitivity to sunlight. Why is the light sensitivity of the eyes impaired? Children's period and photosensitivity of the eyes

Light sensitivity of the eyes is an uncomfortable condition that manifests itself under artificial or daylight conditions. In the period of twilight and night time this state disappears.

taking medications, after which the pupil does not narrow;
working conditions that cause adverse factors;
corneal erosion;
individual bad habits;
retinal detachment;
constant television viewing;
corneal burn;
congenital absence of iris pigment;
with red-green blindness (color blindness);
intensive work at the computer;
hereditary predisposition;
incorrectly selected contact lenses;
eye diseases.

A short reaction of the eyes to a sharp change in lighting (transition from a dark room to a brightly lit one, etc.) for several seconds or minutes is considered within the normative functionality. In winter, snow sensitivity can last even longer.

But if the problem continues for several hours, there is involuntary lacrimation, a feeling of pain in the eyes, pain syndrome, squinting, then this is the first sign of some kind of disorder affecting the visual system. Sudden changes in lighting can cause headaches. The problem requires an immediate solution and consultation with an ophthalmologist.

Symptoms of photophobia

Increased photosensitivity may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

headaches;
involuntary release of tears;
dilated state of the pupils;
hyperemia;
unclear outlines of objects;
reduced level of visual acuity;
feeling of "sand" in the eyes.

For each of the symptoms, it is possible to presumably establish the causes of the disease.

lacrimation

Together with the fear of light, it occurs in diseases:

Injuries of mechanical origin - upon impact, ingress of foreign bodies and soap solutions (soap, shampoo) are accompanied by:

pain in the affected organ;
an obscure veil before the eyes, which makes it difficult to consider objects;
constriction of the pupil.

Damage to the cornea - occurs with keratitis, allergic reactions, infectious diseases of the eyes, sores and erosions, burns and differ:

secretions of pus;
pain syndrome;
self-closing of the eyelids;
a decrease in the quality of vision;
sensations of foreign substances under the eyelid;
hyperemia;
decrease in the level of transparency of the stratum corneum.

Migraines - pathology manifests itself:

painful sensations in one part of the head;
bilateral photophobia;
nausea;
intolerance to sharp sounds;
lacrimation.

Also, lacrimation is accompanied by the following ailments:

conjunctivitis;
infection of the trigeminal nerve with a herpes infection;
with SARS, influenza;
abnormal development of the eyes;
chronic retinitis;
retinal melanoma;
violations of normative metabolism and movement of fluid in the eyeballs;
intraocular hemorrhages;
paralytic conditions of the oculomotor nerves;
lack of melanin;
enhanced functionality of the thyroid gland;
hemorrhagic strokes;
meningitis;
encephalitis.

Rise in body temperature

The combination of high temperature and light phobia occurs when:

meningitis;
encephalitis;
endophthalmitis;
uveitis with purulent etiology;
hemorrhagic stroke;
trigeminal neuralgia;

In some cases, an abscess of the brain is indicated by an increase in temperature, which manifests itself in paralysis of the facial nerves, asymmetry of the muscles of the face.

Headaches

Diseases reported: migraine, abscess, acromegaly, meningitis, encephalitis, acute glaucoma, stroke. Accompanied by a syndrome of squeezing - the patient's personal feelings about the "head in a hoop".

Nausea

Intoxication of the body or increased intracranial pressure reports the presence of hemorrhagic stroke, encephalitis, migraine, brain abscess, meningitis.

Pain syndrome

Acute cutting pain in the eyes indicates possible pathological conditions - uveitis, keratitis, burns, ulcerative lesions of the cornea, conjunctivitis, astigmatism, trigeminal neuralgia, blepharitis.

Children's period and photosensitivity of the eyes

The main root cause of photophobia in childhood is considered to be a congenital pathological condition in which there is no melanin pigment. Its insufficient presence in the iris can also provoke light phobia.

Separately, a number of diseases related to the childhood period that can cause this symptomatology are distinguished:

Conjunctivitis - of various types (allergic, viral or bacterial origin), provoking inflammatory processes in the mucous membranes of the eyes, the main symptoms of which are photophobia and profuse lacrimation.
Paralysis of the motor nerve - occurs with the drooping of the upper eyelid, in which the pupil does not change its size, is not able to adapt to changes in the upper illumination. The causes of this disease are multiple, but all cause increased photosensitivity.
Acrodynia - characterized by a pink tint to the skin of the hands and feet, with a sticky feeling when touched. Against the background of high sweating, high blood pressure, photosensitivity is formed.
Ophthalmopathy of endocrine origin - a violation of the functionality of the thyroid gland leads to manifestations of specific symptoms - sensations of foreign bodies in the eyes, pressure on them and photophobia.
Keratoconjunctivitis with tuberculosis-allergic etiology - if children have tuberculosis of the lymph nodes, the pulmonary system, one of the eyes is affected.

Any manifestations of fear of light in babies - squinting, refusing to go out into the sun, lacrimation, you need to seek help from a pediatric ophthalmologist. Timely prescribed treatment will help preserve the child's vision and avoid blindness.

Self-medication in childhood is strictly prohibited, the use of any eye drops, solutions and ointments is fraught with complications. Without determining the root cause of the development of photosensitivity, no doctor will prescribe treatment, the pediatrician will recommend consultation with an ophthalmologist and other specialists.

The health of children's eyes is more fragile than that of adults. Insufficient development of the organs of vision often requires treatment of diseases in a hospital.

Diagnosis of the disease

When contacting a medical institution, the patient is sent for the following manipulations:

ophthalmoscopy - examination of the bottom of the eyes, using the pupil, which is pre-expanded with preparations containing atropine;
biomicroscopy - search for rebirths of the vitreous body and segments of the bottom of the eye through a specialized slit lamp;
perimetry - determination of visual fields;
tonometry - aimed at measuring the level of intraocular pressure;
gonioscopy - viewing the border of the iris and cornea;
pachymetry - measuring the volume of the corneas;
Ultrasound - if it is impossible to conduct a standard examination of the bottom of the eyes;
angiography - on the patency of the vessels through which the eye structures are nourished;
optical tomography - to detect changes in the tissue components of the retina;
PCR - tests for viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens from the conjunctival sac.

If all the above methods of research do not give results and show normative indicators, then the patient is referred for a consultation with a neurologist. With further appointment:

MRG of the brain;
electroencephalography;
dopplerography - examination of the vessels of the neck;
Ultrasound of the thyroid gland;
analyzes for the content of hormones;
x-ray studies of the lung system.

With positive results, further treatment is carried out by an endocrinologist, in case of lesions due to tuberculosis - by a phthisiatrician.

Treatment of hypersensitivity of the eyes

The effectiveness of treatment lies in the correct determination of the primary source of this disease with the appointment of symptomatic agents that can save not only the disease itself, but also the manifestations. During the passage of therapeutic manipulations, the patient is recommended to follow certain rules to alleviate the general condition:

wearing on bright sunny days specialized glasses that do not transmit ultraviolet radiation, sold in pharmacy ophthalmological chains;
when the body reacts to a certain type of drug, it can be replaced with a preliminary consultation with an ophthalmologist and with his approval;
a temporary type of receptor photosensitivity is treated with eye drops and ointments based on antiviral, antibacterial and moisturizing drugs.

Congenital diseases that provoke permanent photosensitivity require the wearing of protective tinted glasses, special purpose or similar contact lenses. With their help, uncomfortable sensations in the eyes are reduced, the general standard of living of the patient is increased.

The selection of such auxiliary protective equipment should be handled by the attending physician. Self-wearing, without prior consultation, can worsen the course of the disease, causing additional unpleasant symptoms. Which subsequently require self-treatment.

Preventive actions

To prevent the recurrence of the disease in the future, it is necessary to adhere to the requirements:

constant observance of hygiene rules - washing hands, avoiding touching the eyes with dirty handkerchiefs, towels, etc .;
when working with welding equipment, it is mandatory to use special glasses, protective masks;
with constant dry eye syndrome, instill drops that correspond to the composition of your own tears;
do daily therapeutic exercises for the eyes, the methods of which will be introduced by an ophthalmologist;
use sunglasses when going out into the bright sun, with the "UV protection" function, do not purchase glasses and contact lenses in dubious places, but only in specialized institutions.

A timely appeal to a highly qualified specialist will reduce the duration of treatment and eliminate the recurrence of this disease and the occurrence of concomitant ones. Toddlers who have been diagnosed with "light sensitivity of the eyes" must undergo mandatory examinations at least twice a year and have their own goggles and contact lenses.

The use of traditional medicine methods in the treatment of this disease is not recommended - the results are not predictable, and the consequences can be dangerous not only for visual acuity, but also for its possible loss in the future.

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Increased light sensitivity of the eyes - when after the transition from darkness to light for more than an hour, the retina cannot adapt to new conditions. At this time, the eyes hurt, increased lacrimation begins, a feeling of pressure appears in the organ of vision, a corolla-areola is seen around the light source.

Prolonged discomfort is a sign of a disease of the organ of vision. It is impossible to maintain a clear look when tears begin to flow when the light changes. To find out what the violation of light perception is connected with, you need to consult a doctor.

Short-term discomfort with changes in light is considered normal. It passes within a few seconds - but can last up to 1.5-2 minutes.

With colds and infectious diseases - especially those accompanied by fever - the adaptation time increases. In addition, bright light begins to irritate, you have to squint your eyes even on a normal sunny day.

The sensitivity of the eyes can be increased by yourself if you constantly use sunglasses in the summer. In the room, then the bright light will also begin to irritate.

The following factors affect light susceptibility:

some medications - as soon as their action ends, the perception of light returns to normal;
age-related changes;
visual impairment due to eye diseases - macular degeneration and glaucoma.

Any deterioration in vision is a reason to see a doctor. It is possible to stop the development of glaucoma only at the initial stage of the disease.

However, it is considered normal if lacrimation increases on a clear winter day. After a short attack of snowy ophthalmia, vision is restored quickly. If the snow expanses have to be observed for a long time with unprotected eyes, the restoration of vision may take several days.

But again, the body is able to cope with this condition on its own, it is enough to take care of the eyes and avoid bright light.

The human eye is not an optimal analyzer. To cause a sensation of light, 2 colors are perceived at once - if the perception is disturbed, then discomfort arises.

Solar radiation is the maximum of the visibility curve, it is on it that the human eye is tuned.

In the organ of vision - in its retina - there are sensitive elements: optic nerve fibers and photoreceptors. When exposed to electromagnetic radiation in the range from 760 to 380 nm, a sensation of light arises. Light-sensitive receptors are turned deep into the retina, the outer shell of which consists of epithelial cells with black pigment.

An impulse of excitation appears in the cells under the action of light, which causes photochemical reactions in them. The impulses provoked by this process are transmitted to the brain, as a result of which visual sensations are formed.

Under the action of light, the retina evaluates the environment, according to two characteristics - qualitative and quantitative. The quantitative characteristic is the sensation of brightness, the qualitative one is the sensation of color. Perception is determined by the wavelength of light and the spectral composition.

Photoreceptors are divided into rods and cones. Rods are more light-sensitive, they are responsible for brightness, and cones distinguish colors and shades.

The graph, relative to which you can approximately understand how the color and light sensitivity of the eyes are distributed, is as follows.

This picture shows that the perception of bright light and contrast for a person is a mixture of red, green and blue. An increase in the photosensitivity of the eyes is a change in the proportions between the analyzers located in the organ of vision - with an artificial amplification of one of the spectra, painful sensations appear.

It is impossible to depict the light sensitivity of the eyes with a picture, there are very complex formulas, the radiation spectrum is estimated by optical formulas.

The reciprocal of the minimum - threshold brightness, which causes visual sensations, is called the light sensitivity of the eye.

The limits of its change are quite wide, which is why the human eye has enormous visual adaptation capabilities - the ability to adapt to light of different brightness.

During adaptation, the following happens:

the diameter of the pupil varies, which allows you to change the perception of the light flux;
inside the organ of vision, the concentration of photosensitivity of undecomposed pigment decreases;
cones and rods with dark pigment, which are located in the choroid, move towards the vitreous body and screen the image;
depending on the brightness of the object, the degree of participation of rods and cones in the excitation of light sensation changes.

During the light sensitivity test, the subject is placed in a dark room. Under these conditions, photosensitivity is determined - how transitions from the lower limit to the upper one and vice versa affect the organ of vision.

The absolute threshold of susceptibility or the lower limit is only a few tens of photons per second - such a flow of energy is directed to the organ of vision in almost complete darkness. The upper limit is 1012 times higher. Adaptation should be less than a minute for young people - by old age, its time may increase.

Cause increased sensitivity to such reasons:

congenital absence of pigment;
long stay at the computer - eye fatigue;
retinal disinsertion;
eye diseases - iritis, keratitis, ulcers and damage to the cornea, tumors.

There is photophobia after hitting the eyes with bright light - for example, during welding or with snowy ophthalmia.

Also, discomfort from intense light appears during many diseases that occur with a high temperature. One of the symptoms of childhood diseases - measles and scarlet fever - is an increased reaction to light.

Symptoms of hypersensitivity may include:

increased lacrimation;
pain and pain in the organ of vision;
spasms causing convulsive closure of the eyelids.

A sharp change in illumination provokes an attack of acute headache.

The ophthalmologist conducts a test to determine the photosensitivity, setting the limit that the eye can tolerate without problems and developing measures to help adapt to bright light.

The underlying disease or causes that cause photosensitivity often require serious treatment, and sometimes elimination - for example, if the underdevelopment of the visual apparatus is hereditary - is impossible. In this case, it is necessary to adjust your existence in the solar season.

It is mandatory to wear sunglasses - in a brightly lit room it is also required to use a protective device, only with less intensively tinted glasses.

Temporary phenomena of increasing light perception are treated - for this, eye drops are used, which have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic components in their composition. Drops with moisturizing properties are also used, a complex of vitamins is prescribed.

Rational nutrition is of great importance in the state of the organ of vision. The lack of vitamins A and C immediately affects the functions of the visual apparatus.

To save your eyesight, you need to contact an ophthalmologist in time. Long-term adaptation to changes in light and discomfort in intense sunlight, which appeared suddenly, are a sufficient reason for a visit to an ophthalmologist.

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Under Photophobia refers to the painful sensitivity of the eyes to light., in which a person, when it hits, has unpleasant sensations in the eyes and tearing, which makes the eyes squint strongly. Sometimes photophobia is also called sunphobia or photophobia.

It should be noted that in some cases one has to deal with an erroneous diagnosis of photophobia in patients who have a pathological fear of exposure to the sun.

This pathological condition is called heliophobia and is a mental illness that is in no way associated with a violation of the organ of vision.

Causes of the disease

To begin with, it should be noted that photophobia is a symptom of another disease, and not an independent nosological unit, for this reason, when photophobia is detected in patients, it is necessary to direct all efforts to diagnose the primary pathological process that led to sunphobia.

The causes of the disease may be different. So, as such, diseases (for example, conjunctivitis) or structural features of the eye (for example, albinism), general diseases (for example, a cold or migraine), adverse environmental effects (for example, excess ultraviolet radiation) can act as such.

It often happens that doctors may also encounter congenital cases of photophobia, in which the eye reacts to daylight and artificial light due to a lack of a pigment called melanin or due to its complete absence in the body.

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The main causes of cataracts, as well as methods of diagnosis and treatment, can be read at this address: in addition, taking certain medications can also cause increased eye sensitivity to light. For example, to effectively diagnose the fundus, doctors instill drugs into the eyes that dilate the pupil, as a result of which it does not narrow under the action of sunlight and, as a result, the retina is exposed to increased exposure to light rays.

Another cause of photophobia can be an adverse reaction to taking quinine, tetracycline, doxycycline, belladonna, furosemide.

In recent years, cases of photophobia associated with a long stay of a person at a computer (the so-called “computer visual syndrome”) have become more frequent, which is a consequence of the development of increased eye sensitivity to wind and light against the background of visual stress and constant drying.

Meanwhile, some diseases can also cause an exacerbated reaction to the light of the organ of vision:

conjunctivitis (this is an acute or chronic inflammatory disease of the connective membrane of the eye)

ulcers and lesions of the cornea

tumors

keratitis (an inflammation of the cornea of the eye)

iritis (inflammation of the iris of the eye)

Photophobia can also occur due to eye damage by bright light (for example, snowy ophthalmia, which implies damage to the cornea as a result of a large amount of sun rays reflected from snow; when welding without glasses, when looking at the sun, etc.) , retinal detachment and refractive surgery.

There are frequent cases of photophobia during a migraine attack, with diseases of the central nervous system (meningitis, tumors) or during an acute attack of glaucoma. In addition, long-term wearing of lenses (especially if they were incorrectly selected) can lead to increased sensitivity of the eyes to light.

Note that in rare cases, doctors have to deal with photophobia caused by botulism, mercury poisoning, chronic fatigue, and depression.

Symptoms

The symptoms of photophobia of the eyes are clearly defined by the very name of the pathology: intolerance to bright light by the eyes. At the same time, increased sensitivity and reaction of the eye to light can be caused by natural and artificial light sources.

The clinical picture of photophobia consists of the following symptoms:

spasms (or convulsive closure) of the eyelids

headache

lacrimation

Pain in the eyes

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The most effective methods of treating barley on the eye, as well as possible complications, can be found in this publication.

Methods for the treatment of photophobia

Treatment of photophobia is determined by the treatment of the underlying disease, which led to the development of increased sensitivity of the organ of vision to light. If it is not possible to eliminate the primary pathological process for certain reasons, then adjustments should be made to everyday life.

So, on sunny days it is forbidden to go out without sunglasses, which must have a filter against ultraviolet rays (100% protection), for this reason they should be bought only in specialized stores.

Temporary photophobia, which is the result of a slight inflammation of the eyes, is treated with eye drops, which should contain moisturizing, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic components, vitamins. Such drops in some cases allow you to get rid of photophobia within a few days.

viewangle.net
Photosensitivity of the eyes is a heightened sensitivity of the organs of vision to light, which is accompanied by involuntary closing of the eyelids, and in some cases, lacrimation. This usually happens after the transition from darkness to light or vice versa. It is difficult for the retina to adapt to new conditions, resulting in non-derivative lacrimation and closure of the eyelids. Increased photosensitivity, which is also called photophobia, can occur due to such factors:

taking certain medications that provoke pupil dilation;

unfavorable working conditions;

bad habits;

intensive work at the computer and constant TV viewing;

infections;

heredity;

eye diseases.

Note that short-term photophobia is quite normal and does not need treatment. As a rule, this happens with a sharp change in lighting, for example, turning on the light and lasts no more than 2-3 seconds. If a person's eyes are constantly too sensitive to light, this indicates a disorder of the visual system.

Photophobia can be accompanied by serious eye diseases and become a symptom of an eye disease.

Photophobia usually occurs in a complex of other symptoms, which indicates either an eye pathology or a disease that affects the nervous system.

(scientific name photophobia) is a pathological reaction to light. When we come out of the dark into the light or into too bright light, we usually squint to protect our eyes until they adapt to the new conditions. This is a normal reaction. If, however, there is no getting used to the lighting regime, and not only too bright light is inconvenient, but also normal lighting, then photophobia is evident. The light makes you want to close your eyes, cover yourself with your hand. Being in the light can cause,.

Causes of photophobia

Photophobia may be congenital. So, albinos are people who lack the hormone melanin, which is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes. - are highly sensitive to light.

Acquired(that is, sudden onset, developed) photophobia can be a sign of various diseases.

First of all, photophobia can be observed in the case of eye diseases, such as:

meningitis;

tension headache and some others.

If photophobia is of neurological origin, it usually accompanies it, and even can be observed. In the case of infectious diseases (meningitis, encephalitis), photophobia, as a rule, manifests itself against the background.

If light tolerance does not recover naturally, a doctor should be consulted.

If photophobia is accompanied by acute pain in the eyes, you should consult an ophthalmologist as soon as possible - there may be significant damage to the structures of the eye.

If you have other symptoms (headache, fever, nausea), you should first contact a general practitioner (general practitioner, family doctor or pediatrician), who will understand the causes of the disease and, if necessary, refer you to a neurologist.

Treatment of photophobia is to eliminate the cause that led to the onset of the symptom. During the treatment period, the doctor may advise you to wear tinted glasses to eliminate discomfort.

Violation of the adaptation of the eyes to bright sunlight is short-term and persistent with severe symptoms of pathology. Photosensitivity of the eyes - painful perception of light beams when they hit the retina. In 98% of cases, this is a two-way process.

Causes

There are two main causes of the pathological condition. The first is a side effect of therapeutic treatment with pharmaceuticals.

List of drugs that cause photophobia:

funds used in ophthalmic practice (eye drops, ointments);
antibiotics - tetracycline, doxycycline;
drugs to lower blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus;
statins - means to reduce cholesterol in the vascular walls and prevent cardiovascular diseases;
NSAIDs - Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Ketoprofen.

The second common cause is diseases of various etiologies, in which photosensitivity is a concomitant symptom. These include such diseases:

conjunctivitis and keratitis (inflammation of the mucous and cornea);
infectious meningitis;
SARS and other viral diseases;
neurological diseases;
mental disorders - depression, hallucinations, sleep disturbance;
chronic fatigue syndrome.

Temporary fear of light occurs when working at a computer for a long time, when going outside without protective glasses, when the sun is as bright as possible - both in summer and in winter. If you stay in a dark room for several hours and then go outside, sunlight can provoke the development of non-pathological photophobia.

One-sided photosensitivity of the eye appears when a foreign body enters the conjunctiva.

Symptoms of photophobia

It is easy to determine the signs of photosensitivity on your own. As soon as streams of bright light hit the retina, unpleasant sensations and discomfort appear in the eye socket. The man is trying to squint his eyes. Even dim light can cause irritation.

In parallel, there is a spasm of the eyelids. For some people, the pupil dilates. Eyeballs become pink or deep red. A person involuntarily begins to blink frequently. Complains of a feeling of sand in the eyes. Some people experience a temporary decrease in the quality of their vision.

In children

In babies, the appearance of sensitivity to light is due to the fact that the visual organs are not sufficiently developed. The symptom occurs in response to stimulation of both natural light and artificial lighting. The child's defense mechanism is triggered, he begins to blink rapidly and squint. If this symptom persists for a long time, manifests itself regularly for several days, this is a reason to see a pediatrician.

In infants, the main causes of photophobia are:

congenital photosensitivity;
childhood infectious diseases - rubella, measles;
aniridia - absence of the iris of the eye;
cryptophthalmos - absence of eyelids;
anomalies of the eyeball - microphthalmos, anophthalmos;
underdevelopment of eye structures - iris, cornea, lens, vitreous body;
retinopathy of prematurity is a severe pathology of the eyes with structural and functional changes in the retina, vitreous body.

In preschool children, photosensitivity is manifested in the usual inflammatory processes in the eye (conjunctivitis), which develop against the background of colds (ARI, influenza). Less often - when a foreign body enters the eye.

Schoolchildren suffer from photophobia for the following reasons:

systematic overstrain of the organ of vision;
violation of the daily routine;
constant sleep deprivation at night;
lack of physical activity according to age requirements;
chronic fatigue;
wearing contact lenses.

Symptoms in children are directly dependent on the causes. If a child has an acute inflammatory process, a childhood infection (measles), photosensitivity will be accompanied by an increase in body temperature, increased lacrimation.

Signs in children are as follows: they are afraid to look at the sunny sky, out the window, at the source of artificial color. At the same time, the eyes itch, itch, hurt. You can often hear a complaint (false) that something got into the eye.

In case of serious diseases (nerve paralysis, developmental anomalies), signs of photophobia are accompanied by such manifestations:

increased sweating;
redness of the skin;
drooping eyelid (ptosis);
dilated pupil, does not respond to light stimulus.

Associated symptoms

In 80-90% of cases, the sensitivity of the organ of vision to the sun's rays is accompanied by lacrimation. If such a combination of symptoms occurs, one of the diseases should be suspected:

foreign body, mechanical injury, chemical burn;
inflammation of the mucous or choroid of the eye;
corneal erosion;
SARS, influenza;
retinal detachment;
hemorrhage in the vitreous body;
enlargement of the thyroid gland;
severe headaches (migraines);
meningitis, encephalitis.

Photophobia is often combined with discomfort and pain in the eyes. Signs are observed with chemical burns, corneal injuries, glaucoma, purulent inflammation of various structures of the eye, chronic allergies with conjunctival damage (spring catarrh).

Many patients have reddening of the mucous membrane, sclera. This indicates the presence of an inflammatory viral, bacterial process.

Rarely, photosensitivity is accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Such a tandem occurs with an infection of the brain, spinal cord, inflammation of the trigeminal nerve, brain abscess, stroke as a result of hemorrhage.

Light sensitivity with migraine is diagnosed with inflammation of the meninges, regular mental stress, dysfunction of the pituitary gland, an acute attack of glaucoma with a sharp increase in intraocular pressure.

Pain in the eyes and photophobia occur with infectious inflammation of the conjunctiva, choroid, cornea, astigmatism. Unbearable throbbing pains radiating to the brain are manifested in trigeminal neuralgia.

Some people may experience nausea that is not associated with heavy meals. This condition is typical for hypertensive patients, as well as with an increase in intraocular pressure.

Diagnosis of the disease

The main task of diagnostics is to identify the disease that led to increased photosensitivity of the patient's organ of vision.

During the initial visit, the doctor conducts an eye examination - ophthalmoscopy. With the help of an ophthalmoscope or a special lens, the state of the anterior chamber of the eye, retina, fundus vessels, and optic nerve are studied.

To assess the vitreous body, the fundus, to identify pathological changes, biomicroscopy is prescribed (a technique for examining the eye using a slit lamp).

If glaucoma is suspected, tonometry is done - the measurement of intraocular pressure.

Additional methods of examination of patients:

perimetry - determination of the boundaries of the field of view;
Ultrasound of the eyes - a visual assessment of structures (the lens, retrobulbar tissue, oculomotor muscles);
optical tomography - digital reconstruction of the eye, which allows you to visualize the organ in great detail;
electroretinography - assessment of the functionality of the retina;
microbiological analysis of a smear of the detachable conjunctiva, bacteriological culture.

If the nerves are damaged or inflamed, the patient is prescribed MRI of the head, electroencephalography, ultrasound of the cervical vessels (dopplerography).

Treatment

The choice of methods of therapy depends on the diagnosis and the reasons that caused photosensitivity. An ophthalmologist, a neuropathologist, an endocrinologist, an infectious disease specialist, an allergist, and in children a pediatrician can participate in the treatment of a patient.

If the symptom is provoked by a cold, symptomatic therapy is prescribed: antiviral, antipyretic, immunostimulating drugs. Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, vasoconstrictor solutions are used locally for instillation into the conjunctival sac.

With a pronounced allergic reaction, a course of antihistamines is prescribed orally, antiallergic eye drops (Kromopharm), hydrocortisone ointment for the eyelids.

If photosensitivity occurs as a side effect of previously prescribed drugs, you should consult a doctor.

It is undesirable to cancel the drug on your own. This is especially true for antibiotics. Interruption of antimicrobial therapy can provoke the development of resistance (resistance) of the bacterial flora, which will complicate further treatment.

Patients with severe infections (meningitis, encephalitis) are treated only in a hospital under the constant supervision of doctors.

If photophobia is provoked by prolonged work at the computer, vasoconstrictor drops are used (Vizin, Vizoptik). They eliminate discomfort, redness, pain, lacrimation. With dryness of the mucous membrane, moisturizing solutions are shown, lacrimal fluid substitutes - Sistein, Khilozar-chest, Artelak, Vidisik.

Prevention

Preventive measures to prevent the development of photosensitivity of the eyes are needed not only for patients with a predisposition, but for all people without exception.

The basis of prevention is the protection of the fragile structures of the eye from the radioactive effects of ultraviolet sunlight.

There is a myth that photosensitivity, which manifested itself due to direct sunlight on the retina, leads to irreversible blindness. It's a delusion. Bright light can temporarily reduce the quality of vision, cause darkening in the eyes. After that, vision is safely restored.

Rules of conduct in everyday life that will help protect the eyes from the negative effects of the environment and prevent the development of photophobia:

wearing sunglasses in clear weather;
compliance with the mode of work at the computer (every 40-50 minutes take a break for 5 minutes, get up from the workplace, do not look at the monitor);
increase physical activity for schoolchildren and adolescents;
adjust the daily routine, nutrition;
once a year to undergo preventive examinations at the ophthalmologist.

Light sensitivity is not dangerous for vision and health in general. Every person experiences this symptom. To minimize the manifestations of photophobia, it is necessary to temporarily avoid bright light sources, re-equip the workplace - curtain the window with a protective film, reduce the contrast on the computer monitor, remove the table lamp, leave general ceiling lighting.

The manifestation of discomfort in the eyes with a change in illumination indicates the presence of pathology in the organs of vision. It is impossible to independently establish the cause that provokes the sensitivity of the eyes to light. The right decision, in this case, would be to immediately contact a specialized specialist for the diagnosis and treatment of photophobia.

According to medical terminology, photophobia refers to a pathological condition of the eyes, manifested in the presence of hypersensitivity and intolerance to light of any type.

Photophobia does not belong to individual pathologies, but most often acts as a characteristic feature of certain diseases. Also, this condition may be non-pathological in nature.

All causes of photophobia are classified into four main groups:

Factors not associated with pathologies: albinism, dilated pupils, too bright light, bright eyes, eye injury. Increased sensitivity to light can be provoked by prolonged gaze retention on the monitor or projector, improper use of contact lenses.
Ophthalmic diseases: congenital achromatopsia, aphakia, aniridia, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, congenital glaucoma, uveitis, optic neuritis, rabies, Richner-Hanhart syndrome.
Neurological pathologies: Chiari anomaly, autism and other types of developmental disorders, dyslexia, encephalitis, meningitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, malignant and benign neoplasms of the brain.
Other causes: diseases of viral and infectious etiology, intoxication of the body, thermal or sunburn of the eyes, headaches and migraines, lack of magnesium or riboflavin in the body, accumulation of cystine. Sensitivity of the eyes to light can be a consequence of long-term use of certain medications or manifest itself with the abuse of alcohol.

The causes of eye sensitivity to light are varied. Some of them pose a serious threat to the health of the organs of vision and require immediate contact with an ophthalmologist. Other provoking factors may indicate the development of other serious pathological conditions in the body.

If the slightest discomfort appears in the eyes, it is recommended to pay attention to the accompanying signs and not to delay visiting a doctor.

Attentive attitude to your state of health will allow you to quickly and correctly determine the cause of the manifestation of photosensitivity of the eyes and begin its treatment.

Problem symptoms and what they indicate

Increased sensitivity of the eyes to light is almost always accompanied by additional symptoms. Its nature and intensity of manifestation depends on the root cause of photophobia and the degree of its development.

Experts identify the following symptoms of this pathological condition:

Copious tearing of the eyes. It manifests itself with mechanical damage to the eyes and is accompanied by pain, veil before the eyes and constriction of the pupil. Damage to the cornea is also characterized by the manifestation of lacrimation. Additional signs are purulent exudate, hyperemia, sensation of a foreign object in the eye, redness and deterioration in the quality of vision. The unexpected appearance of tears is manifested in migraines, conjunctivitis, lesions of the trigeminal nerve with the herpes virus, pathologies of viral etiology, influenza, abnormal eye development, chronic retinitis, malignant pathology of the retina, changes in metabolic processes and movement of fluid in the apples of the eyes.
Lachrymation may indicate the presence of blood inside the organs of vision, paralysis of the optic nerves, a deficiency of natural dark pigment in the eyes, increased activity of the thyroid gland, hemorrhagic stroke, meningitis, encephalitis, burning and pain in the eyes.
Soreness. The manifestation of acute stabbing pain in the eye area is observed in the formation of ophthalmic diseases such as uveitis, keratitis, thermal and corneal lesions with the formation of ulcers, conjunctivitis, astigmatism, trigeminal neuralgia, blepharitis.
Attacks of severe headache. Indicates the development of such pathological conditions as migraine, abscess, acromegaly, meningitis, encephalitis, acute glaucoma, stroke. A characteristic additional symptom is the squeezing syndrome and the feeling of "head in a hoop".
Hyperthermia. The parallel manifestation of elevated body temperature and photophobia indicates meningitis, encephalitis, endophthalmitis, purulent uveitis, hemorrhagic stroke, trigeminal neuralgia. Also, such symptoms are characteristic of a brain abscess, which is manifested by paralysis of the facial nerves, muscle asymmetry of the face.

The main symptoms of hypersensitivity of the eyes to light can also be accompanied by such signs as dilated pupils, spasms that provoke convulsive closure of the eyelids, loss of clear boundaries of visible objects, a feeling of "sand" in the eyeballs. Each characteristic feature in the overall clinical picture allows you to preliminarily establish the root cause of the development of photophobia of the eyes.

In what cases is medical assistance needed: diagnosing pathology

The sensitivity of the eyes to light does not always indicate the development of pathological processes in the body. In medical practice, they determine the type of natural photophobia that occurs with a sharp change in the light environment.

This state is caused by the reaction of the brain to the processing of two radically different visual perceptions.

But, there are a number of pathological conditions in which the manifestation of increased sensitivity of the eyes to light requires immediate qualified medical care:

Intense and sharp pain, dislike for the minimum level of lighting.
In parallel with the signs of photophobia, there is pressure on the eyes, and a halo appears around the light source.
Great redness of the eyes and profuse lachrymation.
In the case of light entering the eyes, vision deteriorates, a veil appears and this condition does not go away for several days.
Symptoms of hypersensitivity of the eyes to light increase every day.

Diagnosis of hypersensitivity of the eyes to light is reduced to the definition of the underlying pathology, a characteristic feature of which is the manifestation of photophobia. With the manifestation of primary symptoms, you should contact an ophthalmologist. Depending on the state of health and complaints of the patient, a diagnostic examination may include:

Ophthalmoscopy
Biomicroscopy
Perimetry
Tonometry
Gonioscopy
pachymetry
eye ultrasound
Angiography
Optical tomography
Electroretinography

Examination by an ophthalmologist allows you to carefully examine the condition of the eyes, identify accompanying symptoms and correctly determine the cause of photophobia.

If the examination by an ophthalmologist did not reveal an eye disease, and the clinical picture is supplemented by concomitant signs, a consultative examination by a neuropathologist and endocrinologist is prescribed. To identify the cause of the development of photophobia, a set of diagnostic measures is prescribed, consisting of:

MRG of the brain
EEG - a method for studying the functional state of the medulla
Dopplerography of the cervical vessels
Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland
Comprehensive hormonal blood test
X-rays of light

Based on the results of laboratory and hardware analyzes, it may be necessary to consult such narrow specialists as an infectious disease specialist, toxicologist, oncologist, psychotherapist, allergist, traumatologist.

Diagnosis of photophobia is carried out in a complex manner. In addition to the general methods of clinical examination of the biological environment of the body, various types of hardware examinations are used. Timely diagnosis and determination of the cause of the appearance of hypersensitivity of the eyes to light make it possible to prescribe the appropriate treatment for the root cause of the development of the pathology.

Treatment

The main task in the treatment of photophobia of the eyes is the relief of pain and the elimination of the primary etiology of the appearance of increased eye sensitivity to light. It should be noted that it is not always possible to determine the cause of the pathology. Photophobia can be a temporary or one-time pathological condition.

The treatment of this disease is carried out taking into account the primary source of the pathology and the age of the patient and includes a complex of therapeutic procedures. Depending on the etiology of the disease, therapy can be conservative or alternative.

Conservative treatment

The selection of pharmaceuticals is carried out taking into account the cause that provoked the development of photophobia. Most often in medical practice, in the treatment of increased eye sensitivity to light, the following are prescribed:

Anti-inflammatory, moisturizing drops, as well as similar preparations containing vitamin and mineral components in their composition. They are used to eliminate the focus of inflammation if this disease has developed against the background of an inflammatory pathology of the eyes.
Antiseptic drops or antibacterial drugs. They are prescribed in the presence of infection and purulent exudate in the eyes.
In case of injury to the eyes or their thermal damage, treatment is carried out strictly in a hospital. In order to provide first aid, the use of antiseptic drops is allowed. A sterile bandage is applied over the eyes.
Moisturizing antiseptic ophthalmic solutions are used when a foreign body enters or contamination of the eye. After the elimination of the negative factor, the eyes are washed with pharmaceutical preparations for several days.

Correction of drug treatment, which provoked the development of eye sensitivity to light, immediately eliminates this pathological process.

Congenital photophobia is not treatable. To alleviate the condition, it is recommended to use special contact lenses that minimize the reaction to light.

There are a number of neophthalmic pathologies that provoke the development of photophobia. Treatment in this case is prescribed strictly by a specialized doctor. It may consist of taking systemic medications and special physiotherapy procedures.

Severe forms of provoking pathologies or advanced stages of neurological and ophthalmological diseases are amenable to exclusively surgical treatment.

Alternative medicine methods

Often, traditional medicine is used as an adjuvant therapy or to alleviate the symptoms of hypersensitivity of the eyes. Based on them, medicines are made, both for external and for internal use.

Among the most effective alternative medicines, experts identify the following recipes:

Sea buckthorn oil. In its pure form, drip every 2 hours, 1 drop in each eye.
Infusion of flax seeds. Every day in the morning, the eyes are washed with prepared medicine. To do this, 100 g of the main ingredient is poured into 250 ml of boiling water, covered with a lid and infused for half an hour.
The cinquefoil is upright. On its basis, a decoction is made, which is used for washing the eyes or for lotions. Recipe for the preparation of medicine: pour 10 g of dry grass with a glass of boiling water. Bring to a boil in a water bath. Insist for 3 - ex hours. For washing the eyes, the decoction is used daily at bedtime. Compresses are done twice a day. Sterile gauze wipes are moistened in the product, applied to the eyes and kept for 30 minutes.
Lotions from a decoction of sweet clover. 50 g of plant inflorescences pour 0.25 liters of boiling water and boil over low heat for 15 minutes. Cool, filter and use the finished medicine twice a day to apply compresses on the eyes.
Infusion of calendula and pharmacy chamomile. Mix equal amounts of calendula and chamomile inflorescences. Take 1 tbsp. l of the finished mixture and pour 0.25 l of boiling water. Leave for an hour after filtering the product. Ready infusion wash eyes 4 times a day or three times a day, 2 drops instill eyes.
Plantain. 25 g of fresh leaves of the plant pour 350 ml of boiling water and insist in a thermos for 5 hours. Strain the infusion and wash the eyes with a ready-made remedy in the morning and evening.

Treatment of hypersensitivity of the eyes to light with traditional medicine can be carried out only in consultation with the doctor. Self-medication can lead to the progression of photophobia and the deterioration of general health.

Timely implementation of the therapeutic complex allows you to quickly eliminate the signs of photophobia. Eye hypersensitivity to light should be treated by qualified professionals. They carry out the selection of drugs, establish the scheme of their administration and the duration of the therapeutic course. It is carried out in each case individually and depends on the physiological parameters of the patient.

Preventive measures

In order to prevent the re-development of hypersensitivity of the eyes to the sun, experts recommend systematically adhering to elementary preventive measures.

Maintain personal hygiene and avoid rubbing your eyes with dirty hands.
In the presence of harmful conditions during work, use safety glasses.
In the presence of permanent dry eye syndrome and prolonged work at the computer, instill eyes with "Artificial tears".
Every day, carry out therapeutic exercises for the eyes, previously agreed with an ophthalmologist.
Wear sunglasses with UV protection on sunny days.
Purchase optics and contact lenses in specialized stores of well-known brands.
Regularly undergo preventive examinations by ophthalmologists and other narrow specialists.
Strictly comply with the terms of use and care of optical products.
Avoid swimming in polluted waters.
Follow a healthy lifestyle and eat a well-balanced diet.
In the presence of chronic pathologies, regularly carry out maintenance treatment.

The systematic implementation of all preventive measures will eliminate the development of photophobia. Prevention methods for increased eye sensitivity to light that are performed for a short time and not in full are ineffective.

Ignoring photophobia at any stage of development is a great threat to health. This pathological process indicates the presence in the body of serious diseases that require immediate treatment.

Light sensitivity of the eyes is an uncomfortable condition that manifests itself under artificial or daylight conditions. In the period of twilight and night time this state disappears.

Photosensitivity (the second name for photophobia) can occur when certain factors are present:

taking medications, after which the pupil does not narrow;
working conditions that cause adverse factors;
individual bad habits;
constant television viewing;
corneal burn;
congenital absence of iris pigment;
with red-green blindness (color blindness);
intensive work at the computer;
hereditary predisposition;
incorrectly selected contact lenses;
eye diseases.

Symptoms of photophobia

Increased photosensitivity may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

headaches;
involuntary release of tears;
dilated state of the pupils;
hyperemia;
unclear outlines of objects;
reduced level of visual acuity;
feeling of "sand" in the eyes.

For each of the symptoms, it is possible to presumably establish the causes of the disease.

lacrimation

Together with the fear of light, it occurs in diseases:

Injuries of mechanical origin - upon impact, ingress of foreign bodies and soap solutions (soap, shampoo) are accompanied by:

pain in the affected organ;
obscure, interfering with viewing objects;
constriction of the pupil.

Damage to the cornea - occurs with allergic reactions, infectious diseases of the eyes, sores and erosions, burns and differ:

secretions of pus;
pain syndrome;
self-closing of the eyelids;
a decrease in the quality of vision;
sensations of foreign substances under the eyelid;
hyperemia;
decrease in the level of transparency of the stratum corneum.

Migraines - pathology manifests itself:

painful sensations in one part of the head;
bilateral photophobia;
nausea;
intolerance to sharp sounds;
lacrimation.

Also, lacrimation is accompanied by the following ailments:

conjunctivitis;
infection of the trigeminal nerve with a herpes infection;
with SARS, influenza;
abnormal development of the eyes;
chronic retinitis;
retinal melanoma;
violations of normative metabolism and movement of fluid in the eyeballs;
intraocular hemorrhages;
paralytic conditions of the oculomotor nerves;
lack of melanin;
enhanced functionality of the thyroid gland;
hemorrhagic strokes;
meningitis;
encephalitis.

Rise in body temperature

The combination of high temperature and light phobia occurs when:

meningitis;
encephalitis;
endophthalmitis;
with purulent etiology;
hemorrhagic stroke;
trigeminal neuralgia;

In some cases, an abscess of the brain is indicated by an increase in temperature, which manifests itself in paralysis of the facial nerves, asymmetry of the muscles of the face.

Headaches

Nausea

Intoxication of the body or increased intracranial pressure reports the presence of hemorrhagic stroke, encephalitis, migraine, brain abscess, meningitis.

Pain syndrome

Children's period and photosensitivity of the eyes

Separately, a number of diseases related to the childhood period that can cause this symptomatology are distinguished:

Conjunctivitis - of various types (allergic or bacterial origin), provoking inflammatory processes in the mucous membranes of the eyes, the main symptoms of which are photophobia and profuse lacrimation.
Paralysis of the motor nerve - occurs with the drooping of the upper eyelid, in which the pupil does not change its size, is not able to adapt to changes in the upper illumination. The causes of this disease are multiple, but all cause increased photosensitivity.
Acrodynia - characterized by a pink tint to the skin of the hands and feet, with a sticky feeling when touched. Against the background of high sweating, high blood pressure, photosensitivity is formed.
Ophthalmopathy of endocrine origin - a violation of the functionality of the thyroid gland leads to manifestations of specific symptoms - sensations of foreign bodies in the eyes, pressure on them and photophobia.
with tuberculosis-allergic etiology - if children have tuberculosis of the lymph nodes, the pulmonary system, one of the eyes is affected.

The health of children's eyes is more fragile than that of adults. Insufficient development of the organs of vision often requires treatment of diseases in a hospital.

Diagnosis of the disease

When contacting a medical institution, the patient is sent for the following manipulations:

ophthalmoscopy - examination of the bottom of the eyes, using the pupil, which is pre-expanded with preparations containing atropine;
biomicroscopy - search for rebirths of the vitreous body and segments of the bottom of the eye through a specialized slit lamp;
perimetry - determination of visual fields;
– aimed at measuring the level ;
gonioscopy - viewing the border of the iris and cornea;
pachymetry - measuring the volume of the corneas;
- if it is impossible to conduct a standard examination of the bottom of the eyes;
angiography - on the patency of the vessels through which the eye structures are nourished;
optical tomography - to detect changes in the tissue components of the retina;
PCR - tests for viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens from the conjunctival sac.

If all the above methods of research do not give results and show normative indicators, then the patient is referred for a consultation with a neurologist. With further appointment:

MRG of the brain;
electroencephalography;
dopplerography - examination of the vessels of the neck;
Ultrasound of the thyroid gland;
analyzes for the content of hormones;
x-ray studies of the lung system.

With positive results, further treatment is carried out by an endocrinologist, in case of lesions due to tuberculosis - by a phthisiatrician.

Treatment of hypersensitivity of the eyes

wearing on bright sunny days specialized glasses that do not transmit ultraviolet radiation, sold in pharmacy ophthalmological chains;
when the body reacts to a certain type of drug, it can be replaced with a preliminary consultation with an ophthalmologist and with his approval;
a temporary type of receptor photosensitivity is treated with eye drops and ointments based on antiviral, antibacterial and moisturizing drugs.

Preventive actions

To prevent the recurrence of the disease in the future, it is necessary to adhere to the requirements:

constant observance of hygiene rules - washing hands, avoiding touching the eyes with dirty handkerchiefs, towels, etc .;
when working with welding equipment, it is mandatory to use special glasses, protective masks;
with constant dry eye syndrome, instill drops that correspond to the composition of your own tears;
do daily therapeutic exercises for the eyes, the methods of which will be introduced by an ophthalmologist;
use sunglasses when going out into the bright sun, with the "UV protection" function, do not purchase glasses and contact lenses in dubious places, but only in specialized institutions.