Influence of the computer on human health. The influence of computer games on the physical and mental health of a primary school student

Nikiforovoa Daria Sergeevna

Purpose of work: To investigate the impact of computer games on humans

Objectives of the work: To consider what computer games are, their types and subspecies, to study both the positive and negative effects of computer games on a person, to conduct a survey and study its results, to think about the nearest development of computer games, to sum up.

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Work of a student of 9 "A" class GBOU Gymnasium №1526

Nikiforova Daria Sergeevna

Head: Ivkina Elena Sergeevna

Goals and objectives of the work
Introduction
What are computer games, their classification, disclosure of concepts
The impact of computer games on humans

Gamers
Gambling addicts

Survey and its results
Possible future of computer games
Conclusion. Conclusions of the work

Purpose of work: To investigate the impact of computer games on humans

Introduction

I think in our time many of us play computer games. Someone plays for fun, someone for work, and there are also people who are trying to escape from real life into the illusory world created by a computer. Let's figure out what computer games are and their significance in our life.

What are computer games, their classifications, disclosure of concepts

To find out how games can affect a person, let's figure out what computer games are? Let's turn to Wikipedia.Computer game -computer programserving for the organization gameplay ( gameplay ), links with game partners, or herself acting as partner. Usually they are created on the basis of films or books (and vice versa). The components of computer games are the setting (place, time and conditions of action), gameplay (the game process itself), and music in computer games.

Having studied the Internet sources, I realized that there are a lot of classifications of computer games. Let's consider two of them: by genre and topic.

By genre, a computer game can be:

Adventure
Action *
RPG (role playing game)
Strategic **
Simulator ***
Others (puzzle, educational game, arcade, etc.)

* Action (or action) - a game mainly with scenes of battles, battles, etc. Subdivided into:

Shooters (or, more commonly, "shooters")
Fighting (fights)
Horror
Stealth (the main goal is to be undetected)

** Strategy is a game that involves managing such processes as building cities, doing business, commanding an army, etc.

*** Simulator - a simulator of real life (for example, an airplane driving simulator)

By topic, computer games are subdivided into:

Fantasy (a game based on mythological or fairy-tale motives)
Historical
Space
Post-apocalyptic (science fiction or disaster game)
Cyberpunk (a science fiction game with a gravitation towards the "near future")
Steampunk

The influence of computer games on humans.

Let's go directly to the topic of my project. As I said earlier, computer games are becoming popular these days. Certainly, even if society does not feel it, games affect their psyche. With the emergence of computer games, people appeared who were interested, playing and studying games. Let's turn to Wikipedia again and find out what they are called.

Gamers

A person who plays computer games and is interested in them. Perhaps the same term can be used to refer to people addicted to computer games.

Gamers are people who don't really depend on computer games. But there are others who are even too keen on them. They are called gamers. Gambling addiction is considered a psychological addiction. Sometimes addiction reaches astounding limits. For example, in 2005, in October, a Chinese girl died of starvation. She played without leaving the computer for several days. Her name was Snowly. After her death, a virtual funeral was organized in the game.

There are now treatment programs for gambling addiction. Students of this problem compare it with addictions such as alcoholism or drug addiction. Imagine how far this sometimes goes!

Playing is fun, but there are also side effects. Often computer games depict military actions or any kind of battles, as a result of which, after a long time spent in the game, aggression, anger, rage may appear. Sometimes it happens that the emotions felt in the game go out into the real world, which sometimes has a negative effect on human and social relations. Also, there are examples of how people who have a lot of problems at work or at school, who have experienced some kind of misfortune or psychological shock, escape from reality into the world of computer games, as I indicated earlier. This is one of the reasons for addiction. IN virtual reality you do not think about your problems, you solve the problems of the character given to you, which distracts from the world around. You immerse yourself in the game with your head and begin to forget about everything in the world. I think from this we can draw the following conclusion: playing is not so bad, but, as they say, everything is good, in moderation. Do not get too carried away with this. Scientists advise playing a maximum of 3-4 hours a day. Beat game records, but know how to stop in time.

But there are also positive aspects of computer games. Let's think about tutorials, simulations, and similar games. For example, as far as I am aware, computer simulators are used to train drivers or pilots, for training and some practice of doctors and representatives of other specialties. Also, games are used for early preschool education children, to develop their attention and thinking abilities, learning new skills. Such games can be puzzles, labyrinths and the same simulations of any kind of activity. In addition to all of the above, there are programs for creating something: for example, music, films / cartoons, other games, etc. Perhaps, under the influence of computer games, such music was created asdubstep, trance, etc.or, more simply, electronic music. (of course, it doesn't have to be). In addition to all of the above, having studied the vastness of the Internet, I learned about some programs that are beneficial to health. There are a number of computer games that treat strabismus. One of these games was namedDiplopia. The principle of operation is based on the manipulation of the contrast of the image, which allows a person to seem to re-learn to imagine the world with two eyes. Also, in Alabama, they created a controller that combines both the pleasure of the game and the physical activity. The controller itself is presented in the form of a treadmill with many buttons. The creators of the project hope that not only gamers, but also overweight people will pay attention to this device.

The survey and its results.

In order to visually study the influence of computer games on a person, I conducted a survey among students of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Gymnasium No. 1526 and my third-party friends who are fond of computer games. The survey involved n number of people. You can see the results of this survey on the slide, first in detail, and then systematized, in the form of a table. After conducting it, I came to the following conclusion: people play computer games quite often, which indicates that games are becoming popular. Also, according to the poll, we see that it is mainly young people aged 12 to 18 who play. This is probably why entertaining games are more popular than educational ones. Most of the respondents believe that computer games do not distract them from their educational or work activities and do not affect their consciousness. Whether they are right is difficult to judge. Computer games are a promising field, further development games and their impact on society may change. Whether positively or negatively, we do not know. As they say - time will tell.

Possible future of computer games.

As I indicated in the survey results, computer games are a promising area. You can argue for a long time about what future awaits them. Here, I gave free rein to my imagination. It seems to me that the popularization of computer games will reach its highest point. It is possible that separate castes of gamers and research centers for computer games will be created. Games will be used to create any material things, to do basic work, to read tutorials and manuals in their original form. Of course, this is my subjective opinion.

When talking about the future, we must not forget about the present. At this point in time, in some countries, computer games are recognized as one of the types of contemporary art and are called eSports. Also, research on games has begun and even an academic discipline has appeared dedicated to this topic -philosophy of video games.

Conclusion. Conclusions of the work.

To be honest, I have learned a lot about the world of computer games. I never thought that he was so diverse and multifaceted, I was amazed by the information I studied. As a result, I can say that I probably coped with the task: we examined what computer games are, their types and subspecies, studied the positive and negative aspects of the influence of computer games on a person, conducted a survey and studied its results, discussed the nearest development of computer games. games. Remember the main thing: do not abuse your time playing computer games, do not change your real life to a virtual one. You shouldn't run into computer reality, you need to solve problems here. Play, win, but within reason. Be mindful of the time frame and try to stick to games. Perhaps it will even be some way of organizing your time, establishing some control over your actions and yourself.

At school, in society and in families, discussions often arise about what is more in computer games: harm or benefit? Today, many children are passionate about computers and especially computer games: in the game they cease to be passive observers, and get the opportunity to actively influence the events of the virtual world.Unfortunately, parents do not quite understand that this problem is also their own fault. However, it is their duty to return to earth the child who has lost his way on the Web.

Many people like to play computer games, even children, from 4-5 years old and older. Boys love to play various "shooting games" containing murder scenes, blood, fights, accompanied by sound effects in the form of hysterical screams, screams, etc. Computer games block the process of positive personal development, makes the child immoral, callous, cruel and selfish.

Children begin to behave like this on the street, they have nightmares at night, they try to repeat the movements. This is a special degree of concentration on any object of the inner or outer world. In computer games, attention is focused on repetitive, stereotyped actions (runs - shoots) that take place on the screen. The feeling of real time is lost, the child is immersed in a kind of trance. If games are often used for a long time, the plots of which include only chases and murders, and people play the role of victims, then gradually information is laid and fixed at the unconscious level that it is possible to kill and not be punished for it. Such an unconscious attitude towards violence can drastically reduce the psychological barrier to such actions in real life.

There is a problem of "freezing" in the virtual world, when a child cannot tear himself away from the screen for several hours. At the same time, the child's interaction with people is limited, communication skills are lost, necessary for the child for normal mental and social development.

Long-term work in front of the monitor leads to overwork and even exhaustion of the nervous system. Therefore, it is imperative that sanitary standards. Special attention should be addressed to children with minimal organic lesions of the nervous system (associated with the pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth in the mother or infections in the child in the first months of life). Such children are inattentive, hyperactive, or, conversely, sluggish and lethargic. Them nervous system has an increased need for defensive reaction- trance. The processes of unconscious recording of information and the development of computer addiction are faster for them.

But apart from physical health children, it is important to think about their mental health.

Scientists have proven that in large doses, computer games lead to the accumulation of chronic stress with all the negative consequences for the child's body.
How do computer games ("toys") affect the mental development and personality of a child? Can they contribute to it emotional development, cause deviations in his behavior, aggression and cruelty? There are many commercial computer games of cognitive and developmental orientation. They broaden horizons and general awareness, develop logical thinking the child, the eye, the speed of reactions, form the child's skills to plan mental actions. But along with them, there are also many "toys" that are classified into "flying", "shooters", "action movies", "racing", "strategy". They also contribute to the development of individual abilities of the player, but at the same time negatively affect the psyche of the child. Despite this, most children love them much more than non-aggressive cognitive and developmental games. Still, playing, the child feels like a "cool" all-powerful superhero.

Almost all of these games have an age limit, which is indicated on the cover. But who takes this into account? And parents do not think about these questions at all. How can some kind of computer toy be harmful? It turns out that maybe, and even considerable. Psychological studies, in particular by domestic scientists, indicate that commercial computer games of Western production, which dominate the market today, bring up an aggressive individualistic morality in a child. Getting used to the role of the main character, controlling the hero or a weapon placed on the lower panel of the display, the child has the ability to deal with virtual victims without hindrance and with impunity. Often in such games, it is the number of "killed" and "wounded" that is a quantitative indicator of the level of a player's achievements: what more number victims, the more points the car will score, therefore, the more the child will be pleased with himself. All this very quickly affects his consciousness, then false attitudes are formed in him: "I am against everyone!", "The more I" kill "the better!" Many games promote violence, harsh speech.

Some researchers believe that playing aggressive "toys" gives a child the opportunity to free himself from negative emotions that are habitually suppressed, and to cultivate an aversion to violence and cruelty. However, it is not uncommon for children to play role-playing outdoor games with peers or in serious life situations imitate violence, examples of which they saw on television or "practiced" themselves during a computer game. As a rule, aggressive reactions are most pronounced in adolescents, but they are laid down and fixed in early childhood. Younger schoolchildren are already inclined to imitate the so-called antisocial heroes from film and television programs, video and television films, computer heroes, whose aggression, as a rule, is rewarded and presented in a winning light. Children tend not only to identify with individual victims or aggressors, but also to transfer these roles to real-life situations. In addition, a child may become insensitive to rudeness and cruelty after watching a lot of violent scenes. And finally, children, especially younger ones, may, based on what they see, begin to consider violence an acceptable model of behavior and even a way to solve their problems.

Scientists have found that computer games stimulate only a certain part of a child's brain, so children need to read, write and do more math. In addition, it is useful for children to play outside and communicate with other children as much as possible. Instead of “traditionally” playing sports such as football, the preference is given to the “FIFA” simulator. So there is a problem. Society does not pay due attention to this. And the computer continues to involve in the virtual world more and more and more people making them addicted.
How can you help a child to get out of "captivity"?
It is necessary to limit the time of working at the computer and playing on it, because a long stay in front of the monitor screen can negatively affect the physical well-being of the child. These are problems with vision, with the spine, hands, psyche and sleep, as well as information overload. Electromagnetic vibration and ionizing radiation even the most secure modern monitors - huge pressure on the eyesight and posture of the still developing child's body. Considering this, the sanitary and hygienic requirements are quite categorical: no more than 30 - 40 minutes a day for younger children school age and no more than an hour - for adolescents and young men.

In conclusion, we can say the following. Just as parents take care of the quality and sufficient amount of food for the child, they should take care of the quality and quantity of computer products consumed by the child, interest the child in educational and developmental games, avoid the use of low-quality games, and monitor the time that the child spends at the computer.

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF TVER REGION

STATE BUDGETARY PROFESSIONAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

"TVER INDUSTRIAL AND ECONOMIC COLLEGE"

TEST

COMPUTER GAMES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE HUMAN BODY

Completed: student of group 2-38 z.o.

K. V. Kuznetsov

Specialty: Commerce "by industry".

Checked by: Kireeva Natalya Ivanovna.

Introduction

1. Computer games

2.2 Computer and vision

2.3 Diseases associated with muscles and joints

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The game is an indispensable companion to the development of mankind. At the stage of archeoculture, games performed extremely important functions... They were used to socialize the younger generation, to prepare for a collective hunt, for training. But educational and training functions were not the main ones in the ancient game activity; the main field of the game is holidays, rituals, primitive art (dances, music, myths). All these activities are archaeo-cultural, creative and communication activities.

Neoculture emancipated the masses, the working people got leisure and, along with it, an increased demand for entertainment, games, and spectacles. In the XX century, the leisure industry developed, which occupied all communication channels and means: newspaper and magazine and book business, theater and cinema, radio broadcasting and television. The gaming essence of this industry is obvious: it does not produce material goods, but items of entertainment that fill people's leisure time.

Today's pace of computerization exceeds the pace of development of all other industries. Today, no medium-sized company can do without computers and computer networks, not to mention large companies... A modern person interacts with a computer all the time - at work, at home, in a car and even on an airplane. Computers are rapidly being introduced into human life, taking their place in our consciousness.

Along with the advent of computers, computer games appeared, which immediately found a lot of fans. From childhood, these games accompany the younger generation, causing, on the one hand, a slowdown in development and even atrophy of the musculoskeletal system and muscular muscles, and, on the other hand, rapidly developing the intellect, logical thinking and imagination of a person. The computer player gets used to moving from one virtual world to another, to quickly perceive unfamiliar situations and adapt to them. In a rapidly changing society of the 21st century, developed intellectual flexibility will ensure adaptation to new, unexpected realities. Thus, computer games perform the function of socializing young people in a post-industrial society.

The development and improvement of games is closely related to the development of computer software and technology. Nowadays, many of the components of computers are being developed, almost specifically for games. For example, expensive video cards, the cost of which reaches half the cost of a satisfactory computer for office work. All games are developed taking into account the latest innovations in computer technology, responding to all achievements and getting closer and closer to the reality of image and sound. Today, there are games that are striking in their believability with good graphics and sound design, almost completely imitating life. There is and is constantly emerging a huge number of companies that provide more and more games of an extremely diverse nature.

1. Computer games

The computer is as safe as any other household appliance. But, as with other household appliances, there are potential health risks associated with its use. Considering the impact of computers on health, we note several risk factors.

These include:

Problems related to electromagnetic radiation;

Vision problems;

Problems with muscles and joints;

Insomnia, stress, nervous disorders;

Respiratory problems.

In each of these cases, the degree of risk is directly proportional to the time spent in front of the computer and near it.

2. Influence of the computer on the human body

2.1 Influence electromagnetic radiation

Every device that generates or consumes electricity generates electromagnetic radiation. This radiation is concentrated around the device in the form of an electromagnetic field. Some appliances, such as a toaster or refrigerator, create very low levels electromagnetic radiation. Other devices (high voltage lines, microwave ovens, televisions, computer monitors) emit much higher levels of radiation. Electromagnetic radiation cannot be seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or touched, but it is nonetheless present everywhere.

As for the effect on the human body of electromagnetic radiation of lower frequencies - radiation of very low frequency and ultra-low frequency, generated by computers and other household electrical appliances, here scientists and consumer advocates have not yet come to a consensus. However, some works and studies in this area identify possible risk factors, for example, it is believed that electromagnetic radiation can cause disorders of the nervous system, decreased immunity, disorders of the cardiovascular system and abnormalities during pregnancy and, accordingly, a detrimental effect on the fetus. According to the Russian Center for Electromagnetic Safety, women working at the monitor from 2 to 6 hours a day experience functional disorders of the nervous system on average 4.6 times more often than in the control group. According to American scientists, women who work more than 20 hours a week at monitors in the first three months of pregnancy have 2 times more miscarriages than women employed in other jobs. According to Swedish researchers, female PC users have miscarriages 1.5 times more often, and the birth of children with congenital malformations development - 2.5 times more. Research in this area, verified in recent years, has only heightened anxiety and raised new unanswered questions. Like all devices that consume electricity, a computer emits electromagnetic radiation, and from household appliances, with a PC, only a microwave oven or a TV can be compared in the strength of this radiation, but we do not spend very much time in close proximity to them, and electromagnetic radiation has less impact with increasing distance from the source to the object. Thus, the computer is the most dangerous source of electromagnetic radiation.

2.2 Computer and vision

If the question of the influence of electromagnetic fields on health is still controversial, then the computer certainly affects vision negatively. In any case, when children or adults are busy with eye strain, their eyes get tired. This problem is well known to the car enthusiast, long time who is on the road, or any reader who does not look up from the book for hours. The muscles that control the eyes and focus them on a specific object simply get tired from overwork. There is potential eye fatigue with any work that involves vision, but it is greatest when you need to look at an object at close range. The problem is further aggravated if such activity involves the use of high-brightness devices such as a computer monitor.

Children are especially prone to eye fatigue because their eyes and the muscles that control them are not yet fully developed. Reading beyond measure, sitting in front of a TV or computer for an unlimited time require serious strain from young eyes. Most often, visual fatigue leads to the fact that children become lethargic and irritable. As every parent can attest, these consequences are not necessarily limited to computer work. When children overdo it in any activity, they often become irritable. If your child is more excited than usual, and there is no other obvious reason for this, then this may well be due to his long stay at the computer. Overuse of computer work can also exacerbate pre-existing vision problems. Many children suffer from mild visual impairment, which can be regarded as a "nuisance". Over time, vision correction will be needed here, but medical intervention may be avoided until adolescence or adulthood. But if children are so keen on the computer that they spend all their free time at the keyboard, then this "nuisance" can develop into something more that will require correction in early age... And some ophthalmologists have expressed concern that an overuse of computers at an early age could have a negative effect on the muscles that control the eyes, making it very difficult for a child to concentrate on a particular subject, especially in activities such as reading. If this happens, the problem of vision correction will have to be solved with the help of glasses. Fortunately, most of these problems can be easily avoided. If, despite these precautions, your child complains about headache If his eyes become sore and itchy, or if he suddenly has difficulty reading or doing other schoolwork, you need to show him to an ophthalmologist. Do not forget to mention that you have a computer at home, and tell how much time your child spends on it. The doctor may prescribe special exercises for the eyes or choose glasses for the child that are designed specifically for working at the average distance typical of a computer. In connection with the intensive work at the computer, humanity has developed new diseases that are even more dangerous, such as progressive astigmatism. Under the influence of radiation coming from the monitor, the graininess of the image and the non-flatness of the monitor screen, computer scientists observe irreversible changes in the cornea of the eye.As a result of these changes, the image begins to be focused by the optical system of the eye not into a round point, but into an oval. The visually patient observes a change in the shape of objects, unsharp edges, doubling of small images. This disease is not curable, since all current surgeries are correcting imperfections. optical system the eyes by affecting the cornea, while this disease affects the cornea. In this case, she will not be able to transfer the operation. In the end, this disease leads to blindness - the patient's images are completely defocused, and he sees objects as through fogged glass. computer organism disease

2.3 Diseases associated with muscles and joints

People who make a living working on computers greatest number health complaints are associated with muscle and joint diseases. Most often it is just neck numbness, shoulder and lower back pain, or tingling in the legs. But there are, however, more serious illness... Pain in the arms, especially in the hand right hand, caused by long work at the computer, acquired the name of tunnel syndrome or carpal tunnel syndrome, and also acquired the status of an occupational disease of computer scientists (programmers, machinists and people whose work is carried out mainly on a computer). Pain is caused by a pinched nerve in the carpal tunnel. Pinching can be caused by swelling of the tendons passing in close proximity to the nerve, as well as swelling of the nerve itself. The reason for a pinched nerve is a constant static load on the same muscles, which can be caused by a large number of repetitive movements (for example, when working with a mouse) or an uncomfortable position of the hands, while working with a keyboard, in which the wrist is in constant tension. All this can lead to a constant feeling of pain or discomfort in the hands, weakening and numbness of the hands, especially the palms. It is worth noting that pain in the hands can be caused not only by pinching of the carpal nerve, but also by damage to the spine (osteochondrosis, herniated intervertebral discs) in which the nerve that goes to the hands from spinal cord... The main diseases of the spine that develop as a result of a long stay at the computer are: osteochondrosis and curvature of the spine. If the possibility of developing a curvature of the spine is greater at an early age, then osteochondrosis is dangerous for people of all ages, it is also worth noting that the consequences of osteochondrosis are more dangerous than the consequences different types curvature of the spine. Curvature of the spine (scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis). One of the reasons for the development of curvature of the spine is not maintaining the correct posture, both while working at the table, and when walking, etc. Thus, a child who does not sit straight at a school desk or at a computer at home may well acquire a curvature of the spine. It should also be noted that the curvature of the spine not only makes a person unattractive, but can later lead to disruption of work. internal organs, which will subsequently affect his health and ability to work.

Children rarely have such problems; nevertheless, the most addicted of them do not spend as much time at the computer as adult professionals. However, it still makes sense to monitor the position of the child if he is too late at the computer. Be sure to make sure that the chair the child is sitting on is not too high or too low. (If the computer is used by family members of different heights, then you can purchase a special office chair, the seat height of which is easily adjustable). Make your child do not hunch over while working at the computer. If you get him into the habit of sitting upright and looking directly at the computer, he will most likely be able to avoid muscle and joint problems in the future.

2.4 Stress, insomnia, nervous disorders

In addition to the fact that long-term work at the computer negatively affects health, which already affects the psyche, it is also associated with constant irritation, the source of which can be different situations... Probably, there is no such person who has never frozen a computer, with the loss of unsaved information, had no problems with any programs, etc. Moreover, according to research results, stressful situations associated with a computer, and especially with the Internet, lead to an increase in the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Thus, we get either mental imbalance or alcoholism, or all together. Another important factor is the neuro-emotional stress in children. It is no secret that communication with a computer, especially with gaming programs, is accompanied by a strong nervous tension because it requires a quick response. A short-term concentration of nervous processes causes obvious fatigue in the child. Working at a computer, he experiences, a kind, emotional stress... Our studies have shown that even the very expectation of play is accompanied by a significant increase in the adrenal cortex hormones.

2.5 Respiratory diseases

Respiratory diseases that develop due to long-term work with a computer are mainly allergic in nature. This is due to the fact that during long-term operation of the computer, the case of the monitor and the board in system unit heat up and release harmful substances into the air, especially if the computer is new. In addition to the release of harmful substances, the computer creates an electrostatic field around itself, which attracts dust and, accordingly, it settles in your lungs, at the same time, a working computer deonizes environment, and reduces air humidity. Each of these factors adversely affects both the lungs and the entire body as a whole.

Conclusion

Any progress in science or technology, along with clearly expressed, of course, positive phenomena, inevitably entails negative aspects. The issues of computerization of society are now among the many factors affecting human health. That is why it is so important to assess the degree of influence of information technologies on human health.

Lately, you often hear about harmful effects computer as one of the means of modern information technology on the user's body. The degree of user safety with computer equipment is regulated by many different international standards, which from year to year are becoming stricter and stricter. Recent studies by scientists have shown that not so much computer equipment itself is a direct factor of negative impact on the human body, but its incorrect location, non-observance of elementary hygiene standards related to work and rest. Investigating the problem of the influence of a computer on human health, it becomes obvious that the means of modern information technologies, of course, affect the user's body and "communication" with a computer requires strict regulation of working hours and the development of sanitary and hygienic measures to reduce and prevent such influences.

It should be remembered that everything is fine in moderation, although a computer is a useful thing, but the harm of a computer can be more than good, so do not get carried away with it to the detriment of yourself and do not forget that your health, in any case, is more important!

Bibliography

1.http: //bibliofond.ru/view.aspx?id=42222

2. A. Zakirov, A. Kostenko "New technologies and health"

3. M. Ilyitskaya "My friend is my enemy"

4.http: //www.nivasposad.ru/school/homepages/all_kurs/konkurs2013/doklad

5.http: //www.bestreferat.ru/referat-205519.html

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Influence of the computer on the spine

How computer work affects the spine and surrounding muscles:

Fixed posture... This leads to a weakening of the muscular corset of the spine. Some muscles are turned off from work, while others are constantly tense, as a result, myofascial pain syndrome... Prolonged static loads lead to premature wear of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs.
Bent back... If the monitor is located too low, while working on the computer, a person is forced to constantly lean forward, arch his back with a "wheel". This increases the stress on the anterior edges of the intervertebral discs and can lead to them protrusions(protrusions beyond the vertebra), hernias.
A sedentary lifestyle and malnutrition... Many people who have to work at a computer for a long time stop monitoring their physical form and diet. This negatively affects the condition of the spine and all joints.

Poor posture and scoliosis- common problems caused by long-term work on the computer. Such people develop osteochondrosis earlier, the risks of developing intervertebral hernias are increased.

Often, the computer causes pain in the neck, back, lower back, shoulders, headaches. They may be related to myofascial syndrome- muscle tension, or with more serious pathologies. If you are concerned about back pain, you need to visit a doctor, find out the cause and, if necessary, start treatment.

Prevention measures for problems with the musculoskeletal system caused by prolonged work on the computer:

Use a dedicated office chair... It will help reduce stress on the spine and shoulder girdle.
Your feet should be on the floor, bent at a 90 ° angleC in the knee and hip joints. Don't cross your legs.
Keep your back straight. Adjust your office chair so that you can sit with your back straight.
Take breaks. After every hour of work, you need to get up and walk for 10 minutes.
Exercise. A sedentary lifestyle is harmful not only for the musculoskeletal system, but also for the cardiovascular system and internal organs. Set aside at least a little time each day for physical exercise... Try to walk more instead of driving or using public transport.

Influence of a computer on human health: rules for safe working at a computer - video

Computer Eye Syndrome (Computer Vision Syndrome)

Computer eye syndrome refers to problems with the organ of vision that are caused by frequent and prolonged use of a computer. It is not any one specific condition: the term computer eye syndrome refers to the entire spectrum of disorders, including dryness, pain, etc.

According to American statistics, from 50% to 90% of people who have to work with a computer for a long time experience some form of computer eye syndrome.

This condition is commonly viewed as the "occupational disease" of office workers. But computer vision syndrome is now quite common among children who like to play games on the computer or mobile devices... Eye strain is increased in poor lighting conditions and in an improperly positioned monitor.

Why does computer eye syndrome occur?

Features of the functioning of the eyes while working on a computer:

Vision must constantly focus on the screen, so movement eyeballs limited is an unnatural condition.
All pictures on the screen are constantly in the same plane. A person does not look from near objects to distant ones and vice versa. Therefore, the muscles responsible for changing the curvature of the lens and focusing vision are constantly in tension.
The computer screen itself emits light. And the human eye is used to perceive surrounding objects in reflected light. Especially heavy loads on the organ of vision are in the event that the monitor is set too high brightness.
During intense work on the computer, when you need to concentrate, a person "forgets" to blink. This leads to increased dryness of the eyeballs. Normally, a person blinks 15-25 times a minute, each time the eye is moistened with tear fluid.

While working on a computer, the eyes experience higher stress than when reading a book. Images on a computer screen are usually more contrasty, it flickers (although it is invisible to the naked eye, just like the blinking of a light bulb and a TV screen), gives glare.

Computer eye syndrome is more likely to develop in people with myopia, astigmatism.

With age, it becomes more difficult to work at a computer, as flexibility decreases lens- the natural lens of the eye. The eye's ability to focus on objects near and far is reduced. This condition usually begins after age 40 and is called presbyopia("Senile vision").

Manifestations of computer vision syndrome

At the moment, there is no evidence that computer eye syndrome can lead to any chronic diseases or serious complications. However, this condition is accompanied by discomfort, leads to unpleasant sensations, contributes to a deterioration in well-being and a decrease in working capacity.

Computer vision syndrome can manifest itself as the following symptoms:

Blurred vision ("fog in front of the eyes").
Dry, reddened eyes.
Double vision.
Headaches.
Irritation, itching of the eyes.
Neck and back pain.

If left unchecked, these symptoms will have an increasingly negative impact on productivity over time.

Computer Eye Syndrome Treatment

In most cases, some changes to the work environment are enough to manage and prevent computer vision syndrome:

Influence of the computer on human health. Computer vision syndrome: how to save eyes during long work at the monitor - video

The influence of a computer on human health: exercises for the eyes when working at a computer - video

Influence of the computer on the nervous system, thinking, cognitive skills, behavior

While working on a computer, a person strains his attention, is forced to process large amounts of information per unit of time. This contributes to a more rapid onset of fatigue.

However, research shows that computers can have beneficial effects on cognitive skills.

Computer and the risk of cognitive impairment

The cognitive functions of the human brain include the ability to learn, assimilate new information, remember it, transmit it to other people and use it. With age, deterioration occurs in this area. Severe cognitive impairment occurs when dementia(dementia), the most common form of which is Alzheimer's disease which occurs mainly in the elderly.

The likelihood of developing dementia depends on various factors. Scientists have long known that people who constantly maintain mental activity and solve various intellectual tasks are better protected from such disorders, often retain a clear mind until old age.

In March 2016, a study was conducted that showed that people who regularly use a computer at work have a 42% lower risk of cognitive decline with age.

Influence of computer games on behavior

The topic of aggressive behavior of adolescents and adults who are fond of computer games is not new. It is believed that aggression is provoked by violent scenes that a person sees on the screen. However, research results show that this is not the only problem. In 2014, scientists discovered that aggressive behavior can be largely due to the overly difficult passage of the game, the inability to master it.

Research data shows that gamers often behave aggressively when they cannot complete the game, even if it does not include scenes of violence and obscene language.

In August 2014, American scientists observed fifth graders in three US cities. It turned out that children who play more than 2 hours of games with scenes of cruelty have more severe symptoms depression compared to those who play less than 2 hours a day in games without violent scenes.

In November 2013, scientists from the United States, Italy and the Netherlands conducted a study involving 172 Italian high school students. The children were divided into two groups. Some played neutral computer games (pinball or golf), while others played more aggressive ones.

The first experiment consisted of putting a basket of chocolate in front of each child during the game and saying that he can take as many sweets as he wants, but this is unhealthy. Children who played more aggressive games ate more chocolate.

The children were then asked to take a logic test consisting of ten questions. For each correct answer, the child received a lottery ticket, which could be exchanged for prizes. At the end of the test, the student was told how many correct answers he gave, and was offered to take the corresponding number of lottery tickets from the envelope on his own. The researchers found that children who played aggressive games were eight times more likely to cheat the experimenters and take more tickets than they were supposed to.

Based on these results, it was concluded that addiction to aggressive, violent computer games lowers self-control.

But there is a positive point in computer games. A large study, completed in March 2016, found that a child's addiction to computer games has a positive impact on mental health, cognitive and social skills.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (carpal tunnel syndrome) - a disease that occurs due to compression of one of the nerves that innervate the hand, between the muscles and tendons. Different types monotonous work, during which a person is forced to constantly bend and unbend the arm in the wrist joint, including working on the keyboard, increase the risk of developing wrist canal syndrome.

Why do computer scientists develop carpal tunnel syndrome?

Median nerve- one of the nerves that provide sensitivity and movement of the hand - passes in a limited space, in the so-called carpal tunnel formed by connective tissue and wrist bones.

While working on the keyboard, the hands are constantly exposed to the following effects:

Constant, monotonous flexion and extension of the wrist joints.
The brushes are constantly in tension.
Vibration when you hit the keyboard with your fingers.

As a result, there is a constant trauma to the structures of the carpal tunnel. They develop inflammation and swelling. This leads to compression of the median nerve and the onset of characteristic symptoms.

Manifestations of carpal tunnel syndrome

With carpal tunnel syndrome, the symptoms mainly affect the large, index, medium, to a lesser extent - ring finger brushes. This corresponds to the zone of innervation of the median nerve.

At the onset of the disease, discomfort in the hand is disturbed: tingling, burning, numbness.
Pain is one of the main symptoms. It is dull, aching, can grab fingers, a hand, part of the forearm.
Feeling of numbness in the hands in the morning.
Muscle disorders develop gradually. It becomes difficult for a person to hold small objects with his fingers, they fall out of the hands. Difficulties arise in performing precise movements.
Since nerves regulate vascular function, vascular disorders can develop. Brushes may become pale or bluish, and often become colder.
Innervation disorder sweat glands leads to increased sweating or dry skin.
Violation of the innervation and blood supply to the skin and nails leads to a deterioration in their appearance.

How to keep your hands and wrist joints healthy while working on a computer?

Correct use of a computer mouse:

The palm should be positioned so that the bottom of the mouse is near the wrist.
Nameless and thumb should be slightly on the sides and slightly touch the lateral edges of the mouse.
Forefinger should lie easily on the left mouse button, the middle one on the right.
While moving the mouse, try not to make strong movements in the wrist joint - the whole arm should move freely behind the mouse.

Correct use of the keyboard:

The arms should be relaxed, bent at the elbows at an angle of 90 ° and lie freely on the table.
The toes should be slightly bent. The keyboard buttons should only be touched with the pads, applying short soft blows.
When typing, it is better to make movements not in the wrist joints, but with your fingers.
Avoid placing your palms on the table or keyboard.

If you have to work on a computer for a long time, you need to periodically take breaks and stretch your brushes. There are simple sets of exercises.

Influence of the computer on the cardiovascular system

The main factor that negatively affects the state of the heart and blood vessels with frequent and long work on the computer is a sedentary lifestyle.
Disorders that can develop:

Atherosclerosis, high blood pressure... Due to a sedentary lifestyle, especially if a person is addicted to fatty and sweet foods, excess body weight develops, and cholesterol begins to be deposited on the inner walls of blood vessels. Blood pressure rises. If you do not engage in the prevention and treatment of these problems for a long time, over time they can lead to serious conditions, such as heart attack, stroke.
Venous insufficiency, varicose veins in the legs... Gravity makes it difficult for blood to return from the vessels lower limbs to the heart. The situation is aggravated if a person has to stand or sit for a long time. Veins stretch, the valves in them cease to cope with their function normally, blood stagnation occurs. At first, it manifests itself in the form of pain, unpleasant sensations, feeling of tiredness in feet and legs. Swelling occurs on the legs. Symptoms usually begin in the late afternoon. When the veins are stretched strongly enough, they become visible under the skin in the form of blue twisted "worms".
Haemorrhoids... In fact, this is also a type of varicose veins. As a result of a sedentary lifestyle, blood stagnates in the veins that surround the rectum.
Stagnation of blood in the veins of the pelvis... It manifests itself in the form of pulling pains, discomfort, discomfort. This condition is not so harmless: it increases the risk inflammatory diseases organs genitourinary system in men and women, it can even cause infertility over time.

The influence of a computer on human health: constant work at a computer worsens appearance and spoils health, how to avoid it - video

Computer gambling addiction: addiction to games

Addiction to computer games is a type of psychological dependence... Some scientists put addiction to computer games on a par with drug addiction and alcoholism, consider it very dangerous. Such statements are controversial enough, but at least there is a drop of truth in them.

Why does addiction to computer games arise?

Effects drugs and alcohol in the body have been studied quite well. The same cannot be said for computer games. Something is known: for example, scientists know that during play, a large amount of a substance called dopamine.

However, according to researchers, there is more to gambling addiction than just biochemical processes in the nervous system. The game becomes for the addicted person a place where he can escape from everyday problems, where he feels comfortable. In real life, he can have many difficulties, but in the virtual world, everything is fine. A person tries to spend more time where he feels comfortable.

Not all computer games have the same addictive capacity. The most dangerous in this regard network games in the MMORPG genre - their main distinguishing feature is the possibility of interaction between a large number of players.

How is computer gambling addiction manifested?

Computer gambling addiction has the classic features inherent in any type of addiction:

Irresistible attraction to a substance or activity.
If you deprive a person of this substance or the opportunity to engage in this activity, he begins to feel bad, becomes irritable.

If a person plays computer games a lot, this does not mean that he suffers from gambling addiction. The question is, to what extent is he able to control his gaming activities?

"First bells" of gambling addiction, which should alert:

A constant increase in the amount of time a person spends in the game.
Constant thoughts and conversations about games during other activities and activities.
The desire to sit down at the computer and play every time you want to escape from anxiety and depression.
The addicted person seeks to hide that he spends a lot of time in the game, because of this, he lies to family and friends.
Irritation, anger, aggression when loved ones try to shorten the time of the game.

An addicted person drops out of society, becomes less sociable, abandons his previous hobbies.

Most often, adolescents and men under the age of 30 suffer from computer gambling addiction. They are usually smart and creative people, but they have no friends, low self-esteem, they experience problems in society.

What is a dangerous computer gambling addiction?

A painful addiction to computer games can ruin a person's life. A schoolchild who spends 4-5 hours a day in his favorite game has no time to do homework, engage in hobbies, sports, communicate with peers. As a result, you can get, for example, a 21-year-old guy whose psychological development is at the level of 12 years. He does not know how to communicate with people, he has no friends, he lacks many important skills and abilities necessary for an adult.

In adults, addiction to computer games can ruin careers and family relationships.

In 2011, a study was conducted, during which scientists showed that computer gambling addiction can lead to such consequences as depression, increased anxiety, social phobia(fear of performing public actions).

How to deal with gambling addiction?

Since schoolchildren often develop addiction to computer games, it is important for parents to notice the first signs of pathology in time. In order to understand whether a child's addiction to games is painful, it is worth keeping a notebook and writing in it:

How much time the child spends playing every day.
Problems in behavior, school performance and other areas that arise from play.
The child's reaction to the parents' attempts to limit the time spent in the game.

To combat gambling addiction, it is better to contact specialists who deal with these problems. In modern society, computers cannot be avoided. After all, for many people, they are an integral part of the profession. The gambler must learn to live with a computer, but without computer games. If the addiction is already there, you cannot simply reduce the playing time to an hour or less, just as a person suffering from alcoholism will never be able to “drink culturally”.

The influence of a computer on human health: how computer and gambling addiction (gambling addiction) manifests itself, its causes and methods of treatment, reviews of psychiatrists and psychologists - video

Which is better: a computer or a laptop?

In many modern homes and offices, desktop computers have been replaced by laptops. They are convenient, as they do not take up much space, they can be carried anywhere, and even taken with you on trips. But working on a laptop has some health disadvantages:

Inconvenient typing... The main disadvantage of a laptop compared to a computer is that the keyboard is attached to the screen and cannot be moved. This problem can be easily solved - you can buy a separate usb keyboard.
The screen is difficult to place at the desired level... It is always lower than needed due to its small size.
You have to sit hunched over... The low position of the screen is again to blame for this - while working with a laptop, a person has to lean forward more and arch his back in an arc. This leads to back, shoulder and neck pain, problems such as spondylosis and herniated discs.
Higher risk of developing computer vision syndrome... Due to the small size of the screen, the movements of the eyeballs are even more limited, the person blinks less often.
Increased risk of carpal tunnel syndrome... If you are typing on the native laptop keyboard, you have to rest your wrists on it. It is inconvenient and renders increased loads on the wrists, especially with small laptops.
A laptop is often used in awkward positions... If you are using your laptop as a "travel" computer, you can work with it lying down, sitting on your knees, in other not very natural positions. This can negatively affect the condition of the musculoskeletal system, nerves, blood vessels.

How to stay healthy if you work on a laptop? Helpful hints:

Use externalusb keyboard and mouse... This will make the work more comfortable and will reduce the stress on the back, neck, arms.
Use a dedicated laptop holder, which helps to raise it to the required height. If you do not have the opportunity to purchase such a holder, you can put something under the laptop.

“If you go beyond measure,
the most pleasant will become the most unpleasant. "
Democritus Abdera

At school, in society and in families, discussions often arise about what is more in computer games: harm or benefit? Today, many children are fascinated by computers and especially computer games: in the game they cease to be passive observers, and get the opportunity to actively influence the events of the virtual world. Unfortunately, parents do not quite understand that this problem is also their own fault. However, it is their duty to return to earth the child who has lost his way on the Web.

Long-term work in front of the monitor leads to overwork and even exhaustion of the nervous system. Therefore, sanitary standards must be observed. Particular attention should be paid to children with minimal organic lesions of the nervous system (associated with the pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth in the mother or infections in the child in the first months of life). Such children are inattentive, hyperactive, or, conversely, sluggish and lethargic. Their nervous system is experiencing an increased need for a protective response - trance. The processes of unconscious imprinting of information and the development of computer addiction are faster for them.
But besides the physical health of children, it is important to think about their mental health.

Scientists have proven that in large doses, computer games lead to the accumulation of chronic stress with all the negative consequences for the child's body.
How do computer games ("toys") affect the mental development and personality of a child? Can they contribute to his emotional development, cause deviations in his behavior, aggressiveness and cruelty? There are many commercial computer games of cognitive and developmental orientation. They broaden the horizons and general awareness, develop the child's logical thinking, eyes, speed of reactions, and form the child's skills to plan mental actions. But along with them, there are also many "toys" that are classified into "flying", "shooting", "action", "racing", "strategy". They also contribute to the development of individual abilities of the player, but at the same time negatively affect the psyche of the child. Despite this, most children love them much more than non-aggressive cognitive and developmental games. Still, playing, the child feels like a "cool" all-powerful superhero.

Almost all of these games have an age limit, which is indicated on the cover. But who takes this into account? And parents do not think about these questions at all. Can any computer toy be harmful? It turns out that maybe, and even considerable. Psychological studies, in particular by domestic scientists, indicate that commercial computer games of Western production, which dominate the market today, bring up an aggressively individualistic morality in a child. Getting used to the role of the main character, controlling the hero or a weapon placed on the lower panel of the display, the child has the opportunity to deal with virtual victims without hindrance and with impunity. Often in such games, it is the number of “killed” and “wounded” that is a quantitative indicator of the player's level of achievement: the greater the number of victims, the more points the machine will score, therefore, the more the child will be pleased with himself. All this very quickly affects his consciousness, then false attitudes are formed in him: "I am against everyone!", "The more I" kill "the better!" Many games promote violence, harsh speech.

Some researchers believe that playing aggressive "toys" gives a child the opportunity to free himself from negative emotions that are habitually suppressed, and to cultivate an aversion to violence and cruelty. However, children often imitate violence, examples of which they have seen on television, or "practiced" themselves during a computer game, during role-playing outdoor games with their peers or in serious life situations. As a rule, aggressive reactions are most pronounced in adolescents, but they are laid down and fixed in early childhood. Younger schoolchildren are already inclined to imitate the so-called antisocial heroes from film and television programs, video and television films, computer heroes, whose aggression, as a rule, is rewarded and presented in a winning light. Children tend not only to identify with individual victims or aggressors, but also to transfer these roles to real-life situations. In addition, a child may become insensitive to rudeness and cruelty after watching a lot of violent scenes. And finally, children, especially younger ones, may, based on what they see, begin to consider violence an acceptable model of behavior and even a way to solve their problems.

Scientists have found that computer games stimulate only a certain part of a child's brain, so children need to read, write and do more math. In addition, it is useful for children to play outside and communicate with other children as much as possible. Instead of “traditionally” playing sports such as football, the preference is given to the “FIFA” simulator. So there is a problem. Society does not pay due attention to this. And the computer continues to involve more and more people in the virtual world, making them addicted.
How can you help a child to get out of "captivity"?
It is necessary to limit the time of working at the computer and playing on it, because a long stay in front of the monitor screen can negatively affect the physical well-being of the child. These are problems with vision, with the spine, hands, psyche and sleep, as well as information overload. Electromagnetic vibration and ionizing radiation of even the most protected modern monitors are a great burden on the vision and posture of the still developing child's body. Considering this, the sanitary and hygienic requirements are quite categorical: no more than 30 - 40 minutes a day for children of primary school age and no more than an hour for adolescents and young men.

In conclusion, we can say the following. Just as parents care about the quality and sufficient amount of food for the child, they should take care of the quality and quantity of computer products consumed by the child, interest the child in educational and developmental games, prevent the use of low-quality games and monitor the time that the child spends at the computer.

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