The endocrine gland system controls almost all processes in the human body. Organs internal secretion special substances are produced - hormones, which are responsible for the normal functioning of the entire body. One of the most important hormones is TSH. This substance regulates the work thyroid gland and is involved in the synthesis of the hormones T3 and T4. What does it mean if TSH is elevated, and what consequences does this deviation have? What is hypothyroidism?
Description of the substance
The hormone TSH is synthesized in the anterior pituitary gland. It is present in the body of both men and women. The substance is directly involved in the synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the thyroid gland. These substances, in turn, are responsible for full growth and development, for proper metabolism and for protein synthesis and energy metabolism.
The levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone directly depend on the age of the patient. Pregnancy in women can also affect the indicators. When the indicators are normal, the analysis results should correspond to the following table:
This data is found in official medicine and it is these indicators that endocrinologists are guided by when making a diagnosis. However, different information has been circulating in the New World for some time. According to it, the range of indicators is as follows:
Thus, you see that a TSH reading of 4 units, which fits the diagnostic “norm,” is not normal; on the contrary, with such a TSH, your health will leave much to be desired.
Increased symptom scores
Symptoms that thyroid-stimulating hormone is elevated include such nonspecific conditions as decreased performance, apathy and irritability. With prolonged deviations in indicators, the patient may complain of:
- Decreased concentration.
- Bad dream.
- Lack of appetite.
- Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
- The occurrence of edema.
- Paleness of the skin.
- Rapid weight gain.
- Low body temperature.
- Memory impairment.
- Chronically low blood pressure.
- Crash menstrual cycle.
- Muscle pain.
- Enlarged liver.
- Problems with skin and hair.
- Lack of libido.
- Infertility.
The condition in which elevated TSH levels are detected is called hypothyroidism. A high level of TSH is not an independent disease, it is only the body’s reaction to a decrease in the level of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. If you notice that your general health has changed, if you have trouble sleeping and feel irritable, you need to get tested for hormones; perhaps the reason is their imbalance.
Elevated cause indicators
The human body is a complex system of interaction between all organs and tissues. Nature has calculated everything with amazing accuracy and ideally a person should not experience hormonal imbalances when healthy way life. But if TSH levels are elevated, what does this mean? Nothing happens without a reason.
The TSH hormone may be elevated as a result of the following abnormalities:
- Tumor pathologies of the pituitary gland;
- Pathologies of the thyroid gland;
- Chaotic synthesis of hormones;
- Gallbladder resection;
- Diseases of the adrenal glands;
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis;
- Late toxicosis during pregnancy;
- Lead toxicity;
- Excess iodine in the body;
- Genetic diseases;
- Iron-deficiency anemia;
- Dominance of the hormone estradiol (for women);
- Vitamin D deficiency.
However, there is no need to panic if your analysis shows inflated values. This does not mean that you have hypothyroidism. Some medications can significantly increase the level of the TSH hormone. To identify the true cause of the deviation, you will be recommended to re-test after stopping drug therapy. Physical activity and radiation therapy can also affect the test result.
Pay attention to the last three reasons, especially if the Euthyrox/L-thyroxine prescribed to you did not bring the desired improvement. Unfortunately, endocrinologists in Russia do not consider it necessary to look for causes increased TSH in something other than the very fact of increasing thyroid-stimulating hormone. Very often, replenishing iron in the body helps normalize tests and well-being.
Diagnostics
If you suspect that your TSH hormone value is elevated, you should urgently contact an endocrinologist to prescribe a test. This analysis is carried out in the morning. Blood is taken from the patient's vein. If, however, it is discovered that the level of the hormone in the blood exceeds the permissible level, you will be assigned additional examinations in order to find out the reasons for the deviation.
It is worth noting that at night the TSH level, even in a healthy person, is always elevated. The reasons for this lie in the slowdown in the functioning of all organs during sleep, this also applies to the thyroid gland. Therefore, an analysis taken at night will always show that the indicators are slightly higher than normal.
This must be taken into account during emergency tests in case of hospitalization.
Particular attention should be paid to diagnosing deviations in children. Normal hormone levels may vary depending on the baby's age. The analysis is prescribed to patients younger age in the presence of symptoms such as developmental delay (mental or physical), cold extremities, apathy, drowsiness, fatigue. Increase TSH in children more than normal may be adrenal disease or mental illness. Greatest risk Children whose parents have hypothyroidism develop pathology. For such babies, the first test is carried out in the womb.
Increased treatment rates
When TSH is elevated, doctors most often prescribe a thyroid test. It is as a result of insufficient work of this organ that high TSH is observed. It is extremely rare that elevated TSH is a consequence of diseases of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.
What to do if thyroid-stimulating hormone is higher than normal? First of all, there is no need to panic. If TSH is elevated, but the levels do not differ much from the norm, most likely you will be prescribed corrective nutrition, stopping some medications and reducing physical activity.
If the hormone is slightly elevated, it will not have a detrimental effect on your health and you will have enough time to reduce it naturally.
However, if the indicator is very elevated, this may mean that you have a significant deficiency of the hormones T3 and T4, which is already dangerous. In this case, a diagnosis of hypothyroidism is made. Hypothyroidism should be treated depending on the true reasons deviations. When the increase in TSH is critical, hormone replacement therapy is prescribed. Drugs and their dosage should be selected only by an experienced doctor. Self-medication, as well as treatment with folk remedies, can lead to aggravation of the situation. Beware of scammers offering questionable nutritional supplements.
Doctors will tell you that the human or plant hormones T3 or T4 simply do not exist in nature, and therefore taking herbal infusions, dietary supplements or preparations is simply useless. However, they are lying. With a comprehensive examination, you can definitely identify the cause of the thyroid gland malfunction. And if you fight the cause and not the effect, you can restore the gland without hormonal treatment.
Most often, excess is caused by damage to thyroid tissue. In patients who have undergone partial or complete removal of this organ, hormone levels are always very high without replacement therapy. Don’t rush to say goodbye to the thyroid gland, fight for it, study everything possible information, do your best before agreeing to surgery.
Many people think that hormonal imbalance is a minor disorder that cannot lead to serious consequences. Yes, hypothyroidism is not a fatal disease, but it can provoke the development of diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, obesity, hypertension and other already life-threatening diseases. For this reason, at the first signs of poor or even unusual health, it is better to play it safe and get your blood tested. This will allow you to avoid dangerous diseases.
In contact with
TSH, also known as thyroid-stimulating hormone, is called regulating hormone. It is produced in a gland located in the brain, namely the pituitary gland, and directly affects the production of two other hormones: T3 and T4. The latter, in turn, regulate metabolism, in particular the metabolism of proteins and vitamin A.
Detailed description of thyroid-stimulating hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary gland. It interacts with triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and they, in turn, affect the activity of the pituitary gland's production of thyroid-stimulating hormone. That is, thyroid-stimulating hormone provokes the production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, and when the amount of the latter becomes sufficient for the body, they give a signal to the brain to stop or reduce the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
Elevated TSH. Causes
Jumps in TSH are provoked by diseases, mainly associated with pathological changes in the thyroid gland and pituitary gland, as well as some poisonings and organ removal. TO possible reasons hyperthyroidism include:
- lead poisoning;
- thyroid diseases;
- oncological diseases;
- resection of internal organs;
- hereditary diseases;
- increased level of iodine in the body;
- delayed toxicosis in pregnant women;
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis;
- erratic production of hormones by the body;
- adrenal gland diseases.
An increased level of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the body is called hyperthyroidism. It also happens that some factors can distort the actual results. For example, physical activity affects TSH levels. Thyroid-stimulating hormone increases when a person takes a series of medicines. The value of the true result is determined only after stopping the medication.
Symptoms
First of all, too high a TSH level is not defined as a disease. This condition only indicates possible problems or abnormalities in the body due to one or another illness. High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the body are accompanied by:
- irritability;
- general body lethargy;
- insomnia;
- causeless and sudden weight gain;
- the skin becomes pale;
- body temperature decreases;
- concentration is noticeably reduced;
- swelling appears in various parts bodies;
- problems with the gastrointestinal tract;
- loss of appetite.
Such symptoms are typical for people who have an imbalance of the hormones thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyroid-stimulating hormone. If several of these symptoms appear, you should take a necessary tests. Perhaps the reason is precisely the decrease in the level of the above hormones. In addition to the described symptoms, others may be added:
- decreased sexual desire (libido);
- increased liver size;
- unexpected disruptions in the menstrual cycle;
- skin diseases and hair loss;
- hypotension;
- memory problems;
- muscle pain;
- the appearance of infertility.
Diagnostics
If symptoms characteristic of a condition where TSH is elevated appear, there is a reason to consult a doctor and get tested for TSH levels. It must be kept in mind that great importance What the result of the TSH level will be depends on the person’s age and the time when the analysis was done. At night, a person’s TSH level is elevated, this is due to the fact that the function of all organs slows down at night. The thyroid gland also slows down. As for a person's age, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels will be slightly different for adults and children.
For children, the following symptoms may be a reason to go to an endocrinologist and get tested for thyroid-stimulating hormone: drowsiness, apathy, cold hands and feet, fatigue. In young children, TSH may be elevated due to diseases of the adrenal glands, as well as due to the influence hereditary factor when there were people in the child’s family who suffered from hyperthyroidism.
If a person’s thyroid-stimulating hormone level is detected above normal, additional examinations are prescribed to determine the cause of this condition. The analysis is carried out in the morning, and blood is taken from a vein.
Relationship between thyroid diseases and increased concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone
As already mentioned, there is a direct relationship between the secretion of the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) by the thyroid gland and the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). When there is a decreased secretion of T3 and T4, there is nothing to control the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the blood, and it increases. In turn, the thyroid gland stops producing these two hormones for a reason, resulting in a condition where TSH is elevated. As a rule, this happens due to various pathological changes and diseases, as well as due to other factors. Below we list some of them:
- increased levels of prolactin in the body (hyperprolactinemia);
- removal of the thyroid gland (a condition observed due to resection of this gland, it is called postoperative hypothyroidism in this condition).
The TSH hormone is elevated if there is:
- iodine poisoning;
- postpartum thyroiditis.
Are there other reasons? Elevated TSH in women is a consequence of:
- acute iodine deficiency;
- autoimmune thyroiditis;
- a number of body conditions (stress, insomnia, mental stress and heavy physical activity);
- elderly;
- radiotherapy.
Newborn babies also have elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
Elevated TSH in women and men is caused by taking certain types of medications - Cerucal, Eglonil, Amiodarone and hormonal drugs containing estrogen.
As mentioned above, an elevated TSH level is considered normal. In principle, this is the condition in which the normal level of thyroid-stimulating hormone will be the highest. In the future, as a person grows older, this indicator will decrease and stabilize. TSH may be elevated or decreased depending on different time days. As a rule, at night, namely around two o'clock in the morning, the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone is highest, and its lowest value was recorded at five to six o'clock in the evening.
As a result, in newborns the condition will be normal when TSH is elevated, while the norm in adults will be slightly different:
- in newborns this level is from 1 to 17;
- children under three months 0.5 to 11;
- from three months to a year the norm will be from 0.5 to 7;
- from three to five years the norm is 0.5-6;
- for children from five to 15 years old the norm will be from 0.5 to 5;
- for those over 15 years of age, the norm will be a level from 0.5 to 4.
Should be considered next moment To ensure that the data on hormone levels in the analysis are not distorted, donate blood in the morning, always on an empty stomach. Before taking the tests, i.e. a day or two before, it is better not to drink alcohol or smoke for accurate indicators of the hormone levels in the blood.
Treatment for elevated TSH levels
So, we have learned the specific symptoms when TSH levels are elevated. What this means is explained above. What type of drugs are used to treat a particular condition? First of all, you should not, even strictly prohibit, self-medicate and independently prescribe doses and types of drugs. This must be done by a doctor, since initially the patient’s blood may have a different ratio of the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroxine. Based on this ratio, the doctor selects the type of drug, its dose and duration of treatment.
It is also not recommended to use various herbs, that is, traditional medicine methods, as the main treatment. They are effective, but for serious diseases and hormone imbalances, it is better to use special medications. Moreover, if you ignore treatment for increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the body, thyroid cancer may develop against this background. So in some cases, when thyroid cancer appears, TSH is usually elevated in a person.
In the treatment of increased concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the body, a synthetically derived drug containing the hormone thyroxine (T4) is used. Once upon a time, people used dried and ground thyroid gland animals. Now the first option is the most effective, due to the purity of the active substance. Treatment is continued until the ratio of these hormones in the blood - TSH, T3 and T4, i.e. thyroid stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine and thyroxine, respectively, is normal. To do this, the patient should undergo regular examinations and tests throughout his treatment.
After this therapy, when successful restoration of hormone levels has been achieved, the patient must undergo annual tests for thyroid-stimulating hormone levels from the moment of discharge in order to prevent relapses.
The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone during pregnancy and its changes
During this period, changes in the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone are likely. They can change or remain stable, but normally the TSH content will be approximately from 0.3 to 3 units. per liter It would seem that in pregnant women the thyroid-stimulating hormone should be reduced, because at this time most of the woman’s organs are activated and they work in an enhanced mode, including endocrine system, which includes the thyroid gland. It actively produces iodine for the body of both the woman and her fetus.
TSH is elevated - what does this mean in women? During pregnancy, a woman’s body produces a specific hormone, which is called the “pregnancy hormone.” Its medical name is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). It stimulates the production of the hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the body, which is what thyroid-stimulating hormone should normally do. Accordingly, its level decreases during pregnancy.
If TSH is elevated during pregnancy, then this may be a serious call to visit an endocrinologist to identify the causes. This condition is not normal, and it can threaten the woman’s fetus.
Meaning of elevated TSH level
Knowing the relationship between hormones, we can draw some conclusions based on the results of an analysis of the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Returning again to the topic, since without it it is impossible to understand what is the reason for the increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone, we note that when there is a lack of iodine, the thyroid gland sends a signal to the pituitary gland. It, in response to the signal, begins to produce and release even more TSH, which, in turn, will affect the thyroid gland, causing it to produce two hormones - thyroxine and triiodothyronine. The latter are needed for the absorption of iodine in the body. That is, from this the conclusion is drawn that an increased level of TSH tells us about a lack of iodine in the body for this moment.
Actions for elevated TSH
First of all, you need to contact an endocrinologist. All folk remedies and herbs are unlikely to contain necessary for a person in this case, the hormones T3 and T4. Therefore, the doctor can usually prescribe the following medications in this case:
- "Euthirox";
- "Bagotirox";
- "L-thyroxine."
Reduced thyroid-stimulating hormone
In a condition where a person has a decrease in the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone in a blood test, there are certain symptoms that can indicate to the doctor in advance about the patient’s diagnosis. These are drowsiness, lethargy, poor temperature tolerance, swelling, memory loss, hypertension, fever. In its turn, reduced level TSH can cause:
- neoplasms (tumors) of the thyroid gland;
- traumatic lesions of the pituitary gland;
- decline in pituitary function;
- changes in the proportions of hormones due to taking medications containing hormones.
Preparing for tests
Immediately before donating blood for analysis of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, you should not eat. The time at which the analysis needs to be carried out should be in the morning. A day or two before the test, you are prohibited from consuming alcohol and tobacco.
Places to get tested to check TSH hormone levels
A referral to donate blood for analysis of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels should be given by an endocrinologist. It is carried out in any of the public clinics. You can also use private ones, where they provide tests more quickly, albeit for a fee. However, this procedure is not very expensive compared to how much time you will save by not standing in lines.
What is thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), also known as thyrotropin, is produced by the pituitary gland and secreted into the blood. The main task of TSH is to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce hormones such as T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine).
The thyroid gland is located at the base of your neck, under the Adam's apple. It absorbs the trace element iodine from the blood to produce the hormones T3 and T4. The thyroid gland is important because the hormones T3 and T4 play a significant role in the functioning of almost every part of our body, including the brain, heart and liver.
The thyroid gland is controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain, which produces thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to stimulate the pituitary gland to produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
There is such a dependence: the more thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced, the more hormones T3 and T4 are produced. But when sufficient or high values of T3 and T4 are reached, the production of the TRH hormone decreases and, consequently, the level of the TSH hormone decreases. This process helps maintain the T3 and T4 hormones at the levels required by the body.
How does thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) work?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increases T3 and T4 levels in several different ways.
TSH stimulates the production of T3 and T4 by binding to the TSH receptor (TSH-R) on thyroid cells, which helps the thyroid gland produce more proteins that absorb iodine from the blood. And then the thyroid gland uses this iodine to produce the hormones T3 and T4.
Iodine can exist in the body in different forms and can only be used to form T3 or T4 hormones if it is in its active form (oxidized). For this reason, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) further stimulates the production of T3 and T4 by increasing the amount of protein that converts iodine to its active form ( thyroid peroxidase).
Thyroid-stimulating hormone not only increases the production of T3 and T4, but also stimulates their release into the bloodstream. When T3 and T4 are produced, they are stored by binding to another protein ( thyroglobulin), which keeps them from entering the blood. TSH promotes the breakdown of this protein (by increasing proteases) and allows T3 and T4 to be released and enter the blood.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is elevated: health risks
Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is associated with poor heart health
A study of more than 30,000 people found that people with Higher TSH levels tend to also have higher blood pressure.
A meta-analysis of data from multiple studies involving more than 55,000 patients found that people with very high TSH values demonstrate a significantly greater likelihood of developing(and death) coronary disease hearts.
Another study of 314 patients at risk of developing various heart diseases found that high TSH levels were associated with more severe heart problems.
Findings on the relationship between increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and increased blood pressure in children, especially those with excess body weight, were also demonstrated.
High thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) indicates elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels
Two studies demonstrated that increased TSH levels occur with a simultaneous increase in “bad” cholesterol(low density lipoproteins - LDL) in blood.
Another study of nearly 21,000 people showed similar results and also found that High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) correlate with lower levels of “good” cholesterol(lipoproteins high density– HDL).
High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are associated with obesity
Two separate studies showed that in women Overweight or obese people have higher TSH levels than people of normal weight. This dependence also includes people with simple increased body weight and body mass index (BMI), with large size waist, and also with a higher percentage of body fat.
Another study demonstrated that, compared with women with low TSH levels, healthy young women with high TSH levels were 2 times more likely to develop metabolic syndrome(a condition that includes obesity, high blood pressure and high blood glucose, fat and cholesterol).
The link between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and obesity does not apply only to women. Two separate studies found that elevated TSH is associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) in both men and women.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is also involved in weight formation in children. Children's Obesity and overweight are associated with higher TSH levels, and these elevated values are associated with increased levels of cholesterol, fat, and increased blood pressure.
Promotionthyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is harmful during pregnancy
Level TSH was significantly higher in women who were unable to become pregnant after 1 year of trying (so-called unexplained infertility) compared with women with normal TSH.
The drug Levothyroxine is used to treat cases of thyroid problems and is often prescribed during pregnancy. One study looked at 1,013 pregnant women receiving levothyroxine and found that many had elevated TSH, which was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage.
In another study of more than 184,000 women, mothers who had high TSH levels 6 months before conception found an increased likelihood of spontaneous miscarriage before 20 weeks, stillbirth, preterm birth, and other pregnancy problems.
High thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values are associated with general inflammation
During an experiment involving 24 women who received 0.9 mg of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), dysfunction was found on the second day of taking the drug blood vessels, which was most likely due to the growth general inflammation and oxidative stress.
In two animal studies the increase in TSH values was accompanied by an increase in the main indicators of inflammation– tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a risk factor for thyroid cancer
Various studies, including meta-analyses, have shown that Elevated TSH levels are a risk factor for thyroid cancer.
Another study of 126 patients with a certain type of thyroid cancer (papillary thyroid microcarcinoma) demonstrated an association between increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and faster progression cancerous tumor.
An increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values indicates an increase in stress hormone
A study of 54 healthy adults found higher TSH levels along with increased levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Scientists have concluded that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) makes the body more sensitive to the effects of stress.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is reduced: health risks
Low levelthyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) linked to poorer mental health
Low TSH levels may contribute to poor mental health among older adults. A study of 293 people over 65 years of age found a relationship between decreased TSH levels and worsening brain function.
In a study of 1,843 people aged 55 years and older, it was demonstrated that low TSH contributed to a threefold increase in the risk of developing dementia or developing dementia.
A study of 1,503 older adults found that low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increased the likelihood of developing depressive symptoms and further development.
Low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) indicates decreased bone density
Having higher TSH levels in the blood promotes better bone health in older adults. Reduced TSH was associated with decreased bone mineral density in a study of 674 older women.
In another study of 686 older women, low level thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increased the risk of pelvic or spinal fractures.
A study of more than 14,000 patients found that in older women (but not women over 70 years of age), lower TSH levels were associated with an increased likelihood of hip and femoral neck fractures.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the elderly
Many studies show that TSH levels naturally increase as we age.
However, although elevated TSH is usually associated with negative consequences for health in adults and children, similar Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values do not harm older people. Many studies show an inverse relationship - the lower the TSH level in older people, the more health problems, while higher TSH levels may protect the body.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and longevity
Several studies suggest that elevated TSH may be beneficial for living longer. For example, in a study of very elderly people (their median age was 98 years), higher TSH levels were found compared to people in the control group, whose average age was about 72 years.
A study of 2,290 older adults aged 70-79 years demonstrated that slightly elevated TSH levels contributed to easier walking, faster strides, and greater physical fitness than those with normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.
Another study of 558 adults aged 85 to 89 found that elevated TSH was associated with the lowest risk of death.
Test for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Because TSH controls the body's production of T3 and T4 hormones, knowing your TSH levels through a blood test can be helpful in determining whether your thyroid gland is functioning properly and sufficiently.
This may seem counterintuitive, but high levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) may indicate an underactive thyroid gland, while low TSH levels may demonstrate an overactive thyroid. This dependence is due to the fact that when your production of T3 and T4 decreases, the body responds by increasing TSH levels in order to stimulate the production of T3 and T4. In the case of an overactive thyroid gland (T3 and T4 increase), the opposite occurs.
The timing of your TSH test may show differences in results as our TSH levels change naturally throughout the day according to. Studies show that TSH values are higher at night and decrease during the day.
If you take a TSH test without taking into account the values of other thyroid hormones, this can lead to an incorrect and incomplete diagnosis. The panel of tests to determine the functioning of the thyroid gland, in addition to TSH, also includes tests for T4 (free T4) and T3 (free or total T3).
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) interactions
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and neurotransmitters
Research and scientific reports show that the hormone dopamine(and other similar compounds) reduces levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
One study of 20 healthy adults found that blocking dopamine receptors led to an increase in TSH levels, indicating a role for dopamine to suppress TSH production.
Another study in mice found that dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine counteract the effects of TSH and block the release of the hormone T4 into the blood. And in a study with rats, it was shown that the administration of norepinephrine leads to an increase in TSH levels.
Another study in rats demonstrated that the hormone serotonin may lead to an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and antidepressants
Anti-depression medications (antidepressants) can have different effects on TSH production depending on their type.
One study of 62 depressed patients found that repeated use of a norepinephrine inhibitor recapture(NRI) reboxetine – lowered TSH levels. However, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drug sertraline increased TSH.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and other hormones
Research has shown that glucocorticoids(steroid hormones such as cortisol and dexamethasone) reduce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in patients with hypothyroidism and in healthy people, possibly by inhibiting the production of the hormone TRH.
Studies in rats have demonstrated that the hormone testosterone may influence the increase in the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Other thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) interactions
Rexinoids (a type of retinol - vitamin A) may lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. in rodents, healthy people and cancer patients (possibly by suppressing TSH secretion and gene expression). However, one study of 10 patients found that one type of rexinoids (bexarotene) did not affect TSH levels.
A meta-analysis of 7 different studies showed a decrease in TSH values in people with hypothyroidism taking the drug metformin. But this decline did not occur in people with normal thyroid function.
Many studies show that interferon-alpha (widely used to treat hepatitis C) leads to an increase in the development of thyroid disorders.
Various opioids lead to an increased rate of development of thyroid insufficiency.
In one study of 38 cancer patients, it was observed that After chemotherapy with Docetaxel, TSH levels increased significantly.
Another study with 70 children school age showed that those children who lived in areas with excess fluoride in water, had higher TSH levels.
It was also revealed that smokers have more low values TSH in the blood than non-smokers.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive and produces excess thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Due to the fact that these hormones are involved in many processes in the body, such a disruption of the thyroid gland can lead to the development of a wide variety of symptoms.
Causes of hyperthyroidism
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease, as well as an autoimmune lesion of the gland, when antibodies begin to act like the effects of TSH, which leads to overproduction of thyroid hormones.
Other common causes of hyperthyroidism include toxic nodular goiter(enlarged thyroid gland, also known as Plummer's disease) and painless (“silent”) thyroiditis(a condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to become inflamed).
It very rarely happens that Pituitary tumors (adenomas) can lead to excessive secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This can lead to an overactive thyroid gland or symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
The most common symptoms of hyperthyroidism may be:
- Nervousness
- Increased sweating (hyperhidrosis)
- Great thirst
- Hyperactive reflexes
- Poor tolerance to temperature changes
Less common symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Increased sensitivity eyes, leading to tearfulness or painful sensitivity to sunlight (photophobia)
- Increase heart rate(tachycardia)
- Tissue swelling (peripheral edema)
- Delayed eyelid movement
- Excessive stool production (more than 3 times per day)
Hyperthyroidism can also cause psychological symptoms such as apathy, although this symptom is more common in older patients (>70 years).
Hyperthyroidism may also cause a range of symptoms that affect the physiology of the mouth, jaw and pharynx. These symptoms include a burning sensation in the mouth, osteoporosis of the jaw bones, enlargement of thyroid tissue (goiter), and an increased risk of developing caries and periodontal disease.
Hyperthyroidism is also known to reduce (by increasing the activity of osteoclasts, cells that break down bone tissue), which can lead to osteoporosis.
Hyperthyroidism is associated with an increase in oxidative stress due to an increase in reactive oxygen species and a decrease in the effectiveness of antioxidants.
Causes of hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism– the opposite of hyperthyroidism, when the thyroid gland does not produce enough T3 and T4 hormones. Because these hormones are distributed throughout the body, a decrease can cause many different symptoms.
Worldwide, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is iodine deficiency.
Another relatively common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto's thyroiditis (an autoimmune disease), where the body's immune system attacks and gradually destroys the thyroid gland.
Procedures that kill or surgically remove thyroid cells, such as iodine ablation or removal of the thyroid gland, can also cause hypothyroidism.
Many studies have shown that lithium therapy increases the likelihood and incidence of hypothyroidism and goiter.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism causes a variety of physical and psychological symptoms.
The most common symptoms of hypothyroidism
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Weight gain
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Memory problems
- Problems with attention
Hypothyroidism can also cause a number of symptoms that affect the oral cavity eg: mouth breathing, thick lips, small lower jaw (micrognathia), thin tooth enamel (enamel hypoplasia), swelling or inflammation of the tongue, enlarged salivary glands, distorted taste (taste perversion).
With long-term hypothyroidism, it can lead to stunted body growth and delayed bone formation. Hypothyroidism is also associated with increased oxidative stress by increasing active forms oxygen and reducing the effects of antioxidants.
Other symptoms of hypothyroidism may include:
- Slow heart rate
- Reduce sweating
- Dyspnea
- Hair loss
- Dry skin (especially on the elbows) or yellow
- Hoarse voice
- Swelling of the body
- Hearing impairment
- Muscle pain
- Slow reflexes
- Decline in childbearing
- erectile disfunction
Causes and factors of high and low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Stress
There are many in various ways effects of stress on T3 and T4 levels. For example, many studies have shown that experiencing negative and stressful life events increases the likelihood of developing Graves' disease, a common cause of thyrotoxicosis (persistent increase in thyroid hormone levels, thyroid hormone toxicity).
However, this conclusion is not so clear-cut, as several other studies have concluded that stress is not involved in the development of Graves' disease and related conditions.
However, several animal studies support the idea that stress is a contributing factor to thyroid dysfunction. For example, several studies in rats have shown that stress disrupts thyroid function, although in different ways.
Stress caused by exposure electric current on rat tails, led to a decrease in the levels of the hormones T3, T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
In rats that were exposed social stress, hypothyroidism developed. Various stressors (including cold water or food deprivation, cold temperature, flashing lights, etc.) led to an increase in the production of T3 and T4 hormones.
Nutrition (diet)
The idea of going on a ketogenic diet (high-fat, low-carb diet) is popular with many people, and is even a common treatment for people with epilepsy. Nevertheless, may interfere with thyroid function. For example, a study of 120 epilepsy patients found that 17% of subjects developed hypothyroidism as a result of this diet.
Another study found that eating a high-fat diet or a low-carbohydrate diet may also reduce T3 hormone levels. A diet high in fat, protein and low in carbohydrates can reduce the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Overeating (gluttony) – another common one cause of thyroid dysfunction. The study found that chronic overeating led to an increase in T3 hormone levels over the short and long term (from 3 weeks to 7 months).
In experiments on rats, they high fat diet, led to suppression of the thyroid gland: the amount of the hormone T4 decreased and the level of TSH increased.
Radiation exposure
Exposure to radiation around the thyroid gland is a major risk factor for the development of thyroid cancer, especially in children.
One of the standard treatments for cancer is radiation therapy. Unfortunately, Radiation therapy puts patients at greater risk of developing thyroid cancer, as shown in several studies involving children.
Radiation also increases the risk of developing thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism.
Soy sauce
Soy products contain substances that may mimic or interfere with the activity of certain hormones (such as estrogen). Because of this, soy products can also interfere with the proper functioning of the thyroid gland.
One study of 189 children found that those children fed soy milk demonstrated in the future much greater likelihood of developing autoimmune thyroid disorders(eg Hashimoto's disease). [AND]
Three months of increased soy intake led to an increase in goiter, drowsiness, and constipation in a study of 37 previously healthy adults. However, these symptoms disappeared after eliminating soy from the diet.
A study of 78 patients (children with hypothyroidism) who were fed soy products found higher levels of the hormone TSH in these children compared to those who did not receive soy.
Iodine
Thyroid hormones are produced with the help of the trace element iodine, which people need to get from food. If there is a lack of iodine in the diet, then such a diet can lead to hypothyroidism and can cause goiter (significant swelling of the thyroid gland that is released in the neck).
However, minor iodine deficiency may actually lead to an overactive thyroid gland(as the thyroid gland is overstimulated to compensate for a mild iodine deficiency).
Many studies also show that Excessive iodine intake can lead to hyperthyroidism. For example, children living in an area with abnormally high iodine concentrations drinking water show more significant disturbances in the functioning of the thyroid gland (increased levels of TSH and thyroid antibodies).
Experiments with animals and studies with cells in test tubes show that excess iodine can be toxic to the thyroid gland, leading to the death of thyroid cells.
Vitamins
Many studies show that vitamin D deficiency associated with thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland. And one study of 60 people found that vitamin D deficiency is also associated with hypothyroidism.
Vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to the development of hypothyroidism, as was found in a study of 116 patients.
What increases the risk of abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels?
Diabetes and thyroid dysfunction
Other studies have reported that up to 30% of patients with diabetes mellitus may demonstrate some type of abnormal thyroid function.
Many studies show that metformin, a medicine used to treat diabetes, reduces the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which further increases the risk of hypothyroidism in people with diabetes.
Pregnancy and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Due to hormonal changes and thyroid stimulation that occur during pregnancy, thyroid dysfunction is more common in pregnant women. Near 2.1-3.4% of pregnant women experience either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
One study of 482 pregnant women with thyroid problems found that if the problems were corrected, there was no risk to their babies. However, these mothers still have increased chance of developing high blood pressure and liver and kidney damage(preeclampsia).
However, pregnancy-related thyroid problems can cause developmental problems in children if left untreated. Children from 62 women who have hypothyroidism showed a decrease in intelligence level (text on IQ), deterioration in speech, attention and reading skills along with overall school performance.
Many other studies have also found a variety adverse effects on children of women with hyperthyroidism. These include: low baby weight during pregnancy (intrauterine growth restriction), premature birth and low birth weight.
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are more likely to get disorders of the thyroid gland and signs of hypothyroidism, For example, autoimmune thyroiditis, high levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the development of goiter. Ovarian cysts are often diagnosed with hypothyroidism, but most likely it is not the cause of this disease.
Treatment options for the thyroid gland
Natural Methods
One study of 36 healthy patients found that eating kelp, which contains large amount of iodine, leads to an increase in the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
If you have thyroid dysfunction, you should limit your intake of large amounts. coffee. Research shows that coffee blocks the body's absorption of the T4 hormone.
if you have lactose intolerance, then limiting your lactose intake may help your thyroid function. A study of 83 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis demonstrated that a lactose-free diet resulted in lower TSH levels in people with lactose intolerance.
Physical exercise help naturally increase TSH and T4 levels. A study of 60 men found that moderate to intense exercise led to an increase in these hormones. The best results in changing hormone levels were obtained by anaerobic(strength) load with a 70% load on the heart rate, but with a further increase in the load to 90% of the heart rate, the level of hormones T3, T4 and TSH began to fall.
Indian medicine plant ashwagandha may also help increase levels of the hormones TSH, T3 and T4 in people with mild form hypothyroidism.
Selenium is important for thyroid health as this trace element helps convert hormones from T4 to T3. Numerous studies have shown that selenium can reduce levels of T4 hormone. In addition, in areas with high rates of goiter and selenium deficiency, levels of the antioxidant glutathione decrease. But taking selenium supplements helped normalize this level.
Treatment methods for hyperthyroidism
The most common treatment for hyperthyroidism in the United States is radioactive ablation with iodine, which is generally safe. Radioactive iodine destroys thyroid cells, and the gland begins to produce less hormones.
Other treatments for thyrotoxicosis include thyroidectomy(surgical removal of the thyroid gland), and taking “ antithyroid drugs, such as Tapazole ( methimazole) and propylthiouracil (which stop the synthesis of thyroid hormones) or cholestyramine (which helps remove excess thyroid hormones from the body).
In addition, drugs such as beta blockers(propranolol, atenolol and nadolol) can also be used to relieve the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Treatment methods for hypothyroidism
One of best options The treatment for hypothyroidism is levothyroxine therapy. This drug increases the level of thyroid hormones in the body.
Another procedure that also increases thyroid hormone levels is taking dried thyroid extract(thyroid tissue taken from animals and prepared for medical use) and taking the drug Liothyronine .
Side effects of thyroid treatment
Main A side effect of radioactive iodine ablation is hypothyroidism., including acute thyroiditis.
One study of 449 patients with Graves' disease showed that side effects of antithyroid drugs include skin rashes, liver damage (hepatotoxicity), and low white blood cell counts (agranulocytosis/neutropenia).
Others side effects antithyroid drugs are joint pain, swelling, nausea and vomiting.
Common complications after thyroidectomy (surgical removal of the gland) are hypothyroidism, low calcium levels, and vocal cord paralysis.
One study of 30 patients with hypothyroidism found that taking levothyroxine may lead to impaired diastolic heart function (filling with blood), decreased cardiac output, and increased wall thickness. arterial vessels.
Additional Information
Many of the studies in this article suggest links between high or low TSH levels and certain health conditions. These studies are relevant, however it is important to note that such a relationship does not mean causation. Just because subnormal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in certain health conditions do not mean that TSH is the cause of changes in health.
Often, changes in TSH levels are the influence of a disease or some factor on the abnormal production of TSH. Without further in-depth research, it is impossible to accurately understand the reason for the change in TSH readings.
The information on this site has not been evaluated in any way. medical organization. We do not seek to diagnose or treat any disease. The information on the site is provided for educational purposes only. You should consult your physician before acting on information from this site, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medications, or have any medical condition.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone plays an important role in the human body, but this substance is especially important for the fairer sex. The functioning of not only the endocrine, but also the female reproductive system largely depends on the level of TSH. Elevated TSH in women threatens many different complications, so it is important to identify and eliminate this disorder in time.
What does elevated TSH affect in women?
Thyrotropin is a hormone that regulates the functioning of the thyroid gland, so the consequences of changes in the production of TSH primarily affect the endocrine organ. A high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone in a woman can lead to the development of hypothyroidism and related diseases. As a result, the nervous and the cardiovascular system, disturbances appear in the organs of hearing, vision, breathing, and gastrointestinal tract.
An increased concentration of thyrotropin in a woman’s blood is also dangerous for the reproductive system, as it often causes deviations in the menstrual cycle, problems with conception and pregnancy. If the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone increases during pregnancy, this can lead to premature birth and fetal malformations.
Reasons for increased TSH
An increase in thyrotropin levels in women may be due to the following reasons:
- pathologies of the thyroid gland (hypo- or hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis);
- neoplasms in the pituitary gland;
- severe somatic diseases;
- insufficient adrenal function;
- cancer processes;
- removal of the gallbladder;
- gestosis (in pregnant women);
- mental disorders;
- lead poisoning.
Elevated TSH does not always mean the presence of any pathology. Thus, the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone can temporarily increase under the influence of certain medications - antipsychotics, iodine-containing medications, hormonal contraceptives, beta-blockers.
What tests for thyroid hormones should a woman undergo?
Symptoms
An increase in the level of thyrotropin causes deviations in the functioning of many systems of the female body, causing the most different symptoms. A woman may notice a sharp increase or decrease in body weight, swelling of the face and limbs, menstrual irregularities, changes in appearance (skin becomes dry, nails become brittle, hair falls out significantly).
Elevated TSH causes constant drowsiness, apathy and irritability due to disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system, anemia, surges in blood pressure, shortness of breath, digestive disorders (decreased appetite, constipation).
All these symptoms are nonspecific and may indicate the development of some other diseases, therefore, if one or more of the above symptoms occur, a woman should consult a doctor and get tested for thyrotropin levels.
Treatment
If a woman is found to have a high concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone, in most cases she is prescribed treatment with synthetic hormonal drugs (Eutyrox, Levothyroxine). The dosage and duration of taking medications is determined individually, drugs are introduced and discontinued gradually.
Throughout the course of treatment, a woman must strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations and adhere to a special diet.
How to lower TSH in women using folk remedies
You can lower TSH levels using the following folk remedies:
- Mix buckthorn bark, juniper berries, and yarrow herb in equal proportions. 2 tbsp. l. collection, brew 1 liter of boiling water, cover with a lid, wrap in a towel and leave for 1 hour. Then strain the product and take 100 ml 3 times a day before meals.
- Mix 1 glass of freshly squeezed persimmon juice with 40 ml of alcohol, pour into a dark glass container and leave for 3 days. Use the finished medicine 1 tbsp. l. three times a day, after diluting it with a small amount of water.
- Take the same amount of celandine, chicory herb, elecampane root and Rhodiola rosea, the fruits of dill and cocklebur. 2 tbsp. l. pour 1 liter of boiling water over the mixture, place in a water bath for 15 minutes, then cool and strain. Take a decoction of 50 ml 3 times a day before meals.
Should not be used alternative medicine as the main method of treatment for elevated thyrotropin concentrations. In addition, before starting to take folk remedies, a woman should consult a doctor and make sure there are no contraindications.
You may be interested in:
What you need to know about the thyroid hormone TSH
Hormone balance: what does it mean if TSH is elevated?
Abnormalities of TSH in children: causes, symptoms, methods of correction
The human body is sensitive to any hormonal changes. When the TSH level in the blood changes, symptoms appear in various organs and systems: the heart, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system and even the psyche.
Long-term disturbances in hormonal levels lead to serious diseases, including cancer. Most often, ladies are interested in why TSH is elevated and what it means for a woman.
TSH - what is it and what are the norms?
TSH is the abbreviation used when taking a blood test for thyroid hormones. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) is synthesized in the pituitary gland. Why is a TSH test prescribed when thyroid disease is suspected? It's simple: thyroid-stimulating hormone regulates the level of T3 (interpretation - triiodothyronine) and T4 (full name - thyroxine), synthesized in the thyroid gland.
If these active substances is not produced enough, for example, with hypothyroidism, the pituitary gland increases the production of TSH. Thyrotropin “stimulates” the thyroid gland for active synthesis of hormones. If the level of T3 and T4 in the blood is too high (thyrotoxicosis, diffuse goiter), then the pituitary gland, inhibiting the synthesis of TSH, “removes” the thyroid-stimulating factor.
A clear relationship - thyrotropin is increased, T3-T4 is decreased and vice versa - is recorded only in the absence of pathology of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. These two glands, located in the brain, act as the main “controllers” of the thyroid gland.
The level of thyrotropin is maximum in newborns (1.1-17.0) and gradually decreases until 14 years of age. From this age, in women, the normal TSH level varies between 0.4-4.0 mU/l. The value of thyrotropin even in healthy woman changes throughout the day, so it is recommended to take a hormone test in the morning, on an empty stomach. The day before donating blood, it is recommended to refuse fatty foods, alcohol, even drinking vitamin complexes. If the patient receives replacement therapy hormones, usually the course is interrupted 2 weeks before. before taking the test as directed by your doctor.
Important! A woman can take a TSH test on any day of the menstrual cycle. The phase of the menstrual cycle does not affect the level of thyrotropin.
Slightly elevated TSH of the thyroid gland, inconsistent over time, is not considered a pathology. This condition can occur after heavy physical activity or is triggered by taking anticonvulsant medications. However, a single case of deviation is not accompanied by organic disorders of the thyroid gland. A temporary increase in TSH is not accompanied by abnormalities recorded on ultrasound.
The endocrine system sometimes reacts quite violently to pregnancy. Thus, the TSH level in the expectant mother decreases significantly in comparison with the age norm and depends on the duration of pregnancy:
- in the first trimester (the first 3 months of gestation) - 0.1-0.4;
- in the second trimester (3-6 months of pregnancy) - 0.3-2.8;
- in the third trimester (from 6 months until birth) - 0.4-3.5.
Minor deviations from normal values are not considered a sign of a pathological process.
What pregnant women need to know about TSH:
- IN different countries the standards are slightly different. Thus, in the USA, the TSH norm is slightly lower than Russian indicators. However, even in our country, some doctors adhere to different limit values: 3 or 4 mU/l.
- The safe TSH limit for a woman planning a pregnancy is 2.5 mU/L. Exceeding this level can lead to problems during pregnancy.
- Only an endocrinologist (not a gynecologist!) can prescribe iodine preparations during pregnancy. An overdose of iodine-containing drugs can cause an increase in the hormone during pregnancy.
- Every fourth pregnant woman has TSH slightly below normal, and in multiple pregnancies, the thyrotropin level often drops to 0.
- If in the first trimester the TSH hormone is elevated to significant levels, there is a high risk of miscarriage and the development of abnormalities in the fetus (mental abnormalities, mental retardation) and pregnancy complications (preeclampsia - preeclampsia). In such cases, a full examination of the woman and further therapy are required.
Hormonal imbalance occurs against the background of physical overstrain and a violent emotional reaction to various events. However, this reaction is most often temporary and does not pose a risk of developing serious illnesses.
A long-term increase in TSH can be observed with prolonged depression, insomnia, fasting or a strict diet, taking certain medications (beta-blockers for hypertension, antipsychotics, Prednisolone and Cerucal, estrogens, iodine preparations in excessive dosages). Sometimes exceeding the norm is a consequence of an overdose of thyreostatic drugs, for example, Mercazolil. An elevated level of thyrotropin in repeated studies indicates a serious disorder in the female body.
Important! Exceeding the norm of TSH is recorded after resection of the gallbladder and in old age.
An increase in thyrotropin is considered in conjunction with changes in T3, T4 indicators:
- Euthyroidism - TSH and T4 without significant changes;
- Subclinical hypothyroidism - TSH above 10 honey/l, T4 and T3 are normal;
- Obvious hypothyroidism - TSH is elevated, T2 and T3 are low;
- High TSH with concomitant hyperthyroidism (a sign of hormone insensitivity) - TSH and T4 are elevated.
Organic causes of elevated TSH in women:
- Hypothyroid condition that arose against the background surgical excision thyroid gland, hemodialysis or radioiodine therapy - TSH is up to 10 times higher than normal, T4 is reduced;
- Autoimmune thyroiditis in the phase of subclinical hypothyroidism (including postpartum thyroiditis) - TSH is elevated, T4 is normal;
- Autoimmune thyroiditis in the phase of obvious hypothyroidism - TSH is more than 10 honey/l, T4 is reduced, antibodies to TPO are detected;
- Endemic goiter in the stage of subhypothyroidism - TSH is at the upper limit or slightly increased, T4 is at the lower limit or reduced, T3 is at the upper limit of normal;
- Endemic goiter at the stage of hypothyroidism - high levels of thyrotropin, low levels of T4 and T3;
- Primary adrenal insufficiency - against the background of low cortisol levels, TSH is slightly increased (usually no more than 15 honey/l);
- Hyperprolactinemia - often indicates a tumor of the pituitary gland (sometimes occurs with polycystic ovary syndrome, cirrhosis of the liver, chronic renal failure), TSH is elevated, T4 is normal;
- Genetically determined immunity of thyroid hormones by the pituitary gland - regardless of the level of thyroid hormones (usually significantly higher than normal), TSH is high, and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis appear;
- Insensitivity of all body tissues to thyroid hormones is a serious condition accompanied by growth retardation and mental disorders.
Important! Often in women after 50 years of age, TSH is elevated during the development of breast cancer and is an indirect indication of oncological pathology. Sometimes TSH-produced tumors develop in the lungs.
The nature of the pathology is determined by instrumental examination - ultrasound, computed tomography. Thyroid hormone tests can determine the stage of the pathological process.
Symptoms of abnormal TSH levels
A slight increase in thyrotropin usually does not cause painful symptoms in women. A complete absence of complaints or mild symptoms are also characteristic of subclinical hypothyroidism, when T4 is within normal limits. Severe symptoms endocrine disorders appear at a TSH level of 7.0-75 mU/l.
Women make the following complaints:
- swelling of the face, thinning of the outer third of the eyebrows;
- pale and excessively dry skin;
- dull, brittle hair, splitting and weakness of the nail plate;
- weakness, constant drowsiness;
- suppressed emotions, depressive states and increased irritability;
- rare pulse, decreased/increased a/d;
- weight gain due to poor appetite, constipation;
- anemia.
High TSH: what to do?
If a high level of thyrotropin is detected, you should contact an experienced endocrinologist. Monitoring T3 and T4 indicators, ultrasound of the thyroid gland, x-ray of the pituitary zone is the main diagnostic complex that allows you to determine the nature of the pathology.
With elevated thyroid TSH of more than 7 mU/l, the endocrinologist prescribes synthetic hormones - L-iroxin, Bagotirox or Eutirox. The dose is selected individually and adjusted during treatment taking into account a blood test. In most cases, a woman takes synthetic hormones for life.
Only with a slight increase in TSH (subclinical hypothyroidism, euthyroidism with normal indicators T3 and T4) can be restored normal level without hormone therapy. The treatment complex includes strict nutritional correction (exclusion of gluten and casein), education of psycho-emotional stability, taking multivitamins and maintaining the correct work and rest regime.
The nuances of treating high TSH:
- Iodine-containing drugs are used to treat only iodine deficiency and endemic goiter. If the thyroid tissue is damaged, which is detected in most cases, taking iodides is useless.
- Not a single medicinal herb contains substances identical in composition and action to thyroid hormones. Therefore, replacing drug therapy with folk remedies is impractical and life-threatening.
- For subclinical hypothyroidism, pregnant women are required to be prescribed hormonal medications.
Conclusion and forecast
Although critically high TSH and hypothyroidism rarely lead to death, with a prolonged increase in hormone levels, a woman runs the risk of “acquiring” a number of serious diseases, excess weight of which is only the most harmless consequence.
Persistently high levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone are fraught with the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, mental disorders. The most severe prognosis concerns patients suffering from insensitivity to thyroid hormones, the pituitary gland or the entire body.
In such cases, high-dose treatment with hormones is required. Drug compensation will not eliminate already developed mental disorders, but will stop their progression.
