A whole class of microcars, called an unusual word for us - quadricycle, has gained extraordinary popularity in Europe. In Russia, on the contrary, it is extremely difficult to find equipment of this kind. However, in 2013, ATVs were singled out as a separate category of vehicles. What is this miracle of technology and what is needed to control it?
Let's start with what a quadricycle is. Wikipedia says: according to the Russian classification, this is a four-wheeled motor vehicle with a maximum speed of at least 25 km / h, engine power no more than 20 horsepower, and weighing no more than 400 kg, intended for use on public roads. In other words, ATVs are four-wheeled motorcycles or mini-cars that require the same documents as a car or motorcycle. When purchasing such a transport, a Vehicle Passport (PTS) is attached.
Do you think you've never seen such a miracle of technology? You are wrong! It has been familiar to us since Soviet times. Remember the wheelchair of the Serpukhov Automobile Plant (for example, in the film "Operation Y" and other adventures of Shurik "). Ugly appearance, manual control, the absence of any hint of comfort (except perhaps a roof over your head). Some of you may remember this "misunderstanding" of Soviet engineering with a chirping motorcycle engine.
Meanwhile, in Europe, this four-wheeled vehicle looks more like a car. If in Russia a conventional frame is used as a body, then in Europe it is difficult to distinguish the body from the car body.
ATV vs ATV
Until 2013, a driver's license was not needed to drive an ATV in the same way as a moped. However, with the advent of many new subcategories, things have gotten more complicated. And the drivers began to get confused, for which type of transport you need a license, and for which you do not. The most widespread controversy was caused by the concepts of "ATV" and "ATV". Most either do not read these words as needed at all, perceiving it as one and the same concept, or consider it one and the same vehicle. Meanwhile, this is far from the case - ATV and ATV are completely different types of transport. We will learn to quickly and accurately distinguish one from the other.
Despite the similarity of names, there is a huge difference between an ATV and an ATV. An ATV is a motorcycle technique that has all the controls like a regular motorcycle.
The only difference is the presence of four wheels, as well as the limitation on their use on public roads. ATVs, like cross-country motorcycles, karts, etc., are pseudo-vehicles that do not require a driver's license to operate, therefore, driving on public roads is strictly prohibited. Either off-road or closed areas. ATVs are designed for off-road conditions, which means they are widespread among hunters and extreme sports enthusiasts. As a rule, the driver is seated in a special saddle, and the accelerator, clutch, and, accordingly, the brakes are controlled on the steering wheel. Also, it completely lacks a salon, and the number of seats does not exceed two, including the driver. The steering wheel of the ATV is also a motorcycle and is presented in the form of a tube, which the driver holds from both ends. To drive an ATV, an A1 certificate is required, that is, exactly the same ones that are required for driving a tractor. This happened because the ATV is considered an off-road self-propelled vehicle. Also, to obtain a license, you will need a medical certificate that allows you to drive tractors.
Externally, you can find some similarities between an ATV and an ATV, which is expressed in the same compact size and the presence of four wheels of a small radius. Otherwise, it is the exact opposite.
Landing at the wheel of an ATV is the same as for a car - these are seats located at right angles. In addition, there can be four or two such seats, which already implies some presence of a salon. Most species have a primitive roof, but no doors, making it easier to board a small ATV. The accelerator, clutch and braking system are controlled by pedals located in the lower part of the passenger compartment. Pressing them implies using the legs. In addition, the steering is the same as for a passenger car, and a steering wheel is required. Gear shifting is carried out with a special lever, the same as on the machine. There are also restrictions on driving on public roads for ATVs. This is due to their low speed of movement, as well as the lack of the necessary safety systems. However, they have found widespread use in organizations that have huge areas and require economical transport to move personnel. Small cars that ride from hole to hole on golf courses are also an example of an ATV.
Quadricycle license
According to the traffic rules, ATVs with a motorcycle landing or a motorcycle-type steering wheel weighing less than 400 kg (or less than 550 kg for cargo vehicles), the engine power of which does not exceed 20 horsepower, are equated to motorcycles, which means that to drive them you will need a license with the category "A".
If the mass has exceeded the specified norms, then the vehicle will be re-qualified to category "B1". It is affixed with an automatic machine when exchanging an old-style license with an open category "A" (only for vehicles with a motorcycle seat or a motorcycle-type steering wheel) and / or "B" (only for vehicles with an automobile steering type). In other cases, the category "B1" will have to study and take the exam additionally.
And the owners of light ATVs (with an engine capacity of no more than 50 "cubes") must have a license with a category "M" - a moped.
And was it worth it for the sake of a scanty amount of such transport to "fence a garden" and separate it from the rest? The issue is controversial. Perhaps the time for quadricycles in our country has not yet come ... We will wait and see.
Finally, it is worth recalling that, according to the current traffic rules, both ATVs and ATVs belong to power-driven vehicles. This means that according to clause 2.1 of the SDA, their drivers are obliged to have with them and submit for inspection to the traffic police the documents provided for by law, for the absence of which a fine is issued. And if the vehicle is not registered in accordance with the established procedure (with an engine volume of up to 50 cubic cm, this is not required), and the driver cannot confirm ownership of such equipment, then it must be detained and placed in an impound.
To drink or not to drink? Where and where not to ride your ATVs? We decided to deal with the peculiarities of the operation of ATVs on the roads of our country, so we took two types of these vehicles for a test drive at once.
In European cities, you can often find a lot of ATVs on the streets. They are used as a daily means of transportation instead of a motorcycle or scooter. Yes, it takes up a little more space on the road, but still remains nimble and fast, while parking is less problematic than with a car. But in our country this type of vehicle is still an expensive toy.
Structurally, ATVs are divided into two types - UTV (utility task vehicle) and ATV (all-terrain vehicle). The former are also called side-by-side. That is, in it the driver and passenger sit shoulder to shoulder. The latter have a classic motorcycle fit. And the legislation of our country divides these vehicles into ATVs and ATVs. Such is the verbal and literal passage of the lawmakers. One letter in the name - and such different destinies.
First, let's take a look at the CFMoto Z8 800 EFI. This is UTV or side-by-side by design and quad by law. The term "Quadricycle" in accordance with the decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated November 25, 2010 No. 611, four-wheeled motor vehicles were named, having control drives of an automobile type and a curb weight of no more than 550 kilograms. That is, an ATV is nothing more than a mini-car, with pedals, a steering wheel and a gear lever. To manage it, you need category "B" rights. Automotive-type steering means a steering wheel, "steering wheel". Well, since the ATV is allowed to dwell on public roads, they are equipped with all the necessary lighting devices, including direction indicators and seat belts.
If we talk about the purpose of CFMoto Z8, then it can be designated as a sports utility vehicle. It has an aggressive design and looks more like a buggy for an adrenaline rush than a workhorse. The dimensions of the body also hint that it will not fit the carcass of a wild boar, but the equipment.
Despite the fact that the driver and passenger are surrounded by a strong safety cage, a helmet is needed to operate this thing. If you put your head on the frame, nothing good will happen. I didn't have a helmet, so I just promised myself to be careful. In the meantime, got a job at the wheel. The steering wheel, pedals, chair - everything is like in a regular car, but ergonomics is a distant concept from UTV, although there is an adjustment of the steering wheel and driver's seat. I, with my height under 190 cm, fit right next to it. Fortunately, there are only two pedals. The seat belt is almost racing, four-point. Instead of a door - a protective mesh. Its main purpose is to prevent you from reflexively extending an arm or leg when toppling over. All controls are in a car manner, except that the "turn signals" are turned on with a two-armed button; there is a small glove compartment on the front panel, where the control panel for the built-in winch is stored. By the way, I didn't have to use it.
Under a small body behind the backs of the riders, there is an 800 "cube" engine with a solid 63 hp. Engine V-shaped, two-cylinder, water-cooled. I didn't have much time for a test drive, so I understood the peculiarities of the ATV on the go. The engine starts in a car manner by turning the ignition key. Quiet operation of the motor cannot be called. Behind his back, he rumbles so that when talking with a passenger, you need to strain your vocal cords.
The transmission control lever is located between the two seats. The positions of the lever are somewhat different from traditional automobile ones; you need to push it not towards yourself, but away from yourself. At first I was confused, but then I got used to it. Although the information content of the drive is not so great, it is difficult to blindly switch modes. Lever positions are standard - P, R, N, H, L. H mode corresponds to Automotive Drive. Well, here we go. We'll figure it out on the go.
The torque from the engine to the wheels is transmitted through a V-belt variator. From a place this almost buggy takes no worse than any other sports car. Official figures claim that CFMoto Z8 accelerates to 60 km / h in 3.2 seconds. And this is on the rear wheel drive and on a dirt road. The maximum speed is 100 km / h.
It really is primarily an adrenaline pump. Speed on a forest dirt road with holes and rifts - 60-80 km / h. Wow! The suspension of this all-terrain vehicle - like the Belarusian economy - suffers pits, failures, ups, falls, sharp turns. The motor roars, the transmission howls, the eyes shine. Thanks to the electric power steering - it is not difficult to control the ATV. Only in high-speed corners should you be careful. The wheels bite into the ground, almost do not slip, and the center of gravity is quite high, so there is always a risk of overturning.
To make this thing stop driving off-road, we still have to try, although it is possible. The ground clearance of the Z8 is 280 mm, the front and rear suspensions are independent, on double wishbones. By default, the ATV is rear-wheel drive, the front axle is connected rigidly by pressing a button on the front panel.
If necessary, you can lock the front differential and use a downshift. This arsenal is enough to climb the most inaccessible places. Steep hills, sand, mud - everything can be overcome if you drive wisely. If you are crazy, then there is a front winch. Well, we still don't forget about the risk of a coup. The quadricycle does not allow using the common technique - the transfer of the center of mass. This is the lot of ATVs.
So I smoothly move on to exploring the second type of ATV using the Polaris Sportsman 850 SP as an example. It can be said to be a classic ATV with a motorcycle fit and a motorcycle steering wheel.
In the Belarusian traffic rules, he received the term "ATV" or an off-road vehicle and it is not a type of vehicle that is permitted in road traffic. It does not need to be registered, and a driver's license is not required to operate the ATV, but remember that they cannot be used on public roads. A good question arises: "And why can the traffic policemen attract me if they stop me on an ATV on a public road?" Exit on the road by ATV will be qualified in accordance with Part 5 of Art. 18.12 of the Administrative Code: “Untimely registration or re-registration of a vehicle, or failure to submit it without a valid reason within the prescribed period for a state technical inspection, or driving a vehicle that has not been registered in the prescribed manner or has not passed a state technical inspection, - entails a warning or a fine in the amount of 1-3 b. v. In addition, repetition has been introduced for this offense, and for a repeated offense within a year, the offender will receive a fine of 2 to 5 bp. v."
In the head raised by the Soviet mentality, the question immediately arises - what if drunk in the woods backwards on an ATV? What will happen? It's simple. Although you do not need to register your vehicle, it is still a vehicle. And if you are caught in a field or in a forest drunk driving him, Article 18.16 of the Administrative Code comes into play, according to which “driving a vehicle by a person who is intoxicated or in a state caused by the use of narcotic drugs, psychotropic, toxic or other intoxicating substances , or the transfer of control of a vehicle to such a person, as well as refusal to undergo a check (examination) in accordance with the established procedure for determining the state of alcoholic intoxication or a condition caused by the consumption of narcotic drugs, psychotropic, toxic or other intoxicating substances - shall entail the imposition of a fine in the amount of fifteen to thirty-five base units with deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of three years. "
So, on public roads I am not allowed, but, driving along the asphalt road past the traffic police crew, I did not attract their attention. However, I did not try to be patient and turned into the forest at the first opportunity. Actually, all the charms of this type of vehicle are revealed there.
The Polaris Sportsman 850 SP is the ATV elite. Largely due to the special design. This model is notable for the presence of an electric power steering, which, in addition to its direct function, plays the role of a damper when driving over irregularities. As a result, the steering wheel does not break from the hands when passing, for example, sticking out tree roots. Honestly, I realized this fact after the trip. The transmission has three modes - rear-wheel drive, automatic four-wheel drive and four-wheel drive mode with engine braking on the descent.
Four-wheel drive works as follows: as soon as the rear wheels begin to slip, the system automatically locks all four wheels. If the rear wheels gain traction, the transmission goes into rear-wheel drive mode. Interesting and unusual. In principle, for a touring ATV, which Polaris Sportsman 850 SP is, it is convenient. Put the switch on 4WD and forget. Electronics in a difficult situation will do everything by itself. I tested it in a deep sandy ditch and was satisfied. And the truth is, you don't have to think about what kind of blocking to enable in this or that case. Not going? We include a downshift and four-wheel drive. If it doesn't go anyway, get off the ATV and push while pressing the gas. It is important not to stumble here.
There are two other interesting design features of the Polaris Sportsman 850 SP. The rear independent suspension uses an anti-roll bar, which is an extraordinary solution for such a technique. The 850 cc engine produces 78 hp. and has balance shafts. As a result, the motor runs virtually vibration-free. The contrast was especially strong after I sat down in the Polaris Sportsman 850 SP after idling my CFMoto Z8. The Polaris seems to be just a luxury limousine. And there is no need to talk about dynamics. There is no crazy spurt from a standstill, the ATV starts accelerating smoothly and gently, but very quickly. And at the same time, the noise from it is so small that you can communicate with the rear passenger only by slightly turning your head towards him.
Off-road tires are extremely unsafe on asphalt. Even at a low speed (about 60 km / h), the ATV starts to walk slightly along the trajectory, slide in turns. I don't want to go fast at all.
But off-road - just the opposite. The Polaris Sportsman 850 SP turned out to be a very soft and flexible device, even a girl can easily handle it. Typical such "tourist", on which you can withstand more than a dozen kilometers. You just need to remember that the tank here is 17 liters, and off-road an ATV with such a voluminous and powerful engine can easily consume 30 liters per 100 km. For the rear passenger, our configuration provided a comfortable seat with a backrest and handrails. It's funny, because most of the instructions for this type of ATV say that the passenger is better off. So that.
And of course, the Polaris Sportsman 850 SP still requires much more specific skills from the driver than side-by-side. The ability to transfer the center of mass through your own body is a key technique for an ATV.
And one of the most traumatic habits of an inexperienced rider is trying to stop a lateral rollover by placing your foot as a support. It usually does not end with anything other than a fracture. But it is extremely difficult to overcome the instinct in oneself, but only until the first break.
Well, let's continue the sad topic. Price. Polaris Sportsman 850 SP costs 954,000 Russian rubles (28,760 Belarusian rubles). The price of a well-equipped budget sedan. The Chinese CFMoto Z8 is a little cheaper - 810,000 Russian rubles (24,420 Belarusian rubles). It is a little cheaper than famous counterparts, but at the same time all sorts of useful things like a winch from Chinese equipment are included in the basic configuration.
We remember
CFMoto Z8 800 EFI
With strong shaking, it is difficult to see anything in the rear-view mirrors, but in the city they will come in handy 
The positions of the transmission selector differ from the usual "automobile" 
The multifunctional display "fades" in the sun, but otherwise it is very informative 
Rear suspension has 200mm travel 
The electric power steering motor is clearly visible on the steering shaft 
All-wheel drive modes are activated by buttons on the front panel and are equipped with "foolproof" Polaris Sportsmen 850 SP
In the rear suspension, you can see the stabilizer struts - an unusual solution for an ATV. 
All-wheel drive modes are activated by a button on the steering wheel 
The front "trunk" Polaris is very modest in terms of volume 
Narrow motor provides a comfortable fit for the driver 
Polaris weighs 350 kg, so additional human strength is applied in a difficult situation Thank you for the equipment provided by the official dealer of CFMOTO in Belarus CJSC "Elitavto".
Quadro cycles, quadricycles and tricycles. What are the differences?
Surely, you are already familiar with such a vehicle as ATV... It turns out that a regular driver's license is not suitable for driving it. And about which ones are suitable, you will learn a little. Also, let's talk about different types of ATVs and even mention snowmobiles.
But we will start our excursion with a new category of vehicles. "B1" - tricycles and quads. These names, in contrast to "ATVs", are still out of our ears and it is extremely difficult to find such vehicles on Russian roads.
In fact, many people believe that category "B1" allows you to drive a car with an automatic transmission. But no, this is a completely new, until recently unknown category of transport. Although, of course, everything is relative. It was just that the previously existing similar transport was attributed to other categories.
What is Quad and Tricycle?
Quadri cycles are four-wheeled motor vehicles (tricycles - three-wheeled), intended for use on the roads of the general network and subject to the traffic police in the general order.
Examples of a quadricycle can be the Soviet motorized car-stroller SZM-S3D "Invalidka" (on the left in the figure). Some of you may remember this "misunderstanding" of Soviet engineering with a chirping motorcycle engine.
Tricycles, (photo in the center), are very common in Asian countries as a three-wheeled cargo-passenger motorcycle transport (our analogue is a motor scooter "Ant").
But a three-wheeled motorcycle can be seen only in large cities and then, if you really try. It's just that we have such tricycles only among motorcycle aesthetes or among handy Kulibins.
By the way, large ATVs are often called the Road ATV, and in the West they are abbreviated as GG-Quad, also Moto Quad, Quad Bikes etc.
Any of you, if you wish, can easily acquire at least a tricycle ... A flurry of enthusiastic and curious looks on the road towards you is guaranteed!
An example of a commercially available tricycle is the Roadster Spider
Undoubtedly, modern three-wheeled vehicles look very impressive, but this miracle is worth ... almost like a full-fledged car. Also, according to one of the owners, unlike two-wheeled motorcycles, you will have to stay in traffic jams on such a device at least as often as on a car, while the comfort will be much less. Especially in inclement weather.
Roughly speaking, ATVs are either three- or four-wheeled motorcycles, or mini cars, which require the same documents as a car or motorcycle. When purchasing such a transport, a Vehicle Passport (PTS) is attached.
Example of a Vehicle Passport (PTS)
What category of rights is needed to drive an ATV and a tricycle?
From November 5, 2013, a new category appeared in the driver's license "B1" * - tricycles and quadricycles.
This is of course all true, but there are some important nuances in determining the category of driver's license required to operate such vehicles ...
Let's try to figure it out.
What is the difference between categories "M" - moped, "A" - moto and "B1" - tri-quads?
With an unloaded mass of such a vehicle. more than 400 kg, the driver must have a license with an open subcategory "B1".
And the owners of light tricycles and quads (with an engine capacity of no more than 50 cubic centimeters) must have a license with the category "M" ** or hold any other open category of driver's license.
__________
* - less than 550 kg for cargo transportation.
Those. tricycles and quads, depending on the required categories of rights to drive them, can be conditionally divided into:
"M"- light tricycles and quads (mopeds);
"A"- tricycles and quads, including those in the junior category "A1"
"IN 1"- heavy tricycles and quads (over 400kg);
And was it worth it for the sake of a scanty amount of such transport to "fence a garden" and separate it from the rest?
The issue is controversial. Perhaps the time for tricycles and quadricycles in our country has not yet come ... We will wait and see.
An example of the concept of an electric tricycle "Toyota-i-ROAD"
ATV & Snowmobile License
Quad Cycles are off-road four-wheeled motor vehicles (ATVs, snow and swamp vehicles) with a motorcycle seat and a motorcycle-type handlebar designed for off-road driving.
On some ATVs, the steering wheel and driving position are the same as in a car.
The main document of the ATV is Self-propelled vehicle (PSM) passport. Similar passports are also issued for tractors and other construction equipment, so the ATV can be safely called a mini-tractor.
Example of a Passport of a self-propelled vehicle.
It is necessary to register * ATVs (as well as ATVs, snow and swamp vehicles and even snowmobiles) with the Gostekhnadzor authorities and to operate them, you must have a tractor driver's license.
More precisely: certificate of a tractor driver-driver (tractor driver) category "A1"- off-road motor vehicles.
* - for registration of "ATV", the owner has no more than 10 days from the moment of its purchase; (- either before the expiration of the "Transit" registration marks). These registration periods apply to any and they are defined by 1 clause "Basic provisions for the admission of vehicles to operation ..."... By the way, it is also required to undergo an inspection of such vehicles.
How do I get my ATV (snowmobile) license?
A tractor driver's license for the A1 category can be obtained from the age of 16. To be admitted to the exam, you need to obtain a medical certificate with admission to drive tractors (self-propelled vehicles) and prepare for the qualifying exam, which is conducted by employees of the State Technical Supervision Authority.
Updated form of the Tractor Driver-Driver (Tractor Driver) Certificate.
The exam for obtaining the driver's license consists of theory and practice. The theory is accepted on tickets approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, and practice takes place in two stages on a closed site (tractor track).
The practical part of the exam can only be entered after successfully passing the theory. The passed theory exam is valid for 3 months. If this deadline is missed, then before admission to the practical part, it will be necessary to successfully pass the theory again.
On the first at the practical stage, it is necessary to complete the exercises:
- starting from a place on the rise;
- a U-turn with a limited width of the territory with a one-time switching on of the transmission;
- reversing the self-propelled vehicle into the box;
- aggregation of a self-propelled machine with a trailer (trailed machine);
- braking and stopping at various speeds, including an emergency stop;
Second the stage of the practical exam is taken on a special route in the conditions of the real functioning of the self-propelled vehicle.
Repeated exams are scheduled no earlier than 7 days later. But if you do not pass the practice 3 times in a row, then at the next (4th) attempt you will be required to receive documents on additional training.
An example of an ATV, which requires the driver's license "A1"
A day off, going out into the countryside, high spirits, active rest ... This series of phrases can be continued for a long time and with the expected associations of a pleasant pastime, but it will not be complete for a motorist without words: ATV, ATV.
These two words are similar to each other, and self-propelled chariots characterizing both modes of transport are almost the same. However, ATVs come with different characteristics! Moreover, for those who do not notice such a difference, a very specific violation can be imputed, like driving without a driver's license. And this is a big fine! So, in order to understand which ATVs can be driven and which are not allowed, with a driver's license of a certain category, we wrote our article.
How an ATV (motorized carriage) differs from an ATV (ATV or self-propelled vehicle)
The difference between words in one letter seems to lead to very noticeable changes. We will start with the fact that neither in the Federal Law "On Road Safety" or in any other technical document you will find a definition for an ATV, but the definition for an ATV is in GOST R 51815-2001 "Quadricycle" dated October 8, 2001.
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This standard applies to four-wheeled motor vehicles with a maximum design speed of at least 25 km / h, a maximum engine power of not more than 15 kW, an unladen weight of not more than 400 kg (550 kg for vehicles intended for the carriage of goods) without battery mass in the case of electric vehicles (hereinafter referred to as quadricycles) intended for operation on public roads, as well as their components and individual units. 3.1.1. Light quadricycle: Dry weight - less than 350 kg, excluding the weight of the batteries in case The term "stroller" is used as a backup for ATVs with 3.1.2. A quadricycle other than that defined in 3.1.1: |
We can say that quads are small cars. Moreover, if such a car has the characteristics of a LIGHT ATV (see above), then it can be driven with the rights of category A (if there is a motorcycle seat and steering wheel) or B (if it is not a motorcycle seat and steering wheel). This is stated in the Federal Law "On Road Safety" (Chapter IV, Article 25, paragraph 1):
while in clause 7 of the same article
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The Russian national driver's license, confirming the right to drive vehicles of category "A", also confirms the right to drive vehicles of subcategory A1 and subcategory "B1" with a motorcycle seat or steering wheel of a motorcycle type, category "B" - subcategory "B1" ( except for vehicles with a motorcycle seat or handlebars of a motorcycle type), category "C" - subcategories "C1", category "D" - subcategories "D1", category "CE" - subcategories "C1E", categories "DE" - subcategories "D1E" ". The Russian national driver's license, confirming the right to drive vehicles of any of the categories or subcategories listed in this article, confirms the right to drive category "M" vehicles. |
And then notice that there is a clarification regarding motorcycle landing and motorcycle-style handlebars. At the same time, category B allows landing only on a seat like in a car and with a classic round steering wheel. And for owners of category A rights, it can be a seat like on a motorcycle and a handlebar like on a motorcycle. There are two important conclusions here:
The most important thing here is not at all that there is this special type of steering wheel or seat, but that such ATVs are intended for use on public roads!
And the second thing, which is IMPORTANT, ATVs can be with a motorcycle fit and steering wheel like a motorcycle and with a normal seat and steering wheel like in a car. After all, the Federal Law says ... and subcategories "B1" with a motorcycle fit or a motorcycle-type steering wheel ..., and category B1 is tricycles and quads.
That is, if we talk about what an ATV and ATV are, then we can say that there is a ATV in the RF legislation, and an ATV is nothing more than a popular one. However, it is the ATVs that everyone knows, but the name is not entirely correct. If a quidric is not intended for public roads, then it is no longer an quad, but an ATV. It is these ATVs that are usually passed off as ATVs.
At the same time, such ATVs, or to put it correctly, ATVs, are provided with passports of self-propelled vehicles (PSM). Everything is written about this in the same GOST if you read it. And in order to drive a self-propelled machine, you must have a certificate of a tractor driver-driver (tractor driver). However, this is a completely different story, we will return to our quadricycles ...
Which ATVs (strollers) can be driven with category A and B
Motorcycles with a working volume of an internal combustion engine not exceeding 125 cubic centimeters and a maximum power not exceeding 11 kilowatts;
- tricycles and quadricycles (with motorcycle landing and motorcycle steering wheel);
Tricycles and quadricycles (without motorcycle fit and without motorcycle steering wheel);
- mopeds and light quads.
Again, we repeat that in most cases a quadricycle is a means of transportation on public roads. That is, there will be a bunch of standards regarding light, bumpers, brakes, etc. But the so-called ATVs - ATVs, are designed primarily for off-road driving.
As you know, since April 1, 2014, driving licenses have been introduced with many subcategories. In particular, it is category "M" for mopeds (scooters) and category "B1" for tricycles and quads.
The owners of the driving license with the category "B" can also drive vehicles of the category "B1". The media disseminated this news with an error, calling the ATVs ATVs, and then the owners of ATVs were delighted with what they read: finally, they cannot legally operate their ATV! But it was not there.
An ATV and an ATV are completely different (especially according to the documents!) Units! And units, different according to the documents, require different documents for management.
What is a quadricycle
A quadricycle is a four-wheeled vehicle intended for use on general roads, subject to registration with the traffic police. A document for an ATV is a vehicle passport (PTS). Simply put, this is a motorcycle with three (tricycle) or four (quadricycle) wheels.
GOST R 51815-2001: Quadricycles. General technical requirements
This standard applies to four-wheeled motor vehicles with a maximum design speed of at least 25 km / h, a maximum engine power of not more than 15 kW, an unladen weight of not more than 400 kg (550 kg for vehicles intended for the carriage of goods) without battery mass in the case of electric vehicles intended for use on public roads, as well as their components and individual units.
To manage such equipment, you need a license with a category "B1" or "B" (old). These rights are issued by the traffic police.
See what the reverse side of the new driver's license issued by the traffic police looks like. The B1 ATV icon has nothing to do with the ATV!
There are also light quads and tricycles (with an engine of less than 50 cubic meters), for driving such vehicles you need a license with the category "M" (mopeds).
What is an ATV
An ATV, unlike an ATV, is a four-wheeled motor vehicle that is not intended for driving on public roads, which has a motorcycle seat and a motorcycle-type handlebar (also called an ATV or a snow and swamp vehicle).
The collision here is that the word "ATV", which has become established in our country, is not entirely accurate, ATV (All-terrain vehicle) is correctly translated as "all-terrain vehicle". It is the ATVs that we drive.
GOST R 52008-2003. four-wheeled off-road motor vehicles.
General technical requirements. This standard applies to motorized off-road four-wheeled vehicles (hereinafter referred to as ATVs) with tires, the internal pressure of which is not more than 69 kPa (0.7 kgf / cm2), with a motorcycle seat and a motorcycle-type handlebar, designed to carry the movement of only one person. (driver) and off-road traffic.
The above ATVs are not subject to mandatory certification and belong to off-road motor vehicles, their registration (like ATVs, snow and swamp vehicles and snowmobiles) is carried out in the State Technical Supervision authorities, they are provided by the FCS authorities passports of self-propelled vehicles(PSM).
A document for an ATV (ATV) is a passport of a self-propelled vehicle (PSM). All-terrain vehicles are registered with the State Technical Supervision Authorities and to operate them, a tractor driver-driver's license (UTM) with a category "A1" is required. If your ATV comes with a PSM, which says "ATV" or "Snow and swamp vehicle" - you need a UTM for it, no "ordinary" driver's license "B1" gives the right to drive the ATV.
Short
If your vehicle has a PTS, you need a driver's license with a category "B1", which is issued by the traffic police.
If your vehicle has a PSM, you need a tractor driver's license with category "A1", which is issued by the GTN.
When studying at a driving school for category "A1", the exam is taken not by the traffic police inspector, but by the inspector of the State Technical Supervision.
