Instruction
Everything verbs divided into two view. First you should give the term "view". The view is a verbal category that shows how the action occurs in time, expresses the ratio of the action to its result. Category view In any form, have all verbs Russian language. How , verbs Perfect and imperfect view.
Determination of verbs of imperfect viewVerbs of imperfect view Call verbsresponsible for the question "?" and denoting the action without specifying the result, as well as without limiting it in time, the action is long or repeating (, watch, talk, sit, stand).
Verbs of imperfect and perfect view Form a pair of appearance. Species pair make up imperfect view and verb perfect viewhaving the same lexical value and differing only by the value view: Watch - View, write - Write, Build - Build, Run - to come running.
note
for interviewes of verbs
Helpful advice
to secure the studied material it is necessary to select a large number of examples.
Sources:
- Determination of types of verbs
- perfect view of verb
The term "verb" came to our speech from ancient Russia. In those distant times, Slavs called their alphabet "Glabolitsa". In modern language, this part of speech occupies an important place. The verb words are often found in proposals, together with the grammatical foundation. The verb has a number of grammatical signs, may be the main and secondary member of the sentence.
Instruction
The action and the state of the subject is transmitted with the help of unchanged signs of a perfect or imperfect species, incubateness, the repayment - non-return and lion.
Imperfect is more consumed in our speech. Usually, morphemes help to form from him perfect: "Watch - see", "scream - shout." But it happens on the contrary: "- to sew", "decide - to decide." Such verb options represent species pairs.
If the verbs can control the nouns, which are in them in the form of a vinitive case, and the relationship between them is expressed without the help of the pretext, it means that they will be reckoned: "Show", "cook", "". Unfeutely unusual similar verification relationship: "absent", "look", "sit".
Located on suffix-okay (s) suggests that the verb is returnable. Non-returnable such suffix is \u200b\u200babsent. It should be remembered that the return testifies to non-propeliency.
Assignment indicates a set of endings when changing on persons and numbers. Just learn this sign if the personal end of the verb drums. In case the hiddenness is not installed, it is necessary to pay attention to the infinitive. Everything, excluding "shaving" and "string", the verbs ending with on, and somewhat excluded from this list (for non-ours) - compile II lifting. The rest represent I Hiding. Among the verbs are allocated somewhat differently: "Want", "Run", "honor".
The existing category of leaping the verb helps to establish how to relate to the actions with reality. The verb words in each of the ignition have a certain set of signs. The verbs of the expressive inclination are transmitted to the actions occurring in reality. They apply the concept of a category of time. A real and future time to change on persons and numbers, and the past, instead of a person, by childbirth. The imperative contains the motivation to action. Such a form of verb can be unity with the words "yes", "Let's (those)", "let". The possibility, certain conditions of action indicates a conditional inclination in which the verb necessarily stands in the past time and has a particle "would (b)" with him.
There may be no face or subject. The appointment of such verb words is to convey various states of nature or a person. They have the corresponding name - "impersonal". Examples of consumption of such verbs in impersonal suggestions: "The window is dark," Ignite me. "
The usual purpose of the verb in the composition of the proposals is to perform the role of the tame. Syntax functions are expanded by adding it to: Here it can be subject to, execute the proposal function. Consider various options: "Whistle (tale.) All up!", "Tourists began to move carefully (part of the taught) forward," "learn (subject.) Always useful," "Guests asked to include (add) Music Pogromic," " The boy expressed a desire to seriously do (clarified) volleyball, "" I came to see (oh.) You. "
note
Linguistic scientists have two points of view about the communion and verbal sections formed from verbs: allocate as independent parts of speech or verb shapes.
Sources:
- General verb characteristic as part of speech
Slavic languages \u200b\u200bare abruptly opposed to other Indo-European languages \u200b\u200bin the forms of expression of categories of time and type. The modern system of species has developed in linguistics only at the beginning of the XX century. In order to correctly determine the type of verb in Russian, it is necessary to take into account a number of grounds.
The type of verb is a lexico-grammatical category of verb, expressing the attitude of the action to its internal limit. The inner limit is called such a point in the flow of action when the action goes into the invalidity.
History of the type of verb
Until the XX century The linguistics were isolated 3 types:
1. An uncertain view coinciding with a modern imperfect view.
2. Multiple view. Examples are: satisted, guarded.
3. A single view that coincides with a modern perfect view.
In modern linguistics, grammatical types of verb are taken to distinguish between semantics, i.e. values.
In Russian grammar allocate perfect and imperfect species.
It is possible to determine on the basis of the following grounds:
1) on the basis of semantics.
The verbs of the perfect species indicate the action that has reached the internal limit (for example: done). The verbs of the imperfect species indicate the action that has not reached the internal limit (for example: I watched, did).
2) on issues.
The verbs of the perfect species answer the question "What to do?", And the verbs of an imperfect look at the question "?". For example: (what did you do?) I looked, (what did you do?) I watched.
3) on the basis of word formation design.
Perfect is formed with the help of consoles, imperpose - with the help of suffixes. So, the verbs of the perfect species "looked, did" have consoles, and the verbs of the imperfect species "watched, did" do not have.
4) in combination.
The verbs of the imperfect species are combined with the adverbs "long", "slowly", with the words "every day" and others, and the verbs of the perfect species do not have such an opportunity. So, you can say "I watched a long time", but it is impossible to use the expression "I looked for a long time."
5) on the difference in the set of wordform.
The verbs of the perfect species cannot be in the form of the present, and the verbs of the imperfect species do not possess forms of 3 times.
The study of which includes many rules and exceptions. In this article, we will touch the concept of the type of verb and the correct use of verbs of a particular type in the speech.
What is the type of verb?
The type of verb in Russian is determined by the question asked for the Word. If you ask what to do? - This is an imperpose view if what to do? - Perfect. In other words, the action can be either committed at the time of speech, or not performed - this is determined by the form.
Read the book (what to do? Imperfect) - the action is not completed, it is currently committed. Read the book (what to do?) - The action has already been fulfilled, it is committed, therefore, the appearance of this verb is perfect.
How are the type of verb and time?
The time and type of verb in Russian is very closely connected. About the action that is not performed, you can speak in the form of any time: i baked pies, I am a cake of pies, I will oven pies. In other words, the verbs of the imperfect species can take the form of any of three times. It should be remembered that such verbs have the form of a complex future (infinitive with modal verb).
Unlike them, the verbs of the perfect species can stand only in the past or the future. In other words, the action was either committed, or will be committed. There are no such words in such words. After all, the verbs of the perfect species designate either the beginning of the action, or its result, while the form of the present time implies the length of action, the period of its commission. Consequently, these two concepts exclude each other.
When forming a future time, a simple form is used. I baked pies - I am a cake of pies.
Main ways of education of verbs
Now we figured out what kind of verb in Russian. How are words of a perfect or imperfect species are formed?
Most often to form a perfect species, it is enough to add the word console. Changes the value - the question changes. Go (what to do?) - come, leave, call (what to do); swatch - swim, swim, twisted; draw - draw, draw, draw etc.
However, it should not be thought that the view can be determined by the prefix. For example, a word buy the console does not have, but answers the question what to do?So, refers to the tremendous form.
The type of verb in Russian can be changed with the help of suffix. Seal - compact, invite - invite, scream - shout.
Infrequent case: replacement base
There are cases when another type of verb (table) is formed by the replacement of the base. Russian language is complicated and cunning. For native speakers, there is nothing strange that when a change change, the whole word can change completely, but foreigners have to memorize a lot. We give a few examples.
These are just a few "special" verbs, which you need to remember. Special attention should be removed verb "put" - His root is used only without a console, but when adding it changes to the root - complained ( put, fold etc.).
Dyavid verbs
It happens that the species forms of verbs in Russian can only be distinguished in the context, because words, having a different meaning, sounds equally. Most often, such words can be recognized by suffix-image- or -Own- (-Ev-). Attack, promote, vaccinate, start, etc. He started very long (what have you been doing?) - He successfully started (What did you do?).
To determine the appearance of such a verb, you need to clean very carefully in the context and correctly ask a question.
Why do you need to know about the types of verb?
It would seem that it may be difficult in such a thing as a type of verb? In Russian there are rules and more difficult. But, oddly enough, one of the most common mistakes in building proposals and even texts is associated with this rule. The fact is that the type of verb and all the verb forms (we recall that the communion and greeting of some linguistic schools relate to independent parts of speech, others - to special forms of verb) should be united in a specific speech section. That is, the action is either committed (will be committed), or is committed at the time of speech.
"Grandma baked patties, brewed tea, invited us to lunch, and we wanted to stay"- In one sentence, the verbs alternate and the other species, because of which the meaning of the phrase is difficult to catch." Going to neighbor, I asked if he had salt"- This offer does not coincide the type of verprication and verb, the action seems to be already committed, but at the same time not. It is more correct to build a phrase:" Going to the neighbor, I asked ..."
Let's summarize
So, the type of verb to determine is very simple: you just need to ask a question ("What to do?" Or "What?"). The verbs of the imperfect species are used in the form of any time; Perfect - only in the past or future. It is very important to properly use the form of a type of verb that the phrase is logically correct and understandable!
View (varying the value of the limit / disability):
Imperfect (what to do?) - the value of the incompleteness of the action, it has not reached the result, the limit is in the form of n., Pr., Bud. Complex.
Perfect (what to do?) - The value of the completion of the action, it has reached the result, the limit is in the form of the Ave., Bud. Simple.
Methods for the formation of verbs of a perfect / imperfect
Perfection - Education gL owls. in.from the non-derivatives of the verb by joining consoles(fly - with + fly);
As well as education ch. owls. in. Using Suf. - WELLwith a single value ( prick - Collaps, Body - Board).
Verbs of non-verbs. Views with consoles are borrowed from the art / sl. anticipate, belong, sympathize.
Imperfection - Education ch. nesov. Viewfrom ch. owls. View with suffixes - yvah, -Yiva, -Ya, -Eva, -a, -(give - to give, decide - to decide, read - read).
1. Determine the type of verb, the method of formation of the form (from which verb is formed) and the specifier.
|
to sign dispel touch born subtle adjust |
test lock arrange disrupt rebuild ask |
Paramery
GL If possible, form a species pair is divided into:
Correlated type - single - bivalves
Relationships verbs can form a species pair.
Species couple form the verbs of opposed species with the identical lexical meaning, differing only in the semic "limiting / disabilities"
Typically, the value does not change when imperfection
When perfecting, the prefix often makes an additional shade.
Most scientists allocate pure-species consoles ( on-write, u-trample, sch). If the verb is formed using a pure-species console, then in the dictionary with the interpretation of its value will be sent to the verb of non-verbs. species.
Many verbs are do not correlate those. single.
Single GL Nesov. Views express an absolute accident failure, it cannot be completed:
Verbs pointing to communication, relationships (literate, walk)
Modal ch. (Want, hopes, strive)
Intellectual state (know, believes)
Verbs possessing
Ch., Denoting position in space
GL Movement
Bivid verbs are such verbs that using the same basis can express the value and owls. and nonsense. species ( marry, run, told, wary, make, use ...,gL to-study / Izov).
2. Emphasize the pairs in which the verbs are correlated by the form, determine the method of formation of the type and highlight the specifier.
a) redo - redo, bind - to bind, throw - throw, break - smash, get to get it, wash off - wash, sit - sit, sit down - Saws to freeze - freeze, decide - decide, take - to take, say - speak, Catch - catch, cut - cut.
b) To blind - go blind, watch - view, lose weight - to lose weight, write - write, build - build, love - love, sit down - sit down, design - construct, write - rewrite, twist - twist.
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Signatures for slides:
Types of verb
Dear Guys! Today at the lesson we will get acquainted with the new grammatical category - the type of verb. You will learn that verbs can be perfect and imperfect species, and learn how to determine the type of verb.
How to sign pictures? Grandma knitted scarf. Grandma knitted scarf. B.
From the offer Grandma knitted Scarf We learn that the scarf is ready. Offer Grandma knitted Scarf does not tell us, graduated from her grandmother or not. The verbs of the perfect species indicate that the action has accomplished, reached (reaches) of its limit: tied. The verbs of the imperfect species indicate the action in its course: knitted.
Scientists-linguists use a special term - limit of action. The limit of action is any moment, any point with which the action should stop. For example: Fly - "Finish Flight", wake up - "stop sleeping".
How to determine the type of verb? The first way is the question. The verbs of the imperfect look answered questions what to do? what is he doing? what they were doing? etc. Fly, draws, chose the verbs of the perfect species answer questions what to do? What will do? What did you do? etc. Back, write, came
How to determine the type of verb? The second way is the word "I will". You can substitute the verbs of an imperfect look, for example: to sing - I will sing (imperfect). I will not substitute the verbs of the perfect species, for example: to sing - I can not say, I will sing (perfect view).
Learning playing. Question with the prefix. Easy to remember: the verbs of the perfect species are responsible only for those questions that have a console.
Club of experts. Random shot. Compare two suggestions and determine which one came out by chance. The boy pulled the slingshot and fired. The boy pulled the slingshot and shot.
Time and view of the guys, carefully consider the table to understand how the verbs of the perfect and imperfect species can be used. What kind of verbs have only two times - past and future? Why?
Types of verb Question time visited classes visited classes The past attend classes - the present I will visit classes visiting the future
So, the verbs of the perfect species can only be used in the past and the future, they do not have the forms of the present. This is due to the fact that the verbs of the perfect species indicate such an action that has already happened, reached the result (painted, came), or be sure to happen, i.e. will have a result in the future (drawn, come). It is impossible to put such verbs in the form of the present time, because in the present time the verbs indicate the action that happens at the moment, which has not yet achieved the result (draw, IMU - Nesov. View).
The verb time does not matter to determine its type. For example, in the phrase taught yesterday the action ended, and the verb taught (what did you do?) Imperfect species. We do not know whether he finished learning or still teaches. In the phrase, learn tomorrow there is no action yet, and the verb will learn (what will I do?) Perfect species. We know that tomorrow the action will finish accurately.
Cheerful change. Have you ever tried to play words? Most recently, my friend and I walked in the park. There were the last days of summer, but it was in autumn cool. Girlfriend and says: "But autumn has already come!" "I don't know how autumn, but you definitely came to my leg," I reply.
Club of experts. Is it possible to fall, but do not fall? The verb falls the imperfect species, indicates "to fly from top to bottom under the action of its own severity." Parry it will be a verb to fall, that is, "turn out to be below." The verb fall denotes the action that should stop with time: what falls must fall over time. It turns out that it happens not always. There are in Italy in the city of Pisa, the construction that "falls" is already more than seven hundred years. Many of you are known by his name - the Pisa Tower. The fact is that in 1173, when construction began, the foundation of the tower was put unevenly. And since then the tower "falls", leaning down to the south
Training apparatus. Types of verb action What kind of pictures are indicated by pictures? Imperfect perfect
Imperfect perfect
Cheerful change. Pancakes. Everywhere Pavlika wore: Pavlik pancakes bake. He spent a conversation at school - spoke, opening a notebook, how many soda, how much salt, how much oil should be taken. Proved that instead of oil you can take margarine. Solved unanimously: he spoke perfectly. Who told such a speech, let's tell the pancakes! But, comrades, hurry - you need to save the house soon! Where is your fire extinguisher? Smoke brings from under the doors! And the neighbors say: - This pancakes are burning! Oh, when I got to the case, our hero was torn - nine pancakes burned down, and the tenth was raw! Speaking is not difficult, hard pancakes in touch! (A. Barto)
Check yourself. How to determine the type of verb, enter the questions next to the verbs. Crawling (?) Did (?) Calm (?) Are built (?)
Determine the type of verb. stopped cutting the sleeve painted painted a flair flourish help loves love to disappear buy invented
Important conclusion. The verbs of the perfect species indicate that the action was made, reached (reaches) of its limit: came, thrown out. The verbs of the imperfect species indicate the action in its course: knitted, walks, etc. The verbs of the imperfect look answered questions what to do? what is he doing? what they were doing? And so on to run, looks, raised. The verbs of the perfect species answer questions what to do? What will do? What did you do? And so on to wash, buy, won.
