The human skin is home to many different bacteria that make up local immunity. One of the representatives of such microorganisms is Staphylococcus epidermidis. By various reasons this bacterium can multiply, causing some dermatological diseases, defeats internal organs digestive tract and mucous membranes.
Causes and symptoms of Staphylococcus epidermidis
Most often, the described pathology occurs during inpatient treatment in a hospital. Infection occurs due to surgical operations and other manipulations associated with the use of catheters, valves and prostheses. After staphylococcus enters the blood, the bacterium spreads throughout the body, penetrating the mucous surfaces of the internal organs.
Also, defeat can occur against the background of decreased immunity or the activation of chronic human diseases.
There are known cases of infection with the bacterium through food products. In such situations, inflammation in the large intestine and intoxication occur.
Main symptoms:
- carbuncles and boils on the skin;
- nausea, vomiting;
- acne, ;
- bowel disorders;
- moderate increase in temperature to subfebrile values (37-37.2 degrees);
- fatigue, weakness.
Typically expressed clinical manifestations there is no infection, the inflammatory process is sluggish or in the subacute phase. Signs of intoxication and damage to individual internal organs are rarely observed.
Staphylococcus epidermidis in urine and smear
It is important to note that the microorganism in question is normally found on absolutely all mucous surfaces. Therefore, its detection in the analysis of urine and vaginal discharge is not a reason to start treatment if the concentration does not exceed acceptable values(up to 10 to the 5th power of units).
Staphylococcus epidermidis is also present in the nose and eyes (internal mucous membrane). It is considered abnormal if the number of microorganisms is greater than the specified indicators, as well as when furunculous tumors appear in the nasopharynx or on the eyelids.
If the pathogenic proliferation of staphylococci is not treated, the following diseases may occur:
- genitourinary infections;
- cervical erosion;
- conjunctivitis;
- sinusitis;
- laryngitis;
- angina;
- inflammation of the adenoids and tonsils;
- cystitis;
- kidney damage.
How to treat Staphylococcus epidermidis?
Like any others bacterial infections, this pathology is subject to long-term complex therapy. In addition, there is no single approach to the treatment of Staphylococcus epidermidis, since the microorganism is quite resistant to most known antibiotic drugs.
Today, the essence of therapy consists of the following activities:
Also during treatment it is important to restore normal intestinal microflora through special drugs with lacto- and bifidobacteria. It would be useful to take vitamin and mineral complexes and follow the rules of a healthy diet.
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a conditionally pathogenic bacteria. When the body's immune defense is weakened, it causes various shapes diseases of the skin, respiratory system and urinary system.
Staphylococcus epidermidis belongs to the group of opportunistic bacteria of the Micrococcaceae family that are opportunistic for humans. The microorganism takes root on any area of the skin and mucous membranes, resulting in staphylococcal infection. To get rid of it quickly, you should know how and how to treat the pathology.
Staphylococcal (translated into Latin - Staphylococcaceae) is a type of bacteria that secretes exo-, endotoxins and affects the epidermis and mucous membranes, causing inflammatory processes with suppuration. Microbes are immobile, spherical in shape, can develop in the absence of oxygen and live in the air. Staphylococcus has different types - in the classifier for 2016 there are 50 names. However, few strains can cause severe infections in humans.
Types of staphylococcus:
Each strain has a preference (tropism) for certain types tissues and cells of the body. Scientists also isolate white staphylococcus. This is the name given to a whole group of microbes that do not produce the characteristic yellow and green pigment. Researchers, after discovering a new strain - silver Staphylococcus, continued to study it to understand why members of the Staphylococcaceae family are resistant to penicillins and other antibiotics.
Microbes are also divided into 2 groups - coagulase-positive staphylococci, including aureus, and negative ones (epidermidis, saprophyticus, others). That is, they produce the enzyme coagulase, which causes blood plasma to clot, or not. Staphylococcus coagulase negative also includes hominis, staphylococcus haemolyticus, viridians (green). The most dangerous species for humans are epidermal, golden and hemolytic staphylococcus.
Reasons for the development of infection
Among the main factors are reduced immunity, injuries to the skin and mucous membranes, lack of adequate treatment, non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards, chronic pathologies, and stress. Some people are more susceptible to staph infections than others. This is facilitated by working in hazardous industries, long hospital stays, surgical and other medical interventions for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, and consumption of contaminated products.
What diseases does staphylococcus cause?
Staphylococcal infection is common name group of pathologies caused by bacteria of the Staphylococcaceae family. When the protective barrier is damaged, other types of pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can also join microbes, resulting in a person developing mixed type pathologies.
Staphylococcus epidermidis causes damage to:
Staphylococcus saprophytic causes infections in the genitourinary system because it lives on the tissues of the genitals. Most often, urethritis and cystitis occur, and if there is no therapy, against the background of these pathologies, other areas become inflamed.
It provokes sepsis, endocarditis, pyoderma - purulent skin lesions. It, like other strains, is a causative agent of pathologies genitourinary system. Among other diseases, hemolytic staphylococcus causes arthritis, osteomyelitis and other infections of the musculoskeletal system, toxic shock, meningitis, inflammation of lung tissue, and gastrointestinal tract.
Symptoms of infection
Clinical picture depends solely on the disease that has arisen. Due to the fact that the causative agent of pathologies is one - staphylococcus, there are a number of similar symptoms. This low-grade fever- up to 37.2˚C, lethargy, excessive fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, loose stools.
Often, with a chronic, sluggish course, acne, comedones, and comedones appear, which are located on the back, chest, and buttocks.
The epidermis is susceptible to staphylococcus infection to a greater extent and the symptoms are more pronounced. The acute form of skin pathologies is accompanied by a change in the color of the skin, an increase in temperature, swelling of the tissues, intoxication, the formation of ulcers, erosions, blisters at the site of the lesion, purulent discharge, other signs of the development of epidermal staphylococcus.
Diagnostic measures
When analyzing non-sterile biomaterials, doctors take into account exceptionally high strain concentrations. Negative result may be false, therefore, if a characteristic picture of infection occurs, the study must be repeated. To diagnose the type of staphylococcus, donate blood, urine, feces to clinical analysis and make bacterial inoculations from other biomaterials.
For bacterial culture take:
- skin scrapings;
- smears, washes from the mucous membrane;
- sputum;
- pus, discharge from the breast or wound.
Before collecting biomaterial, you should not eat, smoke, drink alcohol, or consume fatty or fried foods. If you have skin lesions, you should not wash or apply antibacterial drugs or agents that may affect the test result. 
Therapeutic measures
Treatment of staphylococcus consists of prescribing antibiotics wide range, immunomodulators, vitamin complexes. It is also necessary to maintain basic hygiene, treat skin lesions with antiseptics, and increase immunity. Physiotherapy procedures of various types are used after an exacerbation of the process.
The therapeutic regimen is prescribed based on test results, objective examination, medical history, individual characteristics. Your doctor will help you with this.
What medications are used against staphylococcus:
- solutions: sodium hypochlorite, furatsilin, retinol acetate, methyl blue;
- ointments: Hexachlorophenic, Bactobran, Baneocin;
- boric acid;
- Castellani liquid;
- Lysozyme;
- complex immunoglobulin preparation;
- staphylococcal toxoid or antiphagin.
Hemolytic Staphylococcus and other species are treated with bacteriophages, antibiotics, and various solutions for treating the nasopharynx based on chlorophyllipt. They also carry out detoxification with colloidal drugs, prescribe UHF, ultraviolet irradiation, hardware washing of the tonsils and other therapeutic measures.
Traditional methods are not to the fullest effective against staphylococcus. If you interrupt conservative therapy or take partially prescribed medications, the disease will worsen, and the bacteria will adapt to the substances in the medications and will require the selection of other medications in the future.
Staph infections can affect the entire body or limited areas. To prevent it, you need to visit more often fresh air, watch your diet, psychological state. We must not forget about the control of chronic diseases and their full treatment. You can protect yourself from staphylococcal infection only through preventive measures.
Staphylococcus is a non-motile bacteria that develops on human mucous membranes and skin. There are 3 dangerous species of this infection, which includes Staphylococcus epidermidis. This type of microorganism can cause many serious illnesses. This microbe takes root on any mucous membrane (throat, nose, external auditory canal, oral cavity) or smooth area of skin. Hence the name: epidermis - the surface layer of the skin.
Causes of development and routes of infection
Compared to Staphylococcus aureus, the epidermal species is part of the normal microflora of human skin, so for healthy person it's safe. It develops in exhausted, weakened people, pregnant women, patients in postoperative period or while in intensive care. This microbe is also often found in dysbacteriosis. Staphylococcus aureus enters the body through wounds, drainages, urinary and vascular catheters. This can lead to blood poisoning or endocarditis - inflammation inner shell hearts.
The skin localization of this microbe provides for different options for the transmission of epidermal staphylococcus through the presence of microorganisms in the air of dust that has come into contact with clothing or other objects of the carrier of the infection.
Symptoms of Staphylococcus epidermidis
This type of microbe causes many difficulties for surgeons who perform internal prosthetics, since blood vessels and artificial valves become infected. During implantation, the infection process takes a long time and in most cases is asymptomatic. Patients with neutropenia suffer from the development of massive bacteremia and severe intoxication begins. Sometimes this even leads to fatal outcome. Infected vascular implants cause the appearance of false aneurysms - this is what threatens the patient’s life.
In women who are infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis, a lesion is diagnosed urethra. In this case, the surface tissues become inflamed. First arise discomfort in the abdominal area. Then the body temperature rises to 40 degrees, the state of health worsens, and rashes in the form of acne appear on the skin. If the condition worsens, hospitalization cannot be avoided. But only after confirming the diagnosis and determining the degree of exposure to epidermal staphylococcus, the doctor will be able to prescribe the optimal course of treatment, which consists of auxiliary drugs (vitamins, enzymes, etc.).
When infected with this microbe, signs of damage to one or more internal organs appear. Symptoms of intoxication are also characteristic. If a staphylococcal infection has affected the intestines, then impurities of green mucus and pus are often found in the stool.
Prevention and treatment
To protect the body from infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis, it is necessary to follow the rules of personal hygiene. It is better to protect yourself from this microbe in advance, because treating the consequences of its development is not an easy task. After all, this particular type of staphylococcus is capable of developing resistance to antibacterial medications and antibiotics. This fact proven by the use of penicillin. Therefore, taking antibiotics cannot be prerequisite treatment of epidermal staphylococcus. This is provable using the example with food poisoning, when it is not the microbe itself that is important, but the toxins.
Thanks to latest achievements In the field of medicine, today it is possible to easily detect Staphylococcus epidermidis in the body and determine the sensitivity of the microbe to drugs. Based on the results of such a study, the doctor prescribes appropriate therapy.
The main danger of Staphylococcus epidermidis is that this microbe greatly weakens the immune system long time. And the weakened body is subsequently exposed to any diseases.
ethnoscience
At a time when there was not such an abundance of medicines as there is today, epidermal staphylococcus was treated with clay, resins, mumiyo, leeches, honey and herbs. The possibilities of herbal medicine in the treatment of such diseases are very great and many people have become convinced of this. After all, special plants and herbs are not only a destructive force for various kinds of viruses, fungi and microbes, but also increase the body’s immunity, lower body temperature, reduce inflammation, relieve swelling, and remove harmful substances. In addition, herbal medicines do not cause side effects, do not cause complications and do not provoke the occurrence of other diseases. Low price, accessibility and efficiency are the main advantages traditional medicine in the treatment of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
If you want to overcome Staphylococcus epidermidis, your natural medicine cabinet should contain the following antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory herbs: plantain, eucalyptus, string, fireweed, barberry, licorice, strawberries, currants, rose hips, oregano. And the flowers of elderberry, meadowsweet, linden, sunflower, as well as licorice root activate the body’s production of its own anti-inflammatory hormones.
When treating Staphylococcus epidermidis, pay serious attention to nutrition. Your daily diet should include foods such as blueberries, apricots, raspberries, barberries, apples, cherries, garlic, onions, capsicums and salad peppers. All this is detrimental to the pathogen. Add spices to your food: coriander, cinnamon, ginger. Refrain from consuming products that contain antioxidants, emulsifiers, dyes, preservatives, and modified elements. This kind of food destroys beneficial bacteria and thereby reduces the body's protective functions. As immunomodulators, doctors can advise you on drugs based on ginseng, cordyceps, milk thistle, and lemongrass.
Only an integrated approach to treatment, which should consist not only of medical supplies, but also with herbal remedies, will help cope with epidermal staphylococcus.
