Mumps, or otherwise mumps, is an acute viral infection transmitted by airborne droplets. It primarily affects the parotid and submandibular salivary glands. They swell, causing the face to blur (that’s why mumps is popularly called “mumps”).
Both adults and children get mumps, but most often it affects children over 3 years of age. In the first year of life, infants are reliably protected from the virus by maternal antibodies, which are transmitted during pregnancy through the placental barrier, and after the birth of the child - through breast milk. Moreover, boys become infected with the mumps virus 2 times more often than girls.
You can become infected by coughing or talking to a sick person. The “entry gate” for infection is the mucous membranes of the throat and nose. From there, the virus travels through the lymphatic and blood vessels to the parotid and salivary glands and can reach the pancreas and genitals.
The incubation period is 1.5-3 weeks. Then the temperature reaches 39°C, headache, the salivary glands behind the ears and under the jaw become swollen, and sometimes the swelling extends to the neck. The child refuses to eat because it is difficult for him to chew. If the infectious agent settles in the genitals, boys feel pain in the testicles, girls - in the lower abdomen.
Swelling and temperature usually subside on days 3-5, and on days 8-11 the mumps finally recedes. However, you need to know that the sick person is dangerous to others from 1 to 9 days of illness, quarantine must be strictly maintained and you can go outside only on the 10th day after the appearance of symptoms of mumps.
Those who have had mumps acquire lifelong immunity.
And mumps doesn’t seem to be scary, but for some reason everyone is afraid of it. And they do it right. It is not so much the disease itself that is dangerous, but its long-term consequences. Moreover, it is believed that most often serious consequences “visit” boys. If the virus settles in the testicles, it can cause inflammation - orchitis, and this often leads to infertility. This complication occurs in 20-30% of affected boys and adult men. In girls and adult women, the virus occurs in 5% of cases mumps affects the ovaries and their inflammation develops - oophoritis. This can also cause infertility.
In approximately 4% of cases, the mumps virus causes inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), 1 in 200-5,000 patients may develop inflammation of the membranes of the brain (meningitis), and 1 in 10,000 patients may develop meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the membranes and substance of the brain), which can lead to the most tragic ending.
Prevention of mumps
For mumps it is carried out cleanly symptomatic treatment. There is no specific antiviral therapy, as for measles and rubella. Modern medicine cannot prevent severe disease and complications. For this reason, the main means of preventing this disease is vaccination.
In accordance with the national vaccination calendar, the first vaccination against mumps is carried out in Russia at 12-15 months and the second time at 6-7 years. It is believed that after this the child acquires lifelong immunity. Adults who have not had mumps and have not been vaccinated against it can get vaccinated at any age. Emergency prevention carried out for children from 12 months, adolescents and adults who have not had mumps, have not been vaccinated before and have had contact with patients. In the absence of contraindications, the vaccine is administered no later than 72 hours from the moment of contact with the patient. Mumps vaccinations can be given on the same day as vaccinations against measles, polio, hepatitis B, whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus.
Mumps vaccines
The following vaccines against mumps are registered and approved for use in Russia: MMP II, Priorix, Mumps cultural live dry vaccine.
MMP II and Priorix are complex vaccines; they are used to vaccinate against measles, rubella, and mumps. The domestic mumps culture live dry vaccine, like MMP II and Priorix, contains a greatly weakened mumps virus. Unlike imported vaccines, it is made from quail, not chicken eggs, and on quail eggs allergies are less common.
Adverse reactions to the mumps vaccine
Adverse reactions to these vaccines are rare. In 10% of vaccinated people, slight swelling and redness may appear at the vaccination site. The swelling goes away on its own after 1-2 days, no treatment is required. Reactions in the form of a slight increase in temperature, redness of the throat, and runny nose are also possible. It happens that within 1-3 days there is an increase in the parotid salivary glands. These symptoms may appear from 5 to 14 days after vaccination, enlargement of the parotid salivary glands - and on the 21st day after vaccination.
Allergies occur, as a rule, to the so-called ballast, or additional substances included in the drug. An allergic reaction usually begins within the first 1-2 days after vaccination. They talk about it if the swelling and redness at the injection site is more than 8 cm in diameter.
On days 6-11 after vaccination, against a background of high (more than 38°C) temperature, babies may experience febrile convulsions. After this, it is necessary to show the child to a neurologist.
A vaccine-associated disease after mumps vaccination is serous meningitis(non-purulent inflammation of the membranes of the brain). This occurs at a rate of 1 in 100,000 vaccine doses. In cases of mumps, this complication occurs in 25% of cases, that is, in 25,000 per 100,000 cases.
Contraindications
For acute and exacerbation chronic diseases vaccination is postponed until recovery or stable remission. Mumps vaccination is also contraindicated during pregnancy, in immunodeficiency conditions and severe reactions to the measles vaccine, as well as allergies to quail eggs and aminoglycosides.
All mumps vaccination preparations contain a live virus, so they cause exactly the same reaction in the child. The main difference between vaccines is the presence or absence of one of the components - Kanamycin/Neomycin or protein of animal origin (chicken, quail or cattle). For example, the imported drug contains chicken egg protein, while the domestic vaccine is produced on the basis of quail protein.
Vaccination against mumps is carried out using the following drugs:
- Monovalent. These include a Russian drug called “Live Mumps Vaccine” and a French drug – Imovax Oreion.
- Polyvalent. They are represented by the Russian mumps-measles live vaccine, and trivaccines of Belgian (Priorix), American (MMR-II) and French (Trimovax) production. Immunization with the trivaccine promotes the production of antibodies to three diseases - mumps, measles and rubella.
According to the requirements of the World Health Organization, there are 3 types of mumps vaccination.
- one-component;
- two-component;
- three-component.
When vaccinated with a single-component vaccine, a person receives only a weakened mumps virus.
Two-component vaccination involves a person receiving weakened viruses of 2 diseases (rubella-mumps, measles-mumps).
Three-component vaccination is characterized by the production of weakened viruses of 3 diseases.
The following types of mumps vaccines are allowed:
- Live mumps vaccine.
- Mumps-measles cultural live.
- Priorix (Belgium).
- MMR 2 (USA).
ZhVP - the medicine is administered 1 time subcutaneously in the area of the scapula or the outer part of the shoulder. Re-vaccination against mumps is given to people who do not develop antibodies in their blood after vaccination.
Priorix is complex preparation for the vaccine. It consists of lyophilized weakened viruses, developing immunity immediately against measles, rubella and mumps. After the first vaccination, 96% of vaccinated people develop protective antibodies.
The graft is done inside the muscle, in the shoulder area or in the upper thigh. The first time is vaccinated a year, then at the age of six and fifteen years. People from the age of twenty are vaccinated every 10 years.
The three-component American vaccine is MMR 2. It protects the vaccinated person from rubella, measles and mumps. The duration of immunity is 11 years.
Mumps and measles live vaccine is a divaccine that develops immunity against mumps and measles. The vaccine is administered at 1 and 6 years of age.
Most often, clinics use a domestic live attenuated drug.
Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps can be of several types. The type of vaccine depends on the types of weakened viruses that are included in the vaccine preparation. Today, all types of vaccine preparations used have typed viruses, cause a high percentage of immune activation and persistent formation of immunity.
In addition, the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine can be three-component, dicomponent or monocomponent. A three-component vaccine is a ready-made product that contains all three types of weakened viruses (measles, rubella and mumps). The multi-component drug is a combined measles-rubella vaccine, or measles-mumps vaccine. A monocomponent drug is a vaccine against one infection - for example, only against measles.
It is more convenient to use three-component vaccines, since the vaccine is administered in one injection and one visit to the doctor. A dicomponent vaccine must be combined with the missing monocomponent vaccine - for example, the measles-mumps vaccine also requires rubella separately. In this case, the vaccine is administered in two injections into different parts of the body. Monocomponent vaccines have to be administered in three injections in different parts of the body. You cannot mix different vaccines in one syringe.
Why does a child need a mumps vaccine?
Every parent who cares about the health of their child should advocate for mumps vaccination. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets or through household objects. The first signs of mumps - fever and swelling around the neck - appear 2-3 weeks after infection.
Even though mumps is not a fatal disease, you still need to get vaccinated against mumps. Lethal outcome is observed in isolated cases and in the absence timely treatment. Immunization helps protect a child from various complications:
- damage to glandular tissue;
- inflammation of the reproductive system and possible infertility in boys;
- inflammation of the pancreas;
- development diabetes mellitus;
- inflammation of the brain (encephalitis or meningoencephalitis);
- strain on the hearing organs, which can lead to deafness.
According to statistics, thanks to the responsible approach of parents to the issue of vaccination, the number of people suffering from mumps has decreased significantly.
Many parents refuse vaccinations due to fear of complications after vaccination. In fact, mono- or polyvalent vaccinations with a mumps component are tolerated quite easily. Side effects appear only on the 4-16th day after immunization. Reactions following vaccination do not require treatment, with the exception of febrile seizures. Children with this predisposition must take an antipyretic drug after each vaccination. TO side effects can be attributed:
- general malaise, which is manifested by fever, weakness, loss of appetite, headache;
- redness or pain at the injection site;
- enlargement of the parotid glands;
- redness of the throat, rhinitis, and in rare cases, cough.
- the appearance of symptoms of the disease on the 1-2nd day after vaccination;
- signs of damage nervous system(eg meningitis).
Extension of protection against rubella for girls, who in the majority in the next 5-10 years will bear and give birth to children for whom the rubella virus is dangerous.
Activation of immunity against measles, which will meet the vaccine virus and receive stimulation.
Extending protection against mumps for young men who are at their most dangerous age in terms of negative consequences mumps diseases.
Vaccination of children against measles, rubella and mumps should cover at least 80% of children, since with less coverage of the population, these infections will begin to affect representatives of older age groups, not only adolescents, but also mature men and women. In adolescents, the transmission of these infections can negatively affect reproductive health and subsequent offspring.
And adults have a very difficult time with these infections, which are considered childhood infections. In addition, they are more likely to develop complications due to various systems and organs. Data Complications viral infections(measles, mumps and rubella) can be expressed in the form of myocarditis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pneumonia, etc.
Children tolerate vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella well; their body gives a minimum of reactions and maximum protection. Contrary to popular belief, these childhood infections are not so harmless. Thus, arthritis and encephalitis, as complications of measles and rubella, develop in 1 patient out of 1000, and orchitis - in 1 boy with mumps out of 20.
Getting vaccinated against mumps is not difficult. Vaccines are available in any free and paid medical center. Usually, children are vaccinated in the shoulder area, teenagers - under the shoulder blade, 0.5 ml of vaccine is administered once (imported or domestic, it is always live, weakened).
Thus, vaccination against mumps is prohibited if children have any conditions of immunodeficiency (congenital or acquired), with oncological pathologies or tuberculosis. Vaccinations are temporarily contraindicated for children with acute pathologies or exacerbations chronic illnesses until complete normalization of the condition or remission. Parents should also tell the doctor if previous vaccinations have given severe reactions, or if there is an allergy to chicken egg white.
Children usually do not experience a reaction to mumps vaccination; vaccination is well tolerated by them. Only in some children, from 4 to 12 days, temperature reactions, rhinitis, coughing, and mild hyperemia of the pharynx may persist. It is extremely rare that enlargement of the parotid glands may occur, and general state the child is not getting worse. Redness or thickening of the skin at the injection site is also possible.
A pink or red rash may appear on the child's body as a reaction to the introduction of the mumps virus. Older children may complain of pain in muscles and joints; in children, they can cause moodiness and irritability. Such reactions to the vaccine occur in only 10–20% of vaccinated children. The first day after administration of the drug, you should not get the injection site wet; it is also better to avoid walking and contact with strangers.
The mumps vaccine may cause delayed reactions. This is due to the fact that the vaccine contains live measles, rubella and mumps viruses, although they are greatly weakened. Getting into children's body, they begin to develop, developing immunity, which is why reactions, as a rule, never occur before day 4.
Mumps vaccination is especially necessary for teenage boys. The disease suffered at this age can cause complications such as testicular tumor. It is usually unilateral, but if the lesion spreads to both sides, there is a high probability of developing infertility.
The mumps vaccine is contraindicated in the following cases:
- allergic reaction in severe form to aminoglycosides and chicken egg white;
- immunodeficiency states of the body, blood diseases and the presence of tumors;
- severe reaction and complications to a previous vaccination.
In some children, the temperature reaction can be very strong, the temperature sometimes rises to 40 degrees. Against the background of such a high temperature, children may experience febrile convulsions, and even this condition is not a pathology. An increase in body temperature becomes an obstacle to the formation of immunity against mumps, so it must be brought down by giving the child antipyretics.
The mumps vaccine may cause a reaction such as a rash on the body. It can appear on its entire surface or on separate parts, usually the rashes are localized on the buttocks, face, back, behind the ears, and on the baby’s neck.
Pain in joints and muscles, as well as increased lymph nodes– also possible, but at the same time normal reactions to vaccination against mumps.
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Contraindications
All contraindications to vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps are divided into temporary and permanent. Temporary contraindications are acute periods diseases,
or introduction various drugs blood. After the condition has normalized, the vaccine can be given. After
The vaccine can be administered immediately, but after the administration of blood products it is necessary to maintain an interval of 1 month.
In addition to temporary contraindications, there are also permanent ones in which vaccination cannot be done at all. Such contraindications include:
- allergic reaction to Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin;
- allergy to egg whites;
- presence of neoplasms;
- severe reaction to the last vaccine.
It is worth separately noting that even if parents have not previously vaccinated their children against mumps, in the event of an outbreak and the baby comes into contact with a sick person, the disease can be prevented through emergency immunization. By epidemic indications The mumps vaccine is given to all children or adolescents who are not immune to the disease or have received only one dose of the vaccine.
The likelihood that the patient will have a hard time with this preventive procedure can be reduced if you strictly follow the doctors’ instructions and take into account the presence of contraindications.
In our country, vaccination is done using a three-component vaccine based on chicken protein; it additionally provides immunization against rubella and measles. The drug has a number of contraindications:
- Immunodeficiency due to cancer, HIV infection, tuberculosis);
- Chronic diseases in the acute stage;
- Severe reaction to a previous vaccination;
- Complications during the first vaccination;
- Allergic reaction to chicken protein;
- Pregnancy (cannot be performed, even in case of an epidemic).
Complications
Normal reactions to vaccination:
- Weakness, headache, malaise, lack of appetite;
- Rhinitis, increased body temperature, redness of the throat;
- Marked enlargement of the parotid glands.
If reactions go away after 14 days, this is considered normal.
Dangerous complications:
- Toxic reaction of the body;
- Damage to the nervous system (meningitis).
Important! In adolescence, mumps is especially severe, and the risk of complications increases significantly.
Consequences of immunization against measles, rubella and mumps
Children usually do not have a reaction to the mumps vaccine. The vaccine is well tolerated.
It happens that some babies may have a fever, runny nose, cough, or slight hyperemia from days 5 to 12 oral cavity. Quite rarely, the parotid glands become enlarged, but the person’s general well-being does not deteriorate. There may be redness and swelling at the injection site.
A rash appears on the child’s body as a reaction to the introduction of the mumps virus. Older children may experience muscle and joint pain, and toddlers may become moody and irritable.
Similar reactions occur in 10–20% of vaccinated children. The first day after vaccination, you should not wet the injection site, and you should also avoid walking in a crowded place.
The mumps vaccine may cause delayed symptoms. This is determined by the fact that the vaccine contains live measles, rubella and mumps viruses, but they are sufficiently weakened. When they enter the child’s body, they begin their development, developing immunity. It is for this reason that there may be no reaction for up to 4 days.
Teenage boys especially need vaccination against mumps. An illness suffered during this period can lead to complications such as testicular tumor. Basically, it has a one-sided course, but if both sides are affected, there is a high risk of developing infertility.
Some children may experience a fever of up to 40 degrees after vaccination. Against this backdrop large indicator febrile seizures occur. Increased temperature becomes a barrier to the formation of immunity against mumps, so it must be lowered with antipyretic drugs.
Rashes on the body occur after vaccination in individual areas or throughout the body. Most often, the rash appears on the buttocks, back, face, behind the ears, and on the child’s neck.
Pain in the muscles and enlarged lymph nodes are also possible.
Today, the World Health Organization understands the consequences of vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella as the development of reactive
The likelihood of such an outcome increases with increasing age of the recipient. Arthritis after vaccination can develop if there is a predisposition, which, as a rule, is formed by childhood exposure to
Such post-vaccination arthritis manifests itself in the cold season, and in the summer it practically does not bother a person. Reactive arthritis is quite amenable to treatment and pain relief with anti-inflammatory drugs. As a rule, reactive arthritis does not lead to severe impairment of mobility and disability of a person.
| Infection and type of complication | Complication rate after diseases of infection |
Frequency of complications after vaccination |
| Measles | ||
| Encephalitis | 1 case in 2000, with 25–30% dying | 1 case in 1,000,000. Since 1977 one person died this year |
| Pathology of the respiratory system | 40% of those who recovered | Not registered |
| Rubella | ||
| Encephalitis | 1 case in 2000 | Not registered |
| Arthritis | Half of those who recovered | Joint pain without development arthritis in 25% |
| Mumps | ||
| Meningitis | 1 case in 200 – 5000 people | 1 in 1,000,000 |
| Orchitis | 1 case in 20 | Not registered |
A severe allergic reaction may occur to
a number of aminoglycosides or egg whites. This is due to the fact that the vaccine contains antibiotics.
or Kanamycin, as well as trace amounts of quail or chicken egg whites. The protein is present in the vaccine because the measles, rubella and mumps viruses are grown in a nutrient medium using eggs. Russian vaccines contain quail protein, while imported ones contain chicken protein.
Encephalitis develops in children with pathologies of the nervous system or with too weak immunity. This severe complication occurs in 1 person per 1,000,000 vaccinated people. Abdominal pain and pneumonia are not directly related to the vaccine, but are a reflection of existing chronic processes in the digestive or respiratory system, which provoke the development of pathologies against the background of distraction of immunity to the vaccine.
A special complication is toxic shock, since this condition is caused by contamination of the vaccine preparation with microorganisms - staphylococci.
The mumps vaccine is usually well tolerated and children do not suffer any serious complications. However, it is difficult to predict reactions to the introduction of a foreign substance in advance, so parents should strictly monitor the condition of their children immediately after vaccination. About a week after vaccination, children may feel unwell, sleep and appetite disturbances, and mild respiratory symptoms.
This is a normal and expected reaction to administration, which is likely from the 8th to the 16th day. Such changes are typical for the normal immune process; the body simulates a mild disease and fights it, forming immunity. Such reactions do not require intervention or treatment; they last no more than three days and go away on their own.
In extremely rare cases, an allergy to the drug is possible, which manifests itself in the form of a local reaction with redness in the injection area, itching and general malaise within the first few days.
Domestic measles-rubella-mumps vaccine
Responsible and conscientious parents should ask their pediatrician in the first months of their baby’s life when the mumps vaccination is given and how many times the vaccination should be done. According to the approved schedule, children should be vaccinated against mumps at one year of age. Doctors are convinced that infants are protected by antibodies received from their mother.
The child receives full protection against infection if the mumps vaccine is administered twice. If the first vaccination was done according to schedule, revaccination is carried out no later than at 6 years of age. If primary immunization was carried out at an older age, repeated vaccination is carried out a year after the first.
During an epidemic, mumps vaccinations are given to both children and adults. Vaccination is effective only if the drug is injected into the bloodstream no later than 72 hours after the suspected infection. Emergency immunization is needed for patients who were not vaccinated in childhood or who did not undergo revaccination.
There are motivations for and against vaccination.
Until the universal vaccination against mumps, the disease affected almost all children and was epidemic. Behind lately no epidemics have been recorded.
The mumps virus affects gland tissue, regardless of location (parotid salivary gland, pancreas). The microorganism also likes to develop in the gonads.
Compared to girls, the disease develops more often in boys. First place in number late complications occupies inflammation and atrophy of the testicles.
If bilateral atrophy is observed in adolescence, then in the future the guy will have problems conceiving a child.
The Ministry of Health has developed a vaccination calendar, which involves vaccination from an early age as planned and in emergency cases if a person has been in contact with an infected patient.
The first vaccination against mumps, rubella and measles is carried out when the child is one year old, and the next one at 6 years old. This frequency is necessary, since children gradually develop immunity with its own characteristics.
Parents should not be afraid to vaccinate their child against mumps, because this vaccine causes virtually no complications and is easily tolerated by young children.
A prerequisite for vaccination is that the child must be healthy. Therefore, before mumps vaccination, a doctor’s consultation is scheduled.
If the first 2 vaccinations were not given, then the third one is given at 13 years old, and not at 15 as expected. Subsequent vaccinations are scheduled every 10 years.
Complex, polyvalent
For measles, mumps and rubella, an immunobiological drug can be introduced into the child’s body, which will lead to the development of immunity to three infections at once. Today, this complex vaccination is very convenient for use, since it allows you to introduce
against three infections.
Measles, rubella, and mumps are not as harmless diseases as is commonly thought. Typical complications of these viral infections are damage to the central nervous system in the form of encephalitis, sclerosing panencephalitis, meningitis, optic neuritis and auditory nerves with subsequent development of hearing loss and blindness.
If rubella is more dangerous for women, then mumps is more dangerous for men, since a typical complication of this infection is orchitis (inflammation of the testicles) - observed in 20% of cases. Due to inflammation of the testicles, a man may develop infertility. Moreover, with mumps orchitis in adult men, infertility can be temporary, that is, transient.
It is to protect children and adults from three potentially dangerous infections - measles, rubella and mumps, that a comprehensive vaccination was created. Many generations of children suffered from these infections, as well as subsequent complications. Today, the World Health Organization has developed a strategy to reduce the burden of various infectious diseases that can be controlled.
Measles, mumps and rubella are controllable infections, since the incidence can be regulated by vaccination measures. And given the fact that the measles, rubella, and mumps viruses circulate only among people, then with a high percentage of population vaccination coverage, these pathogens can be completely eliminated from the population, and then our future generations will not encounter these infections at all. As a result, the danger of infectious diseases for children early age will become smaller.
The trivalent vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps can be administered to children from the age of 1 year, and to adults at any time, provided there are no contraindications. In addition, if an epidemic or outbreak of any of these three infections develops, the vaccine can be used as an emergency prophylactic to localize the outbreak and prevent further spread of the disease. This method of using the vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella has demonstrated its high effectiveness.
Long-term use of a complex vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps has shown that the strength and duration of vaccination reactions is even slightly lower than when using immunobiological drugs against only one of these infections. Combined use of the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine with the chickenpox in one day, but subject to introduction in various places body, also does not increase the number and severity of reactions or complications.
Adults who have not had these infections and have not previously been vaccinated should receive two doses of the vaccine, with an interval of at least 1 month between them. Two doses are required to form full immunity and long-term immunity. Due to the fact that immunity against rubella is valid only for 10 years after vaccination, and against mumps and measles - for much longer (namely 20 - 30 years), it is recommended to revaccinate once every 10 years.
Revaccinations are carried out in order to prolong protection against infections, so they are carried out once every 10 years with a complex vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. The use of this vaccine is due to the fact that after 10 years there is definitely no immunity against rubella, but there may or may not be protection against mumps and measles.
At 15 - 17 years old.
If the child has not been vaccinated until the age of 13, then the vaccine is given at this age, and all subsequent revaccinations are carried out according to schedule national calendar, that is, at 22 – 29 years old, etc.
The measles, rubella and mumps vaccine is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. For children under three years of age, it is optimal to administer the drug at outer surface hips, and for the more scary guys - the deltoid muscle of the shoulder, between its upper and middle third. The choice of the thigh and shoulder as the injection site is due to the fact that these places have fairly thin skin, closely adjacent muscles and a small amount of subcutaneous fat.
The vaccine should not be allowed to enter the fatty layer, since it can be deposited there, slowly entering the blood and not having a positive effect - that is, the vaccine becomes essentially useless. The vaccine cannot be injected into the buttocks, since the muscles lie deep in this place, the subcutaneous fat layer is quite thick, and there is a risk of touching the sciatic nerve.
After injection of the measles-rubella-mumps vaccine, reactions appear within 5 to 15 days. This type of vaccination reaction is called delayed. The delay in reactions is due to the fact that the drug contains live, but greatly weakened measles, rubella and mumps viruses. After entering the human body, these viruses develop and provoke an immune response, the peak of which occurs 5–15 days after the injection.
All reactions to vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps are divided into local and general: 1. Local symptoms include soreness, induration at the injection site, mild infiltration and tissue stiffness. Local reactions can form on the first day after vaccination, but they go away on their own within a few days.
2. Common reactions to the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine include:
- temperature increase;
- soreness or enlargement of the parotid, jaw and cervical lymph nodes;
- a small, pinkish or reddish rash on the body;
- muscle or joint pain;
- redness of the throat;
- runny nose;
- slight cough.
Reactions may occur in 10–20% of vaccinated children.
As a rule, in most patients the disease is quite mild. Complications pose a significant risk to human health and quality of life in the future. In some cases, patients develop:
- diabetes;
- meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis;
- pancreatitis;
- orchitis;
- deafness.
No cure has yet been found to treat the disease. And the only way for adults and children to protect themselves from infection and complications is to get vaccinated against mumps.
Why is immunization carried out?
The baby in the womb is reliably protected by antibodies produced in the body of a pregnant woman. They are transmitted through the placenta. After birth, he continues to receive antibodies through breast milk. After six months or a year, their quantity becomes insufficient for the growing organism. And a mumps vaccine for children will help protect your baby from infection. Even an illness suffered at an early age can significantly change a person’s life and affect his reproductive health. The virus often “settles” in the testicles or ovaries and causes inflammation. It happens that this leads to infertility. Since the main route of transmission of infection is airborne droplets, a person with mumps poses a threat to others. Not enough high level vaccination coverage with the mumps vaccine can lead to undesirable epidemiological changes - a shift in the incidence of mumps to older age groups population.
Features and timing of vaccination
The national vaccination calendar determines the timing of immunization for a person. So, in accordance with it, the baby should receive the first vaccine against mumps when he reaches 1 year. If there are relative contraindications, vaccination is carried out at the age of 18 months.
But to obtain stable immunity, one administration of the drug is not enough. Therefore, revaccination is carried out at the age of 6 years. If the schedule indicated in the vaccination calendar is not followed, the timing of drug administration is determined by the doctor.
Adults who have never had mumps can get vaccinated at any age. In case of contact with an infected person, emergency immunization is carried out (within 72 hours).
Vaccination methods
As a rule, vaccination against mumps is comprehensive. It contains components that allow you to gain immunity to rubella and measles. “Live” vaccines, which contain a weakened mumps virus, are also used.
Indications before vaccination
There is no point in a healthy person specially preparing for vaccination. It is only important to follow a daily routine, avoid overheating and hypothermia. Experts also recommend limiting visits to crowded places 2-3 days before and after vaccination against mumps is planned. Immediately before administering the drug, the child is examined by the pediatrician.
Contraindications for immunization
The vaccine is not given in the following cases:
- immunodeficiency conditions (tuberculosis, oncology, HIV and AIDS);
- allergy to chicken protein, aminoglycosides;
- pregnancy.
Also, immunization is not carried out during exacerbation of chronic diseases.
Risks of developing complications from the vaccine
In addition to local reactions, the appearance of other specific symptoms rarely happens. In some cases, you may experience:
- allergies, which are manifested by hives, itching, rash;
- intoxication of the body. The person experiences weakness, and the body temperature often rises;
- aseptic serous meningitis. May occur 2-3 weeks after drug administration.
The occurrence of specific symptoms should be reported to your doctor as soon as possible.
Mumps (popular name - mumps) is a disease infectious species, in which the glandular membranes of all organs of the body are affected with possible damage to the central nervous system. As a result, a person suffers from fever and intoxication of the body is observed.
The disease is caused by a viral pathogen that primarily affects the parotid glands, causing them to become inflamed. This is the body's first reaction to the action of the pathogen. The period of activation of the virus is the spring-winter period and usually affects children aged 0-6 years. Therefore, mumps is a disease against which only a vaccine should be used.
It is transmitted by airborne droplets or by establishing any contact with a sick person. The first symptoms appear already on the 2nd day of the disease, pronounced clinical picture observed by the end of the week.
After vaccination against mumps, a person who has never had mumps develops defensive reaction, which protects a person for 20 years.
Cure for mumps
Today in medicine there is no vaccine that can overcome this virus. An exceptionally effective remedy against the mumps virus, both in children and adults, are antibodies that can be produced by the body itself.
To produce such antibodies in the fight against mumps, a small dose of the vaccine is used, which cannot cause full development of this disease. The body's response is immediate - this procedure activates the production of necessary antibodies and their effect against the disease.
This vaccine procedure ensures that the vaccinated person already has these antibodies, which, at the first signs of damage to the body, will immediately go on the attack against this virus.
According to WHO requirements, depending on the presence of components in the vaccine, the following types are distinguished:
- Single component vaccine, when only the attenuated mumps virus component is present;
- A two-component vaccine, when the measles or rubella virus is added to the main component;
- The three-component vaccine is a complex of measles+rubella+mumps viruses.
In addition, the presence of initially developed antibodies remains in a person for almost the rest of his life. In the future, a person may not get mumps at all or get sick, but in mild form which will pass without any complications. Therefore, doctors all over the planet claim that this course of vaccine produces lifelong immunity against mumps.
The first signs of the disease and methods of treating the disease
Symptoms in humans of different ages manifest themselves in different ways. However, it should be noted the main types of reaction that are typical for the majority of the population. Among them are:
- A sharp increase in the patient’s body temperature;
- Complete refusal to eat;
- Swollen condition of the parotid glands and salivary glands;
- There may be shortness of breath or difficulty breathing;
- Migraines, lethargy, headaches.
It happens that the disease does not make itself felt, i.e. none of these signs are observed. If a person gets mumps, he must:
- Stick to bed rest;
- Prescribe a gentle diet with active inclusion of vitamin foods;
- Use of antiviral and immunomodulators;
- If complications are detected, it is necessary to notify the doctor, who will adjust the treatment procedure in accordance with the direction of the complications.
In some cases, a negative reaction of the body to the course of the disease is possible. In this case, significant complications are observed, especially in adults. Among them it is necessary to note orchitis, hearing loss, encephalitis, infertility, cerebral edema with fatal, development of diabetes mellitus, arthritis and pancreatitis. Therefore, specialists may additionally prescribe laboratory monitoring of the patient with a number of tests.
Special medicines, which will help in the fight against mumps does not exist in medicine today. Mumps belongs to the category of diseases that simply must be endured. At the same time, the use of various antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs with the use of various types of compresses is simply necessary to improve the patient’s condition. To reduce inflammation, ointments can be used.
Mild mumps is not a dangerous disease. However, the reaction of the body that is observed after the recovery period, when complications begin to appear, is terrifying.
Medicine, of course, is not omnipotent, but a way to combat this disease, of course, has been taken - this is periodic vaccination, which begins from birth.
Features of the vaccination process
According to experts, mumps is a disease that is similar to measles and rubella. Therefore, most often we see the use of a vaccine that consists of these 3 components. Thus, the body begins to produce antibodies in three directions - against measles, rubella and mumps.
Vaccination against these diseases, according to the vaccination schedule established by the Ministry of Health, begins for children from a very early age. The first mumps vaccination should be at the age of 1 year, the second is given to children school age upon reaching 6 years of age and at 15-17 years of age. During these periods the immune system the child undergoes significant changes, and at the age of 15 begins puberty teenager
If for some reason vaccinations were missed at 6 and 15 years of age, then the third vaccination is given earlier, namely at 13 years of age. Further, according to the vaccination schedule, which is indicated for children in medical institution must be applied every 10 years. However, vaccination statistics show that already at the age of 15, not everyone follows the vaccination schedule, and older people even forget about the need to carry out this procedure.
A necessary condition for vaccination is absolutely healthy child, therefore, before vaccination, a pediatrician must examine him. During the week after the vaccination process, a slight increase in body temperature or swelling of the salivary glands is possible.
Preventive measures against mumps
Prevention during a period of sharp morbidity, except for the vaccination process, has never hurt anyone. In this case, you must adhere to the following measures:
- Isolate the sick person from others for a week or more;
- Have as little contact as possible between a sick person and people who have not yet been vaccinated;
- Examine unvaccinated people who may have had contact with a sick person in the last 21 days;
- Immediate vaccination of those not vaccinated with live mumps vaccine;
- It is possible to carry out immunoprophylaxis using globulin for children; in this case, the mumps vaccination schedule is prescribed by a doctor.
Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella
