Participial turnover A turnover consisting of a gerunds and words dependent on it. From time to time a slight ripple ran along the river from the wind, sparkling in the sun(Korolenko). An adverbial turnover indicates an action related to the subject of this sentence. The deviations from this norm found among classical writers are either gallicisms or the result of the influence of the popular language ... Having the right to choose weapons, his life was in my hands(Pushkin). Driving on the way back for the first time in the spring a familiar birch grove, my head was spinning and my heart was beating from a vague sweet expectation(Turgenev), a) if it refers to an infinitive indicating the action of another person. His house was always full of guests, ready to indulge his lordly idleness, sharing his noisy, and sometimes violent amusements(Pushkin); b) if it refers to a participle or participle, denoting an action, the subject of which does not coincide with the subject of the action expressed by the predicate. She did not answer him, thoughtfully watching the play of the waves that ran up the shore, swaying a heavy launch(Bitter). But Klim saw that Lida, listening to her father's stories, pursing her lips, did not believe them(Bitter); c) if used in an impersonal sentence with an infiaitive. It would be nice now to lie naked, hiding my overcoat with my head, and think about the village and about our(Kuprin). In these cases, there is no grammatical or logical subject in the sentence. If the latter is presented in the form of a dative subject, but there is no infinitive in the sentence to which the adverbial turnover could be attributed, then its use violates the norm (“Come to the forest, I feel cold”). Writers have such constructions of an individual character. Convinced that he could not understand this, he became bored(L. Tolstoy). After reading the story carefully, it seems to me that there are no editorial amendments in it.(Bitter). Adverbial expressions are mainly a part of book speech. Their undoubted advantage in comparison with their parallel adverbial clauses lies in their brevity and dynomiality. They are also characterized by great expressiveness, due to which they are widely used in the language fiction.. This feature of adverbial structures is seen from the following example. Writer D. I. Grigorovich, talking about his literary endeavors, recalls that his essay "Organ-grinders in Petersburg" won the approval of F. M. Dostoevsky, but the latter did not like one place in the chapter "Organ-grinder's audience". “For me,” writes Grigorovich, “it was written like this: When the organ-grinder stops playing, the official throws a nickle from the window, which falls at the organ-grinder's feet. “Not that, not that," Dostoevsky suddenly began irritably, "not at all! Yours is too dry: the nickel fell at your feet ... I should have said: the nickel fell on the pavement, ringing and jumping ... ”This remark - I remember very well - was a whole revelation for me. Yes, indeed, ringing and bouncing - it comes out much more picturesque, completes the movement ... "
Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M .: Education. D. E. Rosental, M. A. Telenkova. 1976 .
See what a "adverbial turnover" is in other dictionaries:
participial turnover- s. Syntactically: semi-predicative isolated turnover with the main member of the participle. Formally, grammatically, the verb adjoins the predicate (usually the conjugated form of the verb), and by meaning it also refers to the subject, ... ... Learning vocabulary stylistic terms
participial turnover- 1) A syntactic structure containing a gerunds and words dependent on it. 2) One of the stylistic means used in book styles of speech, in particular, in scientific speech... For example: Moreover, knowing this, one can also compose ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal
Turnover, m. 1. Full circle of rotation, circular turn. Wheel turnover. The shaft makes 20 revolutions per minute. || Back and forth movement, return to the starting place. To accelerate the turnover of wagons. 2. A separate stage, a completed process in a sequential ... ... Dictionary Ushakova
Same as construction. Participial turnover. Infinitive turnover. Participial … Dictionary of linguistic terms
TURNOVER, ah, husband. 1. see wrap, smile, contact, contact, turn around, smile. 2. Use, use. Start up in about. commemorative coin. Entered on. new word. 3. Separate part, a separate link, what stage n. activities, the development of which n ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
turnover- a; m. see also. revolving, turnover 1) a) Full circle of rotation; circular turn. Wheel speed / ton. The number of revolutions per minute. Turn the key two turns ... Dictionary of many expressions
A; m. 1. Full circle of rotation; circular turn. O. wheels. The number of revolutions per minute. Turn the key two turns. // Spec. Turning over from one side to the other, reverse. Reverse plowing. // pl.: turnovers, ov. Specialist. colloquial O… … encyclopedic Dictionary
adverbial- see the verbal participle; oh, oh. Deypricha / stny turnover (circumstance, vernacular with words depending on him) ... Dictionary of many expressions
Separate circumstances
Separate circumstances- 1. The adverbial turnover, as a rule, is isolated regardless of the place it occupies in relation to the predicate verb, for example: Walking next to him, she was silent, looked at him with curiosity and surprise (Gorky); Joy, stepping into one ... Spelling and Styling Reference
Books
- A set of tables. Russian language. Morphology. 15 tables,. Educational album of 15 sheets. Art. 5-8681-015. Morphological parsing words as parts of speech. Allocation of morphological features of nouns and adjectives by comparison. ...
The adverbial turnover is formed from the gerunds with dependent words. He acts as a circumstance in the sentence and answers the questions: “Why? How? When? For what purpose? How?" For such a construction, one can pose the questions: “What is being done? Having done what? " In writing, the adverbial turnover is always separated by commas. It means an additional, clarifying action. If in one sentence there are two adverbial turns, united by the union "and", then a comma is not put between them. The adverbial turnover is a form peculiar to written speech... Therefore, it is more common in business letters, scientific works, literary works. In oral speech, such a turn is not used, since it is inconvenient and inappropriate in it.
Examples of
- "The husband, without taking his eyes off the monitor, snapped the seeds."
- "The cat, blissfully stretching and humming contentedly, settled down on the computer table."
- "Without showing her embarrassment, she continued to speak."
Possible mistakes
- The adverbial turnover must refer to the same noun as the verb. Otherwise, errors appear that contradict the norms of the Russian language. An example of the misuse of the phrase: "Returning to my homeland, I started to get depressed." To make the proposal consistent, you need to rebuild it. For example, like this: "Returning to my homeland, I was sad."
- If there is no verb in the sentence, the adverbial turnover becomes inappropriate. Example: "I am a fine fellow, passing the exam, so I got the highest score." It will be correct: "I concentrated and remembered everything I know, passing the exam, so I got the highest score."
- In impersonal sentences, mistakes are often made like: "Even sitting down by the fireplace, I'm cold." Better in this case to say: "Even sitting down by the fireplace, I did not get warm."
- In indefinite personal sentences, the participle must be attributed to the intended person. Otherwise, it will be mistaken: "After graduating, the graduates were sent to practice." It would be more correct to say: "After graduating, the graduates went to practice."
If the adverbial turnover is part of a phraseological unit, then it is not highlighted with commas: "She listened to him with bated breath." If the adverb loses its verb meaning and acts as a complex preposition (usually, in such cases, words are used: starting, looking, from such and such a time, in accordance, on the basis), the turnover is not isolated. For example: "You can get down to business starting Monday." "We will act according to the situation." Here the words "starting" and "looking" can be easily removed without losing the meaning of the statement. If the word cannot be thrown out of the sentence, that is, it clarifies the action, then the turnover becomes isolated.
Do not confuse
The participle and adverbial turnovers differ from each other in that the first is separated by commas only if it comes after the main word, and the second is always, except in exceptional cases. Also, the participial turnover is checked by the fact that it can be started with the words "which, which". For example: "The book that was on the table has long been read by me from cover to cover." Here one could put it like this: "The book that lies on the table ..."
In Russian, there are special parts of speech that are adjacent to a noun or verb. Some linguists consider them to be special verb forms and explain this by the presence of similar signs.
In contact with
Morphological features
Let's consider in detail, what is participle and gerunds... Even ancient grammars noted their duality, so they gave them a name, meaning "involvement" in a noun, or verb.
Participle
It declines, that is, it changes in gender, number, case, has a short and full form. At the same time, the properties of a verb are inherent in it. For example, the presence of the form:
- checking notebooks ( imperfect species) - the one who checks (what is he doing?);
- checked (perfect view) - the one who checked (what did he do?).
Moreover , time matters. This constant feature data in the form of either present time(creating), either past(who built). The presence of return form(admitting Xia).
It is characterized by the presence of two pledges - the passive and the real. Passive participles denote a sign of an object experiencing an action on itself (received parcel - received parcel). Real ones, however, reflect the sign of an object that independently produces an action (a running person is one who runs himself).
From all of the above, the conclusion follows: this part of speech denotes a feature of an object by action, which manifests itself in time.
Gerunds
The term originated in the 18th century, has the meaning " attitude to action", Which is indicated by the first part of the word" dee- "(doer, deed). In modern grammar, such a name has a part of speech denoting additional action in relation to the main, expressed by the verb. Therefore, this form has verbal features:
- view perfect(opening), imperfect (closing);
- recurrence(pretending sit).
Perhaps this limits the similarity of the parts of speech under consideration, but there are numerous differences.
What is the difference
First of all, it should be noted that it does not change, that is, it does not incline or conjugate. Therefore, in his morphemic composition no inflection. On the contrary, the endings of the participles are their distinguishing feature.
The questions to which they answer will help to distinguish these verb forms:
- Full participle(what (th; th, th)?); short (what is (-a; -o, -s)?).
- Gerunds(what to do? what to do? how? how?).
Another difference is the different syntactic role. The verbal participle performs the function of a circumstance (Bending, meandering, into the distance, the river.). Short participle is only a predicate (The doors to the world of beautiful dreams are open.). The complete can be:
- definition (Foaming waves crashed against high, inaccessible rocks.);
- part of the composite nominal predicate(The bread was moldy.)
Suffixes
The formation of participles and gerunds occurs in a suffix way.
The gerunds are formed from verbs of the corresponding form. Table 1.
| View | Suffixes | Examples of |
| Perfect | -v, -lice, -shi | Throwing, bending over, saving |
| Imperfect | -and I); -uchi (obsolete forms) | Counting, sneaking |
It is the suffixes of participles and participles that indicate the belonging of words to one or another part of speech.
Important! When forming forms perfect kind the suffixes -а, -я are not used: incorrect use: looking, correct: looking.
The gerunds are not formed from the following imperfective verbs:
- ending in -ch (take care, burn the stove and others);
- having the suffix -nu- (pull, extinguish, shout, and others);
- run, stab, climb, plow, want, beat, whip, drink, eat, pour, anger, sew, tear, wait, bend, sleep, lie.
Condition the right choice vowel in present participle suffixes - knowledge of verb conjugation. Table 2.
note! Passive participles are formed only from transitive verbs... There are no present tense forms for the verbs: take care, shave, wake up, call, write, drink.
Table 3
Table 4
The choice of a vowel before -н (n) is determined by the infinitive suffix:
Spelling with NOT
Both parts of speech are written with NOT together, if not used without it, for example: disliked, hating.
In other cases, the verbal participle with is not always written separately, except for words with the prefix under-, meaning “less than it should be,” “poor quality,” for example, overlooking the child. Compare: without watching the film, that is, without finishing watching the film.
Particle "not" should be written separately with the short form of the participles (not embroidered), as well as with the full, if there are explanatory words (not published on time novel), negation (far, at all, never, not at all, not at all, and others) or opposition (not begun, but completed) ...
The use of one and two letters "n"
Doubled letter -нн- in suffixes of full participles, it is written, if available:
- prefix: beveled, cooked (but: uninvited guest);
- dependent words: steamed in the oven;
- suffixes -ova-, -eva-, -irov-: canned, delighted;
- the word is formed from a perfective verb without a prefix (exception: wounded): deprived.
In the end short forms one -n- is always written: based, unpacked.
Insulation of syntactic constructs
Often there is such punctuation error- incorrectly placed punctuation marks in sentences containing participial and participial phrases. The reason lies in the inability to distinguish them from each other, to determine the boundaries of these structures, to find the word to which they refer.
Let us find out under what conditions adverbial and participle turnover... Here are the rules existing in the language with examples.
Participial
Explains a noun or pronoun, is a definition, is isolated if:
- personal: lulled gentle words mother, he was fast asleep. I, who knew every path in the surrounding area, was appointed head of the reconnaissance group.
- stands after the designated noun: A soldier stunned by a projectile falls on the battlefield.
- has the ad hoc meaning of a reason or concession: Tired after a long journey, the tourists continued on their way. The tourists continued on their way (in spite of what?), Although they were tired after the long journey. Left to their own devices, the children found themselves in a difficult position.
Children found themselves in a difficult position (why?), Because they were left to their own devices.
Participial turnover
It denotes an additional action of the predicate verb, is a circumstance, always stands apart: Rising waves, the sea raged. The old man walked with a limp on one leg.
Important! An exception are the turns that have passed into the category of stable expressions, such as: holding their breath, headlong, sticking out their tongue, carelessly.
Compare the two sentences:
- Sticking out its tongue, the dog was breathing heavily (The dog stuck out its tongue).
- The boy was racing with his tongue out (running fast).
In the first case, the sentence contains an adverbial turnover. In the second, the expression "sticking out his tongue" has figurative meaning... It is easily replaced with one word, the adverb "quickly", therefore, it is, which does not stand apart.
Common grammatical mistakes
Most common mistake- incorrect coordination of the participle with the explained word, caused by the inability to correctly define it. This can be seen in the following example:
Tikhon was a weak-willed person who completely obeyed his mother - Kabanikha.
The writer asked a question from the word Tikhon, although the participle "obeyed" explains another word - "man." The correct version sounds like this:
Tikhon was a weak-willed person (what?), Completely obeying his mother - Kabanikha.
Passive and real participles are often confused:
Among the lottery tickets, there was one won.
From what is written it turns out: the ticket was won, although the idea is different: the ticket is won, therefore, we use the word won.
When using the adverbial participle, it is important to take into account that both actions, the main and the additional, must relate to one person. If this is not done, we will get similar phrases: Comprehending the depth of spiritual values, the hero's worldview changed.
The additional action, expressed by the gerunds, does not refer to the hero who performs the action, but to the word "worldview".
Correct option: Comprehending the depth of the spiritual values of the people, the hero changed his worldview.
For the same reason, this part of speech cannot be used in impersonal sentences that convey a state, and not an action: Having deceived mother, the children became ill.
Communion and gerunds: what's the difference? Participle and adverbial turnover - a simple explanation
Participial
Conclusion
Speech educated person impossible to imagine without verb forms. The first help to expand, comprehensively characterize the subject. The latter make it possible to simplify speech, replace the row homogeneous predicates, denoting not the main action, but a secondary, additional one. If you learn to understand the verbal participles, you can make your speech beautiful, bright, understandable, which is important for achieving success in life.
The analytical report of the FIPI on the results of the Unified State Exam in the Russian language says: "Most often, verbal adjectives, derivative service words are incorrectly classified as parts of speech, participles and participles, adjectives and adverbs, participles and adjectives do not differ."
We would like to remind once again the differences between verbal adjectives and participles.
Participles and verbal adjectives
From the same verb can be formed as forms participles and verbal adjectives ... If suffixes of different sound (letter) composition are used to form participles and adjectives, it is easy to distinguish them: from the verb burn using the suffix - box - participle is formed burning, and with the suffix - yuch - - adjective combustible... If both participles and adjectives are formed using suffixes that have the same sound (letter) composition (for example, -enn - or - them -), it is more difficult to distinguish between them.
However, there are also differences between participles and adjectives in this case.
1. Pr and parts denote a temporary sign of an object , associated with his participation (active or passive) in the action, and adjectives denote a permanent feature of the object (for example, 'arising as a result of the implementation of the action', 'able to participate in the action'), for example:
She was raised in strict rules (=She was brought up in strict rules)- participle;
She was brought up, educated (=She was well-mannered, educated).
2. Full word with suffix -n - (- nn-), -en - (- enn) - is an verbal adjective , if it is formed from the verb НСВ andhas no dependent words , and is a participle if it is formed from the verb SV and / or has dependent words, cf .:
unmown meadows ( adjective ),
unmowed meadows ( participle, because there is a dependent word ),
mown meadows ( participle, because SV ).
3. Since the passive participles of the present tense can only be in transitive verbs NSV, words with suffixes -them-, -eat- are adjectives if they are formed from the verb CB or an intransitive verb:
? waterproof boots(adjective, since the verb to get wet in the meaning of 'let the water through' is intransitive),
? invincible army(adjective, since the verb is to defeat SV).
Let us dwell in more detail on the formation of the forms of some participles and gerunds.
Participle forms
1. Of the options wandered - wandered, acquired - acquired, entangled - brought the first is used in book speech, the second in colloquial speech.
2. Non-prefixed verbs with suffix -Well- type fade, get wet, dry keep this suffix in participles, for example: deaf, sticky, wet, blind.
This type of prefix verbs tend to lose their participle suffix, for example: frozen, deaf, stuck, sour, wet, blind... V individual cases forms with the suffix ( stuck, disappeared) or parallel forms: with and without suffix ( withered - withered, withered - withered, dried up - dried up, comprehended - comprehended, bogged down - bogged down, withered - withered and some others).
3. Using recurrent participles with suffix -sya one should take into account the possibility of their two meanings coinciding - passive and recurrent, which can give rise to ambiguity, for example: the combination "animals going to the zoo" (instead of: animals sent to the zoo).
Forms of participles
1. Of the optionstaking - taking, meeting - meeting, buying - buying etc. the first (with the suffix-v ) is normative for the literary language, the second (with the suffix-lice ) is colloquial. Forms on-lice are stored in proverbs and sayings, for example:Having given your word, be strong; Having taken off their head, they do not cry for their hair .
2. Options are possiblefrozen - frozen, locked - locked, wiped - wiped, stretched - stretched, erased - erased (the second form in each pair is colloquial). But onlybringing out (do not "bring out"),sweeping (do not "sweep"),having found (not "got"),taking (do not "drive"),mistaken (not "mistaken"),carrying (do not "carry"), etc.
In pairs sticking out - sticking out(cf. run sticking out your tongue), putting - putting(cf. in all honesty), gaping - gaping(cf. listen open-minded), having fastened - fastened(cf. reluctantly agree), breaking - breaking(cf. rush headlong), lowering - later(cf. work slipshod), etc. the second forms are outdated and remain only in stable phraseological expressions. Wed also an obsolete shade in forms remembering, meeting, noticing, boredom, discovering, converting, leaving, forgiving, falling out of love, separating, seeing, hearing etc.
3. Stylistically colored (under the old folk speech) are adverbial forms on -uchi (-yuchi) : looking, warm, walking, traveling, pitiful, tenacious etc. In the meaning of adverbs, the following forms are used playfully(cf. playfully), sneak(cf. slink), chirping(cf. live happily), skillfully(cf. use skillfully) and some others.
Participial
A large number of mistakes are allowed in the use of participial phrases. Let's break it down into specific example... Let's take an offer:
The lying book on the table is read.
Its disadvantage is the wrong word order: the designated nounbookended up in the middle of the participle. According to the rules, the noun being defined must be either before the entire turnover, or after it. Wed: 1)The book on the table has been read;2) The book on the table has been read. Another example: "A student who writes a presentation without a single mistake will receive a high mark ". Can you say that? Will the combinations created according to this sample be correct: “athlete who can run a hundred meters in ten seconds », « prisoner trying to escape "? No, because participles have only two forms of tense - present and past, but they have no future tense. Therefore, from the perfect verbs(write, be able, try)communion on-shyare not formed. In these cases, the participial turnover is replaced by a relative clause:student who will write; an athlete who can run; a prisoner who tries to escape. Is it possible to say so: “Everyone who wishes to speak at the meeting will be given the floor "? No, because from verbs in the form of a conditional mood (with a particlewould)participles are not formed. In these cases, the participial turnover is also replaced by a relative clause:Anyone who wishes ...« The fruits of the new harvest, sent from the south, are already arriving in the industrial centers of the country. ". You may feel a little awkward as you read this sentence aloud. And really: does it not turn out that fruits "send themselves" to the north? The point is that the suffix-syav verb forms has not only a return value (cf .:The disciples govhike),but also a passive meaning, when an object is exposed to someone else's influence (cf.Replies to letters are sent by the secretary without delay).To avoid possible confusion, in such cases we use instead of the participle on-syacommunion onth(passive participle of the present tense), that is, instead of the construction “Fruit,departing ... "we write:Fruit,shipped ...Instead of "Girl,brought upgrowinggrandmother ... "-Girl,brought upgrandmother ...
The use of participial phrases helps to remove ambiguity in the sentence. For instance:Students completed internshipvone of the workshops of the plant, which was recently reorganized(was one of the shops or the plant as a whole reorganized?).
The participial phrase makes the necessary clarity: 1)... in one of the workshops of the plant, recently reorganized;2) ... in one of the workshops of a recently reorganized plant.
The stylistic feature of participles and participial phrases is that they give the statement a bookish character.A.S. Pushkin wrote: “We do not say:a carriage galloping across the bridge; a servant throwing a room;We talk:who gallops, who sweeps ... "The above reasoning of Pushkin, who noted the “expressive brevity of the participles”, has the following continuation: “The richer the language in expressions and phrases, the better for a skilled writer. The written language is revived every minute by expressions that are born in the conversation, but it must not renounce what it has acquired over the centuries. "
Participial turnover
Everyone knows the textbook phrase from the story of A.P. Chekhov: " Approaching this station, my hat flew off".
Its meaning is clear, but the sentence is not built well: the rule of adverbial use is violated.
The adverbial turnover usually moves freely within a sentence: it can stand at its beginning, in the middle and at the end.
For example: 1) Entering the classroom, the teacher greeted the students; 2) The teacher, entering the classroom, greeted the students; 3) The teacher greeted the students as he entered the classroom. As the examples show, the action expressed by the participle (entering) refers to the subject.
This provision is not observed in the epigraph: it deals with two active subjects in the grammatical meaning of this word - a passenger (he drove up to the station) and a hat (it flew off), and the passenger's action does not apply to the subject. It is easy to be convinced of the incorrect construction of this sentence if we rearrange the adverbial phrase: "The hat, approaching the station, flew off the passenger."
Compare in the student essay: " Living and rotating in an aristocratic society, Onegin developed the habits and attitudes inherent in this society."(It turned out that in an aristocratic society" habits and attitudes lived and revolved ").
It is possible to use an adverbial phrase in an impersonal sentence at indefinite form verb, for example: Crossing the street, you need to carefully monitor the traffic... In such sentences, there is neither grammatical nor logical subject (i.e., the subject of speech expressed in an impersonal sentence indirect case noun). But a proposal like: “ Approaching the forest, I felt cold»: There is no infinitive in it, to which the adverbial turnover could refer.
The adverbial turnover, like the participle, is usually used in book speech. Its undoubted merit is its brevity and laconism. Let's compare two sentences: After I have done homework, I'll go for a walk. - After completing my homework, I went for a walk... It is easy to see that the second sentence, more concise in its vocabulary, sounds more energetic than the first.
The verbal participles and verbal participles have great expressiveness, due to which they are widely used in the language of fiction. For instance: Mists, swirling and wriggling, slid there along the wrinkles of neighboring rocks(M. Yu. Lermontov); From time to time a slight ripple ran along the river from the wind, sparkling in the sun(V.G. Korolenko).
1) Arrange the punctuation marks, graphically highlight the adverbial and participle phrases (sign above them: adverb or adverb)1. Having rested from the evil pursuit, feeling their homeland, the Don horses are already drinking the Arpchay stream.
2. An eagle from a distant ascending peak soars motionless with me on a par.
3. I sat down in a chair and, while resting, watched how he fell silent as he went out.
4. A clerk who was sitting there gave one of the soldiers a paper soaked in tobacco smoke.
5. The house, surrounded by an old garden, looked like a country palace.
6. The low hanging sun was crushing in the foliage of the trees.
7. The city shrouded in fog quietly rustles.
8. He worked tirelessly.
2) Choose the correct answer - grammatically correct sentence with adverbial turnover:
1. Seeing me ...
2. was fun.
3. my friend smiled.
4. The walls of the houses looked familiar to me.
hanging over the tops of the poplars / was already pouring rain. - // the participial phrase is highlighted, x is the main word.
1. The park went down to the river, overgrown with green reeds. 2. A thick fog that fell on the sea broke for several minutes. 3. Large electric bulbs hanging from the ceiling in the center of the long hall were extinguished one after another. 4. Not large light eyes burning alarming fire were serious.
2) Change two_ three sentences so that the participle appears before the word being defined. Do I need to put a comma in this case?
Sample: / Hanging over the tops of poplars / cloud x was already raining. - // the participial phrase is highlighted, x is the main word.
Insert the missing letters. Place the commas. Underline the participial definition.I know Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin as a man in love ... wow in every flower in every bush in every tree .. in our Russian forest and field r..vniny.
Task number 4
Make 5 participle or participle sentences.
a) two or more participles in a sentence,
b) participle with dependent words,
c) participle with the defined word.
2) What is the participle in the sentence?
a) subject, b) definition, c) addition.
3) Find a sentence in which the participle phrase is not separated by commas:
a) I listened to the murmur of water flowing in the banks overgrown with sedge.
b) Suddenly I noticed two birds flying directly to the waterfall.
c) The detachment was built at the edge of the forest approaching the school site.
d) The birds, surrounded by gray haze, lost their way.
a) An started conversation, interrupted too early, did not resume.
b) In some places, ice floes glittering in the sun swayed smoothly on the waves.
c) From the recently awakened valleys, fragrant freshness breathed.
d) A small wooden house, painted with pink paint, stood in the middle of the garden.
a) Two scouts / paving the way for the infantry / went to the nearest approaches to the Vistula.
b) Volodya caught a potato steaming with a spoon with a spoon.
c) The sky was all in the stars / emitting even quiet light /.
d) / Strawberries covered with needles / needles are difficult to notice at first glance.
a) Alexei lies on a striped mattress stuffed with straw.
b) As an old friend who found a pilot in the forest, Sanka walked solidly behind the stretcher.
c) Fedka greedily looks at the pieces of sugar whitening on the table, and noisily sucks in saliva.
d) Grandfather looked at the sun-drenched and poorly bordered by sparse bushes coast.
a) Homeland! I see her immense fields rippling with crops.
b) The country that gave birth to us is vast and diverse, the rivers are inexhaustible and full-flowing, the mountains are high.
c) Wide sultry steppes, impenetrable Siberian taiga stretched out by the ocean, crowded cities scattered in our country.
d) Many languages are spoken by the people who inhabited this majestic country, spacious blue distances, calls and wonderful songs of the people living in it.
Behind their house there was a rather large garden (1) ending in a grove (2) long abandoned (3) and heavily overgrown.
a) 1, b) 1.2, c) 2.3 d) 1.3.
Participatory turnover test.
Option number 2.
1) Specify the correct condition for the separation of the participial turnover:
a) stands before the word being defined,
b) stands after the word being defined,
c) always, regardless of the place in the sentence.
2) What is in the sentence short participle?
a) subject, b) definition, c) predicate.
3) Find a sentence in which the participle phrase is separated by commas:
a) Through the eyes of my father, I saw the majestic world of my native nature that opened before me.
b) In the dead grass, yellowed from rain and wind, a fox cautiously made his way.
c) The heavy horse-skin door of the yurt was raised in the wall.
d) The smoke, corroding to the eyes and nostrils, still stood over the deciduous trees upturned from the ground.
4) Find a sentence with a punctuation error.
a) Human life can be compared with a stream that originates in the bowels of the earth.
b) There was a flock of children at the fence made of signs.
c) A tall geologist in a suit that had burnt out in the sun walked in front.
d) Once the shepherds noticed crows circling slowly over the ravine.
5) Indicate in which sentences the boundaries of the participial turnover are incorrectly indicated (punctuation marks are not placed):
a) Ivan offered to climb a clay hillock / overgrown with bushes / and look at the river.
b) / Brightly glowing sparks / looked like big stars.
c) Occasionally there were nocturnal rustles / sounds muffled by the forest /.
d) The instinct / developed in him during the days of forest life / alarmed him.
6) Indicate the sentences in which the punctuation marks are correctly placed:
a) The plane was standing behind a forest on the ice of a forest lake, melted from the edges, but still strong.
b) The light reflected by the snow blinded Alexei.
c) Near the stretcher he saw a restrained smiling face of the commander.
d) The forest, having finally shaken off the remnants of the darkness of the night, rose up in all its grandeur.
7) Indicate sentences with a punctuation error:
a) They say that there is nothing tastier than our bread, especially Moscow pastries just brought from bakeries.
b) Tasty hot baked goods breathing unique aromas.
c) There are different rolls, sprinkled with poppy seeds, challah, rye bread, bagels, snapped up instantly.
d) The road turned to the right, and on the left a path stretching into the distance appeared.
8) Indicate the numbers in the place of which you need to put commas.
The sun was bright and high above the bay (1) playing with (2) standing ships and (3) moving sails.
a) 1, b) 1.2, c) 2.3 d) 1.3.
