Lion Pevzner - TRIZ for "kettles". Technical contradictions. TRIZ. contradiction

For example: The system must have a property A to perform useful feature, and should have a property not, not to perform harmful.

Resolution of contradictions in inventiveness - a way to improve the existing technical system (in a sense is an "engine of evolution" of technical systems). TRIZ argues that any high-quality step in development is the result of overcoming any contradiction.

Ingenuate thinking man Reviews contradictions as soon as they arise, without making attempts to get away from them. Instead, he exacerbates them and comes to a solution. Traditionally, a thinking person tries to find compromises, one improves at the expense of another and can go to a dead end. Thus, the ability to balance between contradictory requirements, but not smoothing contradictions, seeking their permission - a kind of art.

On page89 "Algorithm of the Invention", 1973, an example of the emergence of a contradiction from the mills from "Capital" K. Marx: "Increasing the size of the working machine and its number of simultaneously acting tools requires a larger motor mechanism ... an attempt was made to move ... Two posts (two pairs of millstones) by means of one water wheel. But the increase in the size of the transfer mechanism has entered the conflict with insufficient water power ... ". GSA explains this as an attempt to improve (?) One properties of the machine with its inevitable conflict with another property. A clear fit for postulates of his theory is visible. In fact, the text of the example does not speak about the "improvement" of something, there is only a specific increase in the requirements for the machine, which technically cannot be provided. And the reason impracting an increase in the number of existing guns (A, which means, performance) is the insufficient energy force of water. Formulation of contradictions as interconnected "Improvement - the deterioration of the parts of the machine with giving it (contradiction) of the quality" inventive "problem in the root is erroneous and does not have such a goal as a qualitative change in technology. Moreover, even a successful solution of such tasks does not guarantee the acquisition of the main thing for which the allegedly intended TRIZ - inventions ("The invention is a development technical system": P. 31" Creativity as an accurate science ", 2004). And only because in TRIZ "The invention is not an end in itself, it is necessary to solve this or that practical task" (p.221 "The algorithm of the invention", 1973). What then the "impractical" task sets TRIZ in front of him and decides? It is known that in TRIZ even there is no partition on the creation of inventions, although it is argued that it can create them. Whatever the task, the "inventive" or the other, in TRIZ, a clear primacy of "wild", beautiful, alogichic, etc. was established in TRIZ. solutions. At the same time, they will be embodied in the invention, there are no interest for TRIZ, this is all practice, and she has the main thing - the "inventive" height of decisions.

The nature of the classical contradiction was studied and described Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831). For the objects of technology in opposition, a quantitative increase in some quality is coming, for which it is created, and the exhaustion of technical resources of its security. They form a contradictory state: one causes the second, and The second excludes the first. They are the classical primary opposites. The construction of opposed parties is due to the action of the law of transition of quantitative changes to high-quality and back. The first part of the law is responsible for the emergence of contradiction, the second - for its permission. Everyworthy structures of the opposites come into devastating collisions due to the "short circuit". The urgency (real, field, structural) provides and maintains the deployment of the contradictions. Proton and electron - qualitative opposites And the elements of the substance form the mediating of the field atomic type: the electron rotates around the proton. There is a way of interaction eliminating the "short circuit" and mutual destruction. It provides a proton system - an electron stable strength and possibility of quantitative changes: the increase in the number of electrons and protons is the main principle of education of new chemical elements and substances. The opposites of various fields (thermal, electrical, magnetic, and so on) form a real form of indirectness: magnetic fluid, thermal insulators, rheological fluid and TP, where similarity is observed for a number of features and properties with opposites. They form a point of convergence and identifying qualitative opposites, their modification.

Galileo Galilee has long found that "it is impossible to win in one, without replacing it with something else"! This corresponds to the "golden rule of mechanics" or the law of energy conservation. G.S. Alshuller put forward the thesis on the relationship of typical "technical contradictions" and the typical techniques of their elimination. However, in the table developed by it, 1250 typical "technical contradictions" accounts for only 125 typical techniques, and for each "technical contradiction" is offered to four completely Different typical techniques. This confirms that there is no causal relationship between them. There is no heuristic. The reason is that the connection of "improvement with deterioration" is not a contradiction, the more technical. The specimens of this tool turned out to be zero, as not evidence.

Similar development

Formulation of contradictions as interconnected "Improvement - the deterioration of the parts of the machine with giving it (contradiction) of the quality" inventive "problem in the root is erroneous and does not have such a goal as a qualitative change in technology. Moreover, even a successful solution of such tasks does not guarantee the maintenance of the main thing, for which it is allegedly intended TRIZ, - inventions ("The invention is the development of the technical system": p. 31 "Creativity as an exact science", 2004). And only because in TRIZ "The invention is not an end in itself, it is necessary to solve this or that practical task" (p.221 "The algorithm of the invention", 1973). What then the "impractical" task sets TRIZ in front of him and decides? It is known that in TRIZ even there is no partition on the creation of inventions, although it is argued that it can create them. Whatever the task, the "inventive" or the other, in TRIZ, a clear primacy of "wild", beautiful, alogichic, etc. was established in TRIZ. solutions. At the same time, they will be embodied in the invention, there is no interest for TRIZ, this is all practice, and she has the main thing - the "inventive" height of decisions.

Examples

... Pre-election campaign. In order for the candidate to voted, it would be nice that voters would read him or her autobiographical book. But the voters will not read such a thick book ...

... Production of glass: The molten mass moves along the roller conveyor and thus sides. The rollers must be small to make the glass smooth, and the rollers should be large for the conveyor to be in operation ...

... System Programming: The program should be able to access any RAM volume, but at the same time it should work on computers with a limited volume. random access memory…

... History: In 800, the coronation of Charles Great happened. According to the ritual, the crown of Karl was supposed to be Pope. Before Carl, there was a hard task. On the one hand, the coronation was needed to strengthen the power, so it must be held "in all form." On the other hand, it was completely unacceptable from political considerations so that the Pope coronates Charles, because it turned out that dad is above the emperor: since Dad gave the crown, he can ever pick it up. Originated difficult situation: Karl must be crowned with Pope Roman to observe the ritual, and should not not be dependent on the clergy. Karl the Great found the original way out: at the time of the coronation, he grabbed the crown from the hands of Pope and waded her himself.

Sources and notes

Links

Petrov B. Concept of contradictions. - Petrov V. Basics of TRIZ
A brief methodology for building "Tree of contradictions" (c) Vissarion Grigorievich Sibiryakov, "Diol", 2001.
Consolidated file © Altshuller G. S., 1980\u003e Military equipment develops especially rapidly and is applied in particularly difficult conditions. Therefore, in military equipment you can find bright examples Technical contradictions and interesting techniques of their overcoming ...
Classification of misfortunes, or typical contradictions in task models. © Altshuller G. S., Magazine "Technique and Science", 1981, No. 7. - p.19.
"Admission resolution of contradictions in natural and organizational systems." Sibiryakov V. G., Semenova L. N.
"Invention in business or development through contradictions"
"Regarding contradiction" Mao Zedong (August 1937)

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

7.05.2001

Contradictions from the position of TRIZ

The task of the previous newsletter on the sale of the apartment caused you to have the biggest difficulties for all time. There is nothing surprising here. This is not an educational, but the real task that I happened to solve in my practice. It is possible that it was premature to give it, but I wanted to show you the difference between the real task and the task of the study.
The fact is that the ability to solve learning tasks does not mean the ability to solve real practical tasks. But, without learning to solve the training, it is useless to be taken for real.

What is the difference between educational and real tasks?
The most important difference is that when setting a learning task, its condition has to be given in the form in which it makes sense as a training. What is meant here. First of all, that it is more specific. The task is given in the ready-to-solve form. It should not be reformulated. And this greatly simplifies its decision. It is known that proper statement Tasks are half its solutions.
Practices dealing with solving real objectives know which distance exists between training and real tasks. On the example of the task of selling the apartment, I wanted to show you this distance.

From those proposals that you were sent, I would have allocated only one.
It was suggested to use fake "buyers" who would call the seller and outraged about the price he requested for his apartment. Such psychological processing, of course, will have a result, and the seller will quickly come to the decision to reduce the price. In principle, this is a good idea. But she is still far from IKR. And time, and the forces will have to spend it, and the client as a result of the other company can appeal. There are no shortcomings in this decision. But this is the best that you were offered.

It is clear that it is not interesting to disclose your solutions in a broad newsletter. Solving some such tasks I show on my seminars. I can only say that my decision makes it possible to agree on a normal market price of an apartment with 90% of customers when they are first visited to the office of the company. If someone will send me an idea of \u200b\u200bsuch a decision, then in my answer, I will inform you that the decision was found.

And now the promised chapter on contradictions from the book G.S. Altshuller "Creativity as an accurate science."

Contradictions Administrative, technical, physical

Compare two inventions. The first: "The method of determining the parameters inaccessible to direct observation (for example, wear resistance), based on indirect control, characterized in that in order to increase the accuracy of determining the desired parameters based on the results of indirect control, the products in the pair (series) on the principle of proximity of the measured parameters in one The sample from each pair (series), determine the desired parameter, destroying the product, and distribute the result to the remaining products of this pair (series) (or. n 188 097). To check the products, it is proposed a very simple solution: break half of products and Look ... True, there is a contradiction: what most We break products, the more reliably we can judge the remaining. The second invention: "The method of control and defectoscopy of the same type of products having hidden defects, for example, in the form of emptiness or foreign inclusions, characterized in that in order to simplify the control process, the product is placed in a bath with electrically conductive liquid, passed through it electricityand then affect liquid magnetic field To change its apparent density before reaching an indifferent position in it, good products, and the presence of defects are determined by the change in the position of the bathtub "(a. p. N 286 318). Very similar task, but there is no contradiction - tests are carried out without breaking Products. The original reception is used: with the help of the interaction of electrical and magnetic fields, the liquid is caused by how to change its density, which makes the product placed in the liquid sinking or pops up (depending on the presence or absence of defects).

Inventive tasks are often confused with technical, engineering, design tasks. Build a plain house, having ready-made drawings and calculations, - Technical task. Calculate the usual bridge using ready formulas- Engineering task. Design a convenient and cheap bus, finding a compromise between "convenient" and "cheap" - the task is design. When solving these tasks, it is not necessary to overcome contradictions. The task becomes inventive only if it is necessary to overcome the contradiction.

We do not encounter contradictions and when solving the tasks of the first level. Strictly speaking, these are design tasks, and not inventive. A legal understanding of the term "invention" does not coincide with understanding, so to speak, technical, creative. Apparently, over time, the legal status of the invention will be somewhat changed, and simple design solutions will cease to be considered inventions. In order to avoid confusion, we will still use the phrase "inventive task of the first level", remembering, however, that the true inventive tasks of the second and higher levels are necessarily associated with overcoming contradictions.

In the very fact of the inventive task, there is already a contradiction: you need to do something, and how to do it is unknown. Such contradictions are customary to be called administrative (AP). To identify administrative contradictions is not necessary, they lie on the surface of the task. But the heuristic, "prompting" force of such contradictions is zero: they do not say, in which direction it is necessary to look for a solution.

In the depths of administrative contradictions, technical contradictions are (TP): if it is known to improve one part (or one parameter) of the technical system, the other part (or another parameter) worsens unacceptably. Technical contradictions are often indicated in the conditions of the problem, but as often often the original formulation of TP requires a serious adjustment. But properly formulated TP has a certain heuristic value. True, the formulation of TP does not specify a specific answer. But it allows you to immediately drop a lot of "empty" options: obviously do not suit all the options in which the winnings in one property is accompanied by loss in the other.

Each TP is due to specific physical reasons. Take for example such task:

A task

When polishing optical glasses, it is necessary under the polishing channel (it is made of resin) to supply the coolant. Tried to do through holes and various pores for supplying liquid, but the "holey" surface of the polished surface works worse than solid. How to be?

The technical contradiction here is already indicated: the cooling ability of the "holey" polisher is enters into conflict with its ability to polish glass. What is the cause of the conflict? "Hole" well passes the cooling fluid, but, of course, can not cut the glass particles. Solid polished areas, on the contrary, are able to skip the glass particles, but not able to pass water. Consequently, the surface of the polishing unit must be solid to skip the glass particles, and the "empty" to skip the coolant. This is a physical contradiction (FP): to the same part of the system there are interconfted requirements.

In physical contradictions, the collision of conflicting requirements is extremely aggravated. Therefore, at first glance, the FP seems absurd, obviously insoluble. How to make the entire surface of the polishing station be a solid "hole" and at the same time with a solid solid body?! But in this, in bringing the contradiction to the extreme, and the heuristic power of FP is manifested. Since the same part of the substance cannot be in two different states, it remains to dissolve, disconnect the contradictory properties with simple physical transformations. You can, for example, divide them in space: Let the object consists of two parts with different properties. You can divide contradictory properties in time: let the object alternately possess one property, then the other. You can use transitional states of the substance under which something like the coexistence of opposite properties occurs. If, for example, the polishing is made from ice with the abrasive particles enclosed into it, the ice when polishing will melt, providing the desired combination of properties: the polishing surface remains solid and at the same time through it everywhere, how cold water passes. As you can see, my explanations of the essence of the contradiction are practically no different from those with whom you just got acquainted. Difference in some names. What I called opposites here is called technical contradiction (TP), and a formal-logical contradiction - a physical contradiction (FP). When solving technical tasks, such names are more convenient. But the name is not important. Practice shows that an understanding of the essence of the contradiction is not just given, and my explanations had a goal to facilitate this understanding.

Now another task (training). Its solution is on the site. An example of this problem will soon be useful to us to explain the subsequent materials.

Task on a plumbing pipe

You have dug up the pipeline site in the country. Suppose you need to determine which way water flows through the pipe.
How to do it?

Before the next meeting.

Publication date: 11/03/2010

Unlike an ordinary understanding of contradiction as a conflict between the desires of man and the real situation, several types of contradictions are identified and concretized in TRIZ, the main of which are technical and physical.
Traditional methods Designs provide for the search for a compromise between the requirements for various parts Designed system, i.e. Focused on smoothing emerging contradictions. With the improvement of one parameter of the system, others are usually deteriorating - in this case, the optimal solution is selected.
If the high-speed aircraft has small wings, then for take-off and landing it requires a long strip. Therefore, designers seek to compromise and develop wings providing optimal value Speed \u200b\u200bat which the band still retains acceptable dimensions.
TRIZ recommends, on the contrary, it is extremely aggravated by a contradiction, which allows you to find a strong solution.
The wing with a variable geometry can become small at height and large during take-off and landing the aircraft. At an altitude, such an aircraft has a high speed, and for planting it does not need a special long strip (Fig. 1).

Technical contradiction - the situation where the improvement of one operational parameter of the system leads to an unacceptable deterioration in the other.
It is the study of examples of strong inventions in the patent fund and made it possible to identify a number of special techniques for the resolution of technical contradictions. Takes indicate only the general direction of transformations, directing the inventor to the area of \u200b\u200bstrong ideas. Specific solutions can be found by analogy with a reception or an example, illustrating it. The same technique can be used to solve problems from completely different regions of technology.
Here are two examples of solving problems of hydraulic engineering and engines.

Engine running

Engine running - An important operation of its manufacture. The engine is started without load, and all its rubber parts begin to take care, to be worked out to each other. This process is quite long and requires a significant fuel consumption. How to accelerate the percentage of rubbing parts when running the engine?
Solve such a task, not knowing special techniques, is quite difficult. Use of receiving the resolution of technical contradictions "Apply harm in favor" gives a powerful tip to solve this problem. Reception recommends:
a) use harmful factors (in particular, harmful effects media) to obtain a positive effect,
b) eliminate the harmful factor due to addition with another harmful factor,
c) strengthen the harmful factor to such an extent that it ceases to be harmful.
The decision corresponding to the recommendation of the point A: the parting of parts is accelerated several times, if not purified air into the engine, but dusty.

Reducing the stream energy

The flow of water racing from the mountain has a huge devastating force. It can damage hydraulic structures. How to reduce stream energy?
Here you can apply the same admission to "apply harm in favor."
Using the recommendation of paragraph B, received the following solution: The stream channel is divided into several sleeves that send towards each other (Fig. 4.59). Flows face and quench each other's energy.

For the convenience of highlighting and resolving technical contradictions G.S. Altshuller was developed a table of resolution of technical contradictions. It is organized as follows (Fig. 2).
The vertical is located typical parameters that, by the task condition, must be improved. Horizontally - parameters that are unacceptable deteriorate. At the intersection of rows and columns of the table, the numbers of the receptions allowing the most likely to eliminate the technical contradiction arising between the improved and deteriorating parameters. To build this table G.S. Altshuller used 40 most effective techniques Permissions of technical contradictions.
The preliminary concepts of solutions can be obtained without using the contradiction table. To do this, it is necessary to consistently analyze the possibility of using each of the 40 receptions. Each inventor gradually complains a list of its most frequently used techniques.
The practical application of techniques for the resolution of technical contradictions has the following feature: the recommendations described in each of the techniques should not be understood literally. The greatest effect is achieved if they are perceived as a hint, the source material for reflection.

Fig.2. Configuration Resolution Table, Designed by G.S. Altshulller

For example, reception 25: Change coloring. If you understand this recommendation literally, the field of action is dramatically narrowed. If you interpret this technique as a change in surface properties in general, then the possibility of obtaining new ideas is immeasurably grow. IN this case We can talk about changing the optical properties of the surface, its roughness, temperature, about drawing some additional substance, etc.

The physical contradiction is a situation in which mutually exclusive in its part of the technical system or part of its part is presented physical sense Requirements.
Unlike the technical physical contradiction, it does not arise between the parameters of the technical system, but describes the contradictory requirements for one element or, even some part of it. The physical contradiction is formulated as follows: "To meet the requirements of the task, this zone must have the" x "property (for example, be moving) to perform some function and have the" non-x "property (for example, be fixed)."

An example of a physical contradiction: the windshield of the car must be solid, hard to resist the oncoming air flow, and should be flexible, elastic, so as not to damage the driver during destruction. Such a contradiction is allowed to use triplex glass when the inner soft layer is located between two outer glasses.
The main techniques of the permission of physical contradictions:
1. If the element requires the manifestation of opposite properties at the same time, then such a contradiction is permitted by the separation of these properties in space.
2. If the element requires the manifestation of opposite properties in the same place, then such a contradiction is permitted by the separation of these properties in time.
3. If the element requires the manifestation of opposite properties at the same time and in the same place, then such a contradiction is permitted in the overseystem.

Perekrestok

How is the road movement, for example, the passage of crossroads? If you do not comply with any rules, then all cars will try to drive a crossroad at the same time. This also applies to those cars that should go first (for example, ambulance).
At the same time, the collision is inevitable, because a physical contradiction arises: two or more cars are trying to be in the same place of space at the same time.

One road is located above another. Cars cross the intersection at different levels and do not interfere with each other (Fig. 3).

A traffic light is used. Cars pass the intersection in accordance with the traffic light.

Special machines with enabled signals, such as ambulance, have the right of priority crossroads. This order is set in the oversystem, determined by special rules. road And acts on all roads.

Display

The screen of any display is made up of a plurality of smallest squares - pixels. The image is obtained due to the fact that each pixel can become lighter, then darker and generate the light of any desired color. To get a moving picture, image frames on the screen are changing 24 times per second, brightness and color of pixels must vary with the same frequency.
Thus, for a color display, the following contradiction occurs: the pixel color must constantly change, while the technical restrictions allow you to get a pixel of only one color.
How is this contradiction been allowed in space?
The pixel is divided into a number of subpixels, in the minimum case - to three, each of which gives only one color - or red, or green, or blue. These are the main colors of the spectrum, and their mixing in certain proportions is perceived by the eye as the desired color (Fig. 4, a). It complies with the rule: "One shown frame is one light pulse."

How is this contradiction in time?
SAMSUNG specialists have developed a special technology of the liquid crystal screen, called UFS, which can be decrypted as a "display of very high image quality". According to this technology, you do not need to share a pixel for three pickels. The required brightness and color of the pixel are provided by setting the backlight of the liquid crystal filter of the three lights of the backlight: red, green and blue, which blink alternately many times during one frame of the image (Fig. 4, b). Next, the formation of the desired color is controlled by a liquid crystalline filter, which can open the window before the pixel.
If you need to show a red point, the filter opens the pixel only when the red lamp flashes, and keeps closed when blue and green flashes. To obtain white colorThe pixel remains open to all the time of displaying one image frame. Managing the number of ripples different colors, You can get any desired pixel color.
It complies with the rule: "One shown frame is a lot of light pulses."
How is this contradiction been allowed in the oversystem?
Since the pixel size is limited, then to increase the definition of the image, you need to increase the number of pixels on the display screen, and the screen itself will move away from the observer. Then the visible pixel size will be less.
One of possible solutions - The use of the principles laid down in Seamless Technology, in accordance with which several screens of ordinary size and permission are combined into one large high-definition super-screen. Since the pixel size is saved by the same, and the screen size increases, the clarity of the image for the observer increases (Fig. 4, B).

Skiing

Skiing at first glance is quite simple. The skier is repelled by one foot and slides, then repels another foot and slides again. In this case, the following contradiction occurs:

To slide well, it is necessary that the friction of the ski surface of the snow was low.
So that the skier can be repelled, the ski surface must have a good grip with a skiing.

How is this contradiction been allowed in space?
Modern cross-country skiing have a deflection in the middle part. When a person is just worth skiing, part of the skis beneath the leg does not touch the snow (Fig. 5, a). The middle part of the ski is covered with a wax-based lubricant, which has braking properties, and the beginning and end of the skis are soaked with fatty lubricant, which provides good slide.
Then, when you push, when the middle part of the skis is pressed to the snow, it is inhibited, and with a free slide, it lifts and ski concerns snow only in places that are covered with "slippery" lubricant.
How is this contradiction in time?
When ski slides, it has a small resistance when the skier is repelled - great.
One of the designs - ski, upholstered by Kamus - Fur with the inclined arrangement of the pile. Such ski slides well, but does not slip back when repulsion or moved to the mountain.
Such effect can be obtained using a phenomenon open by V. Petrenko. If the sliding surface of the ski fasten the thin electrodes and submit a small one negative chargeThe slide is noticeably improved. If the charge is positive, the combression of skis with snow sharply increases (Fig. 5, b). Skier You need to wear a light battery and control device on the belt, and skiing pressure sensors. When the device is jolting, the device must be put on a ski positive charge, with a slide - negative.
How is this contradiction been allowed in the oversystem?
Make skis moving, not pushing out, you can, if you just ride a slide. You can use some tug and move behind a motorcycle or snowmobile, a kite or parachute, use a horse or a dog, etc.

Selection and resolution of contradictions - a very strong solution tool inventive tasks. It gives the opportunity to not smooth out problems, but, on the contrary, to exacerbate them extremely and resolve, eliminating unwanted effects in the situation.

Literature:

1. Altshuller GS Find an idea. - Novosibirsk: Science, 1986.

2. Pentti content. Skiing is an excellent example for TRIZ.
http://www.gnrtr.com/prblems/ru/p08.html.

4. Viktor Petrenko: Electricity will remove the ice from the road and accelerate the skis. // Website Membrane.

Gin Anatoly, Franklah Grigory

The basic concepts of TRIZ.

Any task can be called inventive, if it is necessary to resolve the contradiction. Three types of contradictions are distinguished in TRIZ: administrative, technical and physical. The administrative contradiction occurs when it is necessary to do something, but it is not known what way.

EXAMPLE
It is necessary to increase the accuracy of the processing of any part, but how? Whether to pay additionally workers for increasing accuracy, whether to use a more perfect machine, whether to change the processing technology in general.

Overcoming administrative contradictions in any way, faced with a contradiction of technical.

EXAMPLE
Suppose they decided to increase the aircraft speed and for this they put powerful engines on it. But the wings can not tear off the ground the aircraft. We decided to increase the wings, but the increased windshield resistance was reduced almost no power of new engines.

Technical contradiction is a conflict within the technical system between its parameters, nodes, details.

When specifying the problem, the technical contradiction is replaced by physical.

The physical contradiction occurs between the parameters of the technical system in any one element or even its parts.

EXAMPLE
For the above task with an airplane, the physical contradiction for the wing sounds like this:
There must be a small wing,
Not to create windshield and not reduce the aircraft speeds and
There must be a big wing,
To tear off the plane from the ground.

Physical contradictions in the simplest cases can be resolved by dividing contradictory requirements in time and in space, sometimes phase transitions and other physical effects are used.

For example, the resolution of the contradiction in time: during the flight the wing is small, and during the take-off and landing - a large (wing with a variable geometry).

To consolidate the material, consider another example. On the toy factory decided to master the novelty - flying karlson doll. But how to make a doll quite aesthetic and make her fly - it is not clear (this is an administrative contradiction).

As a result of the permission of the administrative contradiction, they came to the technical contradiction: if the doll has a big screw, then it flies, but the appearance of her terrible is not Carlson, and a windmill. If the screw is small, then the look is beautiful, but the doll is refused to fly.

The physical contradiction in this case can be formulated as follows: the screw must be more so that the doll flew, and the screw should be small to be aesthetic. This contradiction is quite easily resolved: in the "calm" state of the blade of the screw rolled into the roll, but during rotation they unfold by the centrifugal force and become big.

Help prepared A. Gin and G. Franklah

TRIZ for "kettles"

Technical contradictions

Lev Khathevich Pevzner

Editor Nadezhda Stanislavovna Sotnikova

ISBN 978-5-4485-7523-5

Created in the Intellectual Publishing System Ridero

Introduction

I met TRIZ in 1982 at a seminar, which was carried out by G. S. Altshull, V. M. Petrov and V. M. Gerasimov. After a month of study, it seemed to us that we were all complaints that we were able to solve any tasks. But reality quickly landed us. The tasks for some reason were not solved. What seemed like a panacea, did not "tremble" our specific diagnoses.

Later I understood - nothing unexpected happened. The most good violin does not sound without violinist, and even the super-modern aircraft does not make the "top pilot" figures. So from TRIZ is a strong tool, but only in the hands of professionals. And a professional can be only after 5-10 years dense work With all TRIZ tools. There were several dozens of such specialists in the USSR, and now there are few more. But everyone is able to solve almost any inventive task.

It was especially impressive on training seminars on orders of enterprises. An unprepared person is difficult to believe that TRIZ professionals can solve the problem for an hour over which the group of engineers fought for several months or even years. Engineers of enterprises met us always with great distrust, especially at such strong enterprises as NGMK or Uralmash. All that we have shown them in the first days caused distrust: I understand, everything is prepared here, so it turns out, but try to solve the real task.

Immediately we did not agree, because to create tension - need a pause. But on the third day of the seminar, we offered to give any practical task facing the enterprise. All the listeners became clear that the workpiece could not be, and the whole group with gloating was waiting for a deafening failure. After all, the task that has demanded several years of work best specialists Enterprises and on which they had a "control response" could not be solved by a person from the side, and even during the hour and a half. And here it was impossible to fail! But we did not fail. As a rule, there was always a solution that was often much more spectacular than the "control response" prepared by the customers. It's hard to believe that it is possible, but it is so! Therefore, after such "demonstration performances", contact with the group was very quick. So it was in all my seminars. The exception was a seminar in Norilsk, where I as part of the B. Glotina team participated in the training of three groups of engineers at once. I must say that the engineering body of the NGMK was the strongest of all, with whom I had to work. These were young and very smart guys. They quickly realized that we really know how to solve the tasks and ... began to actively exploit us! For this seminar, we decided for each group of our listeners to 10-12 real production problems. This, of course, was included in the cost of the seminar and, I am sure, the plant returned all his seminar costs only at the expense of these decisions.

The main problem of TRIZ is that this strong tool is not very easy to learn and use. Therefore, even listening to a serious course of TRIZ, engineers cannot immediately apply it. It was this that prevented the rapid spread of TRIZ, because the ordinary engineer does not have time for mastering new skills. How to resolve this problem - make a strong tool available to a wide circle of engineers? After all, I often had seminars of only 12 to 40 hours, which is clearly not enough. How to convince an ordinary engineer that TRIZ is effective? How to give him a tool so that he could immediately use it?

I loved learning in the form of a conversation with listeners when I just told the basic TRIZ tools, illustrating all examples from my practice, jokes and jokes. It's easier to understand the material and take it (after all, as they say, "in every joke there is only a joke, and everything else is true"). And at the same time asked the listeners to try immediately apply the stated material to their production problems and discussed their problems and tasks with them.

In this book, we will look at 20 main techniques to eliminate technical contradictions that I chose as the most efficient and frequently used. On the basis of more than 30 years of experience, I excluded some of the techniques that are rarely used, and part of the receptions regrouped and combined for the convenience of work.

Unlike traditional presentation of techniques, I will describe each of them in detail in detail, and I will also talk about the typical applications of these techniques, supporting each item by an example (task-analogue). This will allow you, reader, see both general analogies (techniques) and more specific analogies, which means find more interesting decisions.

In this book, two tools will be outlined - the algorithm for detecting contradictions and techniques.

Understanding the inventive task as contradictions in the system allows you to quickly choose the solution method, and often and solve it immediately without attracting special TRIZ tools. And the use of techniques to eliminate technical contradictions often suggests the analogies that can cause a solution. These materials, from my point of view, allow you to quickly go to practical use TRIZ. These tools are available to ordinary engineers who have overall technical training, minimal knowledge and experience with TRIZ tools. To work, it is enough just to read the outlined material and try on its problems.

Chapter 1. Basic Terms and Definitions

Actually, the TRIZ Tool Complex is based on two basic philosophical mines:

1. The whole material world develops according to the objective laws of dialectics, and technique, as part of the material world obeys these laws.

2. The laws of development of technology are objective - they can be learned and consciously use for the development of technology.

Example-joke

Apply to Odessa

- Tell me if I go through this street there, will the station at the end?

- You know, he will be there, even if you do not go there.

Fig. 1. You know, he will be there, even if you don't go there

Of these two provisions, it is very important consequences:

- if there are common patterns of development of technology, which means there are general approaches to solving the inventive tasks in various fields of science and technology; These patterns can be revealed and use;

- Based on the general philosophical approaches, specific patterns can be developed (up to receptions, microstandards), allowing to predict the development of technology in different fields, based on common patterns identified in one of them.

What is the right task correctly?

From the main provisions of TRI, it follows that the development of technology is on the path of development, exacerbation and resolution of contradictions, based on the basic law of dialectics - the law of unity and the struggle of opposites. Therefore, in the development of equipment and solving tasks, it is primarily to identify a contradiction that prevents the development of a technical system or solving the inventive task.

They say that to correctly put the task - half to solve it. The technique to correctly put the task is to identify a key technical contradiction from the overall inventive situation, which prevents the development of the system or solve the problem.

The fact is that the tasks that are put before the inventors, strictly speaking, are not technical tasks. As a rule, we are not even with the task, but with the inventive situation.

Inventive situation - This is how we see the problem outwardly. And although often, it seems that the problem is delivered accurately and definitely, but really it is not. In the inventive situation, several tasks are often mixed, and sometimes there is no such task that needs to be addressed!

Almost always in the description of the problem situation, there is redundant information (often simply incorrect or subjective information!), Which is not related to the problem, but greatly complicates the understanding of its essence and decision. Sometimes on the contrary, the boundaries of the problem are unnecessar than those who prevent a solution to find a solution. And often correctly understand the problem - almost equivalent to solving the problem. That is why it is extremely important to understand that it prevents us from solving this or that task, that is, to identify the technical contradiction.