Features of personal pronouns in the indirect case of the Russian language. Everything you wanted to know about pronouns but didn't know how to ask

The pronouns of the 2nd and 1st person (singular or plural) can indicate certain persons, a person walking by, or an interlocutor (me, you, you, we).

Pronouns of the 3rd person (singular or plural) indicate those or those who not participates in a dialogue, or on an object (he, she, it, they). Personal pronouns can be used with prepositions: for him, for him, for him, with them, with him, thanks to him, her, them.

Forms of personal pronouns in Russian

The pronouns of the 3rd person have different forms in the presence and absence of a preposition: her - with her, with them - with them (after the preposition "n-" is added).

Some pronouns in the instrumental case have additional "elongated" forms: me - me, you - you, her - her, her - her.

All personal pronouns have the same genitive and accusative forms.

Definitions and applications related to personal pronouns are always separated by commas.

case	units h.						pl. h.
	1 l.	2 p.		3 l.			1 l.	2 p.	3 l.
	1 l.	simple form	polite form	m. r.	g. R.	wed R.	1 l.	2 p.	3 l.
AND	i	you	You	is he	she	it	we	you	they
R	me	you	You	his	her	his	us	you	their
Rp	me	you	You	him	her	him	us	you	them
D	to me	you	You	him	to her	him	us	you	them
Dp	to me	you	You	him	her	him	us	you	him
IN	me	you	You	his	her	his	us	you	their
Bn	me	you	You	him	her	him	us	you	them
T	me, by me	you, to you	You	them	her, her	them	us	you	them
TP	me, by me	you, to you	You	him	her, she	him	us	you	them
P	to me	you	You	him	her	him	us	you	them

Designation of cases in the table: I - nominative, P - genitive, Pn - genitive with a preposition, D - dative, Dn - dative with a preposition, B - accusative, Bn - accusative with a preposition, T - instrumental, Tn - instrumental with a preposition, P - prepositional (always with a preposition).

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See what "Personal pronouns" are in other dictionaries:

Personal pronouns - PERSONAL PRONOUNS. Nouns denoting the 1st or 2nd person of speech (see Face). In Russian. this includes L.M. of the 1st and 2nd persons of both numbers (me, me, etc.; you, you, etc.; we, us, etc.; you, you, etc.). In the name. pad. L. M. can ... ... Dictionary of literary terms

PERSONAL, oh, oh; chen, chna. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

The category of pronouns indicating the participants of speech - the author (me, we), the addressee (you, you) and all non-participants (he, they), as well as possessive pronouns. The rules for using personal pronouns (you and you) are determined by speech etiquette. Literature ... ... Literary encyclopedia

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns - 1. The pronoun of the 3rd person (he, she, it, they) usually replaces the nearest preceding noun in the form of the same gender and number. However, this connection of a pronoun with a noun is sometimes determined by the meaning, and not by the word order, ... ... Spelling and Styling Reference

See personal pronouns (pronoun in the article) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

personal pronouns - Nouns denoting the 1st or 2nd person of speech (see face). In Russian. this includes L.M. of the 1st and 2nd persons of both numbers (me, me, etc.; you, you, etc.; we, us, etc.; you, you, etc.). In the name. pad. LM can be used, etc., ... ... Grammar Dictionary: Grammar and Linguistic Terms

This article discusses the forms of personal pronouns in the Catalan language. Percussion form Catalan language Russian jo i tu you ell he ella she vostè you (polite form, singular) nosaltres we vosaltres you ells they (m) elles they (f) ... ... Wikipedia

Terms and concepts of general morphology: Dictionary-reference

personal pronouns in grammar - Words expressing grammatical meanings, but not being modifiers, since they are autonomous fully grammatical roots denoting objects, although they do not contain any lexical semes. For instance:… … Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

Books

Niger-Congolese proto-language. Personal pronouns, Kirill Babaev. The book is devoted to a comparative analysis of personal marking systems in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Niger-Congolese macrofamily - the largest genetic association of languages \u200b\u200bin the world. The macrofamily includes ...

Pronoun - is an independent non-significant part of speech that indicates objects, signs or quantities, but does not name them.

The grammatical features of pronouns are different and depend on which part of speech is replaced by the pronoun in the text.

Ranks of pronouns by meaning

There are 9 categories of pronouns by meaning:

1. Personal : me, you, he, she, it, we, you, they... Personal pronouns indicate participants in the dialogue ( me, you, we, you), persons not participating in the conversation, and objects ( he, she, it, they).

2. Returnable : myself... This pronoun indicates the identity of a person or object named by the subject, a person or object named by the word itself ( He won't hurt himself. Hopes fell short).

3. Possessive : ... Possessive pronouns indicate that an object belongs to a person or another object ( This is my portfolio. Its size is very convenient).

4. Indicative : this, that, such, such, so much, this (outdated), this (deprecated). These pronouns indicate a sign or number of objects.

5. Definitive : himself, most, all, everyone, everyone, any, other, different, every (outdated), every kind (deprecated). Definitive pronouns indicate a sign of an object.

6. Interrogative : who, what, what, who, whose, how much... Interrogative pronouns serve as special interrogative words and indicate persons, objects, signs and quantities.

7. Relative : the same as interrogative, in the function of connecting parts of a complex sentence ( union words).

8. Negative : nobody, nothing, nobody, nothing, nothing, nobody... Negative pronouns express the absence of an object or feature.

9. Undefined : someone, something, some, some, some, as well as all pronouns formed from interrogative pronouns with the prefix something- or suffixes - then, - or, -.

The categories of pronouns by grammatical features

By their grammatical characteristics, pronouns correlate with nouns, adjectives and numerals. Pronoun nouns indicate a person or an object, pronominal adjectives indicate a sign of an object, and pronominal numerals indicate quantity.

TO pronouns-nouns include: all personal pronouns, reflexive self, interrogative-relative who and what and negative and indefinite derived from them ( nobody, nothing, nobody, nothing, somebody, something, somebody, etc.).

TO pronouns-adjectives include all possessive, all determinative, indicative this, that, such, such, this, this, interrogative-relative which, which, whose and negative and indefinite (no, nobody's, some, some, some, etc.).

TO pronouns-numerals pronouns belong as much as those derived from them ( several, some and etc.).

Grammatical features of pronouns-nouns

Pronouns include the following pronouns: personal I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they, returnable myself, interrogative-relative who and what and derived from them negative and indefinite ( nobody, nothing, nobody, nothing, somebody, something, somebody, something, something and etc.).

These pronouns have grammatical features similar to the grammatical features of nouns, but they also have certain differences from significant nouns. You can ask them questions who? or what ?, in the sentence these words act mainly as subjects or additions.

Consider the morphological features of noun pronouns.

Personal pronouns have morphological characteristics faces :

1 person: i, we;

2nd person: you you;

3rd person: he, she, it, they.

The morphological sign of the face of pronouns is expressed out of words - the personal endings of the verb in the present or future tense of the indicative mood and the forms of the imperative mood of the verb, that is, those verb forms that have the morphological sign of the person:

1st person: I'm going, we are going;

2nd person: you go-eat, go-and-, you go, go-and-those;

3rd person: he, she, it goes, let it go, they go, let it go.

For the rest of the pronouns-nouns, as well as for all significant nouns, it is not customary to determine the face.

Personal pronouns have a morphological feature numbers ... Personal pronouns are unique ( me, you, he, she, it) and plural ( we you they) numbers.

Pronouns-nouns have a constant feature kind ... This question, like the question of number, is poorly covered in school textbooks. We will proceed from the following provisions. All personal pronouns have a constant gender characteristic, which, like in the case of significant nouns, is expressed out of words.

The pronouns I and you are of a common gender: I, you came - I, you came.

The pronoun he is masculine: he came.

She is a feminine pronoun: she came.

It is a neuter pronoun: it came-oh.

Plural pronouns we, you, they are not characterized by gender. We can talk about the animate nature of personal pronouns, since the V. n. In them coincides with the R. n. ( no you - I see you).

All personal pronouns change by cases , that is, they are inclined.

In indirect cases with a preposition, n is added to the pronouns of the 3rd person: him, to them, from her... Addition does not occur with derivative prepositions for, thanks, according to, in spite of, etc.: thanks to her, according to him.

Reflexive pronoun-noun itself has no gender and number. It declines in the same way as the personal pronoun you, except that the pronoun itself does not have the form I. p.

Interrogative-relative pronouns who are masculine singular ( who came, but not who came or who came), and the pronoun what is the neuter singular ( what happened).

Formed from the pronouns who and what, negative and indefinite pronouns have the same characteristics as the pronouns who and what. A feature of indefinite pronouns someone and something is that someoneonly has the form of an I. p., and something - I. p. And V. p. A negative pronouns no one and there is nothing, on the contrary, do not have the form I. p.

Negative and indefinite pronouns with prefixes not- and not-, when used with prepositions, "pass" the preposition inward: no one, no one.

Grammatical features of adjective pronouns

Adjective pronouns include all possessive ( my, your, your, our, your, his, her, them), all determinants ( himself, most, all, everyone, everyone, any, other, different, every, every), indicative this, that, such, such, this, this, interrogative-relative which, which, whose and derived from them negative and indefinite ( no, nobody, some, some, someand etc.).

Pronouns-adjectives have grammatical features similar to those of significant adjectives: they have unstable signs of gender, number and case , in which they agree with the noun to which they refer, in the sentence are the definition or (rarely) the nominal part of the predicate.

Possessive pronouns deserve special mention him, her and them... Unlike the words mine, yours, ours, your pronouns, his, her and theirs are unchangeable (cf. his house, desk, window; his houses, desks, windows). Immutability is their constant feature.

Pronouns-adjectives such and such do not change in cases and are used only in the function of the predicate.

Grammatical features of pronouns-numerals

Pronouns-numerals are few. These are as many words as there are pronouns derived from them, somewhat, somewhat, somewhat.

As well as significant numerals, these words do not have morphological signs of gender and number; they change in cases and are combined in a special way with nouns: they govern the r. N. Pl. the numbers of a noun in I. p. and V. p. and agree with the noun in indirect cases. These words are declined in the same way:

I. p. How many

R. p. How many

How many

V. p. How many

So how many

P. n. How many.

The word is not usually attributed to pronouns, but to adverbs, since it is unchangeable.

Morphological analysis of pronouns

Pronouns are morphologically disassembled according to the following plan: I. Part of speech. Overall value. Initial form (i. P., Singular h.). II. Morphological signs: 1. Constant signs: a) rank by meaning, b) person (for personal pronouns), c) number (for pronounsme, you, you ) 2. Non-permanent signs: a) case, b) number (if any), c) gender (if any).

III. Syntactic role

SAMPLE Parsing of Pronouns

At the gallery, some confused citizen found in his pocket a pack tied with a bank method and with the inscription “One thousand rubles” on the cover ... A few seconds later, the rain of money, all thickening, reached the armchairs, and the audience began to catch pieces of paper (M. A. Bulgakov).

I. Some (what?) - a pronoun, some initial form.

unstable signs: in husband. kind, units number, I. p.

III. Citizen (what?) Some (definition).

I. (Y) myself (who?) - pronoun, initial form of myself (R. p.)

II. Permanent signs: recurrent;

unstable signs: in R. p.

III. Found (where?) In myself (circumstance).

I. Several (how many?) - pronoun, initial form several.

II. Persistent symptoms: vague;

unstable signs: in V. p.

III. Reached (when?) In a few seconds (circumstance).

Pronoun - this is independent part of speech, which indicates objects (things, persons, their number), but does not name them: you, they, so much... Pronouns answer noun questions who? what?, adjectives which one? whose? and numerals how?: i laughing my sister, some horses.

Morphological and syntactic features of the pronoun depend on which part of speech it replaces in this case.

The categories of pronouns.

Ranks of pronouns differ by lexical and grammatical characteristics.

By lexical characteristics pronouns are:

personal pronouns: me, you, he, she, it, we, you, they... Personal pronouns indicate participants in a dialogue or conversation, as well as objects.

possessive pronouns: my, yours, ours, theirs, theirs, his, hers... Possessive pronouns indicate that something belongs to someone or something: my house, your bed.

demonstrative pronouns: that, this, such, such, so much, and outdated this and this... As you might guess from the name, these pronouns indicate the quantity or characteristic of an object: this closet, so many hands.

reflexive pronoun: myself... This pronoun means that a person or object that acts as a subject is identical to another person or object (which is called the pronoun itself): He loves himself very much.

interrogative pronouns: what, who, who, what, whose, how much... These pronouns serve to form questions and indicate objects, persons, signs or quantities: Who's come? What are the students? How many are there?

relative pronouns - the same interrogative, but they do not serve to form questions, but to communicate in complex sentences, acting as union words: I understood, who was my secret admirer. It was a guy which the studied with me at the same faculty.

determinative pronouns: most, himself, everyone, all, each, another, any, obsolete - everyand every kind... Definitive pronouns indicate a sign of a subject: the best husband, every crook, every Tuesday.

negative pronouns: nothing, nobody, nobody, nobody, nothing, nobody, nobody, nothing... These pronouns do not indicate, but, on the contrary, deny the presence of an object or feature: I not at all was not offended. No one was not to blame for my absent-mindedness.

indefinite pronouns: something, someone, some, some, some... The rest of the indefinite pronouns are formed using suffixes something, something, something and the basics of the interrogative pronoun: some candy, someone knocked, give me something.

By grammatical features pronouns can be divided into:

Pronouns-nouns: me, you, he, she, it, they, we, you, they, someone, something, nobody, yourselfother. These pronouns have their own features.

They indicate objects or faces.
They answer the same questions as nouns: who?
They are declined by case: who, whom, to whom, by whom, etc.
They have such syntactic connections in a sentence as a noun.

Pronouns-adjectives: your, my, your, our, what, such, that and others. They also have their own features.

Like an adjective, they indicate a sign of an object.
The answer to the question is what? whose?
They change in numbers, gender and cases in the same type as adjectives.
Associate with nouns as adjectives.

Pronouns-numerals: how much, how much, several.

The answer to the question is how many numbers?
Indicate the number of items, but do not name it.
Usually declined in cases.
Interact with nouns like numerals.

The syntactic role of the pronoun.

Pronoun can protrude in a sentence in role

The subject: You will you come to the meeting?
Predictable: it is he.
Definitions: I want to return his notebook.
Supplements: Mom called me.
Circumstances: how could it happen?

It's hard to say how we would manage without pronouns. Almost no phrase can be constructed without them. For example, the previous two. That is, of course, you can. But why bother.

If you put together all the pronouns in Russian, you get an impressive document. But just lumping everything together doesn't make sense. Therefore, we have prepared a special article for you. It contains all the basic information about the categories of pronouns, their grammatical features and spelling, as well as a sample of morphological analysis. Special tables will help you to better assimilate all the necessary knowledge about pronouns in Russian. And examples from literary works will help you to better visualize how the grammatical characteristics of pronouns are implemented in practice.

What are pronouns

Pronoun name an independent part of speech, which is used instead of nouns, adjectives, numbers and adverbs (or their characteristics) to indicate these nouns, adjectives, numbers and adverbs (as well as their signs and number), without naming them.

The grammatical features of pronouns depend on which part of speech they mean. More on this below.

Pronouns are divided into two types of categories: by meaning and by grammatical features.

Digits by value:

personal;
returnable;
possessive;
interrogative;
relative;
indicative;
determinative;
negative;
undefined.

Sometimes reciprocal and generalized pronouns are also added to this classification.

Grammatical categories:

generalized subject;
generalized-qualitative;
generalized quantitative.

This classification examines how pronouns relate to different parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, numerals. In some sources, a special group of pronouns related to adverbs is sometimes ranked here.

Now we will analyze all these categories in detail.

Categories of pronouns in Russian

By value:

Personal pronouns. In speech, they indicate its object - the person in question. Pronouns 1 ( i / we) and 2 ( you you) the faces designate the participants in the speech. 3rd person pronouns ( he, she, it / they) indicate persons who do not participate in speech.

Obsolete personal pronoun one used to designate objects of speech of the feminine gender (plural).

Personal pronouns in Russian change by persons and numbers, pronouns of the 3rd person singular - also by gender, as well as by cases.

In a sentence they play the role of a subject or addition.

I couldn't shake the feeling that they were seeing us. (Ch.T. Aitmatov)
Life is always accompanied by effort, hardship and hard work, because it is not a garden with beautiful flowers. (I.A. Goncharov)
Why don't I want to be smarter if I understand how stupid everyone is? If you wait for everyone to wiser, it will take too long ... and then I realized that this was completely impossible. (F.M.Dostoevsky)

Reflexive pronouns.In speech, indicate the direction of action on the subject. Reflexive pronoun myself does not have the nominative case, but declines in all other cases: yourself, yourself, yourself / yourself, (about) yourself... Does not change by person, number, gender.

In a sentence, plays the role of an addition.

If you happen to be angry with anyone, be angry with yourself at the same time, at least for the fact that you managed to get angry with another. (N.V. Gogol)
There is nothing more pleasant than being obliged in everything to yourself. (N.V. Gogol)
To live for oneself is not to live, but to exist passively: one must fight. (I.A. Goncharov)
We often allow ourselves to think that ancient people are like inexperienced children. (L. N. Tolstoy)

Possessive pronouns.In speech, they indicate the belonging of a certain object (objects) to the subject (or subjects).

Possessive pronouns:

1 person - my, my, my / my and our, our, our / our;
2 persons - yours, yours, yours / yours and your, your, your / your;
3 persons - him, her / them.

Possessive pronouns in Russian change, as you already understood, by persons, gender and numbers, as well as in combination with a noun that is being explained, by cases. The 3rd person pronouns are not declined.

Our choices, more than our abilities, show our true essence. (J.K. Rowling)
In our office, out of thirty-two staff members, twenty-eight called themselves: "The Golden Pen of the Republic." The three of us, in order of originality, were called silver. (S.D.Dovlatov)
There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which no precise expression could be found in our language. (K.G. Paustovsky)

Interrogative pronouns.Pronouns who ?, what ?, which ?, what ?, whose ?, which ?, how much ?, where ?, when ?, where ?, where ?, where ?, why?serve as interrogative words (indicate persons, objects, signs, number) when making interrogative sentences.

They vary in numbers, gender, cases, but not all.

Do you know what is given to a person, and only to him? Laugh and cry. (E.M. Remarque)
Darling, dear, funny fool, / Well, where are you, where are you chasing? (S. A. Yesenin)
What is the law? / Law - there is a tight rope on the street, / To stop passers-by in the middle of the road<...> (V.A.Zhukovsky)

Relative pronouns.Pronouns who, what, what, what, whose, who, how much, where, where, when, where, whyact, including in the role of union words in compound sentences and serve to connect the subordinate clause and the main parts of a complex sentence.

Like interrogative, relative pronouns who what and how incline by cases. The rest are by number, gender and case. Except for pronouns where, where, when, where, whythat are immutable.

In a sentence, depending on the parts of speech they replace, they can act in different syntactic roles.

There are such low characters who love, as if they hate! (F.M.Dostoevsky)
People will always have something to find, discover, invent, because the very source of this knowledge is inexhaustible. (I.A. Goncharov)
Outright anger is far less repellent than pretending to be kind. (L.N. Tolstoy)
Joy can be compared to oil in a lamp: when there is little oil in the lamp, the wick quickly burns out and the light from the lamp is replaced by black smoke. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Demonstrative pronouns.Indicate the signs or number of objects of speech. Pronouns belong to this category: so much, this, that, such, such, here, here, here, there, from there, from here, then, therefore, then, obsolete pronouns this one.

Demonstrative pronouns in Russian are changed by cases, gender and numbers.

I've been going to buy myself a castle for two years. Happy are those who have nothing to lock. (F.M.Dostoevsky)
Sometimes a person reaches such a point that if he does not step over, he will be unhappy, and if he steps over, he will become even more unhappy. (F.M.Dostoevsky)
Truth should be served the way a coat is served, not thrown in the face like a wet towel. (M. Twain)
Anyone who strives for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Definitive pronouns.Serve to indicate the sign of the object of speech. These include: .

The definitive pronouns are declined in cases, change in gender and numbers.

Everyone who stops learning grows old, no matter at 20 or 80, and everyone else who continues to learn remains young. The most important thing in life is keeping your brain young. (G. Ford)
One good friend is worth more than all the benefits of this world. (Voltaire)
Even the most frank thought, the purest and most clearly conveyed fantasy, be it truth or fiction, cannot evoke sincere sympathy. (L.N. Tolstoy)
We do not need magic to change this world - we already have everything that we need for this: we can mentally imagine the best ... (J.K. Rowling)

Negative pronouns.In speech, they act as a pointer to the absence of a speech object or its signs. Pronouns nobody, nothing, nobody, nothing, nothing, nobody, nowhere and the like, as you can see for yourself, are formed from interrogative / relative pronouns by attaching prefixes not- (under stress) and nor- (without stress).

In Russian, negative pronouns change in cases, gender and numbers.

The old truth will never be embarrassed by the new - it will place this burden on its shoulders. Only the sick, obsolete is afraid to take a step forward. (I.A. Goncharov)
I believe that nothing goes without a trace and that every smallest step matters for the present and future life. (A.P. Chekhov)
Never take any difficult moves if the same can be achieved in much simpler ways. This is one of the wisest rules of life. It is very difficult to apply it in practice. Especially intellectuals and romantics. (E. M. Remarque)
Philosophers and children have one noble trait - they do not attach importance to any differences between people - neither social, nor mental, nor external. (A.T. Averchenko)

Indefinite pronouns.In speech, vague signs and the number of objects of speech are expressed, as well as their uncertainty.

Pronouns of this category are also formed from interrogative / relative ones by adding prefixes to them: not-, something- something, someone, some, some, somewhat, somehow, something etc. And also postfixes: - then, - or, - some - someone, somewhere, some etc.

The indefinite pronouns in the Russian language change by gender and number, they are declined by cases.

You can say a lot of nonsense, following only the desire to say something. (Voltaire)
Some are accustomed to living on everything that is ready, walking on someone's handles, eating chewed food ... (F.M.Dostoevsky)
There is hardly anything else that human frivolity is more often discerned in such a terrifying measure as in the arrangement of marital unions. (N. S. Leskov)

Mentioned above reciprocal pronouns serve to express relationship to two or more persons and objects.

Their number in the Russian language is very large due to the many prepositions, thanks to which a large number of variational forms are found for each mutual pronoun. For instance, each other, about each other, in each other, for each other, each other, one for the other, one from under the other, one after another, in the end, from end to beginning, from first to second, from case to occasion, time after time, from this to that - and this is far from a complete list.

They play the role of additions in the sentence.

People are pressed together like rats in a cage, their anger at each other is natural for lonely kings. (A.V. Korolev)
In bad weather or just when we want to, we have fun looking at the contents of the tin boxes. We carefully unfold the wax paper bags and show each other what makes us who we are. (G. Petrovich)

Generalizing pronouns serve in speech to indicate objects that are combined according to any signs that do not express quality. For example, speech objects combined in pairs ( both; both), or identical ( the same, the same), or a whole set ( everyone, everyone, all) etc.

Russian pronoun category table

Bit by value	Examples of pronouns
1. Personal	1 person - me, we 2 person - you, you 3rd person - he, she, it, they (+ one)
2. Returnable	myself
3. Possessive	1 face - mine, mine, mine, mine, our, our, our, our 2 face - yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours 3 person - him, her, them
4. Interrogative	who? what? which one? what? whose? which the? how? Where? when? where? where from? what for?
5. Relative	who, what, what, what, whose, who, how much, where, when, where, why
6. Indicative	so much, this, that, such, such, here, here, here, there, from there, from here, then, therefore, then (+ this, this)
7. Definitives	all, everyone, everything, himself, most, each, any, other, different, all kinds, everywhere, everywhere, always
8. Negative	nobody, nothing, nobody, nothing, nothing, nobody
9. Undefined	someone, something, some, some, a few, some, some, some, some, some, some, some, some, some, some, some, some

"Non-classical" digits are not included in this table on purpose, so as not to create confusion.

Correlation of pronouns with other parts of speech

In other words, grammatical digits:

Pronouns-nouns indicate a person or object. Syntactic and morphological characteristics are related to nouns. For example, you can also ask them questions in a sentence who? So what? and they act as either subject or complement. And also the categories of person (for personal, through associated verbs), number, gender (expressed in words associated with the pronoun) and case. By the way, the pronoun who - masculine, while what - middle.

Pronouns-nouns in Russian include: all personal and reflexive pronouns, part of interrogative / relative, negative, indefinite. In particular: he, she, it, they, who, what, nobody, nothing, someone, something, someone, somethingetc.

Pronouns-adjectivesin speech they indicate the attribute of an object, and this allows them to be correlated with adjectives. In addition, they show inconsistent signs of gender, number, and can be declined in cases. Although, for example, pronouns what and such is do not incline and in a sentence, unlike others, can only be predicates. All other adjective pronouns act either as definitions or as an integral part of the predicate.

The possessive pronouns of the 3rd person are also immutable: him, her, them.

Adjective pronouns include all possessive pronouns and all attributives, part of demonstrative and interrogative / relative, negative and indefinite ones. Namely: my, your, your, our, your, what, who, whose, that, this, the very, everyone, everyone etc.

Pronouns-numerals, as you might guess, indicate the number of items, without indicating it exactly. These include pronouns as much as and their derivatives are undefined some, some, some.

Pronouns in this category are capable of declining in cases (all the same). But they do not change in gender and number. They agree with nouns according to the same principle as cardinal numbers.

Pronouns-adverbs, already mentioned above, are a special group that is not always distinguished. Often they are not classified as pronouns at all. Like adjective pronouns, they indicate a sign, but are unchangeable and characterize an action. And this allows us to correlate them with adverbs.

Pronouns of this category do not show signs of gender and number, do not inflect by cases. They agree with verbs in the same way as adverbs. And circumstances play a role in the sentence.

Adverb pronouns include: where, where, when, so.

Pronouns in Russian - a table of categories in relation to parts of speech

Grammatical category	Examples of pronouns
1. Pronouns-nouns	he, she, it, they, who, what, nobody, nothing, someone, something, someone, something and others
2. Pronouns-adjectives	my, your, your, our, your, what, who, whose, that, this, the very, everyone, each and others
3. Pronouns-numerals	as much as, some, some, some
4. Pronouns-adverbs	where, where, when, so

Cases of pronouns in Russian

Pronouns of different categories have their own characteristics of change in cases. Now we will analyze some of them in more detail.

1. Cases of personal pronouns

In indirect cases, these pronouns change not only the endings, but also the stem:

I. p. me, you, we, you, he, it, she, they

R. p. me, you, us, you, him, him, her, them

D. p. me, you, us, you, him, him, her, them

V. p. me, you, us, you, him, him, her, them

Etc. me (me), you (you), us, you, them, them, her (her), them

P. p. (about) me, (about) you, (about) us, (about) you, (about) him, (about) him, (about) her, (about) them.

The pronouns 1 and 2 of the singular person do not have clearly defined categories of gender: they are used in masculine, feminine, and average.

Pronouns of 3rd person, when declining, can lose their initial consonant: she - but her etc.

2. For reflexive pronouns myself there are only indirect case forms. It also declines as a personal pronoun you:

Etc. yourself (yourself)

P. p. (About Me

possessive pronouns ( my, your, our, your);
index ( this, this, such);
interrogative / relative ( which, which, whose);
attributive ( most, himself, all, everyone, different).

I. p. our, our, our, our; such, such, such, such

R. p. our, our, our, ours; such, such, such, such

D. p. our, our, our, our; such, such, such, such

V. p. our, our, our, ours; such, such, such, such

Etc. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

P. p. (about) our, (about) our, (about) our, (about) our; (oh) such, (oh) such, (oh) such, (oh) such

Definitive pronouns myselfand mostalthough they are similar, they incline differently. The difference is indicated mainly by stress:

I. p. SAMY, SAM

R. p. very, very

D. p. very, very

V. p. very, very

Etc. by itself, by itself

P. p. (o) sama, (o) himself

* The capital letter indicates the stressed syllable.

Pay attention to the declension of the definitive pronouns. whole, all, all:

I. p. all, all, all

R. p. all, all, all

D. p. everything, everything, everything

V. p. all, all, all

Etc. all, all (all), all

P. p. (about) everything, (about) everything, (about) all

With the declination of the feminine and neuter pronouns, only the endings change, but in the masculine gender the stem also changes.

4. Interrogative / relative ( who what) and negative ( nobody, nothing) pronouns when changing in cases, the bases change:

I. p. who, what, nobody, nothing

R. p. who, what, nobody, nothing

D. p. to whom, what, nobody, nothing

V. p. who, what, nobody, nothing

Etc. who, what, nothing, nothing

P. p. (about) someone, (about) anything, about anyone, about anything.

Moreover, in the prepositional case, the preposition splits negative pronouns into three words.

5. Like the reflexive pronoun, some negative pronouns do not have a nominative form:

R. p. no one

D. p. no one

V. p. no one

Etc. no one

P. p. not about anyone.

6. Indefinite pronouns are also declined as interrogative / relative pronouns from which they are derived:

I. p. some, some

R. p. any, something

D. p. something, something

V. p. some, some

Etc. something, something

P. p. (about) any, about something

7. There are variable case forms for the indefinite pronoun. a certain:

I. p. a certain

R. p. some

D. p. to some

V. p. no one

Etc. some (some)

P. p. (oh) some

Variant case forms exist for this pronoun and in other gender / number.

8. Some indicative ( such is), relative ( what), undefined ( someone, something) pronouns do not change in cases. Pronouns-adverbs are not inclined either where, where, when, so.

Morphological parsing of pronouns

We offer you a diagram of the morphological parsing of pronouns and an example of such parsing.

Parsing scheme:

Designate the part of speech, the grammatical meaning of the pronoun, write the initial form (put in the nominative case (if any), singular).
Describe morphological features:
- constant (rank by value, rank by grammatical features, person (for personal and possessive), number (for personal 1 and 2 persons);
- impermanent (case, number, gender).
Indicate the role it plays in the sentence.

Sample morphological parsing of pronouns

Don't waste your energy on remaking people - they will not change. Have them who decided on a strong act, that one and right (F.M.Dostoevsky).

Morphological features: constant - personal, pronoun-noun, 3rd person; impermanent - nominative, plural.

(at) them

Pronoun; points to the object of speech, without directly naming it, n.f. - they.
Morphological features: constant - personal, pronoun-noun, 3rd person; impermanent - genitive, plural.
Role in the proposal: addition.

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without naming it, n.f. - who.
Morphological signs: constant - relative, pronoun-noun; impermanent - nominative.
Plays the role of a subject in a sentence.

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without naming it, n.f. - that one.
Morphological features: constant - demonstrative, pronoun-adjective; impermanent - nominative, singular, masculine.
Role in the sentence: subject.

Pronoun spelling

Personal pronouns

When declining personal pronouns in Russian in indirect cases, a letter appears at the base of the 3rd person pronouns nif there is a preposition in front of them. For instance, about him, to them, about her, among themetc.

H does not join:

in the dative case, if the pronoun is preceded by a derivative preposition thanks, similarly, in spite of, in agreement, towards, in spite of: contrary to to her, towards themaccording to him;
if the pronoun is used in a phrase where it is preceded by an adjective or adverb in a comparative degree: took more his, bought cheaper their.

Indefinite pronouns

Indefinite pronouns are always hyphenated with a prefix something and postfixes something, - or, something: someone, somehow, something, somewhere etc.

When declining indefinite pronouns in the prepositional case between the prefix something and the pronoun is the preposition. In this case, they are written in three words: about something, something from something etc.

Negative pronouns

Negative pronouns are formed from interrogative / relative with prefixes not- / not-. Not- written under stress, in an unstressed syllable - nor-: there is no one to trust - not to see anyone, there is nowhere to leave - nowhere to be found; nobody, nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing.

When declining negative pronouns in Russian in the forms of indirect cases, prepositions can be used. They break the word into three, which are spelled separately, and the prefixes become particles: no - from nothing, nothing - from anything, no one - not about anyone etc.

note

1. It is necessary to distinguish the spelling of prefixes not- / not- and homonymous particles no / no:

Remember spelling: as nor in what notused to... The confusion of the spelling of particles not / nor leads not only to spelling errors, but also to a distortion of the meaning of the statement. Compare: not with anything(particle nor has an amplifying meaning) - nothing (particle not has a negative value).
Choosing a particle can completely reverse the meaning of a statement: none (\u003d none at all) - not one (\u003d many), not once (\u003d never at all) - more than once (\u003d many times).
Don't confuse negative pronouns with a prefix nor- (nowhere, nobody, nobody) and pronouns with particle nor (no one, no where, no one). Compare: Neither where not a trace of a person was found. - I have no idea nor Who are you, nor where do you live, nor who do you serve.
Pay attention to the difference between phrases none other than - none other; nothing but - nothing else... Particle not expresses negation, and the whole phrase is used to oppose parts of the statement to each other. Opposition is expressed by union as (\u003d union and). If the sentence is affirmative and if it is impossible to add a second negation without breaking the meaning, use the particle not and write it separately. For instance: Everything that happened was not nothing more than just a silly prank. On the threshold hesitantly stomped not who other than a long-awaited guest.
If a pronoun with a particle can be meaningfully replaced with particles exactly, just, then the particle is used notand the phrase is written separately: none other than; nothing but... Example: A registered letter came - nothing but an invitation to a contest that has been long awaited. - Received a registered letter - just that invitation to the competition, which has long been awaited.
If the sentence is negative, i.e. the predicate has its own negative particle notthen nor- acts as a prefix and is written merged with a negative pronoun: Neither who else would not have said it better. This ass stubbornness norwhat else could not be won.
If the sentence is affirmative, the phrases nothing else, nothing else serve for joining. Negation not expressed in a sentence exists potentially and can be reconstructed from context: I only want this, and norwhat else (don't want).
If there is a union in the phrase as, write all words separately and with a particle not: This package not nothing but a gift... If union as no, prefix nor-: Neither who else does not understand me so well.
If the sentence uses the union and, write particle not(apart): I want to say everything not to someone and only to him. If the union is used and, write nor (separately, if it is a particle, merged, if it is a prefix): Much has gone irrevocably and neitherwhat will not be the same.

2. Do not confuse homonyms: pronoun + preposition and conjunctions / adverbs. Pay attention to how they agree with other members of the sentence, what syntactic role they themselves play, what question you can ask them, etc.

What for we go to the store, what will we look for there? - What for do you follow me and whine all the time?
For that that you helped me, I will thank you. - But I have a wide soul and a kind heart!
Wherein are all these people here? - They trained a lot and prepared for the competition, moreover some even dropped out of school.
Moreover whom we managed to unearth in the ancient tomb were a sword and a shield. - Moreover, if you think sensibly, the power is on his side.

3. Remember that don't care Is not a pronoun, but an adverb.

Of course, this is a very extensive material and it is difficult to master it in one go. Therefore, we suggest that you bookmark this article in your browser so that it is always at hand at the right time. Refer to her whenever you need any information about pronouns.

site, with full or partial copying of the material, a link to the source is required.

It's hard to say how we would manage without pronouns. Almost no phrase can be constructed without them. For example, the previous two. That is, of course, you can. But why bother.

What are pronouns

The grammatical features of pronouns depend on which part of speech they mean. More on this below.

Pronouns are divided into two types of categories: by meaning and by grammatical features.

Digits by value:

personal;
returnable;
possessive;
interrogative;
relative;
indicative;
determinative;
negative;
undefined.

Sometimes reciprocal and generalized pronouns are also added to this classification.

Grammatical categories:

generalized subject;
generalized-qualitative;
generalized quantitative.

This classification examines how pronouns relate to different parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, numerals. In some sources, a special group of pronouns related to adverbs is sometimes ranked here.

Now we will analyze all these categories in detail.

Categories of pronouns in Russian

By value:

Obsolete personal pronoun one used to designate objects of speech of the feminine gender (plural).

Personal pronouns in Russian change by persons and numbers, pronouns of the 3rd person singular - also by gender, as well as by cases.

In a sentence they play the role of a subject or addition.

I couldn't shake the feeling that they were seeing us. (Ch.T. Aitmatov)
Life is always accompanied by effort, hardship and hard work, because it is not a garden with beautiful flowers. (I.A. Goncharov)
Why don't I want to be smarter if I understand how stupid everyone is? If you wait for everyone to wiser, it will take too long ... and then I realized that this was completely impossible. (F.M.Dostoevsky)

In a sentence, plays the role of an addition.

If you happen to be angry with anyone, be angry with yourself at the same time, at least for the fact that you managed to get angry with another. (N.V. Gogol)
There is nothing more pleasant than being obliged in everything to yourself. (N.V. Gogol)
To live for oneself is not to live, but to exist passively: one must fight. (I.A. Goncharov)
We often allow ourselves to think that ancient people are like inexperienced children. (L. N. Tolstoy)

Possessive pronouns.In speech, they indicate the belonging of a certain object (objects) to the subject (or subjects).

Possessive pronouns:

1 person - my, my, my / my and our, our, our / our;
2 persons - yours, yours, yours / yours and your, your, your / your;
3 persons - him, her / them.

Our choices, more than our abilities, show our true essence. (J.K. Rowling)
In our office, out of thirty-two staff members, twenty-eight called themselves: "The Golden Pen of the Republic." The three of us, in order of originality, were called silver. (S.D.Dovlatov)
There are no sounds, colors, images and thoughts - complex and simple - for which no precise expression could be found in our language. (K.G. Paustovsky)

They vary in numbers, gender, cases, but not all.

Do you know what is given to a person, and only to him? Laugh and cry. (E.M. Remarque)
Darling, dear, funny fool, / Well, where are you, where are you chasing? (S. A. Yesenin)
What is the law? / Law - there is a tight rope on the street, / To stop passers-by in the middle of the road<...> (V.A.Zhukovsky)

Like interrogative, relative pronouns who what and how incline by cases. The rest are by number, gender and case. Except for pronouns where, where, when, where, whythat are immutable.

In a sentence, depending on the parts of speech they replace, they can act in different syntactic roles.

There are such low characters who love, as if they hate! (F.M.Dostoevsky)
People will always have something to find, discover, invent, because the very source of this knowledge is inexhaustible. (I.A. Goncharov)
Outright anger is far less repellent than pretending to be kind. (L.N. Tolstoy)
Joy can be compared to oil in a lamp: when there is little oil in the lamp, the wick quickly burns out and the light from the lamp is replaced by black smoke. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Demonstrative pronouns in Russian are changed by cases, gender and numbers.

I've been going to buy myself a castle for two years. Happy are those who have nothing to lock. (F.M.Dostoevsky)
Sometimes a person reaches such a point that if he does not step over, he will be unhappy, and if he steps over, he will become even more unhappy. (F.M.Dostoevsky)
Truth should be served the way a coat is served, not thrown in the face like a wet towel. (M. Twain)
Anyone who strives for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit. (L.N. Tolstoy)

Definitive pronouns.Serve to indicate the sign of the object of speech. These include: .

The definitive pronouns are declined in cases, change in gender and numbers.

Everyone who stops learning grows old, no matter at 20 or 80, and everyone else who continues to learn remains young. The most important thing in life is keeping your brain young. (G. Ford)
One good friend is worth more than all the benefits of this world. (Voltaire)
Even the most frank thought, the purest and most clearly conveyed fantasy, be it truth or fiction, cannot evoke sincere sympathy. (L.N. Tolstoy)
We do not need magic to change this world - we already have everything that we need for this: we can mentally imagine the best ... (J.K. Rowling)

In Russian, negative pronouns change in cases, gender and numbers.

The old truth will never be embarrassed by the new - it will place this burden on its shoulders. Only the sick, obsolete is afraid to take a step forward. (I.A. Goncharov)
I believe that nothing goes without a trace and that every smallest step matters for the present and future life. (A.P. Chekhov)
Never take any difficult moves if the same can be achieved in much simpler ways. This is one of the wisest rules of life. It is very difficult to apply it in practice. Especially intellectuals and romantics. (E. M. Remarque)
Philosophers and children have one noble trait - they do not attach importance to any differences between people - neither social, nor mental, nor external. (A.T. Averchenko)

Indefinite pronouns.In speech, vague signs and the number of objects of speech are expressed, as well as their uncertainty.

The indefinite pronouns in the Russian language change by gender and number, they are declined by cases.

You can say a lot of nonsense, following only the desire to say something. (Voltaire)
Some are accustomed to living on everything that is ready, walking on someone's handles, eating chewed food ... (F.M.Dostoevsky)
There is hardly anything else that human frivolity is more often discerned in such a terrifying measure as in the arrangement of marital unions. (N. S. Leskov)

Mentioned above reciprocal pronouns serve to express relationship to two or more persons and objects.

They play the role of additions in the sentence.

People are pressed together like rats in a cage, their anger at each other is natural for lonely kings. (A.V. Korolev)
In bad weather or just when we want to, we have fun looking at the contents of the tin boxes. We carefully unfold the wax paper bags and show each other what makes us who we are. (G. Petrovich)

Russian pronoun category table

Bit by value	Examples of pronouns
1. Personal	1 person - me, we 2 person - you, you 3rd person - he, she, it, they (+ one)
2. Returnable	myself
3. Possessive	1 face - mine, mine, mine, mine, our, our, our, our 2 face - yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours, yours 3 person - him, her, them
4. Interrogative	who? what? which one? what? whose? which the? how? Where? when? where? where from? what for?
5. Relative	who, what, what, what, whose, who, how much, where, when, where, why
6. Indicative	so much, this, that, such, such, here, here, here, there, from there, from here, then, therefore, then (+ this, this)
7. Definitives	all, everyone, everything, himself, most, each, any, other, different, all kinds, everywhere, everywhere, always
8. Negative	nobody, nothing, nobody, nothing, nothing, nobody
9. Undefined	someone, something, some, some, a few, some, some, some, some, some, some, some, some, some, some, some, some

"Non-classical" digits are not included in this table on purpose, so as not to create confusion.

Correlation of pronouns with other parts of speech

In other words, grammatical digits:

The possessive pronouns of the 3rd person are also immutable: him, her, them.

Pronouns-numerals, as you might guess, indicate the number of items, without indicating it exactly. These include pronouns as much as and their derivatives are undefined some, some, some.

Pronouns in this category are capable of declining in cases (all the same). But they do not change in gender and number. They agree with nouns according to the same principle as cardinal numbers.

Pronouns of this category do not show signs of gender and number, do not inflect by cases. They agree with verbs in the same way as adverbs. And circumstances play a role in the sentence.

Adverb pronouns include: where, where, when, so.

Pronouns in Russian - a table of categories in relation to parts of speech

Grammatical category	Examples of pronouns
1. Pronouns-nouns	he, she, it, they, who, what, nobody, nothing, someone, something, someone, something and others
2. Pronouns-adjectives	my, your, your, our, your, what, who, whose, that, this, the very, everyone, each and others
3. Pronouns-numerals	as much as, some, some, some
4. Pronouns-adverbs	where, where, when, so

Cases of pronouns in Russian

Pronouns of different categories have their own characteristics of change in cases. Now we will analyze some of them in more detail.

1. Cases of personal pronouns

In indirect cases, these pronouns change not only the endings, but also the stem:

I. p. me, you, we, you, he, it, she, they

R. p. me, you, us, you, him, him, her, them

D. p. me, you, us, you, him, him, her, them

V. p. me, you, us, you, him, him, her, them

Etc. me (me), you (you), us, you, them, them, her (her), them

P. p. (about) me, (about) you, (about) us, (about) you, (about) him, (about) him, (about) her, (about) them.

The pronouns 1 and 2 of the singular person do not have clearly defined categories of gender: they are used in masculine, feminine, and average.

Pronouns of 3rd person, when declining, can lose their initial consonant: she - but her etc.

2. For reflexive pronouns myself there are only indirect case forms. It also declines as a personal pronoun you:

Etc. yourself (yourself)

P. p. (About Me

possessive pronouns ( my, your, our, your);
index ( this, this, such);
interrogative / relative ( which, which, whose);
attributive ( most, himself, all, everyone, different).

I. p. our, our, our, our; such, such, such, such

R. p. our, our, our, ours; such, such, such, such

D. p. our, our, our, our; such, such, such, such

V. p. our, our, our, ours; such, such, such, such

Etc. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

P. p. (about) our, (about) our, (about) our, (about) our; (oh) such, (oh) such, (oh) such, (oh) such

Definitive pronouns myselfand mostalthough they are similar, they incline differently. The difference is indicated mainly by stress:

I. p. SAMY, SAM

R. p. very, very

D. p. very, very

V. p. very, very

Etc. by itself, by itself

P. p. (o) sama, (o) himself

* The capital letter indicates the stressed syllable.

Pay attention to the declension of the definitive pronouns. whole, all, all:

I. p. all, all, all

R. p. all, all, all

D. p. everything, everything, everything

V. p. all, all, all

Etc. all, all (all), all

P. p. (about) everything, (about) everything, (about) all

With the declination of the feminine and neuter pronouns, only the endings change, but in the masculine gender the stem also changes.

4. Interrogative / relative ( who what) and negative ( nobody, nothing) pronouns when changing in cases, the bases change:

I. p. who, what, nobody, nothing

R. p. who, what, nobody, nothing

D. p. to whom, what, nobody, nothing

V. p. who, what, nobody, nothing

Etc. who, what, nothing, nothing

P. p. (about) someone, (about) anything, about anyone, about anything.

Moreover, in the prepositional case, the preposition splits negative pronouns into three words.

5. Like the reflexive pronoun, some negative pronouns do not have a nominative form:

R. p. no one

D. p. no one

V. p. no one

Etc. no one

P. p. not about anyone.

6. Indefinite pronouns are also declined as interrogative / relative pronouns from which they are derived:

I. p. some, some

R. p. any, something

D. p. something, something

V. p. some, some

Etc. something, something

P. p. (about) any, about something

7. There are variable case forms for the indefinite pronoun. a certain:

I. p. a certain

R. p. some

D. p. to some

V. p. no one

Etc. some (some)

P. p. (oh) some

Variant case forms exist for this pronoun and in other gender / number.

8. Some indicative ( such is), relative ( what), undefined ( someone, something) pronouns do not change in cases. Pronouns-adverbs are not inclined either where, where, when, so.

Morphological parsing of pronouns

We offer you a diagram of the morphological parsing of pronouns and an example of such parsing.

Parsing scheme:

Designate the part of speech, the grammatical meaning of the pronoun, write the initial form (put in the nominative case (if any), singular).
Describe morphological features:
- constant (rank by value, rank by grammatical features, person (for personal and possessive), number (for personal 1 and 2 persons);
- impermanent (case, number, gender).
Indicate the role it plays in the sentence.

Sample morphological parsing of pronouns

Don't waste your energy on remaking people - they will not change. Have them who decided on a strong act, that one and right (F.M.Dostoevsky).

Morphological features: constant - personal, pronoun-noun, 3rd person; impermanent - nominative, plural.

(at) them

Pronoun; points to the object of speech, without directly naming it, n.f. - they.
Morphological features: constant - personal, pronoun-noun, 3rd person; impermanent - genitive, plural.
Role in the proposal: addition.

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without naming it, n.f. - who.
Morphological signs: constant - relative, pronoun-noun; impermanent - nominative.
Plays the role of a subject in a sentence.

Pronoun; indicates the object of speech without naming it, n.f. - that one.
Morphological features: constant - demonstrative, pronoun-adjective; impermanent - nominative, singular, masculine.
Role in the sentence: subject.

Pronoun spelling

Personal pronouns

H does not join:

in the dative case, if the pronoun is preceded by a derivative preposition thanks, similarly, in spite of, in agreement, towards, in spite of: contrary to to her, towards themaccording to him;
if the pronoun is used in a phrase where it is preceded by an adjective or adverb in a comparative degree: took more his, bought cheaper their.

Indefinite pronouns

Indefinite pronouns are always hyphenated with a prefix something and postfixes something, - or, something: someone, somehow, something, somewhere etc.

Negative pronouns

note

1. It is necessary to distinguish the spelling of prefixes not- / not- and homonymous particles no / no:

Remember spelling: as nor in what notused to... The confusion of the spelling of particles not / nor leads not only to spelling errors, but also to a distortion of the meaning of the statement. Compare: not with anything(particle nor has an amplifying meaning) - nothing (particle not has a negative value).
Choosing a particle can completely reverse the meaning of a statement: none (\u003d none at all) - not one (\u003d many), not once (\u003d never at all) - more than once (\u003d many times).
Don't confuse negative pronouns with a prefix nor- (nowhere, nobody, nobody) and pronouns with particle nor (no one, no where, no one). Compare: Neither where not a trace of a person was found. - I have no idea nor Who are you, nor where do you live, nor who do you serve.
Pay attention to the difference between phrases none other than - none other; nothing but - nothing else... Particle not expresses negation, and the whole phrase is used to oppose parts of the statement to each other. Opposition is expressed by union as (\u003d union and). If the sentence is affirmative and if it is impossible to add a second negation without breaking the meaning, use the particle not and write it separately. For instance: Everything that happened was not nothing more than just a silly prank. On the threshold hesitantly stomped not who other than a long-awaited guest.
If a pronoun with a particle can be meaningfully replaced with particles exactly, just, then the particle is used notand the phrase is written separately: none other than; nothing but... Example: A registered letter came - nothing but an invitation to a contest that has been long awaited. - Received a registered letter - just that invitation to the competition, which has long been awaited.
If the sentence is negative, i.e. the predicate has its own negative particle notthen nor- acts as a prefix and is written merged with a negative pronoun: Neither who else would not have said it better. This ass stubbornness norwhat else could not be won.
If the sentence is affirmative, the phrases nothing else, nothing else serve for joining. Negation not expressed in a sentence exists potentially and can be reconstructed from context: I only want this, and norwhat else (don't want).
If there is a union in the phrase as, write all words separately and with a particle not: This package not nothing but a gift... If union as no, prefix nor-: Neither who else does not understand me so well.
If the sentence uses the union and, write particle not(apart): I want to say everything not to someone and only to him. If the union is used and, write nor (separately, if it is a particle, merged, if it is a prefix): Much has gone irrevocably and neitherwhat will not be the same.

What for we go to the store, what will we look for there? - What for do you follow me and whine all the time?
For that that you helped me, I will thank you. - But I have a wide soul and a kind heart!
Wherein are all these people here? - They trained a lot and prepared for the competition, moreover some even dropped out of school.
Moreover whom we managed to unearth in the ancient tomb were a sword and a shield. - Moreover, if you think sensibly, the power is on his side.

3. Remember that don't care Is not a pronoun, but an adverb.

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