IN Federal law“On Environmental Protection” states that “...reproduction and rational use of natural resources... the necessary conditions ensuring a favorable environment and environmental safety..."
Environmental management (use of natural resources) is the totality of all forms of human impact on nature and its resources. The main forms of influence are: exploration and extraction (development) of natural resources, their involvement in economic circulation (transportation, sale, processing, etc.), as well as the protection of natural resources. In possible cases - resumption (reproduction).
By environmental consequences Environmental management is divided into rational and irrational. Rational environmental management is a consciously regulated, purposeful activity carried out taking into account the laws of nature and ensuring:
Society's need for natural resources while maintaining a balance between economic development and sustainability natural environment;
An environmentally friendly natural environment for human health and life;
Preservation of natural resources in the interests of present and future generations of people.
Rational environmental management ensures a regime of economical and efficient exploitation of natural resources with maximum extraction from them healthy products. Rational environmental management does not lead to drastic changes in natural resource potential and does not cause profound changes in the natural environment. At the same time, the norms of permissible impact on nature are observed, based on the requirements of its protection and causing the least harm to it.
A prerequisite is legislative support for environmental management at the state level, regulation, implementation of measures aimed at solving environmental problems and monitoring the state of the natural environment.
Not rational environmental management is an activity associated with a high intensity of use of natural resources, which does not ensure the conservation of the natural resource complex, and violates the laws of nature. As a result of such activities, the quality of the natural environment deteriorates, its degradation occurs, natural resources are depleted, the natural basis of people’s livelihoods is undermined, and their health is harmed. Such use of natural resources violates environmental safety and can lead to environmental crises and even disasters.
An ecological crisis is a critical state of the environment that threatens human existence.
Ecological disaster - changes in the natural environment, often caused by the impact of human economic activity, a man-made accident or natural disaster, leading to unfavorable changes in the natural environment and accompanied by massive loss of life or damage to the health of the population of the region, death of living organisms, vegetation, large losses of material values and natural resources.
To the reasons irrational environmental management relate:
An unbalanced and unsafe system of environmental management that developed spontaneously in the last century;
The population has the idea that many natural resources are given to people for nothing (cutting down a tree to build a house, getting water from a well, picking berries in the forest); the entrenched concept of a “free” resource, which does not stimulate frugality and encourages wastefulness;
Social conditions that have caused a sharp increase in population, an increase in the productive forces on the planet and, accordingly, the impact of human society on nature and its resources (life expectancy has increased, mortality has decreased, production of food, consumer goods, housing, and other goods has increased).
Changed social conditions caused a high rate of depletion of natural resources. In industrialized countries, the capacity of modern industry now doubles approximately every 15 years, constantly causing deterioration of the natural environment.
After humanity realized what was happening and began to compare economic benefits with the opportunities and environmental losses of nature, environmental quality began to be viewed as economic category(product). The consumer of this product is, first of all, the population living in a certain territory, and then industry, construction, transport and other sectors of the economy.
Many advanced countries, starting with Japan, in the middle of the 20th century embarked on the path of resource conservation, while the economy of our country continued extensive (cost-consuming) development, in which the growth of production volumes increased mainly due to the involvement of new natural resources in economic circulation. And at present, an unreasonably large volume of natural resource use remains.
The extraction of natural resources is constantly growing. For example, water consumption in Russia (for the needs of the population, industry, agriculture) has increased 7 times over 100 years. The consumption of energy resources has increased manifold.
Another problem is the fact that in finished products Only about 2% of mined minerals are transferred. The remaining amount is stored in dumps, dissipated during transportation and overloading, lost during ineffective technological processes, and replenishes waste. In this case, pollutants enter the natural environment (soil and vegetation, water sources, atmosphere). Large losses of raw materials are also due to the lack of economic interest in the rational and complete extraction of all useful components from them.
Economic activity has destroyed entire populations of animals and plants, many species of insects, led to a progressive decrease in water resources, to the filling of underground workings with fresh water, due to which the aquifers of groundwater that feed rivers and are sources of drinking water supply are dehydrated.
The result of irrational environmental management was an intensive decrease in soil fertility. Acid rain, the culprit of soil acidification, is formed when industrial emissions, flue gases and vehicle exhausts dissolve in atmospheric moisture. As a result, the reserves of nutrients in the soil are reduced, which leads to damage to soil organisms and a decrease in soil fertility. The main sources and causes of soil pollution with heavy metals (soil pollution with lead and cadmium is especially dangerous) are car exhaust gases and emissions from large enterprises.
From the combustion of coal, fuel oil, and oil shale, soils are contaminated with benzo(a)pyrene, dioxins, and heavy metals. Sources of soil pollution are urban wastewater, industrial and household waste dumps, from which rain and melt water carry unpredictable sets of components, including hazardous ones, into the soil and groundwater. Harmful substances entering the soil, plants, and living organisms can accumulate there to high, life-threatening concentrations. Radioactive contamination of soils is caused by nuclear power plants, uranium and enrichment mines, and radioactive waste storage facilities.
When agricultural cultivation of the land is carried out in violation of the scientific principles of agriculture, soil erosion inevitably occurs - the process of destruction of the upper, most fertile soil layers under the influence of wind or water. Water erosion is the washing away of soil by melt or storm water.
Atmospheric pollution as a result of irrational environmental management is a change in its composition due to the arrival of impurities of technogenic (from industrial sources) or natural (from forest fires, volcanic eruptions, etc.) origin. Emissions from enterprises (chemicals, dusts, gases) travel through the air over considerable distances.
As a result of their deposition, vegetation cover is damaged, the productivity of agricultural land, livestock and fisheries decreases, and changes chemical composition surface and groundwater. All this affects not only natural systems, but also the social environment.
Motor transport is the largest air pollutant of all others. Vehicle. Road transport accounts for more than half of all harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Determined that automobile transport It also leads in the range of harmful components in exhaust gases, which contain about 200 different hydrocarbons, as well as other harmful substances, many of which are carcinogens, that is, substances that promote the development of cancer cells in living organisms.
The pronounced impact on humans of vehicle emissions is recorded in major cities. In houses located near highways (closer than 10 m from them), residents suffer from cancer 3...4 times more often than in houses located at a distance of 50 m or more from the road.
Water pollution as a result of irrational environmental management occurs mainly due to oil spills during tanker accidents, nuclear waste disposal, and discharges of domestic and industrial sewage systems. This is a big threat to the natural processes of water circulation in nature in its most critical link - evaporation from the surface of the ocean.
When petroleum products enter water bodies with wastewater, they cause profound changes in the composition of aquatic vegetation and wildlife, as their habitat conditions are disrupted. Surface oil film prevents penetration sunlight, necessary for the life of vegetation and animal organisms.
Fresh water pollution poses a serious problem for humanity. The water quality of most water bodies does not meet regulatory requirements. About half of the Russian population is already forced to use water for drinking purposes that does not meet hygienic regulatory requirements.
One of the main properties of fresh water as a component of the environment is its irreplaceability. The environmental load on rivers has increased especially sharply due to insufficient quality of wastewater treatment. Petroleum products remain the most common pollutants for surface waters. The number of rivers with high levels of pollution is constantly growing. The current level of wastewater treatment is such that even in waters that have undergone biological treatment, the content of nitrates and phosphates is sufficient for intensive blooming of water bodies.
The condition of groundwater is assessed as pre-critical and tends to further deteriorate. Pollution enters them with runoff from industrial and urban areas, landfills, and fields treated with chemicals. Of the substances polluting surface and groundwater, in addition to petroleum products, the most common are phenols, heavy metals (copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel, mercury), sulfates, chlorides, nitrogen compounds, with lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury being highly toxic metals.
An example of an irrational attitude towards the most valuable natural resource - clean drinking water— is the depletion of the natural resources of Lake Baikal. Depletion is associated with the intensity of development of the lake’s riches, the use of environmentally dirty technologies and outdated equipment at enterprises that discharge their sewage (with insufficient treatment) into the waters of Lake Baikal and the rivers flowing into it.
Further deterioration of the environment poses a serious threat to the population and future generations of Russia. It is possible to restore almost any kind of destruction, but it is impossible to revive damaged nature in the foreseeable future, even for a lot of money. It will take centuries to stop its further destruction and delay the approach of an environmental catastrophe in the world.
Residents of industrialized cities experience increased level morbidity, since they are forced to constantly be in contaminated environment(concentration harmful substances in which it can exceed the maximum permissible concentration by 10 or more times). To the greatest extent, air pollution manifests itself in an increase in respiratory diseases and a decrease in immunity, especially in children, in growth oncological diseases among the population. Control samples of agricultural food products unacceptably often show non-compliance with state standards.
The deterioration of environmental quality in Russia may cause disruption of the human gene pool. This is manifested in an increase in the number of diseases, including congenital ones, and a decrease in average life expectancy. The negative genetic consequences of environmental pollution on the state of nature can be expressed in the appearance of mutants, previously unknown diseases of animals and plants, a reduction in population sizes, as well as the depletion of traditional biological resources.
Being a part of nature, man has used its gifts for many centuries to develop technology and for the benefit of human civilization, while causing colossal and irreparable harm to the surrounding space. Modern scientific facts indicate that it is time to think about the wise use of nature, because thoughtless waste of the earth's resources can lead to an irreversible environmental disaster.
Environmental management system
Modern system environmental management is an integral structure covering all areas of human activity in modern stage, including public consumption of natural resources.
Science views environmental management as a set of measures for the rational use of natural resources, aimed not only at processing, but also at restoration, using improved methods and technologies. In addition, this is a discipline that provides theoretical knowledge and practical skills in preserving and increasing natural diversity and the wealth of the entire world space.
Classification of natural resources
By origin, natural resources are divided into:
According to industrial use, they are distinguished:
- World Land Trust.
- Forest fund is part of the land resources on which trees, shrubs, and grasses grow.
- Hydro resources are the energy and fossils of lakes, rivers, seas, and oceans.
By degree of depletion:
Rational and irrational environmental management
Rational environmental management is the continuous impact of man on the surrounding space, where he knows how to manage relationships with nature on the basis of its conservation and protection from undesirable consequences in the process of his activities.
Signs of rational environmental management:
- Restoration and reproduction of natural resources.
- Conservation of land, water, animals and flora.
- Gentle extraction of minerals and harmless processing.
- Preservation of the natural environment for human, animal and plant life.
- Maintaining the ecological balance of the natural system.
- Regulation of fertility and population.
Rational environmental management implies the interaction of the entire natural system based on maintaining the laws of ecology, rationalization in the use, conservation and enhancement of available resources. The essence of environmental management is based on the primary laws of mutual synthesis of various natural systems. Thus, rational environmental management means the analysis of a biological system, its careful operation, protection and reproduction, taking into account not only current, but also future interests of the development of economic sectors and the preservation of human health.
Examples of rational environmental management are:
The current state of environmental management shows an irrational approach, which leads to the destruction of the ecological balance and a very difficult recovery from human impact. In addition, extensive exploitation based on old technologies has created a situation in which the environment is polluted and degraded.
Signs of irrational environmental management:
There is quite a large number of examples of irrational environmental management, which, unfortunately, prevails in economic activity and is characteristic of intensive production.
Examples of unsustainable environmental management:
- Slash-and-burn farming, plowing of slopes on highlands, which leads to the formation of ravines, soil erosion and the destruction of the fertile layer of soil (humus).
- Changes in hydrological regime.
- Deforestation, destruction of protected areas, overgrazing.
- Discharge of waste and sewage into rivers, lakes, seas.
- Atmospheric pollution by chemicals.
- Extermination of valuable species of plants, animals and fish.
- Open way mining.
Principles of rational environmental management
Human activity, as part of the search for ways to rationally use natural resources and improve environmental safety methods, is based on the following principles:
Ways to implement the principles
At the present stage, many countries are implementing political programs and natural resource management projects that address:
In addition, within the framework of a separate state, work is underway aimed at developing and implementing regional environmental plans and measures, and management and control of activities in this area should be carried out by state and public organizations. These measures will allow:
- provide the population with environmentally friendly work in production;
- create a healthy environment for residents of cities and villages;
- decrease dangerous influence from natural disasters and catastrophes;
- preserve the ecosystem in disadvantaged regions;
- implement modern technologies to ensure environmental standards;
- regulate acts of environmental legislation.
The problem of rational use of natural resources is much broader and more complex than it might seem at first glance. It must be remembered that in nature everything is closely interconnected and not a single component can exist in isolation from each other.
The damage caused during centuries of economic activity can be corrected only if society consciously approaches solving problems regarding the global environmental situation. And this is everyday work for the individual, the state and the world community.
In addition, before preserving any biological entity, it is necessary to thoroughly study the entire agrobiological system, acquire knowledge and understand the essence of its existence. And only by understanding nature and its laws, a person will be able to rationally use all its benefits and resources, as well as increase and save for the future generation of people.
Nature management- is an activity of human society aimed at through the use of...
There are rational and irrational use of natural resources.
Irrational environmental management
Irrational use of natural resources - is a system of environmental management in which readily available natural resources are used in large quantities and incompletely, resulting in rapid depletion of resources. In this case, a large amount of waste is produced and the environment is heavily polluted.
Irrational use of natural resources is typical for an economy developing through new construction, development of new lands, use of natural resources, and an increase in the number of employees. Such an economy initially brings good results at a relatively low scientific and technical level of production, but quickly leads to a decrease in natural and labor resources.
Rational environmental management
is a system of environmental management in which extracted natural resources are fully used, restoration of renewable natural resources is ensured, production waste is fully and repeatedly used (i.e. waste-free production is organized), which can significantly reduce environmental pollution.
Rational use of natural resources is characteristic of intensive farming, which develops on the basis of scientific and technological progress and good organization of labor with high labor productivity. An example of rational environmental management there can be a zero-waste production in which waste is completely used, resulting in reduced consumption of raw materials and minimized environmental pollution.
One of the types of waste-free production is the repeated use in the technological process of water taken from rivers, lakes, boreholes, etc. The used water is purified and re-entered into the production process.
A system of measures aimed at maintaining the interaction between human activities and the natural environment is called nature conservation. Environmental protection is a complex of various measures aimed at ensuring the functioning of natural systems. Rational environmental management implies ensuring the economical exploitation of natural resources and the conditions of human existence.
To the system of specially protected natural areas include nature reserves, National parks, reserves, natural monuments. A tool for monitoring the state of the biosphere is environmental monitoring - a system of continuous observations of the state of the natural environment in connection with human economic activities.
Nature conservation and rational use of natural resources
In the process of the formation of the science of ecology, there was a confusion of concepts about what determines the essence of this science in general and the structure of the ecological cycle of sciences in particular. Ecology began to be interpreted as the science of protection and rational use of nature. Automatically, everything related to the natural environment began to be called ecology, including nature conservation and protection of the human environment.
At the same time, the last two concepts were artificially mixed and are currently considered in a complex. Based on the ultimate goals, nature conservation and environmental protection are close to each other, but still not identical.
Protection of Nature is aimed primarily at maintaining rational interaction between human activities and the environment in order to preserve and restore natural resources and prevent the harmful effects of economic activity on nature and human health.
Environmental protection focuses primarily on the needs of the person himself. This is a complex of various activities (administrative, economic, technological, legal, social, etc.) aimed at ensuring the functioning of natural systems necessary to preserve human health and well-being.
Environmental management is aimed at meeting human needs through the rational use of natural resources and natural conditions.
Nature management is the totality of human impacts on the geographical envelope Land, the totality of all forms of exploitation of natural resources. The objectives of environmental management come down to the development general principles carrying out any human activity related either to the direct use of nature and its resources, or to impacts on it.
Principles of rational environmental management
The practical application of environmental knowledge can be seen primarily in solving environmental management issues. Only ecology as a science is capable of creating a scientific basis for the exploitation of natural resources. The attention of ecology is directed primarily to the laws underlying natural processes.
Rational environmental management involves ensuring the economical exploitation of natural resources and conditions, taking into account the interests of future generations of people. It is aimed at ensuring the conditions for the existence of mankind and obtaining material benefits, at maximizing the use of each natural territorial complex, at preventing or significantly reducing the possible harmful consequences of production processes or other types of human activity, at maintaining and increasing the productivity of nature, maintaining its aesthetic function, ensuring and regulation of the economical development of its resources, taking into account the preservation of human health.
In contrast to the rational irrational environmental management affects the quality, waste and depletion of natural resources, undermining the restorative forces of nature, polluting the environment, reducing its health and aesthetic advantages. It leads to the deterioration of the natural environment and does not ensure the preservation of natural resource potential.
Nature management includes:
- extraction and processing of natural resources, their protection, renewal or reproduction;
- use and protection of natural conditions of the human living environment;
- preservation, restoration and rational change of the ecological balance of natural systems;
- regulation of human reproduction and population numbers.
Nature protection, rational use and reproduction of natural resources is a universal human task, in which everyone living on the planet should participate in the solution.
Environmental activities are focused primarily on preserving the diversity of life forms on Earth. The totality of species of living organisms on our planet creates a special fund of life, which is called gene pool. This concept is broader than just a collection of living beings. It includes not only manifested, but also potential hereditary inclinations of each type. We still don’t know everything about the prospects for using this or that type. The existence of some organism, which now seems unnecessary, in the future may turn out to be not only useful, but also, perhaps, saving for humanity.
The main task of nature conservation is not to protect a certain number of plant or animal species from the threat of extinction, but to combine a high level of productivity with the preservation of a wide network of centers of genetic diversity in the biosphere. The biological diversity of fauna and flora ensures the normal circulation of substances and the sustainable functioning of ecosystems. If humanity can solve this important environmental problem, in the future we can count on the production of new food products, medicines, raw materials for industry.
Saving problem biological diversity living organisms on the planet is currently the most acute and significant problem for humanity. The possibility of preserving life on Earth and humanity itself as part of the biosphere depends on how this problem is solved.
It is clear that resources are indeed limited and it is necessary to treat them sparingly. When resources are used irrationally, it is necessary to talk about the problem of their limitation, because if the waste of a resource is not stopped, in the future, when it is needed, it simply will not exist. But, although the problem of limited resources has been clear for a long time, in different countries can see vivid examples wasting resources. For example, in Russia currently the state policy in the field of energy saving is based on the priority of the efficient use of energy resources and the implementation of state supervision over this process. The state insists on the obligation for legal entities to account for the energy resources they produce or consume, as well as for individuals to account for the energy resources they receive. IN state standards equipment, materials and structures, and vehicles include indicators of their energy efficiency. An important area is the certification of energy-consuming, energy-saving and diagnostic equipment, materials, structures, vehicles and, of course, energy resources. All this is based on a combination of interests of consumers, suppliers and producers of energy resources, as well as on the interest legal entities in the efficient use of energy resources. At the same time, even using the example of the middle Urals, 25-30 million tons of fuel equivalent (tce) are consumed annually in the region, and approximately 9 million tce are used irrationally. It turns out that it is mainly imported fuel and energy resources (FER) that are spent irrationally. At the same time, about 3 million tons of fuel equivalent. can be reduced through organizational measures. Most energy saving plans have this goal, but have not yet been able to achieve it.
Another example of the irrational use of mineral resources is the open-pit coal mine near Angren. In addition, at the previously developed deposits of non-ferrous metals Ingichka, Kuytash, Kalkamar, Kurgashin, losses during ore mining and enrichment reached 20-30%. At the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Plant several years ago, accompanying components such as molybdenum, mercury, and lead were not completely smelted from the processed ore. IN last years, thanks to the transition to the integrated development of mineral deposits, the degree of non-production losses has decreased significantly, but complete rationalization is still far away.
The government has approved a program aimed at stopping soil degradation, which causes annual economic damage of more than $200 million.
But for now the program is just being introduced Agriculture, and currently 56.4% of all agricultural land is affected by degradation processes of varying degrees. According to scientists, the processes of soil degradation have intensified in recent decades as a result of the irrational use of land resources, a decrease in the area of protective forest plantations, the destruction of anti-erosion hydraulic structures, and natural disasters. The program for irrigation and erosion control work is to be financed from extra-budgetary funds of interested ministries and departments, funds from the purchase and sale of public lands, from the collection of land tax, from the funds of business entities and the state budget. According to experts involved in agricultural support programs, the problem of soil degradation is getting worse every day, but the implementation state program more than problematic in conditions of financial deficit. The state will not be able to collect necessary funds, and economic entities in the agricultural sector do not have the funds to invest in soil protection measures.
Russia's forest resources account for one-fifth of the planet's forest resources. The total timber reserves in Russian forests are 80 billion cubic meters. meters. Environmentally safe development of the economy and society largely depends on the level of preservation and complete realization of the rich potential of biological resources. But forests in Russia constantly suffer from fires and damage from harmful insects and plant diseases, which is mainly a consequence of low technical equipment and limited funding civil service forest protection. The volume of reforestation work has been reduced in recent years and in a number of regions no longer meets forestry and environmental standards.
Also, with the transition to market relations The number of forest users has increased significantly, which in a number of places has led to an increase in violations of forestry and environmental legislation when using forests.
A fundamentally important property of biological resources is their ability to reproduce themselves. However, as a result of the ever-increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment and excessive exploitation, the raw material potential of biological resources is declining, and the populations of many species of plants and animals are degrading and are in danger of extinction. Therefore, in order to organize the rational use of biological resources, it is necessary, first of all, to ensure environmentally sound limits for their exploitation (withdrawal), which prevent depletion and loss of the ability of biological resources to reproduce themselves. In addition, prices for forest resources are extremely low in Russia, so forests are cut down and are not considered of great value. But by cutting down all the forest wealth, we risk losing huge amounts of money on purchasing wood from other countries, as well as destroying a natural air purifier. Fedorenko N. Towards assessing the efficiency of using Russia's national resources. // Economic Issues.-2005-No.8-p. 31-40.
Humanity has already for a long time satisfies its needs for food, warmth, and rest using natural resources. In some cases, our activities cause irreparable harm to the environment. Therefore, we must use natural resources rationally.
This will allow us to economically and justifiably consume the gifts that our planet gives us. Rational environmental management, examples of which will allow us to delve into this issue, requires detailed consideration.
Concept of environmental management
Before considering examples of rational and irrational environmental management, it is necessary to define this concept. There are two main interpretations.
The first definition considers environmental management as a system of reasonable consumption of resources, which allows reducing the rate of processing and allows nature to recover. This implies that a person does not infringe upon himself in the use of the gifts of the environment, but improves the technologies available to him for full use every natural resource.
The second definition states that environmental management is a theoretical discipline that considers ways to improve the rational use of available resources. This science is looking for ways to optimize this issue.
Resource classification
Rational environmental management, examples of which should be considered in more detail, requires thoughtful use of resources. It is necessary to understand what is meant by them. Natural resources are not created by man, but are used for his purposes.
These funds are classified according to different criteria. Depending on the direction of use, there are industrial, recreational, medicinal, scientific and other resources. There is also a division into renewable and non-renewable groups. The first category includes the energy of wind, sun, ocean water, etc. 
Natural resources are non-renewable. First of all, this should include oil, gas, coal and other fuel raw materials.
These approaches to grouping are conditional. After all, even the energy of the sun will one day be inaccessible to us. After a huge number of years, our star will still go out.
Types of natural resources
Existing natural resources are usually divided into several groups. They need to be considered in more detail. First of all in modern world widely used water resources. We consume them and use them for technical purposes. It is necessary to maintain the purity of these resources without disturbing the original habitats of underwater flora and fauna. 
The second important group is land resources. An example of rational environmental management is the plowing, for example, of natural landscapes for crops that, after their growth, do not deplete the soil.
Natural resources also include minerals, forests, flora and fauna. Energy resources are very important to us.
Signs of rationality
Considering today's human actions, for example, industrial production, agriculture, tourism, changes in natural landscapes, it is sometimes difficult to say unambiguously which of the above is an example of rational environmental management. After all, human activities affect our environment.
Rational environmental management is the most harmonious interaction between us and the world. This concept has several characteristic features. 
The use of the gifts of nature is rational if in the process of their activities a person uses new technologies, as well as intensive approaches to production. To achieve this, waste-free manufacturing techniques are being introduced. new products, and all technological processes are automated.
This approach to management is typical for developed countries of the world. They serve as an example for many other states.
Irrational environmental management
Examples of rational environmental management are found everywhere today. But there is also a reverse approach to farming. It is characterized by a mass of negative phenomena, representing a dangerous trend both for the producing country and the whole world.
Irrational use of environmental resources is characterized as unreasonable, predatory consumption. At the same time, people do not think about the consequences of their actions. An irrational approach also has its own characteristics. First of all, this includes an extensive approach to conducting business activities. At the same time, outdated technologies and production methods are used.
Such cycles are illogical and not fully thought through. The result is a lot of waste. Some of them harm the environment, human health, and even lead to the death of entire species of living beings.
Irrational environmental management is leading humanity into the abyss, an ecological crisis. This approach to management is typical for countries Latin America, Asia and Eastern Europe.
Basic examples
There are several main activities that can clearly be classified as one or another group of environmental resource use. An example of rational environmental management is the use of waste-free production technologies. For these purposes, closed or full cycle processing enterprises are created.
In this matter, it is important to constantly improve technology and approaches to manufacturing products. One of the main examples could also be the creation of protected areas, where measures are actively taken to protect and restore flora and fauna. 
Human activity is depriving many species of animals and plants of their habitats. Changes are sometimes so strong that it is almost impossible to reverse them. Another example of rational environmental management is the restoration of natural resource development sites and the creation of natural landscapes.
Generally Accepted Principles
Accepted in the world general system, according to which national principles of environmental management are recognized as appropriate. They must not cause irreparable damage to the environment. That's what it is main principle, putting the interests of nature above economic gain. 
Several principles have been developed that can be an example of rational environmental management. Is the draining of swamps, thoughtless deforestation, destruction rare species animals, according to these postulates, a real crime? Undoubtedly! People must learn to consume the minimum amount of resources.
Ways to improve the situation
Considering the rational management of natural resources, examples of which were given above, it should be said about real methods for its improvement. They are successfully used all over the world. First of all, enterprises conducting research in the field of increasing the comprehensiveness of natural resource development are financed.
Methods for the thoughtful placement of production facilities in each specific ecological zone are also being introduced. Production cycles are being changed to reduce waste as much as possible. Taking into account the characteristics of the region, the economic specialization of enterprises is determined and environmental protection measures are developed.
Also, taking into account the peculiarities of the environmental situation, monitoring and control of the consequences of one or another type of human activity is carried out. The global community is faced with the need to implement Newest technologies, carry out environmental protection measures to maintain environmental characteristics environments in which humanity can exist. After all, we are only a few steps away from the point of no return, when it will be impossible to restore the previous natural conditions.
Examples of the global community
A global example of rational environmental management is the organization of economic activities in New Zealand. This country has completely switched to inexhaustible energy sources and has established the priority value of protected areas.
It is a leader in eco-tourism. Forests in this country remain unchanged; their cutting down, as well as hunting, are strictly prohibited here. Many economically developed countries are also gradually switching to solar and wind energy. Each state undertakes, to the extent possible, to apply methods that increase the rationality of environmental management.
Having considered the rational management of natural resources, examples of which were presented above, one can understand its importance. The future of all humanity depends on our attitude towards the world around us. Scientists say that an environmental disaster is already close. The world community is obliged to take all measures to improve the organization of economic activities carried out by humans.
