Antibiotics for sinusitis: indications for use, recommendations and rules. The most effective antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis in adults Which is the most effective antibiotic for sinusitis

Inflammatory processes in the paranasal sinuses are one of the most common pathologies of the upper respiratory tract. Among patients in otorhinolaryngological hospitals, the percentage of diagnoses of acute and chronic sinusitis is about 40%.
The term sinusitis refers to inflammatory damage to the paranasal sinuses of various etiologies (bacterial, viral, fungal, allergic).

An interesting fact is that even with the viral nature of the inflammation, a secondary, bacterial component can subsequently join. Therefore, it is recommended to prescribe antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis in adults and children from the first days of the disease.

The high risk of severe complications necessitates early antibiotic therapy. On initial stages treatment, antimicrobials are selected empirically, taking into account the main pathogens.

Which antibiotic is better for sinusitis in adults for an alternative regimen?

Inhibitor-protected penicillins with antipseudomonas activity;
cephalosporins (Cefuroxime ®, Cefotaxime ®, Ceftriaxone ®, Cefepime ®, Ceftazidime ®, Cefoperazone ®);
def. cephalosporins (Cefoperazone/sulbactam ®);
fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin ®, Levofloxacin ®);
carbapenems (, Meropenem ®), are prescribed for severe infections with high level drug resistance;
macrolides are preferably used for allergies to beta-lactams in pregnant women.

Highly effective against Gramflora, has no effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PRSA, which produce staphylococcal penicillinase. Weakly active against infections associated with streptococci, anaerobes, and penicillin-sensitive staphylococci.

Side effects from use:

ampicillin rash;
individual intolerance and allergic cross-reactions to other beta-lactams.

Contraindications:

liver diseases;
individual hypersensitivity;
age up to a month;
pregnancy;
use of oral anticoagulants.

Parenterally it is prescribed at a rate of two to six grams per day, divided into four administrations.

For oral use, 500 mg every six hours, one hour before meals (adults).

For children, use 50-100 mg/kg per day, divided into 4 administrations. Take 30-50 mg/kg orally every six hours.

The best antibiotic for sinusitis in adults for endonasal use

Local therapy is effective if the agent used can penetrate through the anastomosis of the nasal passages, directly into the inflammatory focus and have a direct effect on the pathogen. In case of complete obstruction of the nasal passages, such treatment will not be advisable until at least partial aeration of the sinuses is restored.

Common sprays and drops with antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis: name, composition, application

Isofra ®

A product for local use in ENT practice. Produced in the form of a spray. The active ingredient is an antibiotic (hereinafter referred to as ABP) of a number of aminoglycosides - framycetin.

This remedy is capable of creating effective concentrations in the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses. It has minimal systemic absorption, that is, it practically does not enter the blood.

It has a pronounced bactericidal effect on most Gram- and Gram+ pathogens, has low flora resistance rates and rare side effects.

Isofra is not prescribed to patients with individual intolerance to framycetin or allergies to aminoglycosides. Not for use in children under one year of age.

Adults use the drug up to 6 times a day (children up to three times), one spray into each nasal passage.

Exceeding the duration of the course is not permissible, due to the risk of developing superinfection and the emergence of drug-resistant strains.

The spray is prohibited for use in women during pregnancy, due to the risk of toxic effects on the cochleovestibular apparatus of the unborn child. Also, contraindicated during breastfeeding!

Rinil ®

What antibiotic is best to use for sinusitis if the pharmacy does not have Isofra ®? Rinil ® is similar in its action and active substance (framycetin).

The drug is available in the form of drops and spray. Dosages and duration of use are similar to Isofra.

The high effectiveness of framycetin is due to its wide spectrum of action against pathogens of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. It has a bactericidal effect, even on strains resistant to beta-lactams.

Some streptococci, anaerobes, and treponema are resistant.

Due to low systemic absorption, it does not exhibit the ototoxic effect characteristic of aminoglycosides when administered orally or parenterally.

Polydexa with phenylephrine ®

The drug most often offered in pharmacies, after the question: what spray antibiotics are best to treat sinusitis?

The high effectiveness of the product is due to its combined composition.

Two antibacterial components (a natural polypeptide and a representative of the series) have a pronounced antimicrobial effect. The combination of polymyxin and neomycin significantly expands the spectrum of activity against pathogenic flora. Glucocorticosteroid hormone (dexamethasone ®) has an anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictor effect, reducing the degree of swelling of the mucous membrane, restoring normal aeration of the sinuses and reducing the production of exudate. Phenylephrine ® is an alpha1-adrenergic stimulant and has a strong vasoconstrictor effect.

Low systemic absorption of Polydex ® components, in combination with dexamethasone (which has an antiallergic effect) causes a low incidence of side effects from use.

It is important to remember that Polydexa ® spray is contraindicated for use in persons:

with upper respiratory tract disease of viral etiology;
with angle-closure glaucoma;
kidney pathology with albuminuria;
renal failure;
children under 2.5 years old;
pregnant and lactating women;
with thyroid pathology;

How to use the spray?

Patients over fifteen years of age and adults use Polydex ® one injection into each nasal passage, up to five times a day.

Children from 2.5 to fifteen years, one dose into the nasal passages, up to three applications per day.

Bioparox ®

The active substance that provides the antimicrobial effect is a natural polypeptide ABP of fungal origin - fusagungin.

A well-adapted spectrum of activity determines its effectiveness against most representatives of Gram- and Gram+ flora, anaerobes, mycoplasma and some molds. Also used against actinomycetes and Candida.

Powerful, local anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity allows Bioparox to be used not only at the stage of catarrhal inflammation, but also in the presence of a block in the anastomosis, such as effective remedy additional therapy.

Has no systemic absorption into the bloodstream.

As a rule, it is well tolerated by patients, but is not recommended for long-term use due to the risk of drug-resistant flora and the possibility of developing atrophic changes in the mucous membrane.

Possible side effects:

asthma;
broncho- and laryngospasm;
hives;
perversion of taste sensations;
unpleasant taste in the mouth.

Not used for treatment:

patients under 2.5 years old;
pregnant women;
breastfeeding.

Dosages and frequency of use

For children over twelve years of age and adults, use two doses of the drug in each nostril, up to four times a day. Up to twelve years of age, use one dose four times a day.

Antibiotics for sinusitis in children

This pathology, as a rule, does not occur in children in the first years of life due to the immaturity of the sinuses. Therefore, the main antibacterial sprays and drops for local application Suitable for both adults and children.

It is important to remember that Rinil ® is not prescribed until one year of age, and is not used in children under 2.5 years of age.

For systemic use, it is preferable to use protected penicillins and cephalosporins; for allergies to beta-lactams, macrolides are preferable.

Treatment of sinusitis without antibiotics

Treatment of this disease without antibiotics is not recommended.

As additional stages of therapy, the use of: decongestants, antiallergic drugs, mucolytics, NSAIDs, multivitamins is effective.

Physiotherapeutic procedures are also used. Surgery indicated in the absence of positive dynamics from the treatment and progressive deterioration of the patient’s general condition.

Decongestants

Oxinemetazoline ® preparations are used:

Nazivin ®;
Knoxprey ® ;
Nazol ® .

Xylometazoline:

Rinorus ® ;
Otrivin ®.

Nafazalina:

Naphthyzin ®.

Phenylephrine:

Nazol Baby ® ;
Irifrin ® ;
Mezaton ®.

Sprays that thin the discharge and facilitate its passage

Rinofluimucil ® is a combination of acetylcysteine and thiaminoheptane. Helps eliminate swelling of the mucous membrane, reduce exudation, thin the discharge and facilitate its discharge.

Anti-inflammatory drugs with affinity for the respiratory tract

Erespal ® significantly improves mucociliary transport, reduces the viscosity of mucous secretion and reduces its quantity, eliminates swelling and normalizes aeration.

Non-drug treatment

Phys. procedures are effective when combined complex therapy chronic forms. Electrophoresis with ABP, phonophoresis with hydrocortisone and its combination with oxytetracycline are prescribed. Effective effects of microwave and ultrasonic waves on the sinuses, irradiation using a helium-neon laser.

Washing the nasal cavity using the Proetz (cuckoo) method of moving fluid is highly effective.

In case of difficult evacuation, stalemate. puncture of contents from the maxillary sinuses, followed by rinsing with antiseptics and shunting.

Surgical tactics are used in the presence of intracranial or ocular complications, as well as in chronic forms of the disease. Microsinusrotomy is performed using special trocars or extranasal opening according to Caldwell-Luc.

Sinusitis is one of the most common diseases when inflammation is in the area of the maxillary sinuses.

In addition, sinusitis can occur due to problems with teeth, when you neglect the treatment of deep caries, or other ailments that can affect the teeth.

In this material we will analyze the features of treating sinusitis with antibiotics, find out their name, price, and release form.

How does the disease manifest itself?

You can suspect the first manifestations of sinusitis in adults based on characteristic signs. Most often, the disease occurs as a complication after suffering from a cold or other ailments. In this regard, if you notice a deterioration in your general health, as well as an increase in body temperature, which is accompanied by pain in the maxillary sinuses, you can suspect sinusitis.

The reasons for contacting the clinic for consultation are the following signs:

1) A feeling of fullness and pressure that arose in the sinuses.
2) At the first stage, there may be mucous discharge from the nose; as inflammation increases, it acquires a green tint, and when it enters the purulent stage, it becomes yellowish.
3) Pain in the area of the maxillary sinuses and head, which intensifies when bending over, in the evening the pain increases, in the morning it is usually less.
4) General loss of strength, which is accompanied by high temperature, up to 30 degrees and above. A rise in temperature is not typical.

The main method in making a diagnosis is radiography, thanks to which you can see the presence of pus in the maxillary sinuses, as well as determine its level. Sometimes, the doctor may suggest a more outdated method - a puncture. But due to the pain and risk of complications, this diagnostic method is rarely used.

In order to assign best antibiotic To defeat exactly those microorganisms that caused sinusitis, a nasal swab is prescribed. The procedure is painless and does not take much time.

When are antibiotics needed?

Taking antibacterial drugs is advisable if a person has severe severe pain, high fever, and purulent discharge. In mild cases of the disease, it is quite possible to get by - inhalations, etc.

First of all, before starting to take antibiotics for sinusitis, the root cause of its occurrence, as well as its causative agent, should be established. All this is necessary in order to choose the right antibiotic that will destroy the viral infection we need.

It should be remembered that in some cases, taking antibiotics may be completely ineffective and will only worsen the healing process. For example, if you have an allergic reaction that results in sinusitis, taking these medications will be a waste of time. In addition, if sinusitis is caused by a fungal infection, antibiotics will not help either.

In connection with these aspects, it is strictly forbidden to independently select antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis. Don’t be lazy, go see a qualified specialist. This way you will speed up your recovery and also avoid unpleasant complications.

What antibiotics should I take to treat sinusitis?

And so, let's figure out what antibiotics to take for sinusitis, and also what kind of drugs best cope with this disease.

As mentioned earlier, it is necessary to determine the pathogen using a smear and, based on the test results, buy effective antibiotic, which is suitable for adults. This is the best solution.

Please note that if, after starting to take the medication, relief does not occur within 2-3 days, it means that the antibiotic was chosen incorrectly, or resistance to it has developed, then the drug needs to be replaced.

Mainly certain groups of antibiotics are used. Below are the names:

penicillin is the most common and preferred drug.
macrolides - mainly used if the patient is intolerant to penicillin.
Fluoroquinolones are a synthetic drug to which bacteria have not yet “developed immunity.”
cephalosporins - in case of low effectiveness of other drugs, this group of drugs is prescribed. Used for strong inflammatory processes.

Once again, we remind you that the selection of antibacterial drugs should be carried out after identifying the pathogen. In addition, the individual characteristics of a person, his allergic reactions and concomitant diseases should be taken into account.

Choosing the right drugs

Let's take a closer look at the types of antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis (see names below) - they come in tablets, injections, drops, and also in a convenient spray form.

The pharmacy offers a large number of, both modern (Zitrolide, Macropen) and time-tested antibacterial drugs (Amoxil, Flemoxin Solutab, etc.). The choice is yours and your doctor's.

Antibiotics for sinusitis in tablets

The tablets are familiar to everyone, they have a convenient form, and are also relatively easy to take.

Let's take a closer look at which antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis are available in tablet form:

1) Macropen- a common drug that belongs to the group of macrolides, the active substance is midecamycin. Effective against pneumococcus and Haemophilus influenzae. Adults take for 2 weeks, 3 times a day after meals. An hour after taking it in the blood there will be maximum amount active substance.
2) Augmentin- belongs to the group of semi-synthetic penicillins, which have protection in in this case This is clavulanic acid. It has a wide spectrum of action and complex composition. Refers to 3rd generation antibiotics. Treatment with the drug should not be continued for more than 14 days. Side effects include vomiting, nausea, dysbacteriosis.
3) Sumamed- a modern and popular antibiotic, which is often used for sinusitis and other diseases. Belongs to the group of macrolides. Take 1 time per day, 2 hours after or an hour before meals. The course of treatment will be no more than 5 days.
4) Flemoxin Solutab- effective and resistant to the influence of gastric juice. Belongs to the category of penicillins. When taking, listen to your doctor’s recommendations, this will help speed up your recovery.
5) Amoxiclav - prescribed for sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis and other diseases, has a wide spectrum of action and belongs to the group of semi-synthetic penicillins, which are capable of destroying the walls of bacteria. Indicated mainly for adults only.
6) Zitrolide- has an antimicrobial effect, belongs to the macrolide group. Apply once a day, 1 hour before or 2 after meals. Dispensed by prescription.

If within 48 hours you have not felt the healing properties of the chosen antibiotic, it means that it was ineffective in combating sinusitis. It should not be used for longer.

Antibiotics for sinusitis in injections

In case of signs of severe intoxication of the body, it makes sense to prescribe antibiotics intramuscularly. As a rule, they have the highest bioavailability.

1) Ceftriaxone- intended for the treatment of infectious diseases, is a derivative of penicillin. Belong to the 3rd generation. Mainly used during acute phase sinusitis. Sold in powder form for the preparation of a solution for intravenous and intramuscular injections. Contraindicated during pregnancy.
2) Cefazolin- is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, has a pronounced antimicrobial effect. After administration, it is quickly absorbed, the concentration in the blood remains for 12 hours. The drug must be diluted in 4-5 ml isotonic solution sodium chloride, or use plain water for injection. Allergic reactions and gastrointestinal disorders may occur.

Antibiotics for sinusitis - drops or spray

Among other things, to treat sinusitis you can use drops and sprays, which also contain antibiotics.

1) Isofra- most popular remedy in the form of a spray, they prefer to use it instead of injections and tablets. Apply 4-6 times a day, spray into each nostril alternately. The course of treatment is a week. Before use, the nose must be cleared of snot.
2) Polydexa with phenylephrine- has antibacterial and vasoconstrictor effects. It is used in the form of a spray 3-5 times a day, the duration of treatment is around 7 days. Contains the antibiotics neomycin and polymyxin.

During the course of antibacterial drugs, do not forget to monitor the intestinal microflora. For prevention, you can take Fluconazole or its analogues. If bowel dysfunction has already occurred, probiotics or prebiotics are needed.

A response to the therapy should appear within 2 days; if this does not happen, the chosen drug is ineffective and there is no point in taking it further. Requires replacement with analogues.

Dosages and duration of treatment are selected individually; for consultation, please contact your doctor. Uncontrolled use can lead to a significant deterioration in a person’s condition, as well as the development of microorganism resistance to the chosen drug.

Which doctor should I contact for treatment?

If, after reading this article, you think that you have symptoms characteristic of this disease, then you should

Antibiotics for sinusitis sometimes become the only solution to the problem, as they help get rid of the infection or virus and, thus, “cleanse” maxillary sinuses from accumulated pus. Treatment should be prescribed by a doctor who will choose the optimal drug depending on the course of the disease and the patient’s condition.

ATX code

R07AX Other preparations for the treatment of respiratory diseases

Pharmacological group

Antibacterial agents for systemic use

Antibacterial treatment of sinusitis in adults

Before starting drug treatment, you should consult with an experienced healthcare professional. It is he who will assess the severity of the disease and select the most suitable drug.

Treatment in adults takes place when there is an acute course of the disease, or the chronic form has caused serious complications. In some cases, the patient is admitted to hospital treatment. He is prescribed bed rest and a course of treatment with effective antibacterial agents. In most cases intensive therapy gives positive results, and the patient recovers quickly. In severe situations, if there is a complication, puncture of the maxillary sinuses is used.

Typically, macrolides, penicillins and cephalosporins are used to treat adults. These include: Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, Ampiox, Cefazolin, Macropen, Ceftriaxone (often used to neutralize the acute phase), Cifran, etc. The selection of an antibacterial agent depends on the general condition of the patient, the degree of complications associated with maxillitis, and others factors. Usually the course of treatment is no more than 7 days. If necessary intramuscular injection a special sensitivity test should be carried out. The chronic phase is treated, as a rule, with penicillins, in particular Augmentin. It takes longer to get rid of chronic forms - on average, such treatment is 2-3 weeks.

Any skin rashes may indicate an allergy. In this case, you should stop taking the medication and consult a doctor to decide on the selection of an alternative remedy. Antihistamines and corticosteroids are often prescribed along with antibiotics, their action is aimed at reducing swelling, reducing inflammation and preventing allergies.

Cephalosporins are currently considered the most effective in the treatment of sinusitis in adults. Already on the second day after taking them, a significant improvement in the patient’s condition is observed, unpleasant symptoms disappear, and breathing becomes easier.

The choice of antibacterial agents today is quite extensive, but treatment should be prescribed by an ENT doctor. So, he can prescribe antibiotics in the form of tablets, powder for injection, sprays, suspensions and drops. The most effective forms of release of antibacterial agents in medical practice are considered to be injection solutions. Without qualified consultation from a medical specialist, treatment will not give the desired results and will be practically meaningless.

Antibacterial treatment of sinusitis in children

Antibiotics for sinusitis for childhood treatment are used only in rare cases, in advanced stages of the disease, which have become chronic, when we are talking about serious dangers to the child’s life. The fact is that drugs of this type can have a very negative impact on the child’s health in the future, since they often damage the liver and disrupt the intestinal microflora. The optimal dosage form of the antibacterial drug is selected depending on the age of the child. These can be either tablets or injections.

How to recognize sinusitis in a child? The main symptoms of this disease in most cases are swelling of the face, headache, aggravated by turning or tilting the head, prolonged colds for more than 7 days, accompanied by severe nasal congestion and runny nose, reappearance temperature.

The antibiotic is selected taking into account the baby’s condition, the course of the disease, as well as any complications that arise. Doctors usually recommend modern topical antibacterial drugs. Their advantages lie in the localization of active ingredients directly at the sites of infection. One of the most common and effective topical drugs is Bioparox, as well as its analogues - Fusafungin and Hexoral. These are polypeptides that are produced in the form of oral and nasal inhalers and act only in the area of application - on the mucous membranes of the oral and nasal cavities, suppressing the source of infection. In addition, the data medicines have minimal side effects. The course of treatment with Bioparox or its analogues usually does not exceed one week. But they are contraindicated for children under 2.5 years of age.

Among the classic medications used to treat childhood maxillitis are sprays, nasal drops, suspensions and ointments. When a diagnosis of “catarrhal sinusitis” is made, therapy is most often carried out with one medicine that has a wide spectrum of action. In addition to taking antibiotics, complex treatment For diseases, other pharmaceuticals are used, as well as rinsing the nasal passages based on folk recipes, compresses and inhalations. Antibacterial and effective treatment aids in most cases it turns out to be positive.

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Courses of antibiotic treatment for sinusitis

The course of treatment can take from 1-2 weeks or longer (up to 2 months), - it all depends on the degree of infection. Antibacterial therapy is prescribed by a doctor in case of severe intoxication of the patient’s body. If the situation requires it, medications are administered intramuscularly. At the same time, to reduce swelling of the mucous membrane, modern vasoconstrictors (Sinuforte, Naphthyzin, Galazolin, Sinupret, Sanorin, Nazol) are instilled into the nasal passages. Special effect have inhalation aerosols.

In case of emergency, puncture of the maxillary sinus is used and it is washed with antiseptic solutions with further administration of antibiotics. For prolonged forms of the disease, antimicrobial drugs are prescribed in the form of tablets or injections. For these purposes, macrolides, azalides, beta-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins), as well as fluoroquinolones are used. Usually, after 2-3 days after starting treatment, the patient experiences a significant improvement in condition, but if this does not happen, the doctor should select another antimicrobial drug that is more effective against the causative agent of the disease. The choice of drug is mainly carried out after laboratory determination of the sensitivity of the pathogen to active substance.

Systemic antibiotic therapy is necessary for moderate and severe forms ah, and also when establishing the streptococcal nature of the inflammatory process. The course of treatment is strictly individual in each specific case.

New antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis of the new generation - macrolides and cephalosporins of the 2nd-3rd generation - are considered in our time the most effective drugs that have found wide use in modern medicine in cases where penicillins do not provide positive dynamics in the treatment of patients.

New antibiotics for the treatment of sinusitis from the so-called group. “cephalosporins” - Cefuroxin, Cefotaxime, Cecefoxitin, Cefachlor, Cefexime - are similar in structure to penicillins, however, unlike the latter, they not only inhibit the development, but also completely destroy pathogenic bacteria.

The group of macrolides - for example, Azithromycin, Macropen, as well as tetracyclines - are highly effective in treating even the most severe forms. The course of treatment is usually 5 days, and Macropen is able to suppress a bacterial infection in just three days. Unfortunately, along with the powerful effect of macrolide drugs on pathogens, their negative effect on the human body is observed. For this reason, these antibacterial agents are contraindicated during pregnancy, as well as in young children. They are prescribed with extreme caution to patients who suffer from acute or chronic forms of gastritis, due to negative influence drugs on the gastric mucosa. In such situations, patients are prescribed local medications that have less pronounced side effects.

Modern local antibacterial drugs include Isofra and Bioparox. They have a powerful bactericidal effect against bacteria that cause infection of the upper respiratory tract, and are able to remove symptoms in just a few days - congestion in the maxillary sinuses, debilitating runny nose and difficulty breathing.

Antibiotics for sinusitis of the penicillin series are considered the most gentle in relation to the human body. Such drugs, for example, include Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin and Augmentin, which have proven effective in treating the acute form of the disease.

Tablet forms

Antibiotics for sinusitis are available in different forms, but most often in tablets that have a general effect. Today, both powerful modern medicines and the old generation, trustworthy and time-tested, are used. Tablet forms not only actively fight the causative agent of infection or virus, but also prevent the development dangerous complications, in particular, such as meningitis, otitis media or otitis media. Only 3-5 days antibacterial therapy will bring relief and eliminate the cause of the disease.

Tablets that are used to treat the acute form are Macropen, Flemoxin Solutab, Zitrolide, Augmentin, etc. In case of intolerance penicillin group the patient is prescribed tetracyclines or macrolides: Ampicillin, Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, etc. When choosing the most appropriate antibiotic, the doctor must take into account the particular course of the disease, the patient’s condition, as well as test results (nasal culture). It is important to choose the right and effective remedy, since a weak antibiotic may not have the desired effect. Since the study to determine the sensitivity of the pathogen to an antibacterial agent sometimes takes a long period of time (up to 2 weeks), empirical (selective) prescription of antibiotics is possible during treatment.

Often, a tablet antibiotic is prescribed to the patient in combination with topical medications - nasal drops and sprays. Usually vasoconstrictors are instilled, and then a spray or drops are used. It is important to entrust the treatment to an experienced doctor, since self-medication with pills chosen at random will not give an effective result. Sometimes the use of drops and sprays alone also does not give a positive effect. It is mandatory to combine antibiotics with antihistamines, the action of which is aimed at relieving allergies and reducing swelling of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Among these are Suprastin, Diphenhydramine, Tavegil.

Antibiotics for sinusitis during pregnancy

Antibiotics for sinusitis (rhinosinusitis) are prescribed in cases of acute disease, or when the disease has become chronic and has caused complications in the form of purulent discharge. To diagnose this disease in pregnant women, methods such as classic ultrasound, diaphanoscopy, and thermal imaging are used, since radiography is prohibited for expectant mothers.

Antibiotics for sinusitis during pregnancy are used only in cases of the development of an acute form of the disease. The most common are Azithromycin, Agumentin, and 3rd generation cephalosproins. Doctors can prescribe Spiramycin to expectant mothers - it is considered the safest during pregnancy, but only in extreme cases when other treatment methods do not produce the desired results.

It should be noted that it is highly undesirable for pregnant women to take antibiotics in the form of tablets, especially in the first months of bearing a baby. Therefore, other procedures are an alternative to tablets, in particular, the introduction of local antibacterial agents (Isofra, Bioparox) directly into the maxillary sinuses. In combination with antibiotics, modern antihistamines are often prescribed, the action of which is aimed at reducing swelling of the mucous membrane.

Doctors often prescribe vasoconstrictor nasal medications to pregnant women (Farmazolin, Otilin, DlyaNos, Nazivin, etc.), which reduce swelling of the mucous membrane and clear the openings of the maxillary sinuses well. However, their appointment is carried out only in cases of extreme necessity.

A pregnant woman should never self-medicate maxillitis, because this can lead to unpleasant consequences and even dangerous conditions. After all, any medicine during pregnancy, and especially an antibiotic, is used in extreme cases, when the potential benefits of its use exceed all possible dangers and risks for the expectant mother and her child.

Local antibiotics

Antibiotic therapy in the treatment of sinusitis can be systemic and local. Local antibiotics are available in the form of a spray, which allows the medicine to penetrate into the paranasal sinuses and act directly on pathogenic microbes. Most often, in combination with local ones, systemic drugs are prescribed, the action of which is aimed at cleansing the air cavities of pus and mucus. Only under this condition local drugs will have an effective impact.

Of the antibacterial nasal sprays that are used in modern medical practice, the following can be noted:

Isofra. A nasal spray that contains framycetin from the group of aminoglycosides. The spray effectively destroys bacteria that cause inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. It has virtually no side effects, except for a possible allergic reaction. The active substance - framycetin sulfate - is not absorbed into the blood. However, if after a week of treatment the disease does not go away, it is necessary to discontinue this antibacterial agent.
Bioparox. The active substance is fusafungine. It is produced in the form of an aerosol for inhalation and has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect. Fusafungin penetrates into the blood in minimal quantities, so the use of this drug does not pose any danger. In addition, Bioparox has virtually no side effects, but it is not recommended for use in children under 3 years of age.

Antibiotic sprays

Antibiotics for sinusitis in the form of sprays usually take place in complex combination with other ENT drugs (in particular, corticosteroids) and are used both in the treatment of acute forms and chronic course diseases.

A distinctive feature of an antibiotic-based spray is that it does not enter the bloodstream and does not have any negative impact on the intestinal microflora, but fights directly against the source of inflammation. Among the drugs that combine well and have an effective effect on microorganisms and bacteria that cause maxillitis, we can highlight Phenylephrine and Polydex. In addition to quickly thinning mucus, these medications relieve swelling and also actively suppress the inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses.

Polidexa contains three main medicinal substances - polymyxin, neomycin and dexamethasone. Thus, it can be called combined, because it has several pharmacological effects. According to the instructions for use, Polydexa has a pronounced bactericidal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effect and is widely used in the treatment of various ENT complications.

The spray should be effective and help quickly suppress the inflammatory process. In this regard, Bioparox and Isofra have proven themselves well. Both sprays cope well with the main causes of the disease, eliminating foci of inflammation in the nasal passages, and have a non-aggressive effect. It should be taken into account that the use of such drugs should not be too long and frequent. This may cause addiction to the action of the active substances. In addition, under the influence of antibiotics, thinning of the walls of the nasal vessels is observed. This can lead to hemorrhages due to sudden increases in blood pressure.

Often, along with sprays, mucolytic sprays are used, which thin the mucus in the maxillary sinuses, increasing the access of oxygen to the affected areas, and also effectively cleanse the nasopharyngeal cavity of pus. Of these sprays, Rinoflimucil can be noted, which has a mild vasoconstrictor effect. Another popular spray, Sinuforte, provides careful drainage of the maxillary sinuses. It is not absorbed into the blood, while guaranteeing the integrity of the mucosal epithelium.

Sprays based on corticosteroids that are used in complex therapy along with antibiotics include Nosonex, Nasobek and Beconase. They actively relieve swelling of the mucous membranes by affecting certain cells of the immune system. After irrigation with such sprays, a burning sensation in the nasal cavity is usually observed, but other negative manifestations (dry nose, nosebleeds, etc.) are extremely rare. It is not recommended to take corticosteroid sprays for young children and pregnant women.

Antibiotics in the form of a spray should be prescribed by a doctor, since the effectiveness of the drug lies in both the correct selection and proper use of the drug. The attending physician must take into account the individual condition of the patient, the course of the disease, its severity and other factors. As a result, a set of therapeutic measures prescribed by an experienced qualified doctor will lead to quick recovery. Uncontrolled use of any means for the treatment of maxillitis, including antibiotic-based sprays, can cause various negative consequences.

Nasal antibiotics

Antibiotics for sinusitis can take the form of tablets, sprays, and nasal drops. Most often, the doctor prescribes drops along with antibiotics - this helps to overcome the infection in record time.

Nasal potassium is prescribed for local action, which consists of destroying pathogenic microflora and suppressing the inflammatory process. In addition to Bioparox, Isofra, Polydex and Dioxidin are in great demand these days.

Polydexa is an effective nasal spray or drops. One of the active ingredients, phenylephrine, facilitates nasal breathing due to its vasodilating effect. Local exposure limits the number of side effects - they appear very rarely in the form of nausea, dizziness, and headache. Another substance included in Polydexa, dexamethasone, has a pronounced anti-allergenic effect. The combination of antibacterial substances such as polymyxin and neomycin expands the range of its use and increases its effectiveness.
Dioxidin - contains, in addition to the antibiotic, the hormones adrenaline and hydrocortisone. It is used both for washing the maxillary cavities and for nasal instillation. It has narrow therapeutic indications, therefore, when taking it, it is necessary to follow the doses recommended by the doctor and not exceed them in order to avoid the manifestation of toxicological properties.

For maxillitis, drops are often used in combination with antibiotics. oil based containing extracts of medicinal plants - Sinuforte and Sunipret. These drops gently envelop the nasal mucosa and have not only an antibacterial, but also an anti-edematous and anti-inflammatory effect. The plant components contained in such drops have an immunomodulatory effect.

Any nasal drops, if used frequently or for a long time, can cause:

allergies;
addiction;
bleeding due to pressure surges;
thinning of the walls of the nasal passages and other negative consequences.

The drops should be taken with extreme caution by hypertensive patients, as well as people with thyroid dysfunction. During pregnancy and lactation, the use of this type of medicine is prohibited.

Modern antibiotic drops are characterized by abundance and the ability to choose the optimal drug. Among the most common are Isofra, Polydexa with phenylephrine, Bioparox (fusafungin), Dioxidin. Before use, rinse your nose thoroughly. For this purpose, you can use a saline solution. To prepare it, dissolve 1 teaspoon of coarse rock salt in a glass of slightly cooled boiled water.

The course of treatment with antibacterial drugs in drops must be completed, even despite the first signs of improvement. Typically, this course of therapy is 5-7-10 days, depending on the severity of the disease. Long-term use of drops can lead to the development of drug resistance to the drug, as well as cause various unpleasant symptoms, including allergies.

Drops should be applied while lying on your side. In this case, you need to bury the nostril located below. After instillation, it is recommended to remain in the same position for several minutes so that the drops penetrate well into the maxillary sinuses. After 2-3 minutes, you can instill the drops into the second nostril.

Names of antibiotics for sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis are used to suppress the inflammatory process and destroy the source of the disease. Among the causative agents of the disease may be streptococcus, fungus, Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus and different kinds bacteria. Accordingly, in such cases, penicillin drugs are used.

Macropen

Macropen today occupies a leading place among other antibacterial drugs. It belongs to macrolides and is capable of having an active effect on many different bacteria, including those that show resistance to other antibiotics, for example, penicillin. Thus, Macropen can be considered a new generation drug.

Effective in the treatment of chronic forms and is able to overcome the disease in the shortest possible time. The dosage form is tablets or granules for the preparation of a suspension. It is enough to take 1-2 capsules per day, and after 3-4 days the patient will feel significant relief, the disease will begin to recede.

With long-term therapy with Macropen, there is a need to monitor the activity of liver enzymes, especially if the patient has severe liver dysfunction.

Of course, Macropen has contraindications. Among the main ones are childhood up to 3 years, pregnancy and lactation. Before treatment, you must consult an otolaryngologist. He will select the optimal medication regimen and warn the patient about possible side effects. Timely antibacterial treatment will help prevent the development of a chronic form.

Klacid

Klacid for sinusitis gives very good results. Its main effect is to inhibit microbial cells, suppress their growth and reproduction. However, it must be taken strictly under the supervision of a doctor. The main active ingredient of this antibacterial drug is clarithromycin, which belongs to the so-called semi-synthetic group. "macrolides". Klacid is very effective in treating diseases of the respiratory tract and ENT organs, as well as skin lesions.

This drug has different forms of release: granules or tablets for the preparation of medicinal suspensions, as well as powder for injection solutions. Most patients are prescribed long-acting tablets called Klacid SR. The dosage is 1-2 tablets per day. The course of treatment depends on the severity and ranges from 6 to 14 days. However, in special cases, the therapeutic course can be extended to 6 months or even more.

It should be emphasized that Klacid is immediately absorbed into the bloodstream, which helps to quickly reduce the clinical symptoms of the disease, such as nasal congestion, headache, unpleasant sensations of tightness in the forehead and maxillary sinuses, as well as mucopurulent discharge from the nasal passages.

A special advantage of Klacid over other antibacterial drugs that are used to treat maxillitis is the absence of any allergic reactions. According to the results of many clinical trials, it is practically safe for patients of any age, including children. The effectiveness of this drug has been proven by time and medical practice.

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Antibiotics for chronic sinusitis

Antibiotics for sinusitis occurring in chronic form, are used in cases of prolonged, persistent runny nose, fever, fever, general malaise and pain in various parts faces that may be permanent or appear sporadically. In such cases, treatment of the chronic form requires special approach, according to the specific symptoms of the disease.

Basically, for chronic cases, doctors prescribe Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Ampiox, Doxycycline, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Cifran, Macropen, Gramox (Flemoxin Solutab), Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin to patients.

Before taking an antibacterial drug, you should make sure that there is no allergic reaction to the active substance. So, with intramuscular injection, a sensitivity test is done. It must be discontinued if the patient experiences skin rashes that indicate an allergy.

If the treatment is ineffective, the patient is prescribed another medicine.

When treating chronic maxillitis, it is very important to complete the full course of treatment, strictly according to the regimen prescribed by the doctor. Basically, this course lasts from 10 to 14 days or more - it all depends on the improvement of the patient’s condition.

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Antibiotics for acute sinusitis

Acute sinusitis is accompanied by inflammatory processes in the maxillary paranasal sinus. Its main symptoms are unpleasant, constantly increasing sensations in the paranasal area, nasal passages, above the eyes, severe nasal congestion, difficulty in nasal breathing, persistent runny nose, increased body temperature to 38° and even more, general malaise and weakness, decreased appetite.

Antibiotics for acute sinusitis should be used if its bacterial nature is proven and the causative agent of the disease is identified, and the likelihood of developing purulent form, or are available chronic diseases. Modern medicines include:

Amoxiclav. Intended mainly for older patients for oral administration. It is recommended to dissolve in water before use.
Augmentin. Effective for treating adults and children (strictly under the supervision of a pediatrician). Adults are recommended to drink 1 tablet of Augmentin three times a day.
Flemoxin Solutab. Can be taken with or without food, swallowing the tablet whole. Typically, patients are prescribed a double dose of 500-2000 mg (for adults).
Macropen. Available in the form of tablets and granules - for adults and children, respectively. The daily dose is usually 2-3 times. For patients over 20 kg, a dose of 22.5 ml is recommended. Macropen granules should be taken after meals, first dissolved in water.
Hiconcil. Effectively inhibits the activity of pathogenic bacteria, and also destroys their structural walls at the cellular level. There are different forms of release - suspension, powder and capsules. The daily dosage is 1-2 capsules three times a day.
Zitrolide. Should be taken orally 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals.

You can also note local polypeptides, which have proven to be highly effective. It should be noted Bioparox, as well as its analogues - Fusafungin and Hexoral. The action of the active substance is directed to the affected area, the medicine does not enter the systemic bloodstream, and also has no side effects. The course of treatment with Bioparox is usually 5-7 days.

It should be noted that if, at the end of 3-4 days after starting to take the medicine, the temperature does not drop, you should replace it with another one. Antihistamine tablets are often taken along with antibiotics, which reduce swelling and relieve allergies. In severe cases, the patient is given a puncture in the area of the inflamed sinuses to cleanse them of pathological mucus, and then injected antiseptic solutions. Usually, after such a procedure, the patient feels much better, unpleasant symptoms disappear, in particular headaches, breathing becomes easier, and general condition improves.

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The best antibiotic for sinusitis

How to choose the right antibiotic? The solution to this issue is the prerogative of the doctor. The results will help him decide on the optimal drug X-ray studies and laboratory tests.

The best antibiotic for sinusitis is the one to which, according to the results of a smear, the causative agent of the disease is most sensitive. Usually, if after 48 hours after taking an antibacterial drug the patient does not feel much relief, it means that the pathogen has developed resistance to this medicine, or the main cause of the pathology is not bacterial infection, and the virus fungal infection, or an allergic factor.

When choosing a medicine, the doctor must take into account the patient’s age, the characteristics of the course of the disease, as well as the likelihood of developing various complications. The acute form usually requires taking one antibacterial drug, but the most effective one. In severe cases of the disease, it becomes necessary to prescribe intramuscular or intravenous injections. The course of antibacterial therapy should last at least one week (7 days). Even if improvement is observed, the patient is not recommended to stop treatment.

In the chronic form, a combination of topical medications and antibiotics is usually used. wide range actions. Best result is achieved using new generation antibacterial agents - Augmetin, 3rd generation Cephalosproin, Azithromycin, Bioparox, etc.

Antibiotics for sinusitis are selected taking into account individual sensitivity and the mandatory isolation of the infectious agent by smear microscopy, otherwise treatment may be ineffective and will only worsen the patient’s condition. In medical practice, the following groups of antibacterial drugs are used for effective therapy:

Penicillins (Ampicillin, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Flemoklav solutab, Augmentin, etc.). Considered the most effective. Their main advantages are good tolerability and limited side effects. However, in the case of an inflammatory process caused by a pathogen resistant to penicillins, such drugs are ineffective.
Cephalosporins (Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone). They are used for severe cases and the absence of the desired results when using lighter medications.
Macrolides (Sumamed, Clarithromycin, Zitrolide, Macropen). Often prescribed for treatment in children. An alternative for intolerance to penicillin drugs.
Fluoroquinolones (Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin). These are modern drugs to which the main pathogens have not yet developed immunity.
Local (sprays, solutions, nasal drops). Used to avoid many side effects due to intramuscular or oral administration. Local ones include Bioparox (Fuzofungin), Isofra, Polydexa and others.

It is important to know!

In the absence of exudate or purulent contents in the maxillary cavities, treatment of acute or exacerbation chronic sinusitis can be done at home. Physiotherapy for sinusitis is based on the use of laser (magnetic laser) therapy using devices that generate radiation from the near-infrared part of the optical spectrum (wavelength 0.8 - 0.9 microns), in a continuous or pulsed mode of generating this radiation.

Modern doctors prefer to prescribe antibiotics for sinusitis. Many people are afraid to take them, considering such potent drugs to be harmful to the body. But the harm of antibacterial agents lies only in their incorrect or excessive use, and it is not comparable to the consequences and complications that can arise if sinusitis is not treated correctly.

Antibiotics are an unconditional asset modern medicine. Powerful antibacterial agents of the latest generation destroy pathogens in a matter of hours and days, thereby improving the patient’s condition. And in case of such serious illnesses, like pneumonia, sepsis, etc., only thanks to antibiotics can a person’s life be saved.

In one form or another, antibiotics are widely used for outpatient and inpatient treatment of bacterial infections in adults and children. These drugs fight the cause of the disease, making it possible to completely remove its symptoms and return the person to normal life.

Treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics is one of the components of complex therapy. It is prescribed and carried out only according to indications simultaneously with physiotherapy, the use of pharmacological, homeopathic medicines And folk remedies in order to eliminate individual symptoms of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. In no case should the patient prescribe antibacterial drugs to himself; taking them may be ineffective and even lead to aggravation of the disease and the appearance of its complications.

To prescribe antibiotics for sinusitis, the attending physician analyzes the patient’s symptoms and refers him for examinations in order to:

confirm the presence of an inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses;
identify its causes;
determine the specific type of sinusitis;
determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics.

To do this, the patient will need to take a clinical blood test, undergo an ultrasound or x-ray examination, take a bacteriological culture from the nose and, possibly, undergo a puncture.

Modern antibiotics used to treat inflammation of the maxillary sinuses can be in tablets, capsules, injections or solutions that are dripped or sprayed into the nose.

The question of how long to treat sinusitis is decided only by a doctor. It is a mistake to think that you can stop taking them as soon as the symptoms of the disease disappear or the temperature subsides. May remain in the maxillary sinuses hidden infection, due to which the disease can recur or become chronic.

When antibacterial agents for sinusitis are not needed

Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses can occur for a number of reasons, but always has very similar symptoms. Even if the temperature has risen to 37 degrees, you have a headache, your nose is stuffy or mucus is pouring out of it, you should not immediately grab antibacterial tablets or drops. Treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics is not undertaken if:

it is allergic in nature;
it is caused by a virus or fungus (even if there is a fever);
nose has congenital pathology or injured, but no bacterial infection has occurred;
it is caused by bacteria, but the disease is mild, the temperature is not elevated or slightly elevated, there are no signs of intoxication, there is good reason to assume that the body can cope with the infection itself.

What are the direct indications for taking antibiotics for sinusitis?

It is necessary to immediately treat sinusitis with antibacterial agents of natural or synthetic origin if the patient has symptoms of a serious bacterial infection:

Temperature. It can rise sharply to 38 degrees or higher in the first days of the disease, if pathogenic bacteria multiplying in the sinuses provoked inflammation, or after a few days, when the bacterial infection is secondary. This temperature persists and is difficult to break and does not last long.
Stuffy nose. By the nature of congestion, one can distinguish sinusitis from a runny nose. When the maxillary sinuses are inflamed, it is very difficult to blow out thick and dense mucus; the nose, as a rule, is blocked on both sides and is almost completely unable to breathe.
Copious discharge from the nasal passages. Mucus or pus may come out through the nose, depending on the type of sinusitis.
Severe pain in the maxillary sinuses. It intensifies in the evening, and also when moving the head down, up and to the sides.
Signs of intoxication. The patient may complain of chills, muscle pain, loss of appetite, lethargy, etc.

How antibiotics can be taken is decided by the doctor in each specific case, based on the severity of the patient’s sinusitis. He may prescribe local antibacterial agents - nasal drops, if the disease has just begun. At home, it is usually prescribed to treat inflammation of the maxillary sinuses with antibiotics in tablets, capsules, syrups or suspensions. In the hospital, these drugs are injected intramuscularly or intravenously.

Local antibacterial agents for sinusitis

Topical antibiotics, nasal drops, sprays or aerosols, are used to treat catarrhal sinusitis. With this type of illness, the temperature rarely rises above 38 degrees, clear, serous, yellowish and greenish mucus with a neutral odor is released from the nasal passages, the general condition of the patient can be described as satisfactory.

To use antibiotic drops, the nose must first be prepared. In order for the active substance to reach the mucous membrane and be well absorbed, the nasal passages must be rinsed. For this you can use saline, sea water, other pharmaceutical drug or a traditional medicine, for example, a decoction of herbs. Next, vasoconstrictor drops prescribed by the doctor (Nazol, Naphthyzin, Vibrocil, etc.) are instilled into the nose.

In order for the antibacterial drops to get as deep as possible into the nose and into the inflamed maxillary sinuses, the head must be thrown back during instillation.

The most effective local antibiotics For sinusitis, nasal drops Bioparox and Isofra and Polydex spray are considered. The doctor will tell you which medications to use.

If antibiotic drops do not help, you need to choose a stronger drug and start taking it orally.

Antibiotics taken orally to treat inflammation of the maxillary sinuses

If the patient’s temperature is above 38 degrees, nasal breathing is impaired, there is reason to assume that sinusitis becomes purulent, antibacterial drops alone will be ineffective. The doctor will prescribe antibiotics in capsules or tablets for adults, syrups or suspensions for children. The best antibiotic for sinusitis is the drug to which pathogenic microorganisms are sensitive. A bacterial culture and analysis of an antibiotic history will help determine it (the doctor finds out what antibacterial drugs the patient was treated with previously).

For sinusitis, you will need to take broad-spectrum antibiotics, active substance in which he performs:

cefixime (the trade name of the drug can be: Pancef, Suprax, Ceforal
Solutab);
amoxicillin (Amoxicillin, Hiconcil, etc.);
amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (Amoxiclav, Augmentin, etc.);
azithromycin (Azithromycin, Zitrolide, Sumamed, Ecomed, others);
erythromycin (Erythromycin);
ofloxacin (Ofloxacin, Zanotsin, Ofloxin, others);
ciprofloxacin (Ciprofloxacin, Tsipromed; Ecotsifol, others).

Sometimes the course of antibiotic therapy needs to be adjusted. If on the second or third day of taking the antibiotic the temperature does not drop, the condition does not improve or worsens, the drug should be replaced.

Antibacterial drugs should be taken strictly according to the instructions, without exceeding or reducing the dose, following the recommendations for food intake. To maintain optimal concentrations of the drug in the blood, you need to respect the timing of taking antibiotics.

As soon as the titer of pathogenic microbes decreases, the temperature begins to subside and the symptoms of the disease subside. After this, it is recommended to take the antibacterial drug for another day or two to consolidate the result.

Drops and oral antibiotics can be used to treat sinusitis.

During sinusitis, there is no need to avoid treatment with antibacterial agents. Modern drugs have minimal negative effects on the body if taken correctly. But you will be able to recover quickly and for sure.

According to statistics, one of the most common types of sinusitis is sinusitis - an inflammatory process, the development of which is localized in the body of the maxillary bone, namely in the paired paranasal sinus. There are many causes of the disease (from acute infectious diseases and significant hypothermia before exacerbation chronic periodontitis), and here clinical picture manifestations are of the same type and combine several characteristics at once:

headaches radiating to the frontal and temporal lobe when bending;
temperature increase (sometimes to critical values);
difficulty breathing, purulent nasal discharge;
chills;
slight swelling in the cheek area (lower eyelid).

If you notice several symptoms at the same time in a sick person, you should immediately seek help from the nearest medical facility.

A competent specialist after examination and confirmation of diagnosis additional examinations(with a smear and x-ray) will prescribe appropriate treatment, the regimen of which will necessarily include antibiotics for sinusitis.

You should not avoid visiting a doctor, since the type of drug recommended for use depends on professional diagnosis.

Treatment options for sinusitis with antibiotics

You should know that the development of the disease can be stimulated by:

viruses;
bacteria;
allergic reactions;
fungal infections.

In the last two cases, the use of antibiotics is absolutely ineffective, since these drugs have the property of suppressing the development only in certain types microorganisms.

To fight viruses and bacteria there are special groups drugs commonly called beta-lactams. Among them:

Penicillins have low toxicity and occupy a leading position in the treatment of sinusitis.
Cephalosporins are used in the absence of effectiveness from the use of other medications.

In addition to the above medications, the doctor may prescribe a medicine from among macrolides (if allergic reactions to penicillin are detected in the patient) or fluoroquinols (this type of antibiotic has no analogue in nature, and most of strains of infectious pathogens are unstable to its action).

Treatment options may change as the patient is monitored. This is most often associated with the detection of virus (bacteria) resistance to a particular drug or with the individual characteristics of the sick person.

Means to combat the disease

Antibiotics used for sinusitis are available in various forms:

in blisters;
in injections for intramuscular administration;
in sprays and drops.

Pharmacy chains offer a huge selection of drugs in any of these formats, both those already familiar to consumers and new products from modern production.

You cannot purchase medication on your own; you should remember that only the attending physician can choose the best antibiotic for sinusitis. When purchasing products for children, it is strictly forbidden to rely on recommendations given in a medical clinic to an adult patient.

Antibiotics for sinusitis, sold in tablets

The widest range of drugs today is represented by antimicrobial and antibacterial agents in tablet form. Of course, a medical professional will advise which antibiotics to take for sinusitis, but, most likely, the medicine prescribed by him will be from the list below.

The most common tablets that help with sinus disease include:

Injections

The answer to the question of what antibiotics are prescribed for sinusitis for intramuscular administration is also ambiguous. The range of drugs includes Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin, Amoxiclav. All these medications are used for inflammatory processes characterized by severe disease. The course of injections does not exceed 7 days, and can be extended only in exceptional cases.

Despite numerous studies, the statement about which antibiotic is better - in tablets or administered intramuscularly - remains controversial to this day.

Injections, unlike pills, have virtually no effect on the gastrointestinal tract, but they also have a number of contraindications and side effects.

After a course of injections, the doctor may additionally prescribe pills to maintain the therapeutic effect.

Sprays and drops

A convenient, painless administration process and rapid delivery of the drug to the site of infection are the advantages that distinguish the above forms of drugs from capsules and injections.

Most medical experts believe that sprays are indeed good means for treatment initial stage sinus diseases.

Drops containing antibiotics for sinusitis in adults are prescribed for a period of 7 days, with the number of applications from 3 to 6 times a day (the exact number of sprays should be specified in the instructions for the drug).

The most common sprays are:

Bioparox - characterized by deep penetration into tissues, used for therapy for bacterial and fungal forms of the disease (course of treatment - 1 week);
Isofra - a drug helps to cure a number of diseases, but can cause an undesirable reaction of the body, manifested in the form of allergies (the period of use is similar to the previous drug).

Among the frequently prescribed drops are Garazon, Sofradex.

Medicines for children

Inflammatory processes in the maxillary sinus occur not only in adults, but also in children. The causes of the disease are allergic reactions and complications after rhinitis.

What antibiotics are prescribed for sinusitis in children? Most often, recipes contain names such as Amoxicillin (or Flemoxin Solutab), Cefuroxime.

The annotation for the drugs separately indicates the dosage for small patients:

The amount of antibiotic Amoxicillin for children under 2 years of age is 20 mg/kg ( daily dose). A single dose for children up to 5 years old - 125 milligrams, up to 10 years old - 250 mg, the interval from the previous use of the drug to the next is 8 hours.
Cefuroxime is prescribed from 30 to 100 milligrams per 1 kilogram of the child’s body weight. The dose is divided into 3-4 doses. For newborns and babies up to three months of age, the minimum above amount of the substance is divided into 2-3 times.
Flemoxim Solutab for children under one year of age is prescribed from 30 milligrams per 1 kg of weight to 60 mg (the dose is divided into several doses over 24 hours). A suspension is used to treat the youngest.

The main condition for drops and sprays is that the course lasts no more than 3–4 days.

Side effects

As a rule, antibiotics prescribed for sinusitis in adults reduce the symptoms of the disease very quickly, and complete cure occurs in 5, maximum 7 days.

But despite their high effectiveness, all antibacterial and antimicrobial drugs without exception have side effects, which can be found out either at an appointment with a specialist or by carefully studying the instructions for the drug.

About the appearance of symptoms of the negative effects of the antibiotic on the body (such as swelling of the face and throat, dizziness, rash on skin, fainting, disruption of the gastrointestinal tract - diarrhea, vomiting), you should immediately inform your doctor. If the condition worsens, it is recommended to immediately contact the “03” service.

When taking antibiotics orally (or receiving a course of injections), a number of general rules must be followed:

be sure to follow all advice from a medical professional;
do not cancel treatment for sinusitis on your own, even if your general condition has improved significantly;
in order to prevent dysbacteriosis, take drugs that stabilize the microflora;
do not drink alcohol.

All patients, without exception, should warn the attending physician about the presence of a history of sinus inflammation, as well as about medications used during previous therapy.

It is necessary to adhere to this recommendation so that a specialist, when drawing up a treatment regimen for a patient, can determine which antibiotics to take for sinusitis, and isolate from the general list drugs to which resistance may be detected.

Pregnant or lactating women should inform the doctor about their situation during the first appointment in order to receive therapy that is as safe as possible for the child.

When diagnosing sinusitis, you should not refuse to take antibiotics, since self-medication or attempts to achieve recovery without antimicrobial drugs will only provoke a deterioration in the general condition and transfer the disease to the chronic stage.

A progressive disease can cause hearing loss, or - even worse - inflammation of the brain, which can be fatal.