Exacerbation of gingivitis. Gingivitis. Acute gingivitis. Gum inflammation in children

Description:

Acute is an inflammatory disease of the gums, which often occurs in young people under 30 years of age and in children. Among all periodontal diseases (soft tissues around the teeth), more than 90% of the entire population suffers from gingivitis. A complication of gingivitis without proper treatment becomes acute or chronic, in which healthy teeth fall out.

Causes of acute gingivitis:

One of the most common reasons for the development of gingivitis is insufficient oral hygiene and proper care for teeth. As a result, plaque first forms on the teeth, which over time turns into dense deposits or stones. Tartars are nothing more than microorganisms that adhere tightly to the teeth, which are also called dental plaques.

In addition, the following causes of gingivitis and predisposing factors that can cause the disease are distinguished:
Malocclusion.
Mechanical injuries and the presence of herpetic, candidal stomatitis on the tongue.
Remains of food between teeth.
Leaky fillings on teeth.
Hormonal imbalance in the body.
Chronic diseases.
Reduced immunity.
Vitamin deficiencies.
Stress and psychosomatic illnesses.
Allergic diseases.
Bad habits.
Taking oral contraceptives.
Presence of heavy metal salts in food.

Symptoms of acute gingivitis:

Acute gingivitis is characterized by the following symptoms:
Inflammation of the gums.
Redness and tenderness of the soft tissue around the teeth.
Swelling and deepening of the gingival sulcus (formation of a gingival pocket). (especially when brushing your teeth).
Increased sensitivity of the gums.
Difficulty in chewing and swallowing.

If you discover symptoms of gingivitis, immediately seek advice from a dentist, whose task is to establish the causes, form of the disease and prescribe appropriate treatment.

This disease is also characterized by the presence of red, inflamed, swollen gums, which, when pressed, may release blood and pus.

Treatment of acute gingivitis:

For treatment the following is prescribed:

The mistake of many patients is that they begin to treat themselves by visiting dental forums, which, in the end, can lead to chronic process and irreversible consequences.

Treatment of gingivitis begins with eliminating all causes and factors that caused the disease. In most cases, the oral cavity is sanitized, especially in children. These measures include treatment, cleaning teeth from plaque (plaque and stones), and replacing filling material.

In addition to local procedures, it is necessary to sanitize chronic foci of infection in the body and carry out a number of measures to increase overall immunity. For this, antibiotics are used (read in detail about the treatment of gingivitis with antibiotics), antifungal agents, as well as immunomodulators and antioxidants. As for the treatment of ginigvit in pregnant women, it has some features. Treating gingivitis at home, or folk remedies Possible after consultation with your doctor.

compliance with the rules of personal oral hygiene;
timely treatment of dental caries;
preventive examinations at the dentist at least twice a year, including for the purpose of removing tartar;
strengthening immunity;
normalization of diet;
correction of bite (if necessary);
contacting a periodontist at the first symptoms of gum inflammation.

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Symptoms of gingivitis

Gingivitis is characterized by:

inflammation of the gums: the gums hurt, starting from its edge or interdental space;
bleeding gums: gums bleed both when brushing your teeth and when eating food, especially hard food;
unpleasant sensations when touching the gum.

It is necessary to consult a doctor when the first signs of illness appear (minor inflammation or bleeding of the gums), so as to relieve inflammation and cure gingivitis in children and adults. early stage much simpler.

Classification of gingivitis

Types of gum inflammation are usually classified:

by form (by type of manifestation of symptoms);
by severity;
along the process.

According to its form, gingivitis is usually divided into:

Catarrhal gingivitis: the most common form. Occurs due to poor oral hygiene, complicated by weakened immunity. Characteristic manifestations are bleeding and inflammation of the gums; treatment involves the use of local anti-inflammatory drugs and sanitation of the oral cavity.
Ulcerative-necrotizing gingivitis, or acute ulcerative gingivitis: can develop against the background of catarrhal gingivitis with a lack of vitamins and the presence of bad habits. The main symptom is the presence of gray ulcerative lesions on the gums, as well as a sharp bad smell from mouth. Treatment of ulcerative gingivitis, including purulent one, involves thorough sanitation and removal of ulcers under local anesthesia.
Hypertrophic gingivitis: this type of gum inflammation occurs due to hormonal imbalances or intoxication, including a lack of vitamin A. It is characterized by swelling of the gums and a change in its color. Treatment for hypertrophic gingivitis includes surgical excision overgrown gum tissue under local anesthesia. In some cases, treatment of hypertrophic gingivitis involves only medication.

According to the severity, gingivitis is usually divided into stages:

Mild stage: can occur even if hygiene rules are observed due to stress or vitamin deficiency. The main symptom is that the gums are inflamed, which may even bleed slightly. Inflammation of the gums near the tooth does not spread further (may occur due to dental exposure, including after treatment or tooth extraction). The mild stage of gingivitis in adults and children usually does not cause any particular discomfort, but it must be treated, since the sooner the inflammation of the gums near and around the tooth is removed, the lower the risk of complications. Treatment involves the local use of anti-inflammatory drugs.
Middle stage: develops if treatment is not started at an early stage. Characterized by larger area inflammation of the gums. It is treated with sanitation and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Severe stage: develops due to systematic violations of oral hygiene, characterized by significant inflammation of a large area of the gums. The gums bleed even from a light touch. Treated with long-term use of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs, complete sanitation of the oral cavity.

According to the type of course, gingivitis is usually divided into acute and chronic.:

Acute gingivitis: characterized by severe inflammation and painful condition of the gums. It may occur against the background of problems with the gastrointestinal tract, severe stress, or lack of vitamins. During treatment, the necessary sanitation of the oral cavity is possible only after acute inflammation has been relieved.
Chronic gingivitis: characterized by a sluggish course with possible periods of exacerbation. Main symptoms chronic form diseases - redness of tissues, bleeding when brushing teeth, bad breath. The main principles of treatment are medications and sanitation procedures, including the removal of plaque and tartar.

Gingivitis (gum inflammation) in adults

The characteristic signs of gingivitis in adults correspond to one of the types of the disease described above. A feature of gingivitis in adults can be significant neglect of the disease due to irregular visits to the dentist over a long period of time. How to treat gums?

Treatment methods may vary depending on the form of gingivitis (ulcerative, severe or mild stage), but most often it is assumed the use of anti-inflammatory drugs (in some cases antibiotics) in combination with comprehensive sanitation of the oral cavity - treatment of caries, removal of plaque, etc. Adjustments are also possible eating behavior: introducing more fruits and vegetables into the diet, reducing the amount of fatty foods consumed.

Gum inflammation in children

Inflammation of the gums in a child most often occurs not only due to ignorance/non-compliance with hygiene rules, but also due to improper bite. Possible reasons With gingivitis, a child may also have problems with self-cleaning teeth due to a lack of solid food or due to milk teeth being removed too early. A large amount of sugar-containing foods can also provoke the development of the disease.

In connection with all of the above, catarrhal gingivitis in children suggests that treatment begins with the acquisition of hygiene rules and the ability to apply them in practice, which eliminates the main cause of the spread of bacteria. The gaming method is considered the most effective in this case.

In addition, if there is a malocclusion, the child may be referred to an orthodontist to correct the problem.

How to cure gingivitis (gum inflammation) during pregnancy

Gingivitis in pregnant women occurs due to changes in hormonal levels, which leads to changes in the sensitivity of the gums and their inflammation during pregnancy.

The treatment of gingivitis in pregnant women also has its own characteristics. During pregnancy, to treat gum inflammation, preference is given to natural anti-inflammatory and antiseptic substances, so the sooner you start treating gingivitis, the better. Taking antibiotics and other medications is possible only after consultation with a gynecologist.

Gingivitis and its features

How long gingivitis is treated largely depends on the form and severity of the disease, as well as on how consistently the patient follows the doctor’s recommendations and prescriptions. On average, treatment can take from several weeks to several months, if long-term sanitation of the oral cavity is necessary.

Complications of gingivitis

Timely treatment of acute or chronic gingivitis is an opportunity to reduce the risk of more serious illnesses, the main of which is periodontitis. Periodontitis involves the involvement in the inflammatory process of not only gum tissue, but also tooth tissue, which when further development inflammation will cause the teeth to become loose.

That is why the first thing to do in case of gum inflammation is to consult a doctor in order to begin treatment on time.

No matter how carefully people monitor the condition of their teeth and gums, they periodically encounter various unpleasant diseases V oral cavity. Acute gingivitis is considered one of these diseases. With this disease, inflammation of the gums occurs, accompanied by unpleasant and painful sensations, but without violating the integrity of the connections between the tooth and gum. This disease affects children, adolescents and young adults. Blood on the toothbrush.

Causes that provoke the manifestation of acute gingivitis

The most common cause of the disease is improper oral hygiene. As a result, plaque forms on the teeth, which over time turns into tartar. In this raid there is a large number of microbes that cause disease.

Also, listing the causes of acute gingivitis, we can highlight the presence of such chronic diseases in the patient's body, as:

pathologies in the endocrine system;
disturbances in the functioning of the cardiovascular and circulatory systems;
disruption of the gastrointestinal tract;
various infectious diseases;
lack of vitamins in the body;
allergic reactions.

Also, this gum disease often occurs in children who suffer from:

rheumatism;
diabetes mellitus;
nephropathies.

In addition, the following factors contribute to the development of gingivitis:

malocclusion;
regular injury to the gums (in the presence of sharp edges of fillings);
food stuck between teeth;
hormonal imbalances;
decreased immunity;
alcohol abuse and smoking;
taking oral contraceptives.

The severity of the disease is assessed by: swelling, bleeding, and ulcers. Gingivitis can have an acute or chronic course of the disease.

Symptoms of acute gingivitis

Acute gingivitis occurs with symptoms such as:

swelling of the gums;
increased temperature in the mouth;
pain syndrome;
bleeding gums;
the appearance of ulcers;
Tartar deposits.

Bleeding gums.

Usually, general state patients with acute gingivitis remains the same. But sometimes, additional symptoms of this disease may be: a rise in body temperature up to 39 degrees, bad breath, sore gums when eating and drinking cold or hot drinks, general weakness, enlargement lymph nodes.

Important: With acute gingivitis, the gums become bright red. They swell and begin to bleed when touched.

Degree of development of acute gingivitis

Depending on the form of the disease, gingivitis can be local or generalized. With a local disease, inflammatory processes spread to several teeth, and with a generalized disease, over the surface of the entire gum.

As for the degrees of development of gingivitis, it can occur in:

mild form;
average;
heavy.

The mild form is localized in the interdental papillae. In this case, the patient is not bothered by anything except slight bleeding of the gums. IN in this case dentist prescribes to patient proper hygiene oral cavity.

Important: If your dentist has diagnosed you with a mild degree of gingivitis, you need to learn how to brush your teeth properly and visit the dentist every six months for a preventive examination. Mild gingivitis gives a good prognosis with treatment.

At medium degree Diseases also involve the marginal edges of the gums. At this stage, patients experience excessive bleeding of the gums. To solve the problem, you need to learn how to properly maintain oral hygiene and have your teeth professionally cleaned in the dentist’s office.

Afterwards, the doctor prescribes ointment applications and herbal rinses. The prognosis for treatment in this case is also good. Only now you will need to visit the dentist every 6 months.

But in severe cases of the disease pathological changes occur throughout the gum mucosa. At the same time, patients complain of severe bleeding of the gums even with the slightest pressure, bad breath appears, and it becomes problematic to brush their teeth.

Severe form of acute gingivitis. Photo.

Treatment of this degree is selected by the doctor individually for each patient. Typically, your dentist will perform a professional teeth cleaning. Inflammation of the gums is relieved with the help of applications and rinses. You may have to undergo gingivoplasty. If you follow all the doctor’s recommendations, the prognosis for the patient is good. You will now have to visit a doctor every 3 months.

Also gingivitis clinical signs divided by:

catarrhal;
ulcerative;
hypertrophic.

Diagnosis of acute gingivitis

When diagnosing an acute form of gingivitis, the dentist:

conducts visual inspection the patient's oral cavity;
conducts an anamnesis, which includes asking the patient about previous diseases and the presence of bad habits.
prescribes tests;
takes dental x-rays;
conducts instrumental examination.

When examining the oral cavity, the dentist examines: the condition of the teeth, lips, tongue and gums, examines the depth of the periodontal canals, and checks whether there is tooth mobility. X-rays can be used to determine the condition of bone tissue.

When diagnosing acute gingivitis, the doctor identifies the presence of plaque or tartar on the patient’s teeth, signs of inflammation of the gums or their deformation, and bleeding.

Attention: in severe cases of acute gingivitis, the patient may experience intoxication of the body.

Treatment of acute gingivitis in children

It is worth immediately noting that this disease often occurs in children aged 7 to 15 years. To avoid complications in the future, it is imperative to visit a dentist who will prescribe the correct treatment.

As a rule, dentists prescribe mild and safe medications for children, carry out professional cleaning, prescribe anti-inflammatory procedures and measures to restore gums. To prevent the disease, the doctor teaches children to brush their teeth correctly.

Attention: when treating childhood gingivitis, it is imperative to cure caries and eliminate malocclusion.

At an early stage of the disease, you can resort to traditional methods treatment - rinsing the mouth with herbs and decoctions. For this, it is best to use chamomile.

In order not to treat, but to prevent acute gingivitis in children, it is necessary to regularly visit the dentist, teach children to maintain oral hygiene, and also to prevent of this disease It’s worth having your teeth professionally cleaned at the dentist’s office once or twice a year.

Treatment of acute gingivitis in adults

Treatment of acute gingivitis in adults, as well as in children, comes down to eliminating the causes that caused it. And there can be many reasons for the appearance of gingivitis.

If the disease is associated with hormonal imbalance, the doctor prescribes proper oral care, rinsing soda solution, removing tartar using a laser.

In case of weak immunity, immunomodulatory drugs are prescribed, antibiotics are prescribed, teeth are cleaned and the oral cavity is sanitized with antiseptics. The patient is also prescribed a course of vitamins.

If the disease is caused by factors such as overhanging fillings, improper growth of teeth, or poorly performed prosthetics, then this is treated by: correction or installation of a new filling, correction of improperly growing teeth, and correction of dentures.

Important: Sometimes acute gingivitis can provoke the growth of wisdom teeth. In this case, the dentist must perform a minor surgical operation to open the gums.

In any case, the dentist prescribes drug treatment to relieve gum inflammation. The prescribed drugs have analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and restorative effects. Medications can be used in the form of applications, oral baths or irrigations. The dentist also recommends physiotherapeutic procedures: UHF, gum massage, electrophoresis.

In case of acute gingivitis, you should adhere to a special diet. Namely, it is necessary to exclude: salty, spicy, sweet foods, alcohol and cigarettes, cold and hot drinks, solid foods.

It is necessary to exclude from the diet foods that irritate the mucous membrane.

Antibiotics are prescribed for complex forms of ulcerative-necrotizing gingivitis and for gum abscess. And then only if you feel generally unwell and the temperature rises to 39 degrees.

But pastes, ointments, and gels are prescribed by dentists for treatment quite often.

Important: when treating acute gingivitis, teeth are filled, dentures are replaced if necessary, and teeth that cannot be treated are removed.

Prevention of acute gingivitis

Prevention of this disease is quite simple. If you follow all the tips and recommendations written below, the risk of the disease will be reduced to a minimum. To prevent the development of the disease, it is necessary to:

visit the dentist regularly, at least 2 times a year, even if nothing bothers you;
maintain simple oral hygiene;
Have your teeth professionally cleaned every six months at the dental clinic.

Important: in addition to daily brushing your teeth in the morning and evening, it is worth using pharmaceutical products for rinsing the mouth. Dentists also recommend learning how to use dental floss.

Consequences and complications of acute gingivitis

Complications from acute or untreated acute gingivitis can include diseases such as:

Periodontitis, which threatens tooth loss.
Stomatitis or inflammation of the tongue due to an infection in the gums.
Gum abscess is a fairly common complication of ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis.
Osteomyelitis – purulent inflammation jaw with further destruction of the bone.
Caries.
Sepsis or blood poisoning.

As a rule, people with weak immune systems encounter such complications. If you have a strong and healthy body, then gingivitis is easy to treat and goes away without any complications.

To summarize, it can be noted that if acute gingivitis is treated by highly qualified dentists who can prescribe correct course treatment, then with complications and negative consequences you won't collide. But if this disease is started, then over time the patient begins to destroy the bone and tissue integrity of the gums. In very advanced cases, this can lead to tooth loss.

Treatment of acute gingivitis is a long and multi-stage process, especially in advanced stages. To prevent this, carefully monitor your teeth and gums and at the slightest discomfort in the oral cavity, immediately contact a good dental clinic.

Gingivitis is an inflammatory disease of the gums that causes redness, swelling and bleeding. It affects only the mucous membrane, without affecting the periodontal ligaments, so the teeth maintain a strong position, which is why gingivitis is considered a mild gum disease. At an early stage of its appearance, gingivitis is easily treated and does not cause much trouble. But if the inflammation process gets out of control, it becomes chronic, which will be much more difficult to get rid of. This disease is most common in children, adolescents and people under thirty years of age.

If you feel discomfort while eating or notice bleeding while brushing your teeth, you should immediately consult a doctor. The development of gingivitis may be associated with diseases such as diabetes, malignant diseases (cancer), AIDS and hepatitis.

Classification of gingivitis

Professional dentists classify gingivitis as follows:

by degree of prevalence: localized, when only the gum area becomes inflamed. Generalized, when the entire mucous membrane of the mouth is inflamed;
by severity: light, medium and severe;
according to the nature of the course: acute and chronic;
by form: catarrhal, ulcerative-necrotic, hypertrophic, atrophic;
separate group: juvenile, pregnancy gingivitis.

Insufficient or poor oral hygiene;
Low level of immunity;
Poor quality dental treatment: overhanging fillings, traumatic gums, improper installation of dentures and braces;
Accumulation of supragingival and subgingival stone on the teeth;
Pregnancy;
Adolescence;
The period after suffering a severe and long-term illness;
Lack of vitamins and microelements;
Tuberculosis, AIDS, diabetes, hepatitis and other chronic diseases;
Gum injury.

The main factor in the occurrence of gingivitis is ineffective oral hygiene. The soft plaque remaining after poor cleaning in the area where the gums come into contact with the tooth gradually turns into tartar. Here microorganisms actively reproduce, triggering the process of gum inflammation, which is called “gingivitis”.

The body reacts to the activity of bacteria with an inflammatory process. A biological film forms on the tooth and is involved in the appearance of soft plaque. Mineralizing food remains are retained on it and become an incubator for the development of bacteria. They penetrate the gums and release toxins, damaging the cells of the mucous membrane. Swelling and redness occur in the area where the toxins have penetrated. The distance between the gum and tooth (gum pocket) expands. Then the gums become bleeding.

Symptoms of gingivitis

Signs of the disease depend on the form, nature, prevalence, and severity of damage to the oral cavity.

If the severity level is high, then bright and active redness will appear and swelling of the gums. A severe form of hyperemia spreads throughout the jaw, up to inflammation of the lip mucosa.

All forms of the disease are characterized by painful sensations when chewing food, bleeding, and the appearance of unpleasant odor from the mouth, unpleasant sensations at the site of inflammation, itching.

Acute gingivitis is accompanied severe pain and sudden redness of the gums. Chronic course diseases manifests itself as a seasonal exacerbation, that is, in spring and autumn and is not as pronounced as in acute gingivitis. There is discomfort in the oral cavity, but it is tolerable, bleeding increases.

Each form of gingivitis has a number of specific symptoms, but the general signs appear the same and are usually enough to warrant a visit to the dentist. A qualified periodontist will be able to make a diagnosis based on the nature of gum damage and prescribe the correct treatment.

For example, the symptoms of acute catarrhal gingivitis manifest themselves as follows: sudden sharp pains, bad feeling and an increase in temperature to 37 degrees. There is swelling, burning, redness of the gums, eating is difficult because sore gum responds to mechanical irritations. In no case you can't treat yourself, since in this case the symptoms of the disease are muffled and it enters the chronic phase. If you consult a doctor, acute gingivitis will go away quickly and without a trace.

Chronic catarrhal gingivitis occurs due to the advanced acute stage of the disease. The symptoms are not so bright and appear only during the period of brushing teeth and eating. But signs such as hyperemia and bleeding indicate the presence of the disease. With a long course of the disease there is an increase in the depth of the gum pockets, as well as the appearance of a blue tint to the gums.

Chronic catarrhal gingivitis is detected when visiting the dentist due to an exacerbation of the disease or due to dental disease. The disease in the acute stage, in terms of symptoms, resembles the acute form. If catarrhal gingivitis is not treated, it becomes ulcerative-necrotic.

The difference between gingivitis and other gum diseases

Differential diagnostics is carried out to distinguish characteristic features gingivitis from stomatitis, periodontal disease and periodontitis, as they have similar symptoms.

Periodontitis occurs as a consequence of untreated gingivitis, is an inflammatory disease of the gums, manifested by bleeding and the appearance of periodontal (gum) pockets. With gingivitis, unlike periodontitis, teeth stand firmly, do not loosen, does not collapse and bone jaws.

With periodontal disease, the necks of the teeth are exposed, and the alveolar process of the jaw is absorbed (this is the area of the jaw where the roots of the teeth are located). Overgrown tartar takes up space that is freed up when the gums recede. After professional teeth cleaning, gaps appear and roots are exposed. With periodontal disease, as with gingivitis, the teeth remain immobile.

Stomatitis is distinguished by its location. Stomatitis affects the entire mucous membrane of the mouth, the cheeks, tongue, and palate become inflamed; with gingivitis, only the edge of the gums becomes inflamed.

When diagnosing, a qualified periodontist can easily determine the form, severity and nature of gingivitis in a patient.

Treatment of gingivitis

If gingivitis is diagnosed on initial stage, then the treatment will be quick and effective. Modern treatment methods allow you to cure the acute form of this disease within 10 days. But chronic stage(untreated acute form) of the disease requires long and labor-intensive treatment.

On this moment There are many treatment methods, and the choice of a particular regimen depends on factors:

from the form of gingivitis;
on the degree of neglect and severity;
on the age of the patient;
from the cause of occurrence.

Before starting treatment, the periodontist carries out professional teeth cleaning to free the teeth from non-mineralized and mineralized deposits (soft plaque and tartar). Cleansed gums improve clinical picture diseases. Some patients, encouraged by the results, stop treatment at this stage, but this should not be done. If the treatment is not completed, then a relapse will not take long to occur. Oral hygiene plays a decisive role in the prevention of oral diseases, the periodontist refers the patient to a special office, where the patient is taught proper brushing of teeth and oral hygiene.

If a separate area of the gum is inflamed, the cause may be an unpolished area of the filling. Dentist corrects the filling or replaces it with a new one which relieves the symptoms of the disease.

All treatment methods include the use medicines, and if there is a high severity of the disease, then a small surgery.

Medications

The prescription must include complex vitamins, because gingivitis occurs due to decreased immunity. Vitamin C is especially necessary, as it reduces bleeding and strengthens the walls of blood vessels.

The periodontist prescribes injections of the vitamins lincomycin and cyanocobalamin. Vitamins relieve symptoms, and lidocaine softens painful sensations.

Sometimes antibiotics are required for treatment. They are able to effectively combat acute stage diseases and protect against complications. Take antibiotics only as prescribed by a doctor, as there may be contraindications to them.

Ointments and gels

Ointments and gels are applied locally; they reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. Ointments "Solcoseryl" and "Metragil denta" on long time relieve itching and pain. Created by them thin film protects against temperature and chemical irritants, thanks to this, the occurrence of unpleasant sensations is prevented.

Toothpastes

No matter how painful and unpleasant it may be, a sick person needs to brush their teeth twice a day. It is prohibited to spare or injure, therefore toothbrush you need to take medium hardness. Toothpaste should be chosen with an anti-inflammatory and healing effect; it should contain sage, chamomile, calendula, and yarrow. They reduce swelling and bleeding, strengthen the gums.

Whitening toothpastes not used for gingivitis, since they contain abrasive substances that cause injury when brushing, they should be postponed until the gums are healthy again.

Traditional methods of treating gingivitis

The one who prefers folk technique traditional treatment, you should know that traditional medicine cannot completely cure gingivitis. Although, along with the appointment of a periodontist she can speed up the process recovery. It is important to keep your mouth clean. To speed up treatment, you can use various rinses and baths from a decoction of medicinal herbs.

Recipes for making infusion.

WITH Pour 200 ml of boiling water over a tablespoon of sage and leave for 20 minutes. Wait for the broth to cool and rinse your mouth after each meal. You can also prepare an infusion of chamomile. It has bactericidal properties and accelerates the gum healing process.
Celandine and oak bark have astringent properties. They relieve swelling and bleeding from gum inflammation. Crushed oak bark and dried celandine herb are used. To prepare the infusion, they are mixed: two tablespoons of each are poured with two glasses of boiling water. After the infusion has cooled at room temperature, you should rinse your mouth four times a day while the symptoms persist.

If you use traditional medicine, then discuss your actions with your periodontist. Advice from unenlightened people should be ignored.

How to eat with gingivitis?

The diet for this disease should contain a large amount of fresh vegetables and fruits, namely:

in citrus fruits contains a large percentage of vitamin C which helps strengthen blood vessels and reduce bleeding;
pears and apples contain trace elements and pectin, they speed up the healing process;
currants, blackberries, and raspberries enrich the body with vitamins and minerals that improve immunity;
Vegetables contain antioxidants and fiber. The diet should include zucchini, cabbage, and carrots; they speed up metabolic processes and reduce gum healing time.

You should limit your intake of fast carbohydrates: flour products, sweets, potatoes, as they contribute to the formation of soft plaque on the teeth.

How to prevent the occurrence of gingivitis?

Prevention of gingivitis is simple and, if desired, everyone can protect themselves from inflammatory diseases oral cavity. Simple rules hygiene:

These rules will protect your health from many diseases of the teeth and oral mucosa, including gingivitis.

Main symptoms:

Chronic gingivitis is considered one of the most common lesions of the gums and consists of inflammation occurring in them. There are no age or gender restrictions for the disease. The source of such a disease can be wide range predisposing factors - from a person’s lifestyle to the course of diseases affecting organs digestive system.

The chronic form of gingivitis has specific symptoms, which is clearly expressed during the period of exacerbation. The main symptoms include redness or hypertrophy of the gums, bleeding during oral hygiene and an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity.

The correct diagnosis is established by a periodontist based on information obtained during the initial diagnosis and examination of the patient’s oral cavity. Treatment for gum disease includes medications and physical therapy. However, in some cases, dental surgery is indicated.

The international classification of diseases ICD-10 allocates a separate value for such pathology - K 05.1.

Etiology

Fundamental factor of development inflammatory process in the gums there is an accumulation of pathological microflora, which accumulates in dental plaque. This most often occurs due to insufficient oral care.

However, clinicians also identify other reasons for the formation of the disease, which are presented:

insufficient intake of vitamins into the body;
malocclusion in an adult or child;
education;
inadequate removal of dental plaque;
pathologies of the digestive system or any other chronic diseases;
regular mechanical damage gums, for example, with a stiff toothbrush;
close arrangement of dental units;
absence of antagonists;
improperly installed fillings or braces that injure the skin;
poor-quality dental prosthetics;
long-term addiction to bad habits, in particular to smoking cigarettes;
constant breathing through the mouth;
lasting influence ionizing radiation on the gums;
poisoning of the body medicines or salts of heavy metals;
eating excessively hot foods or drinks;
complete absence or inadequate treatment of acute symptoms;
hormonal disorders, namely the course, puberty of adolescents, the period of bearing a child or;
infectious, allergic or systemic diseases affecting skin covering;
previously suffered vulgar, or.

All of the above factors lead to the fact that, against the background of inflammation, a gradual proliferation of gum tissue occurs, which in advanced cases leads to complete closure of the tooth.

The main risk group is people over sixty years of age - in this category, such a disease is diagnosed in 90% of cases. It is noteworthy that female representatives suffer from this disease several times less often than men.

Classification

Chronic gingivitis can occur in various forms, which will differ in their symptoms and treatment tactics. Thus, the inflammatory process in the gums occurs:

atrophic– characterized by the fact that it reduces the size of the gums, and signs of inflammation may be completely absent. This type of gingivitis is considered the initial form;

Depending on the degree of involvement of parts of the gum, chronic gingivitis occurs:

mild degree– only the interdental gum is affected, i.e. the papilla
moderate severity;
severe– all parts of the gum are involved in the pathological process, namely the papilla, marginal and alveolar zone.

According to the prevalence of the inflammatory process in the gums, they are distinguished:

chronic generalized gingivitis– the disease spreads to the mucous layer of the alveolar process of all teeth, both upper and lower jaw;
chronic focal gingivitis– inflammation affects a certain group of teeth.

Symptoms

The clinical picture will depend on the form and stage of development of the disease.

It should be noted that chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis can for a long time be completely asymptomatic. However, among the signs it is worth highlighting:

swelling of the gum mucosa;
redness or blueness;
bleeding when brushing teeth or eating rough food;
unpleasant odor from the mouth;
accumulation of dental plaque;
formation of tartar;
throbbing pain in the gums;
appearance white plaque on the tongue;
minor discomfort;
increased sensitivity teeth.

Hypertrophic or hyperplastic chronic gingivitis has the following symptoms:

overgrowth of gum tissue;
increase in the volume of interdental papillae;
swelling and redness of the gums;
mild pain syndrome;
bleeding during hygiene procedures or during a meal - it is worth noting that chronic simple marginal gingivitis does not have such a sign;
gum density;
formation of false periodontal pockets.

Symptoms of the desquamative type of the disease are presented:

the appearance of erythematous spots characterized by swelling;
the formation of blisters filled with serous-hemorrhagic fluid;
exposure of underlying tissues and bleeding;
the appearance of pain when pressing on the gums.

The atrophic type of inflammation is characterized by the following symptoms:

increased sensitivity of the gums to cold or hot food and drinks;
gum wrinkling;
gradual exposure of the neck of the tooth.

The clinical picture of the ulcerative-necrotic type of disease is presented:

soreness and itching of the gums;
changes in the volume of regional lymph nodes;
the formation of ulcers on the interdental papillae;
an increase in body temperature;
increased salivation.

If chronic gingivitis was caused by poisoning with heavy metal salts, then the following symptoms will be expressed:

the appearance of a dark-colored border on the gingival edge;
copious discharge saliva;
permanent presence metallic taste;
formation of microabscesses;
spread of the inflammatory process to the palate;

The sluggish course of gingivitis is characterized by a sudden exacerbation, gradual fading of symptoms and a long period of remission, which can last up to two years.

Diagnostics

If the above symptoms occur, you should seek help from a dentist or periodontist. It is these specialists who will be able to make the correct diagnosis and determine the tactics of how to treat chronic gingivitis.

Primary diagnosis involves the following activities:

a clinician’s examination of the patient’s medical history and life history to establish a possible etiological factor;
visual and instrumental examination of the oral cavity - this evaluates the condition of the mucous membranes of the gums and teeth. In addition, the doctor pays attention to the type of bite, the presence and condition of dentures, braces or fillings, as well as the presence of tartar or caries;
a detailed survey of the patient or his parents - to determine the first time of appearance and severity of symptoms. This is very important, since catarrhal gingivitis in children and adults can be completely asymptomatic for a very long time.

Instrumental diagnostic methods are limited to:

X-ray of the tooth - will indicate the severity of the disease pathological process;
probing the gingival sulcus will show the presence of bleeding, the absence of false gum pockets and the immobility of the tooth.

In order to accurately establish the cause of chronic gingivitis, the patient needs consultations with the following specialists:

endocrinologist and rheumatologist;
gastroenterologist and infectious disease specialist;
dermatologist and allergist.

Treatment

Elimination of such an ailment requires a whole range of therapeutic measures, namely:

sanitation of the oral cavity;
removal of tartar, deposits or;
removal of decayed teeth;
elimination of malocclusions;
neutralization of defects obtained during filling or prosthetics;
replacement of dentures;
plastic surgery of the frenulum of the lips or tongue.

Treatment of chronic gingivitis also includes:

professional oral hygiene;
processing inner shell mouth antiseptic substances;
rinsing the mouth with decoctions based on chamomile, eucalyptus and oak bark - this should be done after every meal and hygiene procedures;
periodontal applications on the gums.

Thanks to all the above conservative methods carry out successful treatment chronic catarrhal gingivitis, and in other cases they resort to:

taking antibacterial substances and immunomodulators;
gum massage;
medicinal electrophoresis;
laser therapy and ultraviolet radiation;
diathermocoagulation or cryodestruction of gum growths;
Gingivectomy is an operation aimed at excision of the affected area of the gum.

Prevention and prognosis

To avoid the development of a disease such as chronic gingivitis, it is recommended:

completely give up addictions;
eat only warm foods and drinks;
promptly treat non-dental diseases that can lead to the development of inflammation in the gums;
Visit the dentist several times a year for a preventive examination or removal of tartar and caries.

Catarrhal chronic gingivitis has the most favorable prognosis, but without identifying the cause of the disease, the likelihood of its relapse is high. It is impossible to completely cure atrophic gingivitis, complex therapy It only allows you to slow down the process of spreading atrophy.

The outcome of chronic gingivitis, which formed against the background of another illness, completely depends on the source and stage of inflammation.

It is worth noting that the lack of treatment for such a disease is fraught with the development of periodontal disease or complete loss of teeth.