Mayakovsky and what? Vladimir Mayakovsky - facts, poems, biography - One of the greatest poets of the 20th century. Birth and family

Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich (1893-1930) - Russian poet, playwright and satirist, screenwriter and editor of several magazines, film director and actor. He is one of the greatest futurist poets of the twentieth century.

Birth and family

Vladimir was born on July 19, 1893 in Georgia in the village of Bagdati. Then it was Kutaisi province, in Soviet time the village was called Mayakovsky, now Baghdati has become a city in the Imereti region in western Georgia.

Father, Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky, born in 1857, was from the Erivan province, where he served as a forester and had the third rank in this profession. Having moved to Bagdati in 1889, he got a job in the local forestry department. My father was an agile and tall man with broad shoulders. He had a very expressive and tanned face; jet black beard and hair combed to one side. He had a powerful chest bass, which was completely passed on to his son.

He was an impressionable person, cheerful and very friendly, however, his father’s mood could change sharply and very often. He knew a lot of witticisms and jokes, anecdotes and proverbs, various funny incidents from life; fluent in Russian, Tatar, Georgian and Armenian languages.

Mother, Pavlenko Alexandra Alekseevna, born in 1867, came from Cossacks, was born in the Kuban village of Ternovskaya. Her father, Alexey Ivanovich Pavlenko, was a captain of the Kuban infantry regiment, participated in the Russian-Turkish war, had medals and many military awards. Beautiful woman, serious, with brown eyes and brown hair, always combed smoothly back.

Volodya's son was very similar in face to his mother, and in manners he looked exactly like his father. In total, five children were born into the family, but two boys died young: Sasha in infancy, and Kostya, when he was three years old, from scarlet fever. Vladimir had two older sisters - Lyuda (born in 1884) and Olya (born in 1890).

Childhood

From his Georgian childhood, Volodya recalled picturesque Beautiful places. The Khanis-Tskhali river flowed in the village, there was a bridge across it, next to which the Mayakovsky family rented three rooms in the house of local resident Kostya Kuchukhidze. The forestry office was located in one of these rooms.

Mayakovsky remembered how his father subscribed to the magazine Rodina, which had a humorous supplement. In winter, the family gathered in the room, looked at a magazine and laughed.

Already at the age of four, the boy really liked to be told something before going to bed, especially poetry. Mom read Russian poets to him - Nekrasov and Krylov, Pushkin and Lermontov. And when his mother was busy and could not read a book to him, little Volodya began to cry. If he liked a verse, he memorized it and then recited it loudly in a clear, childish voice.

As he grew a little older, the boy discovered that if he climbed into a large clay vessel for wine (in Georgia they were called churiami) and read poetry there, it would become very echoing and loud.

Volodya's birthday coincided with his father's birthday. They always had a lot of guests on July 19th. In 1898, little Mayakovsky specially for this day memorized Lermontov’s poem “Dispute” and read it in front of the guests. Then the parents bought a camera, and the five-year-old boy composed his first poetic lines: “Mom is glad, dad is glad that we bought the device”.

By the age of six, Volodya already knew how to read; he learned on his own, without outside help. True, the boy did not like the first book he read in its entirety, “The Poultry Keeper Agafya,” written by children’s writer Klavdiya Lukashevich. However, she did not discourage him from reading; he did it with gusto.

In the summer, Volodya filled his pockets full of fruit, grabbed something edible for his dog friends, took a book and headed out to the garden. There he sat under a tree, lay on his stomach and could read in this position all day. And next to him, two or three dogs lovingly guarded him. When it got dark, he would roll over on his back and could spend hours looking at the starry sky.

WITH early years In addition to his love of reading, the boy tried to make the first visual sketches, and also showed resourcefulness and wit, which his father greatly encouraged.

Studies

In the summer of 1900, his mother took seven-year-old Mayakovsky to Kutais to prepare him for entering the gymnasium. His mother’s friend studied with him, and the boy studied with great enthusiasm.

In the fall of 1902, he entered the Kutaisi classical gymnasium. While studying, Volodya tried to write his first poems. When they got to his class teacher, he noted the child’s unique style.

But poetry at that time attracted Mayakovsky less than art. He drew everything he saw around him, and he was especially good at illustrations of the works he read and caricatures of family life. Sister Lyuda was just preparing to enter the Stroganov School in Moscow and studied with the only artist in Kutais, S. Krasnukha, who graduated from the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. When she asked Rubella to look at her brother’s drawings, he ordered the boy to be brought and began teaching him for free. The Mayakovskys had already assumed that Volodya would become an artist.

And in February 1906, the family suffered a terrible tragedy. At first there was joy, my father was appointed chief forester in Kutais and everyone was happy that now they would live as a family in the same house (after all, Volodya and sister Olenka were studying at the gymnasium there at that time). Dad in Baghdati was preparing to hand over his cases and was filing some documents. He pricked his finger with a needle, but did not pay any attention to this trifle and left for the forestry. My hand began to hurt and break out. My father died quickly and abruptly from blood poisoning; it was no longer possible to save him. A loving family man, a caring father and good husband.

Dad was 49 years old, he was filled with energy and strength, he had never been sick before, which is why the tragedy was so unexpected and difficult. On top of that, the family had no savings. My father was one year short of retirement. So the Mayakovskys had to sell off their furniture in order to buy food. The eldest daughter Lyudmila, who studied in Moscow, insisted that her mother and the younger ones move in with her. The Mayakovskys borrowed two hundred rubles from good friends for the journey and left their native Kutais forever.

Moscow

This city struck the young Mayakovsky on the spot. The boy, who grew up in the wilderness, was shocked by the size, crowds and noise. He was amazed by the two-story horse cars, the lighting and elevators, the shops and cars.

Mom, with the help of friends, got Volodya into the Fifth Classical Gymnasium. In the evenings and Sundays he attended art courses at the Stroganov School. And the young man was literally sick of cinema; he could go to three shows at once in one evening.

Soon, at the gymnasium, Mayakovsky began to attend a Social Democratic circle. In 1907, members of the circle published the illegal magazine “Proryv”, for which Mayakovsky composed two poetic works.

And already at the beginning of 1908, Volodya confronted his relatives with the fact that he had left the gymnasium and joined the Social Democratic Labor Party of the Bolsheviks.

He became a propagandist; Mayakovsky was arrested three times, but was released because he was a minor. He was placed under police surveillance, and the guards gave him the nickname “Tall.”

While in prison, Vladimir again began to write poetry, and not just a few, but large and many. He wrote a thick notebook, which he later recognized as the beginning of his poetic activity.

At the beginning of 1910, Vladimir was released, he left the party and entered the preparatory course at the Stroganov School. In 1911 he began studying at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Here he soon became a member of the poetry club, joining the futurists.

Creation

In 1912, Mayakovsky’s poem “Night” was published in the collection of futurist poetry “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste.”

In the literary and artistic basement “Stray Dog” on November 30, 1912, Mayakovsky made his first public appearance, he recited his poems. And the next year, 1913, was marked by the release of his first collection of poetry entitled “I”.

With members of the Futurist Club, Vladimir went on a tour of Russia, where he read his poems and lectures.

Soon they started talking about Mayakovsky, and there was a reason for this, one after another he created his such different works:

rebellious poem “Here!”;
the colorful, touching and empathetic verse “Listen”;
tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky";
verse-disdain “To you”;
anti-war “Me and Napoleon”, “Mom and the evening killed by the Germans”.

The poet met the October Revolution at the headquarters of the uprising in Smolny. From the very first days, he began to actively cooperate with the new government:

In 1918 he became the organizer of the group of communist futurists “Comfut”.
From 1919 to 1921 he worked as a poet and artist at the Russian Telegraph Agency (ROSTA), and participated in the design of satirical propaganda posters.
In 1922 he became the organizer of the Moscow Futurist Association (MAF).
Since 1923, he was the ideological inspirer of the Left Front of the Arts (LEF) group and worked as editor-in-chief of the LEF magazine.

He dedicated many of his works to revolutionary events:

"Ode to the Revolution";
"Our March";
“To the workers of Kursk...”;
"150,000,000";
"Vladimir Ilyich Lenin";
"Mystery-buff."

After the revolution, Vladimir became increasingly attracted to cinema. Only in 1919, three films were made, in which he acted as a screenwriter, actor and director.

From 1922 to 1924, Vladimir traveled abroad, after which he wrote a series of poems based on his impressions of Latvia, France, and Germany.

In 1925, he made an extended American tour, visiting Mexico and Havana and writing the essay “My Discovery of America.”

Returning to his homeland, he traveled throughout the Soviet Union, speaking to various audiences. Collaborated with many newspapers and magazines:

"News";
"Krasnaya Niva";
"TVNZ";
"Crocodile";
"New world";
"Ogonyok";
"Young guard".

In two years (1926-1927), the poet created nine film scripts. Meyerhold staged two satirical plays by Mayakovsky, “Bathhouse” and “The Bedbug.”

Personal life

In 1915, Mayakovsky met Lilya and Osip Brik. He became friends with this family. But soon the relationship grew from friendship into something more serious, Vladimir became so carried away by Lily that for a long time the three of them lived together. After the revolution, such relations did not surprise anyone. Osip was not an enemy of the family from three people and due to health problems, he lost his wife to a younger and to a strong man. Moreover, Mayakovsky supported the Briks financially after the revolution and almost until his death.

Lilya became his muse, he dedicated every poem to this woman, but she was not the only one.

In 1920, Vladimir met the artist Lilya Lavinskaya, these love relationship ended with the birth of Lavinsky's son Gleb-Nikita, who later became a famous Soviet sculptor.

After a short relationship with Russian emigrant Elizaveta Siebert, a girl, Helen-Patricia (Elena Vladimirovna Mayakovskaya), was born. Vladimir saw his daughter only once in Nice in 1928, when she was only two years old. Helen became a famous American writer and philosopher and died in 2016.

Mayakovsky's last love was the beautiful young actress Veronica Polonskaya.

Death

By 1930, many began to say that Mayakovsky had written himself out. None of the state leaders or prominent writers came to his exhibition “20 Years of Work”. He wanted to go abroad, but was denied a visa. Diseases were added to everything. Mayakovsky was depressed and could not stand such a depressing state.

On April 14, 1930, he committed suicide by shooting himself with a revolver. For three days an endless stream of people came to the House of Writers, where farewell to Mayakovsky took place. He was buried at the New Donskoy Cemetery, and in 1952, at the request of his older sister Lyudmila, the ashes were reburied at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky. Born on July 7 (19), 1893 in Bagdati, Kutaisi province - died on April 14, 1930 in Moscow. Russian and Soviet poet, playwright, screenwriter, film director, actor, artist. One of the most outstanding poets of the 20th century.

Vladimir Mayakovsky was born on July 7 (19 according to the new style) July 1893 in Bagdati, Kutaisi province (Georgia).

Father - Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky (1857-1906), served as a third-class forester in the Erivan province, from 1889 in the Bagdat forestry. My father died from blood poisoning after pricking his finger with a needle while stitching papers - from then on, Vladimir Mayakovsky had a phobia of pins, needles, hairpins, etc., fearing infection, bacteriophobia haunted him all his life.

Mother - Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko (1867-1954), from the Kuban Cossacks, was born in the village of Ternovskaya in the Kuban.

In the poem “Vladikavkaz - Tiflis” Mayakovsky calls himself a “Georgian”.

One of his grandmothers, Efrosinya Osipovna Danilevskaya, is the cousin of the author of historical novels G. P. Danilevsky.

He had two sisters: Lyudmila (1884-1972) and Olga (1890-1949).

He had two brothers: Konstantin (died at the age of three from scarlet fever) and Alexander (died in infancy).

In 1902, Mayakovsky entered the gymnasium in Kutaisi. Like his parents, he was fluent Georgian language.

In his youth, he took part in revolutionary demonstrations and read propaganda brochures.

After the death of his father in 1906, Mayakovsky, along with his mother and sisters, moved to Moscow, where he entered the fourth grade of the 5th classical gymnasium (now Moscow school No. 91 on Povarskaya Street, the building has not survived), and studied in the same class with his brother Shura.

The family lived in poverty. In March 1908, he was expelled from the 5th grade due to non-payment of tuition.

Mayakovsky published his first “half-poem” in the illegal magazine “Rush,” which was published by the Third Gymnasium. According to him, “it turned out incredibly revolutionary and equally ugly.”

In Moscow, Mayakovsky met revolutionary-minded students, began to become interested in Marxist literature, and in 1908 joined the RSDLP. He was a propagandist in the commercial and industrial subdistrict, and in 1908-1909 he was arrested three times (in the case of an underground printing house, on suspicion of connections with a group of anarchist expropriators, on suspicion of aiding the escape of female political prisoners from Novinsky prison).

In the first case, he was released under the supervision of his parents by a court verdict as a minor who acted “without understanding”; in the second and third cases, he was released due to lack of evidence.

In prison, Mayakovsky was a “scandal,” so he was often transferred from unit to unit: Basmannaya, Meshchanskaya, Myasnitskaya and, finally, Butyrskaya prison, where he spent 11 months in solitary confinement No. 103. In prison in 1909, Mayakovsky again began writing poetry, but was dissatisfied with what was written.

After his third arrest, he was released from prison in January 1910. After his release, he left the party. In 1918 he wrote in his autobiography: “Why not in the party? Communists worked at the fronts. In art and education there are still compromisers. They would send me to fish in Astrakhan.”

In 1911, the poet’s friend, bohemian artist Eugenia Lang, inspired the poet to take up painting.

Mayakovsky studied at preparatory class Stroganov School, in the studios of artists S. Yu. Zhukovsky and P. I. Kelin. In 1911, he entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture - the only place where he was accepted without a certificate of trustworthiness. Having met David Burliuk, the founder of the futurist group "Gilea", he entered the poetic circle and joined the Cubo-Futurists. The first published poem was called “Night” (1912), it was included in the futuristic collection “A Slap in the Face of Public Taste.”

On November 30, 1912, Mayakovsky’s first public performance took place in the artistic basement “Stray Dog”.

In 1913, Mayakovsky’s first collection “I” (a cycle of four poems) was published. It was written by hand, provided with drawings by Vasily Chekrygin and Lev Zhegin and reproduced lithographically in the amount of 300 copies. As the first section, this collection was included in the poet’s book of poems “Simple as a Moo” (1916). His poems also appeared on the pages of futurist almanacs “Mares’ Milk”, “Dead Moon”, “Roaring Parnassus”, etc., and began to be published in periodicals.

In the same year, the poet turned to drama. The program tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky” was written and staged. The scenery for it was written by artists from the “Youth Union” P. N. Filonov and I. S. Shkolnik, and the author himself acted as director and leading actor.

In February 1914, Mayakovsky and Burliuk were expelled from the school for public speaking.

In 1914-1915, Mayakovsky worked on the poem “A Cloud in Pants”. After the outbreak of the First World War, the poem “War Has Been Declared” was published. In August, Mayakovsky decided to sign up as a volunteer, but he was not allowed, explaining this as political unreliability. Soon Mayakovsky expressed his attitude towards serving in the tsarist army in the poem “To you!”, which later became a song.

On March 29, 1914, Mayakovsky, together with Burliuk and Kamensky, arrived on tour in Baku - as part of the “famous Moscow futurists.” That evening, at the Mailov Brothers Theater, Mayakovsky read a report on futurism, illustrating it with poetry.

In July 1915, the poet met Lilya Yuryevna and Osip Maksimovich Brik. In 1915-1917, Mayakovsky, under the patronage, was military service in Petrograd at the Automotive Training School.

Soldiers were not allowed to publish, but he was saved by Osip Brik, who bought the poems “Spine Flute” and “Cloud in Pants” for 50 kopecks per line and published them. His anti-war lyrics: “Mom and the evening killed by the Germans”, “Me and Napoleon”, the poem “War and Peace” (1915). Appeal to satire. The cycle “Hymns” for the magazine “New Satyricon” (1915). In 1916, the first large collection, “Simple as a Moo,” was published. 1917 - “Revolution. Poetochronika".

On March 3, 1917, Mayakovsky led a detachment of 7 soldiers who arrested the commander of the Automotive Training School, General P. I. Sekretev. It is curious that shortly before this, on January 31, Mayakovsky received a silver medal “For Diligence” from the hands of Sekretev. During the summer of 1917, Mayakovsky energetically worked to have him declared unfit for military service and was released from it in the fall.

In August 1917, he decided to write “Mystery Bouffe,” which was completed on October 25, 1918 and staged for the anniversary of the revolution (dir. Vs. Meyerhold, art director K. Malevich).

In 1918, Mayakovsky starred in three films based on his own scripts.

Vladimir Mayakovsky in the film "The Young Lady and the Hooligan"

In March 1919, he moved to Moscow, began actively collaborating with ROSTA (1919-1921), and designed (as a poet and as an artist) propaganda and satirical posters for ROSTA (“Windows of ROSTA”).

In 1919, the first collection of the poet’s works was published - “Everything written by Vladimir Mayakovsky. 1909-1919".

In 1918-1919 he appeared in the newspaper “Art of the Commune”. Propaganda of world revolution and revolution of spirit.

In 1920, he finished writing the poem “150,000,000,” which reflects the theme of world revolution.

In 1918, Mayakovsky organized the group “Comfut” (communist futurism), and in 1922 - the publishing house MAF (Moscow Association of Futurists), which published several of his books.

In 1923 he organized the LEF group (Left Front of the Arts), the thick magazine LEF (seven issues were published in 1923-1925). Aseev, Pasternak, Osip Brik, B. Arvatov, N. Chuzhak, Tretyakov, Levidov, Shklovsky and others actively published. He promoted Lef’s theories of production art, social order, and literature of fact.

At this time, the poems “About This” (1923), “To the workers of Kursk who mined the first ore, a temporary monument to the work of Vladimir Mayakovsky” (1923) and “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” (1924) were published. When the author read the poem about at the Bolshoi Theater, which was accompanied by a 20-minute ovation, he was present. Mayakovsky mentioned the “leader of the peoples” himself in his poems only twice.

Years civil war Mayakovsky believes best time in life, in the poem “Good!”, written in the prosperous year of 1927, there are nostalgic chapters.

In 1922-1923, in a number of works he continued to insist on the need for a world revolution and a revolution of the spirit - “The Fourth International”, “The Fifth International”, “My Speech at the Genoa Conference”, etc.

In 1922-1924, Mayakovsky made several trips abroad - Latvia, France, Germany; wrote essays and poems about European impressions: “How does a democratic republic work?” (1922); “Paris (Conversations with the Eiffel Tower)” (1923) and a number of others.

In 1925, his longest journey took place: a trip across America. Mayakovsky visited Havana, Mexico City and for three months spoke in various cities of the United States, reading poems and reports. Later, poems were written (the collection “Spain. - Ocean. - Havana. - Mexico. - America”) and the essay “My Discovery of America.”

In 1925-1928, he traveled extensively throughout the Soviet Union and performed in a variety of audiences. During these years, the poet published such works as “To Comrade Nette, the Ship and the Man” (1926); “Through the Cities of the Union” (1927); “The story of the foundry worker Ivan Kozyrev...” (1928).

From February 17 to February 24, 1926, Mayakovsky visited Baku, performed at the opera and drama theaters, and before oil workers in Balakhany.

In 1922-1926 he actively collaborated with Izvestia, in 1926-1929 - with Komsomolskaya Pravda.

He was published in magazines: “New World”, “Young Guard”, “Ogonyok”, “Crocodile”, “Krasnaya Niva”, etc. He worked in agitation and advertising, for which he was criticized by Pasternak, Kataev, Svetlov.

In 1926-1927 he wrote nine film scripts.

In 1927, he restored the LEF magazine under the name “New LEF”. A total of 24 issues were published. In the summer of 1928, Mayakovsky became disillusioned with LEF and left the organization and the magazine. In the same year, he began writing his personal biography, “I Myself.” From October 8 to December 8 - a trip abroad, on the route Berlin - Paris. In November, volumes I and II of the collected works were published.

The satirical plays The Bedbug (1928) and Bathhouse (1929) were staged by Meyerhold. The poet’s satire, especially “Bath,” caused persecution from Rapp’s critics. In 1929, the poet organized the REF group, but already in February 1930 he left it, joining RAPP.

In 1928-1929 Mayakovsky took an active part in the anti-religious campaign. It was then that the NEP was collapsed and collectivization began Agriculture, materials from show trials of “pests” appeared in the newspapers.

In 1929, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee issued the Decree “On Religious Associations,” which worsened the situation of believers. In the same year, Art. 4 of the Constitution of the RSFSR: instead of “freedom of religious and anti-religious propaganda,” the republic recognized “freedom of religious confessions and anti-religious propaganda.”

As a result, a need arose in the state for anti-religious works of art that responded to ideological changes. A number of leading Soviet poets, writers, journalists and filmmakers responded to this need. Mayakovsky was among them. In 1929, he wrote the poem “We Must Fight,” in which he stigmatized believers and called for atheism.

Also in 1929, he, together with Maxim Gorky and Demyan Bedny, took part in the Second Congress of the Union of Militant Atheists. In his speech at the congress, Mayakovsky called on writers and poets to participate in the fight against religion: “We can already unmistakably discern a fascist Mauser behind the Catholic cassock. We can already unmistakably discern the edge of a fist behind the priest’s cassock, but thousands of other intricacies through art entangle us in the same damned mysticism. ...If it is still possible to somehow understand the brainless ones from the flock, driving into themselves religious feeling For decades, so-called believers, then a religious writer who works consciously and yet works religiously, we must qualify either as a charlatan or as a fool. Comrades, usually their pre-revolutionary meetings and congresses ended with the call “to God”; today the congress will end with the words “to God.” This is the slogan of today’s writer,” he said.

Features of the style and creativity of Vladimir Mayakovsky

Many researchers creative development Mayakovsky's poetic life is likened to a five-act action with a prologue and epilogue.

The role of a kind of prologue in the poet’s creative path was played by the tragedy “Vladimir Mayakovsky” (1913), the first act was the poem “Cloud in Pants” (1914-1915) and “Spine Flute” (1915), the second act was the poem “War and Peace” "(1915-1916) and "Man" (1916-1917), the third act - the play "Mystery-bouffe" (first version - 1918, second - 1920-1921) and the poem "150,000,000" (1919-1920), the fourth act - the poems “I Love” (1922), “About This” (1923) and “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” (1924), the fifth act - the poem “Good!” (1927) and the plays “Bedbug” (1928-1929) and “Bathhouse” (1929-1930), the epilogue is the first and second introductions to the poem “At the top of my voice” (1928-1930) and the poet’s suicide letter “To everyone” (12 April 1930).

The rest of Mayakovsky's works, including numerous poems, gravitate toward one or another part of this overall picture, the basis of which is the poet's major works.

In his works, Mayakovsky was uncompromising, and therefore inconvenient. In the works he wrote in the late 1920s, tragic motifs began to appear. Critics called him only a “fellow traveler” and not the “proletarian writer” that he wanted to see himself.

In 1930, he organized an exhibition dedicated to the 20th anniversary of his work, but he was interfered with in every possible way, and none of the writers or state leaders visited the exhibition itself.

In the spring of 1930, the Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard was preparing a grandiose performance of “Moscow is Burning” based on Mayakovsky’s play; the dress rehearsal was scheduled for April 21, but the poet did not live to see it.

Mayakovsky’s early work was expressive and metaphorical (“I’m going to cry that the policemen were crucified at the crossroads,” “Could you?”), combined the energy of a meeting and demonstration with the most lyrical intimacy (“The violin twitched begging”), Nietzschean fight against God and carefully disguised in the soul religious feeling (“I, praising the machine and England / Maybe simply / In the most ordinary Gospel / The Thirteenth Apostle”).

According to the poet, it all started with the line “I launched a pineapple into the sky.” David Burliuk introduced the young poet to the poetry of Rimbaud, Baudelaire, Verlaine, Verhaeren, but Whitman's free verse had a decisive influence.

Mayakovsky did not recognize traditional poetic meters; he invented rhythm for his poems; polymetric compositions are united by style and a single syntactic intonation, which is set by the graphic presentation of the verse: first by dividing the verse into several lines written in a column, and since 1923 by the famous “ladder”, which became Mayakovsky’s “calling card”. The ladder helped Mayakovsky force his poems to be read with the correct intonation, since commas were sometimes not enough.

After 1917, Mayakovsky began to write a lot; in five pre-revolutionary years he wrote one volume of poetry and prose, and in twelve post-revolutionary years - eleven volumes. For example, in 1928 he wrote 125 poems and a play. He spent a lot of time traveling around the Union and abroad. When traveling, I sometimes gave 2-3 speeches a day (not counting participation in debates, meetings, conferences, etc.).

However, subsequently, disturbing and restless thoughts began to appear in Mayakovsky’s works; he exposes the vices and shortcomings of the new system (from the poem “The Sitting Ones,” 1922, to the play “Bathhouse,” 1929).

It is believed that in the mid-1920s he began to become disillusioned with the socialist system; his so-called trips abroad are perceived as attempts to escape from himself; in the poem “At the Top of My Voice” there is the line “rummaging through today’s petrified shit” (in the censored version - "shit") Although he continued to create poems imbued with official cheerfulness, including those dedicated to collectivization, until his last days.

Another feature of the poet is the combination of pathos and lyricism with Shchedrin’s most poisonous satire.

Mayakovsky had a great influence on the poetry of the 20th century. Especially on Kirsanov, Voznesensky, Yevtushenko, Rozhdestvensky, Kedrov, and also made a significant contribution to children's poetry.

Mayakovsky addressed his descendants into the distant future, confident that he would be remembered hundreds of years from now:

My verse

labor

the vastness of years will break through

and will appear

weighty,

rough,

visibly

like these days

the water supply came in,

worked out

still slaves of Rome.

Vladimir Mayakovsky. Documentary

Suicide of Vladimir Mayakovsky

The year 1930 started poorly for Mayakovsky. He was sick a lot. In February, Lilya and Osip Brik left for Europe.

Mayakovsky was harshly treated in the newspapers as a “fellow traveler of the Soviet regime” - while he himself saw himself as a proletarian writer.

There was an embarrassment with his long-awaited exhibition “20 Years of Work”, which was not visited by any of the prominent writers and state leaders, as the poet had hoped for. The premiere of the play “Bathhouse” was unsuccessful in March, and the play “The Bedbug” was also expected to fail.

At the beginning of April 1930, a greeting to “the great proletarian poet on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of work and social activity” was removed from the layout of the magazine “Print and Revolution.” There was talk in literary circles that Mayakovsky had written himself off. The poet was denied a visa to travel abroad.

Two days before his suicide, on April 12, Mayakovsky had a meeting with readers at the Polytechnic Institute, which was attended mainly by Komsomol members, and there were many boorish shouts from the seats. The poet was haunted by quarrels and scandals everywhere. His state of mind became more and more alarming and depressing.

Since the spring of 1919, Mayakovsky, despite the fact that he constantly lived with the Briks, had a small boat-like room on the fourth floor in communal apartment on Lubyanka (now it is the State Museum of V.V. Mayakovsky, Lubyansky proezd, 3/6 building 4). The suicide took place in this room.

On the morning of April 14, Mayakovsky had an appointment with Veronica (Nora) Polonskaya. The poet had been dating Polonskaya for the second year, insisted on her divorce, and even signed up for a writers’ cooperative in the passage of the Art Theater, where he planned to move to live with Nora.

As 82-year-old Polonskaya recalled in 1990 in an interview with the magazine “Soviet Screen” (No. 13 - 1990), on that fateful morning the poet picked her up at eight o’clock, because at 10.30 she had a rehearsal scheduled at the theater with Nemirovich -Danchenko.

“I couldn’t be late, it angered Vladimir Vladimirovich. He locked the doors, hid the key in his pocket, began to demand that I not go to the theater, and left from there altogether. I cried... I asked if he would see me out. “No.” ", he said, but promised to call. And he also asked if I had money for a taxi. I didn’t have money, he gave twenty rubles... I managed to get to the front door and heard a shot. I rushed about, afraid to return. Then I entered and saw the smoke from the shot that had not yet cleared. There was a small bloody stain on Mayakovsky’s chest. I rushed to him, I repeated: “What have you done?..” He tried to raise his head. Then his head fell, and he began to turn terribly pale... People appeared, someone told me: “Run, meet the ambulance.” She ran out and met her. I returned, and on the stairs someone said to me: “It’s late. He died...", recalled Veronica Polonskaya.

The suicide note, prepared two days earlier, is very detailed (which, according to researchers, excludes the version of the spontaneity of the shot), begins with the words: “Don’t blame anyone for the fact that I’m dying, and please don’t gossip, the deceased really didn’t like it.” ...".

The poet calls Lilya Brik (as well as Veronica Polonskaya), mother and sisters members of his family and asks to transfer all the poems and archives to the Briks.

Suicide letter from Vladimir Mayakovsky:

"Everyone

Don’t blame anyone for the fact that I’m dying and please don’t gossip. The deceased did not like this terribly.

Mom, sisters and comrades, I’m sorry - this is not the way (I don’t recommend it to others), but I have no choice.

Lilya - love me.

Comrade government, my family is Lilya Brik, mother, sisters and Veronica Vitoldovna Polonskaya.

If you give them a tolerable life, thank you.

Give the poems you started to the Briks, they will figure it out.

As they say -

"the incident is ruined"

love boat

crashed into everyday life.

I'm even with life

and there is no need for a list

mutual pain,

and resentment.

Happy stay.

12/IV -30

Comrades Vappovtsy, do not consider me cowardly.

Seriously - nothing can be done.

Hello.

Tell Ermilov that it’s a pity - he removed the slogan, we should have a fight.

I have 2000 rubles in my table. - contribute to the tax. You will receive the rest from Giza.

The Briks managed to arrive at the funeral, urgently interrupting their European tour. Polonskaya, on the contrary, did not dare to attend, since Mayakovsky’s mother and sisters considered her to be the culprit in the death of the poet.

For three days, with an endless stream of people, farewell took place in the House of Writers. Tens of thousands of admirers of his talent escorted the poet to the Donskoye Cemetery in an iron coffin while the Internationale was sung. Ironically, Mayakovsky’s “futuristic” iron coffin was made by avant-garde sculptor Anton Lavinsky, the husband of the artist Lily Lavinskaya, who gave birth to a son from her relationship with Mayakovsky.

The poet was cremated in the first Moscow crematorium opened three years earlier near the Donskoy Monastery. The brain was removed for research by the Brain Institute. Initially, the ashes were located there, in the columbarium of the New Donskoye Cemetery, but as a result of the persistent actions of Lilia Brik and the poet’s elder sister Lyudmila, the urn with Mayakovsky’s ashes was moved on May 22, 1952 and buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Mayakovsky. Last love, last shot

Vladimir Mayakovsky's height: 189 centimeters.

Personal life of Vladimir Mayakovsky:

Was not married. Two children from extramarital affairs.

The poet had many different novels, a number of which went down in history.

He was in a relationship with Elsa Triolet, thanks to whom she appeared in his life.

- “muse of the Russian avant-garde”, hostess of one of the most famous literary and artistic salons in the 20th century. Author of memoirs, recipient of Vladimir Mayakovsky’s works, who played a big role in the poet’s life. Native sister Elsa Triolet. She was married to Osip Brik, Vitaly Primakov, Vasily Katanyan.

For a long period of Mayakovsky's creative life, Lilya Brik was his muse. They met in July 1915 at her parents' dacha in Malakhovka near Moscow. At the end of July, Lily's sister Elsa Triole brought Mayakovsky, who had recently arrived from Finland, to Brikov's Petrograd apartment on the street. Zhukovsky, 7.

The Briks, people far from literature, were engaged in business, having inherited a small but profitable coral business from their parents. Mayakovsky read the yet unpublished poem “A Cloud in Pants” at their home and, after an enthusiastic reception, dedicated it to the hostess - “To you, Lilya.” The poet later called this day “the most joyful date.”

Osip Brik, Lily's husband, published the poem in a small edition in September 1915. Infatuated with Lily, the poet settled in the Palais Royal hotel on Pushkinskaya Street in Petrograd, never returning to Finland.

In November, the futurist moved even closer to the Brikovs' apartment - to Nadezhdinskaya Street, 52. Soon Mayakovsky introduced new friends to his friends, futurist poets - D. Burliuk, V. Kamensky, B. Pasternak, V. Khlebnikov and others. Brikov's apartment on the street . Zhukovsky became a bohemian salon, which was visited not only by futurists, but also by M. Kuzmin, M. Gorky, V. Shklovsky, R. Yakobson, as well as other writers, philologists and artists.

Soon, a stormy romance broke out between Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik, with the obvious connivance of Osip. This novel was reflected in the poems “Spine Flute” (1915) and “Man” (1916) and in the poems “To Everything” (1916), “Lilichka! Instead of a letter" (1916). After this, Mayakovsky began to devote all of his works (except for the poem “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin”) to Lilya Brik.

In 1918, Lilya and Vladimir starred in the film “Chained by Film” based on Mayakovsky’s script. To date, the film has survived in fragments. Photographs and a large poster depicting Lilya, entangled in film, also survived.

Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik in the film "Chained by Film"

Since the summer of 1918, Mayakovsky and Briki lived together, the three of them, which fit well into the popular after the revolution marriage and love concept, known as the “Glass of Water Theory.” At this time, all three finally switched to Bolshevik positions. At the beginning of March 1919, they moved from Petrograd to Moscow to a communal apartment in Poluektovy Lane, 5, and then, from September 1920, they settled in two rooms in a house on the corner of Myasnitskaya Street in Vodopyanoy Lane, 3. Then all three moved to an apartment in Gendrikov Lane on Taganka. Mayakovsky and Lilya worked at Windows of ROSTA, and Osip served for some time in the Cheka and was a member of the Bolshevik Party.

Bibliography of Vladimir Mayakovsky:

Autobiography:

1928 - “I myself”

Poems:

1914-15 - “Cloud in Pants”
1915 - “Spine Flute”
1916-17 - "Man"
1921-22 - “I Love”
1923 - “About This”
1924 - “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin”
1925 - “The Flying Proletarian”
1927 - “Okay!”

Poems:

1912 - “Night”
1912 - “Morning”
1912 - “Port”
1913 - “From street to street”
1913 - “Could you?”
1913 - “Signs”
1913 - “I”: Along the pavement; A few words about my wife; A few words about my mother; A few words about myself
1913 - “From fatigue”
1913 - “Hell of the City”
1913 - “Here!”
1913 - “They don’t understand anything”
1914 - “Blouse Veil”
1914 - “Listen”
1914 - “But still”
1914 - “War is declared.” July 20
1914 - “Mom and the evening killed by the Germans”
1914 - “Violin and a little nervously”
1915 - “Me and Napoleon”
1915 - “To you”
1915 - “Hymn to the Judge”
1915 - “Hymn to the Scientist”
1915 - “Naval Love”
1915 - “Hymn to Health”
1915 - “Hymn to the Critic”
1915 - “Hymn to Lunch”
1915 - “That’s how I became a dog”
1915 - “Magnificent absurdities”
1915 - “Hymn to the Bribe”
1915 - “Attentive attitude towards bribe takers”
1915 - “Monstrous Funeral”
1916 - “Hey!”
1916 - "Giveaway"
1916 - “Tired”
1916 - “Needles”
1916 - “The Last St. Petersburg Fairy Tale”
1916 - “Russia”
1916 - “Lilichka!”
1916 - “To Everything”
1916 - “The author dedicates these lines to himself, his beloved”
1917 - “Writer Brothers”
1917 - "Revolution". April 19
1917 - “The Tale of Little Red Riding Hood”
1917 - “To the Answer”
1917 - “Our March”
1918 - " Good attitude to the horses"
1918 - “Ode to the Revolution”
1918 - “Order for the Army of Art”
1918 - “Working Poet”
1918 - “That Side”
1918 - “Left March”
1919 - “Amazing Facts”
1919 - “We Are Coming”
1919 - “Soviet ABC”
1919 - “Worker! Throw out the non-party nonsense..." October
1919 - “Song of the Ryazan peasant.” October
1920 - “The weapon of the Entente is money...”. July
1920 - “If you live in disarray, as the Makhnovists want...” July
1920 - “A story about bagels and a woman who does not recognize the republic.” August
1920 - “Red Hedgehog”
1920 - “Attitude towards the young lady”
1920 - “Vladimir Ilyich”
1920 - “An extraordinary adventure that happened with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”
1920 - “The story about how the godfather talked about Wrangel without any intelligence”
1920 - “Heine-shaped”
1920 - “A third of the cigarette case went into the grass...”
1920 - “The Last Page of the Civil War”
1920 - “About rubbish”
1921 - “Two not quite ordinary cases”
1921 - “A poem about Myasnitskaya, about a woman and about an all-Russian scale”
1921 - “Order No. 2 of the Army of Arts”
1922 - “The Satisfied Ones”
1922 - “Bastards!”
1922 - “Bureaucracy”
1922 - “My speech at the Genoa conference”
1922 - “Germany”
1923 - “About poets”
1923 - “On “fiascoes”, “apogees” and other unknown things”
1923 - “Paris”
1923 - “Newspaper Day”
1923 - “We don’t believe!”
1923 - “Trusts”
1923 - “April 17”
1923 - “Spring Question”
1923 - “Universal Answer”
1923 - “Vorovsky”
1923 - “Baku”
1923 - “Young Guard”
1923 - “Norderney”
1923 - “Moscow-Koenigsberg”. 6 September
1923 - “Kyiv”
1924 - “January 9th”
1924 - “Be ready!”
1924 - “Bourgeois, - say goodbye to pleasant days - we’ll finally finish with hard money”
1924 - “Vladikavkaz - Tiflis”
1924 - “Two Berlins”
1924 - “Diplomatic”
1924 - “The roar of uprisings, multiplied by echoes”
1924 - “Hello!”
1924 - “Kyiv”
1924 - “Komsomolskaya”
1924 - “Little Difference” (“In Europe...”)
1924 - “To the Rescue”
1924 - “Every little thing is accounted for”
1924 - “Let's laugh!”
1924 - “Proletarian, nip the war in the bud!”
1924 - “I protest!”
1924 - “Keep your hands off China!”
1924 - “Sevastopol - Yalta”
1924 - “Selkor”
1924 - “Tamara and the Demon”
1924 - “Sound money is solid ground for the bond between the peasant and the worker”
1924 - “Wow, and fun!”
1924 - “Hooliganism”
1924 - “Jubilee”
1925 - “That’s what a man needs a plane for”
1925 - “Drag out the future!”
1925 - “Give me the engine!”
1925 - “Two Mays”
1925 - “Red Envy”
1925 - "May"
1925 - “A little utopia about how the metro will go”
1925 - “O. D.V.F.”
1925 - “Rabkor” (“He will write “The Keys of Happiness” ...”)
1925 - “Rabkor (“Having broken through the mountains of illiteracy with my forehead...”)
1925 - “Third Front”
1925 - “Flag”
1925 - “Yalta - Novorossiysk”
1926 - “To Sergei Yesenin”
1926 - “Marxism is a weapon...” April 19
1926 - “Four-story hack”
1926 - “Conversation with the financial inspector about poetry”
1926 - “Advanced Front”
1926 - “Bribery takers”
1926 - “On the Agenda”
1926 - “Protection”
1926 - “Love”
1926 - “Message to proletarian poets”
1926 - “Factory of Bureaucrats”
1926 - “To Comrade Nette” July 15
1926 - “Terrifying Familiarity”
1926 - “Office Habits”
1926 - “Hooligan”
1926 - “Conversation at the Odessa landing craft raid”
1926 - “Letter from the writer Mayakovsky to the writer Gorky”
1926 - “Debt to Ukraine”
1926 - “October”
1927 - “Stabilization of life”
1927 - “Paper Horrors”
1927 - “To Our Youth”
1927 - “Through the Cities of the Union”
1927 - “My speech at the show trial on the occasion of a possible scandal with the lectures of Professor Shengeli”
1927 - “What did they fight for?”
1927 - “You Give an Elegant Life”
1927 - “Instead of an Ode”
1927 - “Best verse”
1927 - “Lenin is with us!”
1927 - “Spring”
1927 - “Careful March”
1927 - “Venus de Milo and Vyacheslav Polonsky”
1927 - “Mr. People’s Artist”
1927 - “Well, well!”
1927 - “A General Guide for Beginning Sneaks”
1927 - “Crimea”
1927 - “Comrade Ivanov”
1927 - “We’ll see for ourselves, we’ll show them”
1927 - “Ivan Ivan Honorarchikov”
1927 - “Miracles”
1927 - “Marusya got poisoned”
1927 - “Letter to Molchanov’s beloved, abandoned by him”
1927 - “The masses do not understand”
1928 - “Without a rudder and without a twirl”
1928 - “Ekaterinburg-Sverdlovsk”
1928 - “The story of foundry worker Ivan Kozyrev about moving into a new painting”
1928 - “Emperor”
1928 - “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”
1929 - “Conversation with Comrade Lenin”
1929 - “Perekop enthusiasm”
1929 - “Gloomy about humorists”
1929 - “Harvest March”
1929 - “Soul of Society”
1929 - “Party Candidate”
1929 - “Stab Self-Criticism”
1929 - “Everything is calm in the West”
1929 - “Parisian”
1929 - “Beauties”
1929 - “Poems about the Soviet passport”
1929 - “The Americans Are Surprised”
1929 - “An example not worthy of imitation”
1929 - “Bird of God”
1929 - “Poems about Thomas”
1929 - “I'm happy”
1929 - “Khrenov’s story about Kuznetskstroy and the people of Kuznetsk”
1929 - “Minority Report”
1929 - “Give me the material base”
1929 - "The Trouble Lovers"
1930 - “Already the second. You must have gone to bed..."
1930 - “March of Shock Brigades”
1930 - “Leninists”

Vladimir Mayakovsky is the flame of the twentieth century. His poems are inseparable from his life. However, behind the cheerful Soviet slogans of Mayakovsky the revolutionary, one can discern another Mayakovsky - a romantic knight, a theurgist, a crazy genius in love.

Below - short biography Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky.

Introduction

In 1893, the future great futurist, Vladimir Mayakovsky, was born in the village of Bagdati in Georgia. They said about him: a genius. They shouted about him: a charlatan. But no one could deny that he had an incredible influence on Russian poetry. He created a new style, which was inseparable from the spirit of Soviet times, from the hopes of that era, from the people living, loving and suffering in the USSR.

He was a man of contradiction. They will say about him:

This is a complete mockery of beauty, tenderness and God.

They will say about him:

Mayakovsky has always been and remains the best and most talented poet of our Soviet era.

By the way, this beautiful photo is fake. Mayakovsky, unfortunately, never met Frida Kahlo, but the idea of their meeting is wonderful - they are both like riot and fire.

One thing is certain: whether a genius or a charlatan, Mayakovsky will forever remain in the hearts of the Russian people. Some like him for the glibness and impudence of his lines, others - for the tenderness and desperate love that hides in the depths of his style. His broken, crazy style, breaking from the shackles of writing, which is so similar to real life.

Life is a struggle

Mayakovsky's life was a struggle from beginning to end: in politics, in art and in love. His first poem is the result of struggle, the consequence of suffering: it was written in prison (1909), where he was sent for his Social Democratic beliefs. He began his creative journey, admiring the ideals of the revolution, and ended it, mortally disappointed in everything: everything in him is a tangle of contradictions, struggle.

He ran like a red thread through history and art and left his mark in subsequent works. It is impossible to write a modernist poem without referring to Mayakovsky.

The poet Vladimir Mayakovsky is, in his own words:

But there is something else behind this rough, militant façade.

short biography

When he was only 15 years old, he joined the RSDLP(b), and was enthusiastically engaged in propaganda.

Since 1911, he studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

Major Poems (1915): "Cloud in Pants", "Spine Flute" and "War and Peace". These works are full of delight for the coming, and then the coming revolution. The poet is full of optimism.

1918-1919 - revolution, he actively participates. Produces posters "Windows of Satire ROSTA".

In 1923, he became the founder of the creative association LEF (Left Front of the Arts).

Mayakovsky’s later works “The Bedbug” (1928) and “Bathhouse” (1929) are a sharp satire on Soviet reality. Mayakovsky is disappointed. Perhaps this was one of the reasons for his tragic suicide.

In 1930, Mayakovsky committed suicide: he shot himself, leaving a suicide note in which he asked not to blame anyone. He is buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Art

Irina Odoevtseva wrote about Mayakovsky:

Huge, with a round, short-cropped head, he looked more like a strong hooker than a poet. He read poetry completely differently than was customary among us. Rather like an actor, although - which the actors never did - not only observing, but also emphasizing the rhythm. His voice - the voice of a meeting tribune - either thundered so loudly that the windows rattled, or cooed like a dove and gurgled like a forest stream. Stretching out his huge hands to the stunned listeners in a theatrical gesture, he passionately suggested to them:
Do you want me to go mad from meat?
And, like the sky, changing colors,
Do you want me to become inexpressibly tender, -
Not a man, but a cloud in his pants?..

These lines show Mayakovsky’s character: he is first of all a citizen, not a poet. He is first and foremost a tribune, an activist at rallies. He is an actor. His early poetry is, accordingly, not a description, but a call to action, not a statement, but a performative. Not so much art as real life. This applies at least to his social poems. They are expressive and metaphorical. Mayakovsky himself admitted that he was impressed by Andrei Bely’s poem “He launched a pineapple into the sky”:

low bass.
launched a pineapple.
And, having described the arc,
illuminating the surroundings,
the pineapple was falling,
beaming into the unknown.

But there is also a second Mayakovsky, who wrote without being impressed by either Bely or the revolution - he wrote from the inside, desperately in love, unhappy, tired - not the warrior Mayakovsky, but the gentle knight Mayakovsky, an admirer of Lilichka Brik. And the poetry of this second Mayakovsky is strikingly different from the first. The poems of Vladimir Mayakovsky are full of piercing, desperate tenderness, rather than healthy optimism. They are sharp and sad, in contrast to the positive cheerfulness of his Soviet poetic appeals.

Mayakovsky the warrior proclaimed:

Read! Envy! I am a citizen! Soviet Union!

Mayakovsky the knight rang with shackles and sword, vaguely reminiscent of the theurgist Blok, drowning in his purple worlds:

The fence of reason is broken by confusion,
I pile up despair, burning feverishly...

How did two of these get along? different people in one Mayakovsky? It is difficult to imagine and impossible not to imagine. If it were not for this internal struggle in him, there would not have been such a genius.

Love

These two Mayakovskys got along probably because they were both driven by passion: for one it was a passion for Justice, and for the second for a femme fatale.

Perhaps it is worth dividing the life of Vladimir Mayakovsky into two main periods: before and after Lilichka Brik. This happened in 1915.

She seemed like a monster to me.

That's what I wrote about her famous poet Andrey Voznesensky.

But Mayakovsky loved this one. With a whip...

He loved her - fatal, strong, “with a whip,” and she said about him that when she made love with Osya, she locked Volodya in the kitchen, and he “was eager, wanted to come to us, scratched at the door and cried...”

Only such madness, incredible, even perverted suffering could give rise to such powerful poetic lines:

Don’t do this, dear, good, let’s say goodbye now!

So the three of them lived, and eternal suffering spurred the poet on to new lines of genius. Besides this, there was, of course, something else. There were trips to Europe (1922-24) and America (1925), as a result of which the poet had a daughter, but Lilichka always remained the same, the only one, until April 14, 1930, when, having written “Lilya, love me,” the poet shot himself, leaving a ring with LOVE engraved on it - Liliya Yuryevna Brik. If you twirled the ring, you got the eternal “lovelovelove.” He shot himself in defiance of his own lines, his eternal declaration of love, which made him immortal:

And I won’t throw myself into the air, and I won’t drink poison, and I won’t be able to pull the trigger above my temple...

Creative heritage

The work of Vladimir Mayakovsky is not limited to his dual poetic heritage. He left behind slogans, posters, plays, performances and film scripts. He was actually at the origins of advertising - Mayakovsky made it what it is now. Mayakovsky came up with a new poetic meter - the ladder - although some argue that this meter was generated by the desire for money: editors paid for poems line by line. One way or another, it was an innovative step in art. Vladimir Mayakovsky was also an actor. He himself directed the film “The Young Lady and the Hooligan” and played the main role there.

However, in last years he was haunted by failure. His plays "The Bedbug" and "The Bathhouse" failed and he slowly fell into depression. An adept of cheerfulness, fortitude, and struggle, he scandalized, quarreled, and gave in to despair. And at the beginning of April 1930, the magazine “Print and Revolution” removed the greeting to the “Great Proletarian Poet” from print, and rumors spread: he had written himself off. This was one of the last blows. Mayakovsky took his failure hard.

Memory

Many streets in Russia, as well as metro stations, are named after Mayakovsky. There are Mayakovskaya metro stations in St. Petersburg and Moscow. In addition, theaters and cinemas are named after him. One of the largest libraries in St. Petersburg also bears his name. Also, a minor planet discovered in 1969 was named in his honor.

The biography of Vladimir Mayakovsky did not end after his death.

Vladimir Mayakovsky is a famous Russian Soviet poet, playwright, director and actor. Considered one of the greatest poets of the 20th century.

During his short life, Mayakovsky managed to leave behind a large literary heritage, distinguished by a clearly defined style. He was the first to write poetry using the famous “ladder”, which became his “calling card”.

Biography of Mayakovsky

His father, Vladimir Konstantinovich, worked as a forester, and his mother, Alexandra Alekseevna, was a hereditary Cossack woman.

In addition to Vladimir, 2 girls (Lyudmila and Olga) were born in the Mayakovsky family, as well as two boys who died in early childhood.

Childhood and youth

Mayakovsky said about himself: “I was born in 1894 in the Caucasus. The father was a Cossack, the mother was Ukrainian. The first language is Georgian. So to speak, between three cultures.”

16-year-old Mayakovsky after his arrest for revolutionary activities

When Mayakovsky was 9 years old, his parents sent him to study at the gymnasium.

There the young man became interested in Marxism, participated in revolutionary demonstrations and read propaganda brochures.

This is what gave rise to a passion for ideas that criticized the tsarist power. However, at that time it was a popular movement among students.

In 1906, his father passed away. The cause of death was infection after he pricked his finger with a needle.

Vladimir was so shocked by the sudden death of his father that throughout his entire biography he was terrified of various pins and needles.

Soon the Mayakovsky family will move to.

There, Vladimir continues his studies at the gymnasium, but soon he has to leave it because his mother did not have the funds to pay for the education.

Mayakovsky and revolution

After moving to Moscow, Mayakovsky made many revolutionary friends. This led to his joining the RSDLP workers' party in 1908.

The young man sincerely believed in the correctness of his views and did everything possible to promote revolutionary ideas to other people. In this regard, Mayakovsky was arrested several times, but each time he managed to avoid imprisonment.

Later, he was nevertheless sent to Butyrka prison, since he did not stop his campaigning activities, openly criticizing the tsarist government.

An interesting fact is that it was in “Butyrka” that Vladimir Mayakovsky began to write the first poems in his biography.

Less than a year later he was released, after which he immediately left the party.

Mayakovsky's work

On the advice of one of his friends, in 1911, Vladimir Mayakovsky entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture - the only place where he was accepted without a certificate of trustworthiness.

It was then that the most important event took place in Mayakovsky’s biography: he became acquainted with futurism - a new direction in art, from which he immediately became delighted.

In the future, futurism will become the basis of all Mayakovsky’s work.

Special signs Mayakovsky

Soon several poems come out from his pen, which the poet reads among his friends.

Later, Mayakovsky, together with a group of cubo-futurists, goes on tour around the city, where he gives lectures and his works. When he heard Mayakovsky's poems, he praised Vladimir, and even called him the only true poet among the futurists.

Feeling confident in his abilities, Mayakovsky continued to engage in writing.

Works by Mayakovsky

In 1913, Mayakovsky published his first collection “I”. An interesting fact is that there were only 4 poems in it. In his works he openly criticized the bourgeoisie.

However, in parallel with this, sensual and tender poems periodically appeared from his pen.

On the eve of the First World War (1914-1918), the poet decides to try himself as a playwright. Soon he will present the first tragic play in his biography, “Vladimir Mayakovsky,” which will be staged on the theater stage.

As soon as the war began, Mayakovsky volunteered for the army, but was not accepted into its ranks for political reasons. Apparently the authorities were afraid that the poet might become the initiator of some kind of unrest.

As a result, the offended Mayakovsky wrote the poem “To You,” in which he criticized the tsarist army and its leadership. Later, 2 magnificent works “Cloud in Pants” and “War Declared” came from his pen.

At the height of the war, Vladimir Mayakovsky met the Brik family. After that, he met with Lilya and Osip very often.

It is interesting that it was Osip who helped the young poet publish some of his poems. Then 2 collections were published: “Simple as a Moo” and “Revolution. Poetochronika".

When it was brewing in 1917 October Revolution, Mayakovsky met her at the headquarters in Smolny. He was delighted with the events that took place and helped the Bolsheviks, whose leader he was, in every possible way.

During the biography of 1917‑1918. he composed many poems dedicated to revolutionary events.

After the end of the war, Vladimir Mayakovsky became interested in cinema. He created 3 films in which he acted as a director, screenwriter and actor.

In parallel with this, he painted propaganda posters, and also worked in the publication “Art of the Commune”. Then he became editor of the magazine “Left Front” (“LEF”).

In addition, Mayakovsky continued to write new works, many of which he read on stages in front of the public. It is interesting that during the reading of the poem “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” at the Bolshoi Theater, he himself was present in the hall.

According to the poet’s recollections, the years of the civil war turned out to be the happiest and most memorable of his entire biography.

Having become a popular writer in, Vladimir Mayakovsky visited several countries, including.

At the end of the 20s, the writer wrote satirical plays “The Bedbug” and “Bathhouse”, which were to be staged at the Meyerhold Theater. These works have received many negative reviews from critics. Some newspapers even carried headlines “Down with Mayakovism!”

In 1930, his colleagues accused the poet of allegedly not being a real “proletarian writer.” However, despite the continuous criticism against him, Mayakovsky nevertheless organized the exhibition “20 Years of Work”, in which he decided to sum up his creative biography.

As a result, not a single poet from LEF came to the exhibition, nor, indeed, a single representative of the Soviet government. For Mayakovsky this was a real blow.

Mayakovsky and Yesenin

In Russia, there was an irreconcilable creative struggle between Mayakovsky.

Unlike Mayakovsky, he belonged to a different literary direction– imagism, whose representatives were the sworn “enemies” of the futurists.

Vladimir Mayakovsky and Sergei Yesenin

Mayakovsky extolled the ideas of revolution and the city, while Yesenin paid attention to the countryside and the common people.

It is worth noting that although Mayakovsky had a negative attitude towards his opponent’s work, he recognized his talent.

Personal life

The only and true love Mayakovsky's whole life was Lilya Brik, whom he first saw in 1915.

Once upon a visit to the Brik family, the poet read the poem “A Cloud in Pants”, after which he announced that he was dedicating it to Lila. The poet later called this day “the most joyful date.”

Soon they began dating in secret from her husband Osip Brik. However, it was impossible to hide my feelings.

Vladimir Mayakovsky dedicated many poems to his beloved, among which was his famous poem “Lilichka!” When Osip Brik realized that an affair had begun between the poet and his wife, he decided not to interfere with them.

Then there was a very unusual period in Mayakovsky’s biography.

The fact is that since the summer of 1918, the poet and Briki lived together, the three of them. It should be noted that this fit well into the concept of marriage and love that was popular after the revolution.

They were developed a little later.

Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik

Mayakovsky provided the Brik spouses with financial support, and also regularly gave Lila expensive gifts.

Once he gave her a Renault car, which he brought from. And although the poet was crazy about Lily Brik, there were many mistresses in his biography.

He was in a close relationship with Liliya Lavinskaya, from whom he had a boy, Gleb-Nikita. Then he had an affair with Russian emigrant Ellie Jones, who gave birth to his girl Helen-Patricia.

After that, his biography included Sofya Shamardina and Natalya Bryukhanenko.

Shortly before his death, Vladimir Mayakovsky met with emigrant Tatyana Yakovleva, with whom he even planned to connect his life.

He wanted to live with her in Moscow, but Tatyana was against it. In turn, the poet could not go to her because of problems with obtaining a visa.

The next girl in Mayakovsky’s biography was Veronica Polonskaya, who was married at that time. Vladimir tried to persuade her to leave her husband and start living with him, but Veronica did not dare to take such a step.

As a result, quarrels and misunderstandings began to occur between them. It's interesting that Polonskaya was last person who saw Mayakovsky alive.

When the poet begged her to stay with him during their last meeting, she decided to go to a rehearsal at the theater instead. But as soon as the girl walked out the threshold, she heard a shot.

She did not have the courage to come to Mayakovsky’s funeral, because she understood that the writer’s relatives considered her to be the culprit in the poet’s death.

Death of Mayakovsky

In 1930, Vladimir Mayakovsky was often ill and had problems with his voice. At this period of his biography, he was left completely alone, since the Brik family went abroad. In addition, he continued to hear constant criticism from his colleagues.

As a result of these circumstances, on April 14, 1930, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky fired a fatal shot into his chest. He was only 36 years old.

A couple of days before his suicide, he wrote a suicide note, which contained the following lines: “Don’t blame anyone for the fact that I’m dying, and please don’t gossip, the deceased didn’t like it terribly...”

In the same note, Mayakovsky calls Lilya Brik, Veronica Polonskaya, mother and sisters members of his family and asks to transfer all the poems and archives to the Briks.

Mayakovsky's body after suicide

After Mayakovsky’s death, for three days, amid an endless stream of people, a farewell to the body of the proletarian genius took place in the House of Writers.

Tens of thousands of admirers of his talent escorted the poet to the Donskoye Cemetery in an iron coffin while the Internationale was sung. The body was then cremated.

The urn with Mayakovsky's ashes was moved from the Donskoye Cemetery on May 22, 1952 and buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

If you liked the short biography of Mayakovsky, share it on in social networks. If you like biographies of great people in general, and in particular, subscribe to the site. It's always interesting with us!

Did you like the post? Press any button.

Russian poet, playwright and satirist, screenwriter and editor of several magazines, film director and actor. He is one of the greatest futurist poets of the twentieth century.
Date and place of birth – July 19, 1893, Baghdati, Kutaisi province, Russian Empire.

Today we will tell you about the life of Mayakovsky using facts.

Vladimir Mayakovsky was born in the village of Bagdati, Kutaisi province (in Soviet times, the village was called Mayakovsky) in Georgia, in the family of Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky (1857-1906), who served as a third-class forester in the Erivan province, from 1889 in the Bagdati forestry.

I want to be understood by my native country,
but I won’t be understood -
Well?!
By home country
I'll pass by
How's it going?
slanting rain.

The poet's mother, Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko (1867-1954), from a family of Kuban Cossacks, was born in Kuban, in the village of Ternovskaya.

The future poet had two sisters: Lyudmila (1884-1972) and Olga (1890-1949), and two brothers: Konstantin (died at the age of three from scarlet fever) and Alexander (died in infancy).

Could you?
I immediately blurred the map of everyday life,
splashing paint from a glass;
I showed the jelly on the dish
slanting cheekbones of the ocean.
On the scales of a tin fish
I read the calls of new lips.
And you
play nocturne
we could
on the drainpipe flute?

Many streets in cities of Russia and other countries are named after Mayakovsky: Berlin, Dzerzhinsk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Izhevsk, Kaliningrad, Kislovodsk, Kiev, Kutaisi, Minsk, Moscow, Odessa, Penza, Perm, Ruzaevka, Samara, St. Petersburg, Tbilisi, Tuapse, Grozny, Ufa, Khmelnitsky.

In 1902, Mayakovsky entered the gymnasium in Kutaisi. Like his parents, he was fluent in Georgian. He took part in a revolutionary demonstration and read propaganda brochures.

To you!
To you, who live behind the orgy orgy,
having a bathroom and a warm closet!
Shame on you about those presented to George
read from newspaper columns?
Do you know, many mediocre,
those who think it’s better to get drunk how -
maybe now the leg bomb
tore Petrov's lieutenant away?..
If he is brought to slaughter,
suddenly I saw, wounded,
how you have a lip smeared in a cutlet
lustfully humming the Northerner!
Is it for you, who love women and dishes,
give your life for pleasure?!
I'd rather be at the bar... I'll be
serve pineapple water!

In February 1906, his father died of blood poisoning after pricking his finger with a needle while stitching papers. Since then, Mayakovsky could not stand pins and hairpins, and bacteriophobia remained a lifelong one.

In July 1906, Mayakovsky, together with his mother and sisters, moved to Moscow, where he entered the fourth grade of the 5th classical gymnasium.

The family lived in poverty. In March 1908, he was expelled from the 5th grade due to non-payment of tuition.

Named after Vladimir Mayakovsky minor planet(2931) Mayakovsky, opened on October 16, 1969 by L. I. Chernykh.

Conclusion
Love won't wash away
no quarrel
not a mile.
Thought out
verified
verified.
Raising solemnly the stock-fingered verse,
I swear -
I love
unchanged and true!

Three times throughout his life Mayakovsky was arrested.

I always carried a soap dish with me and washed my hands regularly.

During his life, Mayakovsky visited not only Europe, but also America.

It came out stilted and tearful. Something like:
The forests dressed in gold and purple,
The sun played on the heads of the churches.
I waited: but the days were lost in the months,
Hundreds of tedious days.
I filled a whole notebook with this. Thanks to the guards - they took me away when I left. Otherwise I would have printed it!
- “I myself” (1922-1928)

Mayakovsky liked to play billiards and cards, which suggests his love of gambling.

In 1930, Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky shot himself, having written a suicide note 2 days earlier.

In 1911, the poet’s friend, bohemian artist Eugenia Lang, inspired the poet to take up painting.

Who to be?
My years are getting older
will be seventeen.
Where should I work then?
what to do?
Required workers -
joiners and carpenters!
It's tricky to work furniture:
at first
We
take a log
and sawing boards
long and flat.
These boards
like this
clamps
workbench table
From work
saw
glowed white hot.
From under the file
sawdust is falling.
Plane
in hand -
different work:
knots, squiggles
planing with a plane.
Good shavings -
yellow toys.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky starred in several films.

On November 30, 1912, Mayakovsky’s first public performance took place in the artistic basement “Stray Dog”.

The steamship, which sank in Riga in 1950, was named after Mayakovsky.

Mayakovsky gave Liliya Brik a ring with the engraving “Lyub”, which meant “I love you”.

Giveaway
Do I entangle a woman in a touching romance,
I just look at the passerby -
everyone carefully holds their pocket.
Funny!
From the poor -
what to cheat from them?
How many years will pass, until they find out -
candidate for a fathom of the city morgue –
I
infinitely richer
than any Pierpont Morgan.
After so many, so many years
- in a word, I won’t survive -
I'll die of hunger,
I'll stand under the gun -
me,
today's redhead,
professors will learn to the last iota,
How,
When,
where it appears.
Will
from the pulpit a big-faced idiot
grind something about the god-devil.
The crowd will bow
fawning,
vain.
You won't even know -
I'm not myself:
she will paint a bald head
into horns or radiance.
Every student
before you lie down,
she
will not forget to be transfixed by my poems.
I'm a pessimist
I know -
forever
the student will live on earth.
Listen:
everything that my soul owns,
- and her wealth, go and kill her! –
splendor,
what will decorate my step for eternity
and my very immortality,
which, thundering through all centuries,
a world meeting will gather the kneeling,
do you want all this? –
I'll give it back now
for just one word
affectionate,
human.
People!
Dusting the avenues, trampling the rye,
go from all over the earth.
Today
in Petrograd
on Nadezhdinskaya
not for a penny
The most precious crown is for sale.
For a human word -
isn't it cheap?
Go ahead
try,-
how come
you will find him!

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky always gave money to needy old people.

Mayakovsky really liked dogs.

School No. 1 in the city of Jermuk (Armenia) was named in honor of Mayakovsky.

I love
Usually like this
Love is given to anyone born, -
but between services,
income
and other things
from day to day
the soil of the heart hardens.
The body is put on the heart,
on the body - a shirt.
But this is not enough!
One -
idiot!-
made the cuffs
and my breasts began to be filled with starch.
They will come to their senses in old age.
The woman rubs herself.
A man is waving a windmill at Müller.
But it's too late.
The skin multiplies with wrinkles.
Love will bloom
will bloom -
and shrinks.
As a boy
I was moderately gifted with love.
But since childhood
people
laboriously trained.

Mayakovsky usually composed poetry on the go. Sometimes he had to walk 15-20 km to come up with the right rhyme.

You
Came -
businesslike,
behind the roar,
for growth,
looking at
I just saw a boy.
I took it
took my heart
and just
went to play -
like a girl with a ball.
And each -
a miracle seems to be seen -
where the lady dug in,
where is the girl?
“To love someone like that?
Yes, this one will rush!
Must be a tamer.
Must be from the menagerie!”
And I rejoice.
He is not here -
yoke!
I can’t remember myself from joy,
galloped
Jumped like a wedding Indian,
it was so fun
it was easy for me.

In 1937, the Mayakovsky Library-Museum was opened in Moscow (formerly Gendrikov Lane, now Mayakovsky Lane). In January 1974, the State Mayakovsky Museum was opened in Moscow (on Bolshaya Lubyanka). In 2013, the main building of the museum was closed for reconstruction, but exhibitions are still held.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was considered an accomplice in the anti-religious campaign, where he promoted atheism.

In 1915-1917, Mayakovsky, under the patronage of Maxim Gorky, served in Petrograd at the Automotive Training School. Soldiers were not allowed to publish, but he was saved by Osip Brik, who bought the poems “Spine Flute” and “Cloud in Pants” for 50 kopecks per line and published them.

For the creation of the "ladder". Many other poets accused Mayakovsky of cheating.

In 1918, Mayakovsky starred in three films based on his own scripts. In August 1917, he decided to write "Mystery Bouffe", which was completed on October 25, 1918 and staged for the anniversary of the revolution.

Mayakovsky had unrequited love in Paris for the Russian emigrant Tatyana Yakovlevna.

On December 17, 1918, the poet first read the poem “Left March” from the stage of the Matrossky Theater. In March 1919, he moved to Moscow, began actively collaborating with ROSTA (1919-1921), and designed (as a poet and as an artist) propaganda and satirical posters for ROSTA (“Windows of ROSTA”).

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky had a daughter from Russian emigrant Elizaveta Siebert, who died in 2016.

In 1922-1924, Mayakovsky made several trips abroad - Latvia, France, Germany; wrote essays and poems about European impressions.

Mayakovsky was considered an ardent supporter of the revolution, even though he defended socialist and communist ideals.

In 1925, his longest journey took place: a trip across America. Mayakovsky visited Havana, Mexico City and for three months spoke in various cities of the United States, reading poems and reports.

Over the years of his life, Mayakovsky tried himself as a designer.

Mayakovsky's works were translated into different languages peace.

Me and Napoleon
I live on Bolshaya Presnya,
36, 24.
The place is calm.
Quiet.
Well?
It seems - what do I care?
that somewhere
in the storm-world
took it and invented a war?
Night has come.
Good.
Insinuating.
And why are some young ladies
trembling, timidly turning
huge eyes, like spotlights?
Street crowds to heavenly moisture
fell with burning lips,
and the city, fraying its flag-like little hands,
prays and prays with red crosses.
The bare-haired church of the boulevard
headboard.

Mayakovsky's main needs were travel.

Mayakovsky and Liliya Brik never hid their relationship, and Liliya’s husband was not against this outcome of events.

Major publications began publishing Mayakovsky's works only in 1922.

Tatyana Yakovleva, another beloved woman of Mayakovsky, was 15 years younger than him.

Despite close communication with Lilya Brik, personal life Mayakovsky was not limited to it. According to evidence and materials collected in documentary film Channel One "The Third Extra", which premiered on the 120th anniversary of the poet on July 20, 2013, Mayakovsky is the father of the Soviet sculptor Gleb-Nikita Lavinsky (1921-1986).

Mayakovsky studied in the same class with Pasternak's brother.

In 1926, Mayakovsky received an apartment in Gendrikov Lane, in which the three of them lived with the Briks until 1930 (now Mayakovsky Lane, 15/13).

In 1927, the film “The Third Meshchanskaya” (“Love for Three”), directed by Abram Room, was released. The script was written by Viktor Shklovsky, taking as a basis the well-known “threesome love” between Mayakovsky and the Briks.

The year 1930 started poorly for Mayakovsky. He was sick a lot. In February, Lilya and Osip Brik left for Europe. There was an embarrassment with his long-awaited exhibition “20 Years of Work”, which was not visited by any of the prominent writers and state leaders, as the poet had hoped for. The premiere of the play “Bathhouse” was unsuccessful in March, and the play “The Bedbug” was also expected to fail.

Two days before his suicide, on April 12, Mayakovsky had a meeting with readers at the Polytechnic Institute, which was attended mainly by Komsomol members; There were many unflattering shouts from the seats. The poet was haunted by quarrels and scandals everywhere. His mental state became increasingly unstable.

Since the spring of 1919, Mayakovsky, despite the fact that he constantly lived with the Briks, had for work a small boat-like room on the fourth floor of a communal apartment on Lubyanka (now this is the State Museum of V.V. Mayakovsky, Lubyansky proezd, 3/6 p.4). The suicide took place in this room.

Source-Internet

Vladimir Mayakovsky - facts, poems, biography - One of the greatest poets of the 20th century updated: December 12, 2017 by: website