Among the huge number of bacteria that pose a threat to the human body, the most common is staphylococcal infection. This pathogenic microorganism most often affects the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and genitourinary systems. Staphylococcus can enter the body in different ways: through airborne droplets, through dirty hands and food, and when using unsterile medical instruments. Moreover this bacterium long time is capable of being in a “dormant” state, but with a decrease in immunity, it is sharply activated and causes serious infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Today, about 30 strains of this microorganism are known, of which only 4 usually cause disease. In particular, epidermal staphylococcus can live on the skin and mucous membranes, in urethra– saprophytic staphylococcus, and the most dangerous is Staphylococcus aureus, which can affect any organs. There is also hemolytic staphylococcus, the symptoms and treatment of which are quite specific, since this bacterium can enter the blood and cause the destruction of red blood cells.
Symptoms
It should be noted that hemolytic staphylococcus is a rather insidious infection, as it is very resistant to antibiotics. In almost 70% of cases, this microorganism affects the mucous membranes of the human respiratory system, being the causative agent acute form tonsillitis or chronic sore throat. After penetration into the body, hemolytic staphylococcus “settles” mainly in the tonsils and nasopharynx. At first it does not manifest itself in any way, but when immunity decreases (for example, against the background of hypothermia or pregnancy), it begins to carry out its pathogenic activity.
At the end of the incubation period, which lasts 48 hours, the sick person experiences general malaise, weakness, fever, sneezing, and coughing. Most characteristic symptoms diseases caused hemolytic staphylococcus: redness (hyperemia) and enlargement of the tonsils, sore throat when swallowing, eating and talking. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, complications may develop: an increase in cervical lymph nodes, inflammation of the structures of the inner, middle or outer ear (otitis), skin pinpoint rash, fever, intoxication of the body (scarlet fever). Such negative manifestations most often occur in childhood.
Features of treatment of hemolytic staphylococcus
To determine the presence of hemolytic staphylococcus and correctly diagnose the disease respiratory tract, doctors take a swab from the throat of a sick person to carry out bacteriological research. Treatment of staphylococcal hemolytic infection is not an easy and time-consuming procedure, so using only aerosols and sprays to relieve a sore throat will not help. Moreover, it is necessary to select an antibacterial drug in such a way that the microorganism cannot get used to it. It's pretty difficult task, so sometimes antibiotics have to be changed during treatment. In any case, when treating diseases caused by hemolytic staphylococcus, systemic therapy is carried out, in which, in addition to antibacterial medications, immunomodulatory agents based on echinacea, lemongrass, eleutherococcus, ginseng, and Rhodiola rosea are prescribed.
Hemolytic staphylococcus and pregnancy
It is well known that during pregnancy, expectant mothers’ immunity decreases, so the hemolytic staphylococcus present in the body can come out of its “dormant” state. Moreover, its pathogenic effect may not cause tonsillitis or sore throat, but manifest itself in the form of unusual fatigue, lacrimation, and exacerbation of chronic runny nose (rhinitis). If a staphylococcal hemolytic infection is detected in a smear, the doctor prescribes the pregnant woman symptomatic treatment(nose drops, rinses, throat irrigants), as well as gentle antibacterial drugs that do not have negative influence on fetal health. Expectant mothers should remember that the main principle of treating this type of staphylococcus is to increase immunity. It is necessary to avoid hypothermia, stress, and consume more fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins.
Thus, in order to protect yourself from hemolytic staphylococcus, symptoms and treatment of diseases caused by this bacterium, you should eat well, harden the body and strengthen the immune system. Take care of your health!
Type: Firmicutes
Class: bacilli
Order: Bacillales
Family: Staphylococcaceae (Staphylococcal)
Genus: Staphylococcus
International scientific name: Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus(lat. Staphylococcus) is a non-motile spherical bacterium belonging to the Staphylococcus family (Staphylococcaceae).
Staphylococcus belongs to the group of positive, immobile, anaerobic, opportunistic microorganisms for the human body. The type of metabolism is oxidative and enzymatic. They do not form spores or capsules. The diameter of a staphylococcus cell is 0.6-1.2 microns, depending on the strain (species). The most common colors are purple, gold, yellow, and white. Some staphylococci are capable of synthesizing characteristic pigments.
Most types of staphylococcus bacteria are colored purple and spread in clusters similar to grapes, which is why they got their name, which translated from ancient Greek means “σταφυλή” (grapes) and “κόκκος” (grain).
Staphylococci in a certain amount are almost always found on the surface of the human body (in the nasal and oropharynx, on the skin), but when this infection gets inside, it weakens the body, and some of the types of staphylococcus can even cause the development of various diseases, including almost all organs and systems, especially if the immune system is weakened. The fact is that staphylococcus, getting inside, produces a large number of endo- and exotoxins (poisons) that poison the cells of the body, disrupting their normal functioning. The most common pathologies caused by staphylococci are pneumonia, toxic shock, sepsis, purulent skin lesions, disturbances in the functioning of the nervous, digestive and other systems, general poisoning body. It is not uncommon to join staphylococcal infection, as a secondary disease, as a complication of others.
The conditional pathogenicity of this type of infection suggests that staphylococci have a negative effect on human or animal health only under certain conditions.
There are quite a large number of types of staphylococcus - 50 (as of 2016). The most common are Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic, saprophytic and epidermal staphylococci. Each of the strains of these bacteria has its own severity and pathogenicity. They are resistant to many antibacterial drugs, as well as various harsh climatic conditions, but are sensitive to aqueous solutions silver salts and its electrolytic solutions.
Staphylococcal infection is widespread in soil and air. It is by air that a person is most often infected (infected). It is also worth noting that this type of infection can affect not only people, but also animals.
It has been noticed that children are most susceptible to infection with staphylococcus, which is due to the fact that they are not fully formed immune system and non-compliance with personal hygiene rules, as well as elderly people.
Causes of staphylococcus
The cause of the development of almost all staphylococcal diseases is a violation of the integrity of the skin or mucous membranes, as well as the consumption of contaminated food. The level of harm also depends on the strain of the bacterium, as well as the functioning of the immune system. The stronger the immune system, the less harm staphylococci can cause to human health. Thus, we can conclude that in most cases, staphylococcus disease requires a combination of 2 factors - infection inside and disruption of the normal functioning of the immune system.
How is staphylococcus transmitted? Let's look at the most popular ways of contracting staphylococcal infections.
How can staphylococcus enter the body?
Airborne path. During the season of respiratory diseases, frequent stay in places with large crowds of people also increases the risk of infection, not only staphylococcal, but also many other types of infection, incl. viral, fungal. , cough - such symptoms serve as a kind of beacons from which healthy people If possible, you should stay away.
Airborne dust path. Household and street dust contains a large number of different microscopic particles - plant pollen, exfoliated skin particles, hair of various animals, dust mites, particles of various materials (fabric, paper), and all this is usually seasoned with various infections - fungi. Staphylococcus and other types of infection are very often found in dust, and when we breathe such air, it does not in the best possible way affects our health.
Contact and household path. Infection usually occurs through sharing personal hygiene items, bed linen, especially if one of the family members is sick. The risk of infection increases with injury skin, mucous membrane.
Fecal-oral (nutritional) route. Infection occurs when eating food with dirty hands, i.e. - in case of non-compliance. It is also worth noting that infection through nutritional routes is also common cause diseases such as - and other complex ones.
Medical path. Infection with staphylococcus occurs through contact with insufficiently clean medical instruments, as with surgical interventions, and in some types of diagnostics, which imply a violation of the integrity of the skin or mucous membranes. This is usually due to the treatment of instruments with a product to which the staphylococcus has developed resistance.
How can staphylococcus seriously harm human health, or what weakens the immune system?
Presence of chronic diseases. Most diseases indicate a weakened immune system. If pathological processes are already occurring in the body, it is more difficult for it to protect itself from other diseases. Therefore, any disease increases the risk of a secondary infection, and staphylococcal one of them.
The most common diseases and pathological conditions, in which staphylococcus often attacks the patient, are: tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, diseases of other systems, as well as others chronic diseases.
In addition, the risk of infection with staphylococcus increases:
- Bad habits: smoking, drinking alcohol, drinking narcotic drugs;
- , lack of healthy sleep;
- Sedentary lifestyle;
- Use ;
- (vitamin deficiency);
- Abuse of some medicines– vasoconstrictors (violate the integrity of the nasal mucosa), antibiotics;
- Violations of the integrity of the skin, mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and mouth.
- Insufficient ventilation of rooms in which a person often stays (work, home);
- Work in enterprises with high air pollution, especially without protective equipment (masks).
Symptoms of staphylococcus
The clinical picture (symptoms) of staphylococcus can be very diverse, which depends on the organ affected, the strain of the bacterium, the age of the person, and the functionality (health) of the immune system of the potential patient.
Common symptoms of staphylococcus can be:
- Increased and heat body (often local) – up to, ;
- (a rush of blood to the site of inflammatory processes);
- General malaise, soreness;
- Swelling;
- Pyoderma (develops when staphylococcus gets under the skin), folliculitis, carbunculosis,;
- Decreased appetite;
- - , And ;
- Respiratory tract diseases:, and;
- Purulent discharge from the nasopharynx and oropharynx is yellow-green;
- Impaired sense of smell;
- Difficulty breathing, sneezing;
- Changing the timbre of the voice;
- Toxic shock syndrome;
- Drop in blood pressure;
- "Scalded Baby Syndrome";
- Impaired functioning of certain organs and tissues, which have become a source of infection;
Complications of staphylococcus:
- Lung abscess;
- Empyema of the pleura;
- Loss of voice;
- Convulsions;
Scientists have divided most types of staphylococcus into 11 groups:
1. Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylococcus aureus)— S. aureus, S. Simiae.
Staphylococcus aureus is the most pathogenic for the human body. Once inside, they can cause inflammation and damage to almost all human organs and tissues, as well as form a golden pigment. Staphylococcus aureus has the property of producing the coagulase enzyme, which is why it is sometimes called coagulase-positive staphylococcus.
2. Ear staphylococci (Staphylococcus auricularis)- S. auricularis.
3. Staphylococcus carnosus- S. carnosus, S. condimenti, S. massiliensis, S. piscifermentans, S. simulans.
4. Epidermal staphylococci ( Staphylococcus epidermidis) - S. capitis, S. caprae, S. epidermidis, S. saccharolyticus.
Staphylococcus epidermidis is most often found on human skin and mucous membranes. It is a common cause of diseases such as endocarditis, sepsis, purulent lesions of skin wounds and urinary tract. With the normal functioning of the immune system, the body does not allow epidermal staphylococci to multiply inside the body and infect it.
5. Hemolytic staphylococci (Staphylococcus haemolyticus)- S. devriesei, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis.
Hemolytic staphylococcus is most often the cause of diseases such as endocarditis, sepsis, inflammatory processes with suppuration on the skin, etc.
6. Staphylococcus hyicus-intermedius- S. agnetis, S. chromogenes, S. felis, S. delphini, S. hyicus, S. intermedius, S. lutrae, S. microti, S. muscae, S. pseudintermedius, S. rostri, S. schleiferi.
7. Staphylococcus lugdunensis— S. lugdunensis.
8. Saprophytic staphylococci (Staphylococcus saprophyticus)– S. arlettae, S. cohnii, S. equorum, S. gallinarum, S. kloosii, S. leei, S. nepalensis, S. saprophyticus, S. succinus, S. xylosus.
Saprophytic staphylococcus is often the cause of urinary tract diseases such as cystitis and urethritis. This is due to the fact that saprophytic staphylococcus is found mainly on the skin of the genitals, as well as the mucous membranes of the urinary tract.
9. Staphylococcus sciuri– S. fleurettii, S. lentus, S. sciuri, S. stepanovicii, S. vitulinus.
10. Staphylococcus simulans– S. simulans.
11. Staphylococcus warneri– S. pasteuri, S. warneri.
Degrees of staphylococcus
To determine the exact treatment regimen, doctors divided the course of staphylococcal disease into 4 conventional degrees. This is due to the fact that different kinds infections, as well as their pathological activity in different times and at different conditions vary. In addition, this approach to diagnosis distinguishes between a staphylococcal infection and which group it belongs to - a completely pathogenic effect on the body, opportunistic and saprophytes, which practically do not cause any harm to humans.
Degrees of staphylococcus
Staphylococcus stage 1. Localization of infection for collection for diagnosis - nasopharynx and oropharynx, skin, genitourinary system. Clinical manifestations absent or minimal. With a healthy immune system, drug therapy is not required.
Staphylococcus stage 2. Clinical manifestations (symptoms) are minimal or absent. If there are complaints, a thorough diagnosis is carried out for the presence of other types of infection. If it is determined that another type of bacteria is present in the body, privately prescribed antibacterial therapy.
Staphylococcus 3 degrees. The patient has complaints. In most cases, antibiotic therapy is necessary, unless the attending physician considers the use of antibiotics to be unjustified. Treatment of stage 3 staphylococcus is usually aimed primarily at strengthening the immune system. If within 2 months the body does not recover, a individual scheme treatment of infection, incl. using antibacterial agents.
Staphylococcus stage 4. Therapy is aimed at strengthening the immune system, eliminating... Before using antibacterial therapy, a thorough diagnosis is carried out to determine the reaction of a particular type of staphylococcus to the drug.
Diagnosis of staphylococcus
Testing for staphylococcus is carried out from smears taken usually from the surface of the skin, mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract or urinary tract.
Additional examination methods may include:
How to treat staphylococcus? Treatment of staphylococcus usually consists of 2 points - strengthening the immune system and antibacterial therapy. If there are other diseases, their treatment is also carried out.
The use of antibiotics based on diagnosis is very important, since the type of staphylococcus can be determined by clinical picture is almost impossible, and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can cause a large number of side effects.
However, the following most popular antibiotics are used to treat staphylococcus.
Antibiotics for staphylococcus
Important! Before using antibiotics, be sure to consult your doctor.
"Amoxicillin". Has the property of suppressing infection, stopping its reproduction and negative impact on the body. Blocks the production of peptidoglycan.
"Baneotsin". Ointment for the treatment of staphylococcus in skin lesions. It is based on a combination of two antibiotics - bacitracin and neomycin.
"Vancomycin". Promotes the death of bacteria by blocking a component that is part of its cell membrane. It is used intravenously.
"Clarithomycin", "Clindamycin" And « » . They block the production of proteins by bacteria, without which they die.
"Cloxacillin". Blocks the proliferation of staphylococcus by blocking their membranes present during the stage of cell division. Usually prescribed at a dose of 500 mg/6 hours.
"Mupirocin" – antibacterial ointment for staphylococcal skin lesions. Used for external use. The ointment is based on three antibiotics - Bactroban, Bonderm and Supirocin.
"Oxacillin". Blocks bacterial cell division, thereby destroying them. Method of administration: oral, intravenous and intramuscular.
— In hot weather, avoid eating confectionery, meat, dairy and other products that are not stored in proper conditions;
— If the skin is injured, be sure to treat the wound with antiseptic agents, then cover it with a band-aid;
— Try not to visit beauty salons, tattoo parlors, solariums or dental clinics of dubious nature, where they may not adhere to sanitary standards for processing medical instruments.
Which doctor should you contact if you have a staphylococcal infection?
Hemolytic staphylococcus, according to statistics, provokes tonsillitis and sore throat in fifty percent of cases. This is due to the fact that the mucous membranes in the respiratory tract are primarily affected. Irritation accelerates the inflammatory process.
What do the doctor's say...
According to experts, it is almost impossible to completely get rid of this microorganism. Treatment for Staphylococcus hemolyticus is aimed at relieving symptoms. During therapy, the activity of pathological bacteria is suppressed. It should be noted that in medical practice hemolytic staphylococcus is less common than golden staphylococcus. It is the latter that is the main cause of various purulent processes. Pathologies, in particular, include pneumonia, mastitis, and otitis. Staphylococcus often causes food poisoning. Externally, the infection may be accompanied by a rash.
Clinical picture of the disease
Staphylococcus in the nasopharynx or tonsils, as a rule, is in a calm “sleeping” state. But a number of factors (hypothermia, for example) can activate it and provoke reproduction. Incubation period usually lasts about forty-eight hours. During this time, microorganisms actively settle in the larynx and spread throughout respiratory system. After this they begin to appear clinical symptoms pathology. In particular, the patient feels a sore throat, which becomes more intense when sneezing, swallowing, coughing, or while talking. The tonsils are also enlarged and the temperature is likely to rise. The patient may feel weak and unwell. Redness of the skin is observed in the throat area. In addition, the development of complications is likely: the occurrence of otitis media, scarlet fever, inflammation of the neck nodes.
Hemolytic staphylococcus. Therapy
Symptom relief is achieved through antibacterial drugs. It should, however, be noted that microorganisms have the ability to quickly get used to medications. In this regard, when diagnosing, the strain of the bacterium must be clearly defined. In addition, during long-term therapy, it is advisable to change drugs periodically. Hemolytic staphylococcus is often activated during pregnancy. In this case, medications are prescribed depending on the period.
Doctors prescribe gentle antibiotics. In addition, topical medications are recommended to relieve symptoms. Such remedies include various nasal drops, rinses, and throat irrigations. After the therapeutic course, the doctor prescribes a test: bacterial culture. Even if a microorganism is found, this does not mean that serious illness. In such cases, experts recommend improving health by increasing immunity. During pregnancy, you should include more vegetables and fruits (fresh) in your diet, and avoid nervous, stressful situations, and emotional states. We should not forget that every person is attacked by millions of pathological bacteria. It should be said that hemolytic staphylococcus does not always require the use of antibiotics. Depending on the stage of the pathology, the doctor will select the appropriate therapy.
Hemolytic staphylococcus causes many diseases in men. Pathologies caused by staphylococcus occur in a latent form in humans. Identify the disease early stages possible when passing medical examination. Treatment of staphylococcus should be carried out on early development to avoid complications.
What does a bacterium look like?
Hemolytic staphylococcus is a spherical microorganism. The size of an adult bacterium reaches 1.2 microns. Microorganisms settle in small colonies. Under a microscope, the colony looks like a bunch of grapes. Hemolytic staphylococcus belongs to the class of bacteria, the order of bacilli. The bacterium is a pathogenic microflora male body.
On fast growth colonies are influenced by the immune system. With a decrease in local immunity, staphylococcus begins to actively multiply and feed on the tissues in the damaged area. Hemolytic staphylococcus causes tissue necrosis and infection circulatory system. The bacterium is highly resistant to many antibiotics and tolerates temperature changes well. As the temperature rises environment up to 70 degrees, staphylococcus can live up to 12 hours. Due to the bacteria's resistance to antibiotic therapy, the disease is difficult to treat.
Pathologies indicating the presence of bacteria
Hemolytic staphylococcus cannot be detected independently. The bacterium can only be recognized if men have the following diseases:
- The appearance of boils on different parts of the skin;
- The presence of a purulent abscess in the larynx;
- Eczema of various etiologies;
- Cutaneous neurodermatitis;
- Blepharic eye damage;
- Development of pneumonia with lung damage;
- Inflammatory processes in hair follicles;
- Necrosis of the kidneys and gallbladder;
- Purulent inflammation of brain tissue;
- Septic blood poisoning.
The bacterium affects the occurrence of complications. When a man's ears are infected with staphylococcus, purulent otitis media. If the bacteria gets on the mucous membrane of the nose and pharynx, there may be purulent sore throats and sinusitis. The danger of the bacteria is the development of purulent infection and resistance to antibiotics. The most severe pathology caused by hemolytic staphylococcus is sepsis. If you do not apply for it in a timely manner outpatient treatment, the man may die.
Causes of bacterial infection
The development of bacterial colonies is affected by a decrease in the male immune system. Staphylococcus can cause secondary infection of the tissue. Thus, when wounds appear on the body, the bacterium provokes the formation of suppuration in the tissue. In the affected organ or tissue, the bacterium settles in place of the dead microflora. Since the microorganism is capable of causing necrosis, the cells in the affected area die and purulent inflammation appears. Staphylococcus causes severe poisoning damaged tissue due to the exotoxin it produces.
In men, the occurrence of infection is influenced by the following reasons:
- Failure to comply with personal hygiene rules;
- The presence of various injuries on the body;
- Weakening of the immune system;
- Infectious diseases of various etiologies.
Hemolytic staphylococcus causes infection of the genitourinary system in men. The bacterium enters the urinary canal from the external environment. Staphylococcus causes cystitis and purulent urethritis. In some men, staphylococcus causes purulent lesions of the external genitalia. The cause of genitourinary tract infections is most often tight underwear.
Methods to combat bacteria
Hemolytic staphylococcus is difficult to treat. This is due to some characteristics of the microorganism.
The bacterium has high vitality. The microorganism can survive repeated freezing and thawing. Sunlight does not have a detrimental effect on staphylococcus. Bacteria tolerate drying in medical ovens well. After drying, the bacterium remains viable for five months. The death of microorganisms occurs when they are boiled and exposed to a 5% phenol solution. Staphylococcus completely disappears when local application brilliant green.
To treat infections caused by hemolytic staphylococcus, a narrow range of antibiotic drugs and special drug containing a bacteriophage. Taking immune medications helps achieve rapid positive results in therapy.
Elimination of infection by bacteriophage
Bacteriophagic drugs have high activity against staphylococcus. For therapy, a bacterium that feeds on staphylococcus is used. To prescribe a bacteriophage, it is necessary to find out the strain of staphylococcus that caused the infection. After precise definition disease, the man is injected with the drug. Methods for introducing bacteriophage are varied and depend on the location of the colonies. Positive results Bacteriophagic treatment has been shown in the following pathologies:
- Otitis, purulent lesions of the pharynx and sinusitis;
- Purulent abscesses;
- Staphylococcal intestinal damage;
- Genitourinary diseases;
- Furunculosis of soft tissues;
- Folliculitis.
For the treatment of otitis media, diluted liquid bacteriophage is used. The drug is used dropwise in auricle. The procedure is carried out over a five-day period with daily instillation of the bacteriophage.
For purulent sore throat, viable bacteria are used in pure form. The drug is used to irrigate the pharynx and mouth. Therapy lasts 10 days. Irrigation is carried out twice during the day. After taking the drug, you should not take food or water for an hour.
For intestinal dysbiosis and infections gastrointestinal tract The bacteriophage is used in the form of tablets. The tablet form has an enteric coating. The shell dissolves when it enters the intestine, and the bacterium enters the mucous tissue. The duration of treatment depends on the degree of damage to the gastrointestinal tract, but does not exceed two weeks. When staphylococcus penetrates the large intestine, a man is prescribed the use of enemas with a solution of the medicinal substance.
For the treatment of staphylococcus in genitourinary system A pure liquid solution of bacteria is used. The drug is administered through a special catheter. Treatment must be carried out in a hospital. The death of the microorganism occurs on the third day of treatment with the bacteriophage. For infections of the external genitalia in men, lotions are used. If there is suppuration on the affected area, then brilliant green is applied together with the bacteriophage.
Follicular suppuration and furunculosis require complex treatment. The man is prescribed to take the drug orally and inject it with a bacteriophage. The affected area is injected with the drug locally. For quick treatment five procedures are required. Local injection is carried out every other day in the hospital. Taking a bacteriophage helps kill staphylococcus from the inside.
An abscess can only be treated by a specialist. To begin the procedure, the purulent film is removed from the area affected by the abscess and all the liquid is removed. If the suppuration is deep in the larynx, the wound is cleaned using a catheter. After thoroughly drying the wound, a bacteriophage solution is applied. If it is impossible to reach the affected area, then an intravenous infusion of the drug is performed. The medicine is administered through the system over 3–5 days.
Drug therapy
Staphylococcus is difficult to treat with antibiotic drugs. If, during bacterial inoculation, the microorganism shows activity against a wide range of antibiotics, then the staphylococcus may not die when used. The modern pharmaceutical industry has developed three antibiotics that are effective against staphylococcal infections in men:
- Vancomycin in the form of a solution for intravenous administration;
- Daptomycin;
Vancomycin has wide range actions. The effectiveness of the drug is related to its mechanism of action. Medicinal substance affects the bacterial membrane, is able to change the structure of RNA, makes staphylococcus inactive. For treatment, powder is used to prepare a solution. The drug should be prepared immediately before the procedure. The use of vancomycin is not always advisable. A man may have a history of contraindications to use. Thus, the drug is not prescribed for neuritis of the auditory canal, the presence renal failure. Before using vancomycin, a man is tested for susceptibility. The antibiotic is highly toxic and poorly tolerated. Treatment of staphylococcus with vancomycin takes five days.
Daptomycin was developed relatively recently. The drug belongs to cyclic lipopeptides. The drug substance is used in the form of systems. Daptomycin causes a depolarization process in cell membrane staphylococcus. When peptide synthesis is rapidly inhibited, the microorganism dies. Antibiotic treatment is carried out in a hospital, since the drug causes various side effects. The drug is not used in men with toxic kidney damage. Daptomycin therapy is carried out for five days and causes complete death of the bacterium. Since the drug has a narrow spectrum of action, it has a high cost. The price for one bottle of daptomycin reaches 7100 rubles.
Linezolid is prescribed to a man if vancomycin is ineffective. The medicine is available in the form of solutions for intravenous administration and pills. It is used for the treatment of hemolytic staphylococcus in men. intravenous solution. Therapy is carried out over a five-day period. The infusion is given once a day. The drip is administered slowly and should take at least 30 minutes. Lisenolide is used to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. The drug has a high cost. One bottle of medicine can cost 4 thousand rubles. The drug substance interacts with tyrol. It is prohibited to take beer drinks and smoked products during the entire treatment.
Self-administration of antibiotics can lead to complications.
A man needs to know the availability chronic diseases and pathological processes in the body. All drugs are toxic to the kidneys. If therapy is carried out without medical supervision, a man may experience necrosis of the kidney tissue.
Disease prevention
Infection with hemolytic staphylococcus can be avoided. A man must strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene. If wounds or skin injuries are detected, you must immediately use an antibacterial solution or brilliant green. When visiting public places Wet antibacterial wipes should be used. If a man with a staphylococcal infection lives in the house, all family members should use individual towels and utensils. A man should choose underwear that is not tight and made from natural materials. You can use antibacterial gel or soap to wash your body. After visiting the street, you should wash your hands and be sure to check for wounds and abrasions on your body.
If a man pays attention to frequent purulent diseases, then he needs to consult a specialist for advice. Bacterial culture will help identify the cause of the disease.
