One of the main tasks of the employer can be considered to provide a favorable microclimate in the workplace.

However, many employers do not comply with temperature requirements, thereby violating legal regulations.

What should be the temperature in the room according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation?

Navigating the article

Is the employer obligated to monitor the indoor temperature?

This question can be answered by Article 212, according to which the employer will be brought to administrative responsibility for the sanitary work not carried out on time.

The list of these measures also includes the observance of the temperature regime established by the Sanitary Norms and Rules (SanPiN), since too low or, on the contrary, high temperature can lead to a decrease in the energy level and, as a consequence, its performance.

Accordingly, if the employer refuses to fulfill this obligation, he is breaking the law and must be punished.

We can say that the employer is obliged to monitor the temperature during the entire working period.

Temperature regimes at different times of the year

The temperature in the room in summer according to the Labor Code should not be higher:

• 28 degrees Celsius for 8 hours of operation.
• 30 degrees Celsius for 5 hours of operation.
• 31 degrees Celsius for 3 hours of operation.
• 32 degrees Celsius for 2 hours of operation.
• 32.5 degrees Celsius for 1 hour of operation.

Working at temperatures exceeding 32.5 degrees is considered dangerous. The employer has a few ways to avoid the heat, namely: to install special equipment (air conditioners, fans) in the work premises or to reduce the number of working hours by a special order.

Indoor temperature in winter time according to the Labor Code, it should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius. If it does not meet the standards, the employer must install a heater in the work area or reduce the number of working hours. Labor Code sets the following time limits at low temperatures:

• no more than 7 hours of operation at 19 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 6 hours of operation at 18 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 5 hours of operation at 17 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 4 hours of operation at 16 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 3 hours of operation at 15 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 2 hours of operation at 14 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 1 hour of work at 13 degrees Celsius.

Labor regulations have established that working in temperatures below 13 degrees Celsius is dangerous.

Summarizing the above data, we can say that the temperature in the room in the summer should not exceed 28 degrees Celsius, and in the winter should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius.

What should an employee do if the employer does not comply with the temperature regime?

Salaried workers often face neglect from their employer. What to do in this case? There are several options:

• ask the employer to normalize the temperature using technology (air conditioner, heater)
• demand reduction of hours of work in accordance with the norms
• file a complaint with Rospotrebnadzor
• seek help from the labor inspectorate

With the latter two options, a special check will be carried out at the place of work, during which it will be established whether an offense has been committed.

As a result, we can say that the employee has several legal methods of influencing.

What is the penalty imposed on the employer for non-observance of the temperature regime?

In accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses, an employer who has violated sanitary standards will be fined up to 20 thousand rubles, or his activities will be suspended for a certain period.

For effective work employees in the office need to take good care of the arrangement of the premises in terms of ergonomic indicators. One of the most important criteria in this matter is compliance with a certain temperature regime. These criteria are established by law and the slightest deviation from the recommended standards is fraught with a drop in the level of productivity of workers. In this article, we will consider what the optimal indoor temperature should be, as well as what deviations can be considered acceptable depending on the season.

Why should the temperature in the office space be maintained?

Since temperature readings vary in different seasons of the year, it is necessary to closely monitor the office environment and adjust it if necessary. Proceeding from this, in the summer, an air conditioner must work in the working rooms, and in the cold season they must be warmed up at the proper level.

It doesn't matter what field of activity you work in. The requirements are the same for everyone: workers, both mental and physical, must coexist in a team in equally optimal conditions. It is also important to consider the fact that employees who most working time at the table, leading a sedentary lifestyle, they cannot take care of their own heating on their own, therefore it is extremely important for them to purchase additional equipment for heating the room, the temperature of which should also be optimal. The same applies to labor in production shops and premises, whose workers have a high activity coefficient, since, on the contrary, it is important for them to have devices for cooling the air.

Requirements for the arrangement of workspaces that you might not know about

Office employees, like any other employee, must carry out their work time in rooms with a temperature that corresponds to the data specified in the regulatory and sanitary document SanPiN 2.2. 4.548-96. This act was adopted on the basis of a law issued in 1999, which clearly controls and establishes the working conditions of employees, regardless of their sphere of work. That is why any manager, before hiring employees, should first of all create the necessary air temperature in the room and think over the procedure for arranging their workplaces. But it's not a secret for anyone that many bosses are in a hurry to take care only of their own convenience, purchasing heaters and air conditioners only for their offices, leaving the comfort of their subordinates unattended. This is a gross violation of the rights of people working for hire, and they, in turn, have every reason to complain to the appropriate sanitary services.

Below we will consider what temperature level, and what deviations from it, are permissible at the legislative level.

• 23-25 ​​degrees - optimal performance for the summer season;
• 22-24 degrees - the most suitable temperature in the working room for winter;
• 1-2 degrees - the permissible range of temperature fluctuations in the working room from the established norm;
• 3-4 degrees - possible fluctuations both up and down, during the working day.
• In addition, you also need to consider the level of humidity in the premises. It should be at least 40, but not more than 60 percent.

Permissible wind speed - from 0.1 m / s. up to 0.3 m / sec. This criterion is especially important when the air conditioner is running in the office. If you are working and an air conditioner is blowing on you, then this should not be considered a normal phenomenon, and you have the right to demand that the management improve the arrangement of your workplace.

Compliance with the requirements of sanitary services

It is safe to say that if the current requirements of the SanPiN only put forward recommendations for the improvement of working premises, then few leaders would begin to apply them in practice, alas, such are today's realities. That is why this act not only puts forward recommendations for the air temperature in the workplace, but clearly establishes the limits of permissible values.

An employee must stay at the desk for no more than 8 hours, only on the condition that the room is not higher than 28 degrees and not lower than 20 degrees Celsius. If these indicators are not met, working hours should be reduced by an hour with each degree, taking into account the following data for example:

• 19 or 29 degrees - 7 hours working day;
• 18 or 30 degrees - 6 hours of work, etc. descending.

If suddenly you notice that your working conditions at the workplace are grossly violated, then you have every right to refuse to fulfill your job responsibilities and go home without thinking about possible consequences... But do not think that the norms of sanitary services were created only for the convenience of workers. More than once there were cases when unscrupulous employees, using this, tried to find excuses to explain their absenteeism. But since school days, we all know that convection currents in the form of warm air can go up, but cold ones, on the contrary, go down, and if desired, anyone who wants to can fake measurements using an ultrasensitive thermometer. But the data of such measurements cannot be officially taken into consideration, because, according to the document of the sanitary service, the temperature sensor must be located one meter from the floor.

What is the risk of non-compliance with the rules and regulations?

Many employers are sure that it is not at all necessary to take care of the arrangement of the workplaces of their employees, and even more so to create an optimal microclimate. The misconception of management that if any of the employees decides to express dissatisfaction with the working conditions, citing non-observance of their own rights, then his objections can simply be ignored. Never forget that employees are a full-fledged work force, which is endowed not only with labor duties, but also with the corresponding rights.

Trust that the right to work at the optimal indoor temperature is just as important as, for example, the right to regular pay. Today some directors issue ultimatums of the type: “If something does not suit you, then no one keeps you, quit. If you don't want to lose your job, work. " It is worth noting that it is important for managers to constantly support their employees in a state of fear and fear of losing their jobs, but in terms of working conditions, current legislation fully supports both the side of the owner of a private company / head of a state organization and the side of hired employees.

Article 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation stipulates the following: Any employer must take care of creating working conditions at the workplace that meet the standards and requirements of sanitary documentation to ensure the productivity of employees. Thus, if the temperature regime is neglected at your workplace and the management refuses to change something, then you have the right to refuse to perform your own duties until the moment the optimal microclimate is created. In addition, it is worth noting that today the law establishes that the temperature in the living quarters of apartment buildings must also correspond to the data indicated by the sanitary-epidemiological and housing services of Russia.

If your application is constantly ignored or not taken into account, you can write a complaint to the state sanitary and epidemiological service, which will send an unscheduled check to your place of work. If in its course a violation is revealed and recorded, your employer will be obliged to pay a fine in the amount specified by law. In the event that this does not bring the desired result and the refusal to comply with the rules and regulations is found again, the activities of the enterprise will be suspended for up to 3 calendar months to clarify the circumstances and correct the situation.

That is why advice to all employers - do not try to ignore the established norms regarding the temperature in the room, because this can be fraught not only with a drop in the level of productivity of your employees, but also with protracted proceedings, monetary losses and other unpleasant phenomena provided for by the current laws regarding this issue. We have just sorted out what temperature should be maintained in the office premises and what responsibility is provided for those managers who are in no hurry to think about the convenience of employees. If you suspect that your rights are being violated, do not try to come to terms with this fact, but fight for your rights.

Optimal performance of the microclimate in the workplace is a guarantee of high productivity and health of personnel. Creation of favorable conditions for the performance of duties by employees is undoubtedly beneficial to employers. However, not all managers strive to follow the prescriptions of sanitary and hygienic standards. There are various explanations for this. On the one hand, the temperature regime must be regulated by expensive equipment, on the other hand, the concept of a favorable microclimate is considered by many to be subjective. For example, there are situations when one part of the team is cold, and the other, on the contrary, complains about excessive high fever... At the same time, the legislation provides for clear indicators of the microclimate in working rooms, which are optimal for ensuring working conditions. These standards provide for different indicators depending on the category of the working space.

Requirements for premises of the first category

To begin with, it is worth noting that the first two categories provide for the division into subgroups "a" and "b". The differences in them are due to the nature of the actions performed. For example, group "a" - these are objects on which work is carried out in a sitting position and is associated with minor loads. The subcategory "a" includes premises in which the intensity of energy consumption is assumed to be no more than 139 watts. In particular, it can be enterprises of instrument and automobile manufacturing, sewing and watchmaking. V this case the optimal temperature regime is 21-28 ° С. The indicators that should be adhered to in the regulation of the microclimate in the premises of the subcategory "b" are slightly different. The intensity of energy consumption in this case can reach 174 W, and the lower limit of the temperature regime is 20 ° C.

Requirements for premises of the second category

This group is distinguished not only by a higher intensity of energy consumption (232 W), but also by the very nature of performing work actions. Already subgroup "a" suggests that employees move or move small loads (up to 1 kg) in a sitting or standing position. The range of the permissible temperature index for this category is 18-27 ° C. If the work of an employee is associated with the movement of weights (up to 10 kg), and the intensity of energy consumption reaches 290 W, then we are talking about group "b" and the lower limit will be lowered to 16 ° C. As a rule, the temperature regime of the air in such ranges is set at forging, mechanized, thermal and rolling enterprises. The work may include the maintenance of assembly shops, conveyors and production lines.

Requirements for rooms of the third category

If the intensity of energy consumption exceeds the level of 290 W, then the third category should be considered. These are the most demanding in terms of setting the parameters of the microclimate of the room. Employees at such enterprises make great physical efforts, walk and move loads over 10 kg. The favorable temperature regime relative to the premises of this group varies from 15 to 26 ° С. These are usually workshops and production workshops in which workers perform manual operations... This can be metal processing, preparation of building structures, assembly operations, etc.

Seasonality factor

General indicators of the optimal temperature for different categories of industrial premises can be adjusted seasonally. Typically the deviation is 3-4 ° C. When calculating this difference, the average daily temperature is taken into account. For example, in summer it is 10 ° C and above, and in winter, on the contrary, 10 ° C and below. Of course, many factors determine which temperature regime will be optimal for a particular workplace, and adherence to standards does not always contribute to comfort. Therefore, you should also be guided by individual characteristics the employee's body, taking into account its functionality.

Accounting for temperature indicators

Meeting the requirements for establishing an optimal microclimate at workplaces is impossible without measuring devices. Moreover, traditional thermometers are not suitable for this. At a minimum, you need similar devices designed for use in offices and factories. In addition, it is necessary to be guided by special approaches to the determination of values. For example, in the warm season, taking into account the temperature regime involves measuring on days when there is a deviation from the thermometer reading from the same data of the hottest month by less than 5 ° C.

The frequency of such measurements depends on several factors, including the stability of work processes and the characteristics of sanitation. When choosing the time and sites for measurements, one should also focus on the stages of technological processes, the operation of ventilation and heating systems, etc. Usually, such activities are carried out at least three times per shift.

How is the temperature controlled?

First of all, enterprises must fulfill necessary measures for thermal insulation, heating and ventilation. Control and observance of the temperature regime also provide for means of air cooling. For this, air conditioners and air shower systems are installed. The presence of such equipment allows you to regulate the volume of air injection, its speed and, in general, the format of work.

If the installation of such systems is impossible for technical reasons, then the manager must organize comfortable conditions for rest in a separate room. In some industries, it is mandatory to provide drinking water. Especially in hot weather, employees should consume at least 3 liters of fluid per day.

Alternative ways to comply with regulations

The impossibility of fulfilling the conditions for ensuring a comfortable microclimate is quite common. One of the ways out of this situation may be the already mentioned recreation room, but such premises may not be organized at all enterprises. It is possible to bring the temperature regime at the workplace to optimal values ​​by reducing the duration of work shifts. The more hours a person works, the stricter the requirements for the microclimate.

Thus, it is possible to vary the time intervals for shifts, thereby meeting regulatory requirements. In addition, the implementation of regulated breaks is practiced, which allow employees to leave their workplaces for a certain time. If possible, it is worth organizing a differentiated scheme for organizing work processes, in which workers can change places.

What is the threat of non-observance of the temperature regime?

Complaints from employees of enterprises on this issue are no longer uncommon. But before that, it is necessary to notify the authorities in writing that the requirements of sanitary standards are not observed and appropriate measures must be taken. If, in response to this request, no reaction follows and the temperature regime remains the same, then the employee has the right to demand compensation for the harm caused. In addition, administrative punishment may follow for the head. Today, fines for non-compliance with the rules of microclimate regulation are quite high and reach tens of thousands of rubles. Also, as a punishment, a ban on the operation of the enterprise for up to three months can be imposed.

Conclusion

Ensuring comfortable working conditions is especially important, since the activities of employees of various enterprises in themselves are associated with certain loads. At the same time, one should not think that the situation is facilitated when it comes to office workers. Physical exercise give some tone to the body, so the temperature regime is not so noticeable. However, sedentary and monotonous work associated with high responsibility requires serious psychological stress. In conditions of heat, against this background, cardiovascular diseases... Therefore, the issue of ensuring an optimal microclimate involves not only creating comfort, but also directly aims to exclude harmful effects on the health of working personnel. Also, do not forget about the benefits for the companies and organizations themselves, the effectiveness of which is directly related to the functionality of their employees.

To be productive, the office must maintain a favorable microclimate, but many employers do not meet the temperature requirements. This is a direct violation of the norms of Russian law. From this article, you will find out the temperature standards for office premises. We will also tell you in detail where to go if the workplace gets too hot or cold.

What document regulates room temperature standards

The temperature in the premises is regulated by SanPiN 2.2. 4.548-96, approved by the law "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population" of 1999. The requirements of this regulatory document apply to offices, regardless of the profile and scale of the organization. The heads of organizations are responsible for maintaining the temperature regime. More details about the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions can be found in the article.

Permissible norms in summer and winter periods, deviations and fluctuations

The optimal temperature at the workplace according to SanPiN for knowledge workers employed 8 hours a day:

• + 23-25 ​​° С - in summer;
• + 22-24 ° С - during the cold season.

The maximum permissible deviation from the norm is 1-2 ° C. During the entire working day, temperature fluctuations should not exceed 3-4 ° C.

When using a sensitive thermometer, even in a small room, the temperature measurement results may differ by 3-4 degrees. This is due to the fact that warm air rises up and cold air goes down. Therefore, the law requires that the thermometer be hung at a height of 1 m from the floor. In this case, the temperature will be measured correctly.

How to organize a working day if the temperature in the office deviates from the norm, see this video

What happens when temperature standards are not observed

Interesting fact

According to research by Cornell University professor Alan Hage, at an optimal office temperature of 25 degrees, employees practically do not get distracted from their duties and make a minimum number of mistakes (up to 10%). When the temperature drops to just 20 degrees, productivity drops by half, and workers make about 25% of mistakes. In more unfavorable conditions labor productivity declines even more.

If the temperature in the office deviates from the norm, employees have the right to demand a reduction in the duration of the working day. Employees are required to work all 8 hours only until the room is not more than + 28 ° С. When the temperature rises by 1 degree Celsius, the management is obliged to reduce the duration of the working day by 1 hour:

• at + 29 ° С the working day is 7 hours;
• at + 30 ° С - 6 hours;
• at + 31 ° С - 5 hours, etc.

At + 35 ° С, the employee has the right to work only for 1 hour, and at + 36 ° С, the work is completely canceled.

The same rules apply when the temperature drops below the established norm:

• at + 19 ° С the working day is 7 hours;
• at + 18 ° С - 6 hours;
• at + 17 ° С - 5 hours, etc.

If the office is + 13 ° С, the working day is reduced to 1 hour, and at + 12 ° С the employee is not obliged to work at all.

What to do and where to contact an employee in case of violations

Additionally

If the employer does not respond to requests from employees to normalize the temperature regime in the office or to shorten the working day, then they have the right to contact the Federal Service for Labor and Employment. This can be done in in electronic format on the Rostrud website, in the section "Send an appeal", or apply personally (information can be found in the section "Public reception").

If temperature norms in the work area are not respected, employees can solve the problem in several ways:

1. Ask the employer to normalize the temperature with an air conditioner or heater.
2. Demand to reduce the length of the working day, in accordance with the norms of SanPiN.
3. File a complaint with Rospotrebnadzor (find out how and where to complain about the employer).
4. Contact the labor inspectorate.

By choosing the last two options, the workplace will be organized. Employees of the department to which the complaint was filed will establish the fact of the offense and oblige the employer to eliminate it.

What administrative measures are provided for the employer for non-observance of the temperature regime

An employer, through whose fault the office does not comply with the temperature regime, is subject to administrative liability. If the SES specialists record such a violation, the management of the enterprise will be obliged to pay a fine of up to 20,000 rubles. It is also allowed to suspend the activities of the organization for a certain period.

Still have questions? Ask them in the comments to the article

State system of sanitary and epidemiological
rationing Russian Federation

Federal Sanitary Rules, Regulations and Hygiene
standards

2.2.4. PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
industrial premises

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

Ministry of Health of Russia

Moscow 1997

1 ... Developed by: Research Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (Afanasyeva R.F., Repin G.N., Mikhailova N.S., Bessonova N.A., Burmistrova O.V., Losik T.K.); Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene. F.F. Erisman (Ustyushin B.V.); with the participation of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Sinitsina E.V., Chashchin V.P.); State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia (Lytkin B.G., Kucherenko A.I.).

2 ... Approved and put into effect by the Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 1, 1996, No. 21.

3 ... Introduced to replace the "Sanitary Standards for the Microclimate of Industrial Premises" approved by the USSR Ministry of Health of 03/31/86, No. 4088-86.

Law of the RSFSR "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population"

“Sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards (hereinafter - sanitary rules) are normative acts that establish the criteria for the safety and (or) harmlessness of the factors of the human environment and the requirements for ensuring favorable conditions for his life.

Sanitary rules are mandatory for everyone government bodies and public associations, enterprises and other business entities, organizations and institutions, regardless of their subordination and forms of ownership, officials and citizens ”(Article 3).

“A sanitary offense is an illegal, guilty (intentional or reckless) act (action or inaction) that infringes upon the rights of citizens and the interests of society, associated with non-compliance with the sanitary legislation of the RSFSR, including the current sanitary rules¼

Officials and citizens of the RSFSR who have committed a sanitary offense may be brought to disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability ”(Article 27).

APPROVED BY

Date of introduction: from the moment of approval

2.2.4 ... PHYSICAL FACTORS
PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT

Hygienic requirements for microclimate
industrial premises

Hygienic requirements to occupational microclimate

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96

1. General provisions and scope

1.1 ... These Sanitary Rules and Regulations (hereinafter referred to as the Sanitary Rules) are intended to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate of workplaces, industrial premises on well-being, functional state, performance and human health.

1.2 ... These Sanitary Rules apply to the microclimate indicators at workplaces of all types of industrial premises and are mandatory for all enterprises and organizations. References to the obligation to comply with the requirements of these sanitary rules should be included in the regulatory and technical documents: standards, building codes and regulations, technical conditions and other regulatory and technical documents governing the operational characteristics of production facilities, technological, engineering and sanitary equipment, providing hygienic microclimate standards.

1.3 ... In accordance with Articles 9 and 34 of the Law of the RSFSR "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population", organizations must carry out production control over compliance with the requirements of the Sanitary Rules and the implementation of preventive measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of diseases in workers in production facilities, as well as control over the observance of working conditions and rest and the implementation of measures of collective and individual protection of workers from the adverse effects of the microclimate.

1.4 ... The heads of enterprises, organizations and institutions, regardless of the form of ownership and subordination, in order to ensure production control, are obliged to bring workplaces in accordance with the requirements for the microclimate provided for by these Sanitary Rules.

1.5 ... State sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control over the implementation of these Sanitary Rules is carried out by the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation, and departmental sanitary and epidemiological supervision and control - by the bodies and institutions of the sanitary and epidemiological profile of the relevant ministries and departments.

1.6 ... State sanitary and epidemiological supervision over the construction of new and reconstruction of existing industrial premises is carried out at the stages of project development and commissioning of facilities, taking into account the nature of the technological process and the compliance of engineering and sanitary equipment with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules and Building Norms and Rules "Heating, ventilation and conditioning".

1.7 ... Design documentation for the construction and reconstruction of industrial premises must be agreed with the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Russia.

1.8 ... Commissioning of production facilities in order to assess the compliance of the hygienic parameters of the microclimate with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules must be carried out with the obligatory participation of representatives of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Russian Federation.

2. Normative references

2.1 ... Law of the RSFSR "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population."

2.2 ... The Regulation on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulation on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standardization, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 5, 1994, No. 625.

2.3 ... Guidelines "General requirements for the construction, presentation and execution of sanitary-hygienic and epidemiological normative and methodological documents" dated February 9, 1994 R 1.1.004-94.

3. Terms and definitions

3.1 . Manufacturing premises- confined spaces in specially designed buildings and structures, in which the labor activity of people is constantly (in shifts) or periodically (during the working day).

3.2 . Working a place- a section of the room on which during work shift or part of it is engaged in labor activity. A workplace can be several sections of a production facility. If these areas are located throughout the room, then the entire area of ​​the room is considered a workplace.

3.3 . Cold period of the year - the period of the year, characterized by an average daily outdoor temperature equal to +10 ° C and below.

3.4 . Warm period of the year- the period of the year, characterized by an average daily outside air temperature above +10 ° С.

3. 5 . Average daily temperature outdoor air - average value outdoor temperature measured at certain hours of the day at regular intervals. It is received according to the data of the meteorological service.

3.6 . Demarcation works on categories is carried out on the basis of the intensity of the total energy consumption of the body in kcal / h (W). Characteristics of certain categories of work ( I a, Ib, II a, II b, III ) is presented in the appendix .

3.7 Wednesday (TNS) is the combined effect of microclimate parameters on the human body (temperature, humidity, air velocity, thermal irradiation), expressed as a single-digit indicator in ° C.

4. General requirements and indicators of the microclimate

4.1 ... Sanitary rules establish hygienic requirements for the microclimate indicators of workplaces in industrial premises, taking into account the intensity of energy consumption of workers, time of work, periods of the year and contain requirements for methods of measuring and controlling microclimatic conditions.

4.2 ... Microclimate indicators should ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and maintenance of the optimal or permissible thermal state of the body.

4.3 ... The indicators characterizing the microclimate in industrial premises are:

· air temperature;

· surface temperature *;

· relative air humidity;

· air speed;

· the intensity of thermal radiation.

* The temperature of the surfaces of the enclosing structures (walls, ceiling, floor), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or its enclosing devices is taken into account.

5. Optimal microclimate conditions

5.1 ... Optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria of optimal thermal and functional state person. They provide a general and local sensation of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on thermoregulation mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health, create the prerequisites for a high level of performance and are preferred at workplaces.

5.2 ... The optimal values ​​of the microclimate indicators must be observed at the workplaces of industrial premises where operator-type work is performed associated with neuro-emotional stress (in cabins, on consoles and technological process control posts, in computer rooms, etc.). The list of other workplaces and types of work in which the optimal microclimate must be ensured is determined by the Sanitary Rules for individual industries and other documents agreed with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities in the prescribed manner.

5.3 ... The optimal parameters of the microclimate in the workplace should correspond to the values ​​given in table. , in relation to the performance of work of various categories in the cold and warm periods of the year.

5.4 ... Changes in air temperature in height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during a shift, while ensuring optimal microclimate values ​​at workplaces should not exceed 2 ° C and go beyond the values ​​indicated in table. for certain categories of work.

Table 1

Optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators at workplaces of industrial premises

		Air temperature, ° WITH	Surface temperature, ° WITH	Relative humidity, %	Air speed, m / s
Cold
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (more than 290)
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (more than 290)						Air temperature, ° WITH		Surface temperature, ° WITH	Relative humidity , %	Air speed, m / s
range below optimal values	range above optimal values	for air temperature range below optimal values , no more	for a range of air temperatures above optimal values , no more**
Cold		20,0 - 21, 9				0, 1
	Ib (140 - 174)		23,1 - 24, 0
	IIa (175 - 232)
	IIb (233 - 290)	15,0 - 16, 9
	III (more than 290)						0, 4
		21, 0 - 22,9	25, 1 - 28,0
	Ib (140 - 174)
	IIa (175 - 232)	18,0 - 19, 9	22,1 - 27, 0
	IIb (233 - 290)
	III (more than 290)

*At temperatures air 25 ° WITH and above maximum magnitudes relative humidity air must accepted v conformity with requirements NS. .

** At temperatures air 26 - 28 ° WITH speed movement air v warm period of the year should accepted v conformity with requirements NS. .

6.4 ... While ensuring the permissible values ​​of the microclimate in the workplace:

· air temperature difference in height should be no more than 3° WITH ;

· horizontal air temperature drop, as well as its changes during the shift should not exceed:

In this case, the absolute values ​​of the air temperature should not go beyond the values ​​indicated in table. for certain categories of work.

Number of measuring sites

100 to 400

The number of sections is determined by the distance between them, which should not exceed 10 m.

measurement range

Limit deviation

Dry bulb temperature, ° С

from -30 to 50

± 0, 2

Wet bulb temperature, ° WITH

± 0,2

Surface temperature, ° WITH

± 0,5

Relative humidity, %

± 5,0

Air speed, m / s

± 0, 05

± 0,1

Heat radiation intensity, W / m 2

from 10 to 350

± 5,0

± 50,0

7.14 ... Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol in which the general information on the production facility, the location of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat generation, cooling and moisture release, a diagram of the location of areas for measuring microclimate parameters and other data are given.

7.15 ... In the conclusion of the protocol, an assessment of the results of the measurements performed for compliance with regulatory requirements should be given.

Annex 1
(reference)

Characteristics of certain categories of work

1 ... Work categories are differentiated based on the intensity of the body's energy consumption in kcal / h (W).

2. Category I a refers to work with an intensity of energy consumption of up to 120 kcal / h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by insignificant physical stress (a number of professions in enterprises of precision instrument and mechanical engineering, in watchmaking, garment production, in the field of management, etc.) ...

3. Category I b includes work with an energy consumption intensity of 121 - 150 kcal / h (140 - 174 W), performed while sitting, standing or associated with walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, at communications enterprises, controllers, masters in different types production, etc.).

4 . Category II a refers to work with an intensity of energy consumption of 151 - 200 kcal / h (175 - 232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly shops machine-building enterprises, in the spinning and weaving industry, etc.).

5 . Category II b includes work with an energy intensity of 201 - 250 kcal / h (233 - 290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying weights up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundries, rolling, forging, thermal, welding shops machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

6. Category III includes work with an energy consumption of more than 250 kcal / h (more than 290 W), associated with constant movement, movement and carrying of significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in forging shops with hand forging, foundries with manual packing and pouring flasks of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Determination of the heat load index of the environment (TNS-index)

1 ... The index of thermal load of the environment (TNS-index) is an empirical indicator characterizing the combined effect of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air velocity and thermal radiation) on the human body.

2 ... The THC-index is determined on the basis of the values ​​of the temperature of the wetted thermometer of the aspiration psychrometer ( t ow ) and the temperature inside the blackened sphere ( t w).

3 ... The temperature inside the blackened ball is measured with a thermometer, the reservoir of which is placed in the center of the blackened hollow ball; t w reflects the influence of air temperature, surface temperature and air velocity. The blackened ball should have a diameter of 90 mm, the smallest possible thickness and an absorption coefficient of 0.95. Accuracy of measuring the temperature inside the ball± 0.5 ° C.

4 ... TNS-index is calculated according to the equation:

5 ... It is recommended to use the THS-index for an integral assessment of the heat load of the environment at workplaces where the air velocity does not exceed 0.6 m / s, and the intensity of thermal irradiation is 1200 W / m 2.

6 ... The method for measuring and controlling the THC index is similar to the method for measuring and controlling the air temperature (p. - of these Sanitary Rules).

7 ... The values ​​of the THC index should not go beyond the values ​​recommended in table. .

	The values ​​of the integral indicator, ° WITH
Ib (140 - 174)
IIa (175 - 232)
IIb (233 - 290)	19,5 - 23, 9
III (more than 290)	18,0 - 21, 8

Working time at tempera Tair pressure in the workplace is higher or lower than permissible values

1 ... In order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature at the workplace is higher or lower than the permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or in total per work shift) should be limited to the values ​​indicated in table. and tab. of this application. At the same time, the average shift air temperature at which workers are during the work shift at workplaces and rest places should not go beyond the permissible air temperature values ​​for the corresponding categories of work indicated in Table. 1

5, 5

Average shift air temperature ( t in) calculated by the formula:

where

t в1, t в2, ... t в n - air temperature (° С) in the corresponding areas of the workplace;

τ 1, τ 2,…, τ n - time (h) of performing work in the corresponding sections of the workplace;

8 - the duration of the work shift (h).

The rest of the microclimate indicators (relative air humidity, air velocity, surface temperature, heat radiation intensity) at workplaces must be within the permissible values ​​of these Sanitary Rules.

Bibliographic data

1 . P leadership 2.2.4 / 2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of production and environment(under approval).

2 SNiP 2.01.01 ... "Construction climatology and geophysics".

3 . Guidelines"Assessment of the thermal state of a person in order to substantiate the hygienic requirements for the microclimate of workplaces and measures for the prevention of cooling and overheating" No. 5168-90 dated 05.03.90. In collection: Hygienic principles of prevention of adverse effects of industrial microclimate on the human body. V. 43, M. 1991, p. 192 - 211.

4 . P manual 2.2.013-94. Occupational hygiene. Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions according to indicators of harmfulness and danger of factors of the working environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process. State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia, M., 1994, 42 p.

5 . GOST 12.1.005-88 "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area."

6 ... Building regulations. SNiP 2.04.05-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".