Didactic games are a type of training sessions organized in the form of educational games that implement a number of principles of the game, active learning and characterized by the presence of rules, a fixed structure of gaming activities and an evaluation system. Didactic games are specially created by teachers for teaching children. This is one of the active learning methods for preschoolers and students. elementary school, and this is no coincidence. The child will not sit and listen to a boring lecture or report, he will not remember anything, because he is not interested. The child loves to play. Therefore, pedagogy has combined the pleasant with the useful, playing didactic games, the child learns without suspecting it. He is interested. He remembers. Lots of didactic games different topics we offer educators and teachers primary school, as well as parents on the 7guru website.
Salybaeva Angela Ramazanovna,
educator,
MBDOU TsRR d / s "Tanyusha"
Surgut district Fedorovsky village
The leading activity of preschool children is play activity. A didactic game is a verbose, complex, pedagogical phenomenon: it is both a game method of teaching preschool children, and a form of teaching children, and With independent play activity, and a means of comprehensive education of the child.
Didactic games contribute:
- development of cognitive and mental abilities: obtaining new knowledge, generalizing and consolidating it, expanding their ideas about objects and natural phenomena, plants, animals; development of memory, attention, observation; development of the ability to express their judgments, to draw conclusions.
- development of children's speech: replenishment and activation of the dictionary.
- social and moral development of a preschool child: in such a game, knowledge of the relationship between children, adults, objects of animate and inanimate nature takes place, in it the child shows a sensitive attitude towards peers, learns to be fair, yield if necessary, learns to sympathize, etc.
The structure of the didactic game form the main and additional components. TO main components include: didactic task, game actions, game rules, result and didactic material. TO additional components: plot and role.
Conducting didactic games includes: 1. Familiarization of children with the content of the game, the use of didactic material in it (showing objects, pictures, a short conversation, during which the knowledge and ideas of children are clarified). 2. Explanation of the course and rules of the game, with a clear implementation of these rules. 3. Display of game actions. 4. Determination of the role of an adult in the game, his participation as a player, fan or arbiter (the teacher directs the actions of the players with advice, a question, a reminder). 5. Summing up the results of the game is a crucial moment in managing it. Based on the results of the game, one can judge its effectiveness, whether it will be used by children in independent play activities. Analysis of the game allows you to identify individual abilities in the behavior and character of children. And that means properly organizing individual work with them.
Education in the form of a didactic game is based on the desire of the child to enter an imaginary situation and act according to its laws, that is, age characteristics preschooler.
Types of didactic games:
1. Games with objects (toys).
2. Desktop-printed games.
3. Word games.
Didactic games - differ in educational content, cognitive activity children, game actions and rules, organization and relationships of children, the role of the educator.
Games with objects
- are based on the direct perception of children, correspond to the desire of the child to act with objects and thus get acquainted with them.
V
games with objects, children learn to compare, establish similarities and differences between objects. The value of these games is that with their help children get acquainted with the properties of objects, size, color. When introducing children to nature in such games, I use natural material (plant seeds, leaves, pebbles, various flowers, cones, twigs, vegetables, fruits, etc. - which arouses a keen interest in children and an active desire to play. Examples of such games: “Not make a mistake”, “Describe this subject”, “What is it?”, “What first, what then”, etc.
Board - printed games
-it an interesting lesson for children when getting acquainted with the outside world, the world of animals and plants, phenomena of animate and inanimate nature. They are diverse in types: "lotto", "dominoes", paired pictures "With the help of board-printed games, you can successfully develop speech skills, mathematical abilities, logic, attention, learn to model life schemes and make decisions, develop self-control skills.
word games - it effective method education of independence of thinking and development of speech in children. They built on the words and actions of the players, children independently solve various mental tasks: describe objects, highlighting their characteristic features, guess them according to the description, find similarities and differences between these objects and natural phenomena.
V In the process of games, children clarify, consolidate, expand their ideas about the objects of nature and its seasonal changes.
Didactic games - travel are one of the effective ways to enhance the cognitive activity of children.
Didactic game in experimental activities - contributes to the formation of children's cognitive interest in the environment, develops the basic mental processes, observation, thinking.
The joint activity of parents and teachers - individual counseling of parents, information stands, folders, thematic exhibitions with the proposed material - gives a more effective result in working with children.
For the development of children's knowledge about the world around them, their systematization, education of a humane attitude towards nature, I use the following didactic games:
Material used:
Games with objects
"What it is?"
Purpose: to clarify children's ideas about objects of inanimate nature.
Material: natural - sand, stones, earth, water, snow.
Game progress. Children are offered pictures and, depending on what is drawn on it, it is necessary to decompose the natural material accordingly, answer what is it? And what is it? (Large, heavy, light, small, dry, wet, loose). What can be done with it?
"Who eats what?"
Target. To consolidate children's ideas about animal food.
Game progress. Children get out of the bag: carrots, cabbage, raspberries, cones, grain, oats, etc. They call it and remember which animal eats this food.
"Children on a branch"
Target .
To consolidate the knowledge of children about the leaves and fruits of trees and shrubs, to teach them to select them according to their belonging to one plant.
Game progress. Children examine the leaves of trees and shrubs, name them. At the suggestion of the teacher: "Children, find your branches" - the guys pick up the appropriate fruit for each leaf. This game can be played with dried leaves and fruits throughout the year. The children themselves can prepare the material for the game.
"Find something to show"
didactic task. Find an item by similarity.
Equipment. On two trays lay out the same sets of vegetables and fruits. Cover one (for the teacher) with a napkin.
Game progress. The teacher shows for a short time one of the items hidden under the napkin and removes it again, then invites the children: "Find the same one on another tray and remember what it is called." Children take turns doing the task until all the fruits and vegetables hidden under the napkin have been named.
"What first - what then?"
Target. To consolidate children's knowledge about the development and growth of animals.
Game progress. Children are presented with objects: an egg, a chicken, a model of a chicken; kitten, cat; puppy, dog. Children need to arrange these items in the correct order.
Desktop games
"It is when?"
Target. Clarify children's ideas about seasonal phenomena in nature.
Game progress. Each of the children has subject pictures depicting snowfall, rain, sunny day, cloudy weather, hail is coming, the wind is blowing, icicles are hanging, etc. and plot pictures with images of different seasons. Children need to correctly decompose the pictures they have.
"Magic Train"
Target. Consolidate and systematize children's ideas about trees, shrubs.
Material. Two trains cut out of cardboard (each train has 4 cars with 5 windows); two sets of cards with the image of plants.
Game progress: On the table in front of the children is a "train" and cards with the image of animals. Educator. In front of you is a train and passengers. They need to be placed on the cars (in the first - bushes, in the second - flowers, etc.) so that one passenger is visible in each window. The first one to place the animals on the wagons correctly will be the winner.
Similarly, this game can be played to consolidate ideas about various groups of plants (forests, gardens, meadows, orchards).
"Four Pictures"
Target. To consolidate children's ideas about the environment, develop attention and observation.
Game progress. The game consists of 24 pictures depicting birds, butterflies, animals. The host shuffles the cards and distributes them to the game participants (from 3 to 6 people) equally. Each player must pick up 4 cards of the same content. The beginner of the game, having considered his cards, passes one of them to the person sitting on the left. That one, if he needs a card, keeps it for himself, and also passes any unnecessary one to a neighbor on the left, etc. Having picked up the cards, each player folds them face down in front of him. When all possible sets have been picked up, the game ends. The participants in the game turn over the collected cards, lay them out four at a time so that everyone can see. The one with the most correctly matched cards wins.
word games
"When does it happen?"
Target. Clarify and deepen children's knowledge of the seasons.
Game progress.
The teacher reads interspersed short texts in poetry or prose about the seasons, and children guess.
"Find something to talk about"
didactic task. Find items according to the listed signs.
Equipment. Vegetables and fruits are laid out along the edge of the table so that they are clearly visible to all children. features items.
Game progress. The teacher describes in detail one of the objects lying on the table, that is, he names the shape of vegetables and fruits, their color and taste. Then the teacher offers one of the guys: "Show on the table, and then name what I told." If the child coped with the task, the teacher describes another subject, and another child performs the task. The game continues until all the children have guessed the item according to the description.
"Guess who it is?"
Target. To consolidate children's ideas about the characteristic features of wild and domestic animals.
Game progress. The teacher describes the animal (its appearance, habits, habitat ...) the children must guess who they are talking about.
"When does it happen?"
Target. Clarify children's ideas about seasonal phenomena.
Game progress. Children are offered leaves of different plants with different colors, cones, a herbarium of flowering plants, etc. depending on the time of year. Children need to name the time of the year when there are such leaves, branches, flowers.
Outdoor games
"What do we take in the basket"
Purpose: to consolidate in children the knowledge of what kind of crop is harvested in the field, in the garden, in the garden, in the forest.
Learn to distinguish fruits according to where they are grown.
To form an idea of the role of people in conservation of nature.
Materials: Medallions with the image of vegetables, fruits, cereals, melons, mushrooms, berries, as well as baskets.
Game progress. Some children have medallions depicting various gifts of nature. Others have medallions in the form of baskets.
Children - fruits disperse around the room to cheerful music, with movements and facial expressions depict a clumsy watermelon, tender strawberries, a mushroom hiding in the grass, etc.
Children - baskets should pick up fruits in both hands. Necessary condition: each child should bring fruits that grow in one place (vegetables from the garden, etc.). The one who fulfills this condition wins.
Tops - roots
Did. Objective: To teach children how to make a whole out of parts.
Materials: two hoops, pictures of vegetables.
Game progress: option 1. Two hoops are taken: red, blue. Lay them so that the hoops intersect. In the red hoop, you need to put vegetables that have roots for food, and in the hoop of blue color- those that use tops.
The child comes to the table, chooses a vegetable, shows it to the children and puts it in the right circle, explaining why he put the vegetable there. (in the area where the hoops intersect, there should be vegetables that use both tops and roots: onions, parsley, etc.
Option 2. Tops and roots of plants - vegetables are on the table. Children are divided into two groups: tops and roots. Children of the first group take tops, the second - roots. At the signal, everyone runs in all directions. At the signal "One, two, three - find your pair!"
Ball game "Air, earth, water"
Did. task: to consolidate children's knowledge about objects of nature. Develop auditory attention, thinking, ingenuity.
Materials: ball.
Game progress: Option 1. The teacher throws the ball to the child and calls the object of nature, for example, "magpie". The child must answer "air" and throw the ball back. To the word "dolphin" the child answers "water", to the word "wolf" - "earth", etc.
Option 2. The teacher calls the word "air" the child who caught the ball must name the bird. On the word "earth" - an animal that lives on earth; to the word "water" - an inhabitant of rivers, seas, lakes and oceans.
Nature and man.
Did. task: to consolidate and systematize the knowledge of children about what a person has created and what nature gives a person.
Materials: ball.
Game progress: the teacher conducts a conversation with the children, during which he clarifies their knowledge that the objects around us are either made by people's hands or exist in nature, and people use them; for example, wood, coal, oil, gas exist in nature, and man creates houses and factories.
"What is man made"? the teacher asks and throws the ball.
"What is created by nature"? the teacher asks and throws the ball.
Children catch the ball and answer the question. Those who cannot remember miss their turn.
Choose the right one.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about nature. Develop thinking, cognitive activity.
Materials: subject pictures.
Game progress: subject pictures are scattered on the table. The teacher names some property or feature, and the children must choose as many objects as possible that have this property.
For example: "green" - these can be pictures of a leaf, cucumber, grasshopper cabbage. Or: “wet” - water, dew, cloud, fog, hoarfrost, etc.
Where are the snowflakes?
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about the various states of water. Develop memory, cognitive activity.
Materials: cards depicting various water conditions: waterfall, river, puddle, ice, snowfall, cloud, rain, steam, snowflake, etc.
Game progress: option 1 .
Children walk in a round dance around the cards laid out in a circle. The cards depict various states of water: waterfall, river, puddle, ice, snowfall, cloud, rain, steam, snowflake, etc.
While moving in a circle, the words are pronounced:
Here comes the summer. The sun shone brighter.
It became hotter to bake, Where should we look for a snowflake?
With the last word, everyone stops. Those in front of whom the necessary pictures are located should raise them and explain their choice. The movement continues with the words:
Finally, winter came: Cold, blizzard, cold.
Come out for a walk. Where can we find a snowflake?
Re-select the desired pictures and explain the choice.
Option 2 .
There are 4 hoops depicting the four seasons. Children should place their cards in hoops, explaining their choice. Some cards may correspond to several seasons.
The conclusion is drawn from the answers to the questions:
- At what time of the year, water in nature can be in a solid state? (Winter, early spring, late fall).
The birds have arrived.
Did. task: to clarify the idea of \u200b\u200bbirds.
Game progress: the teacher calls only the birds, but if he suddenly makes a mistake, then the children should stomp or clap. For instance. Birds arrived: pigeons, tits, flies and swifts.
Children stomp - .What is wrong? (flies)
- Who are the flies? (insects)
- Birds have arrived: pigeons, tits, storks, crows, jackdaws, pasta.
Children stomp. - birds flew in: pigeons, martens ...
Children stomp. The game continues.
Birds flew in: Pigeons, titmouse,
Jackdaws and swifts, Lapwings, swifts,
Storks, cuckoos, even owls are scops,
Swans, starlings. All of you are great.
Bottom line: the teacher, together with the children, specifies migratory and wintering birds.
When does it happen?
Did. task: to teach children to distinguish the signs of the seasons. With the help of a poetic word, show the beauty of the different seasons, the variety of seasonal phenomena and people's activities.
Materials: for each child, pictures with landscapes of spring, summer, autumn and winter.
Game progress: the teacher reads a poem, and the children show a picture depicting the season that the poem refers to.
Spring. In the clearing, by the path, blades of grass make their way.
A stream runs from the hillock, and snow lies under the tree.
Summer. And light and wide
Our quiet river. Let's go swimming, splashing with fish ...
Autumn. Withers and turns yellow, grass in the meadows,
Only the winter turns green in the fields. A cloud covers the sky, the sun does not shine,
The wind is howling in the field, the rain is drizzling.
Winter. Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets, Shining in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black, And the spruce turns green through the hoarfrost,
And the river under the ice glitters.
Did. task: to clarify the knowledge of children about the flowering time of individual plants (for example, narcissus, tulip - in spring); golden ball, asters - in autumn, etc.; to teach to classify on this basis, to develop their memory, ingenuity.
Materials: ball.
Game progress: children stand in a circle. The teacher or child throws the ball, while naming the season when the plant grows: spring, summer, autumn. The child names the plant.
What is made of what?
Did. task: to teach children to determine the material from which the object is made.
Materials: wooden cube, aluminum bowl, glass jar, metal bell, key, etc.
Game progress: children take out different objects from the bag and name, indicating what each object is made of.
Guess what.
Did. task: to develop the ability of children to guess riddles, to correlate the verbal image with the image in the picture; clarify children's knowledge about berries.
Materials: pictures for each child with the image of berries. Book of riddles.
Game progress: on the table in front of each child are pictures of the answer. The teacher makes a riddle, the children look for and raise a guessing picture.
Edible - inedible.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about edible and inedible mushrooms.
Materials: basket, subject pictures depicting edible and inedible mushrooms.
Game progress: on the table in front of each child are pictures of the answer. The teacher guesses a riddle about mushrooms, the children look for and put a picture-guide of an edible mushroom in baskets.
Arrange the planets correctly.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about the main planets.
Materials: belt with sewn rays - ribbons of different lengths (9 pieces). Planet hats.
It's so hot on this planet
It's dangerous to be there, my friends.
What is our hottest planet, where is it located? (Mercury, because it is closest to the sun).
And this planet was bound by a terrible cold,
The heat of the sun did not reach her.
-What is this planet? (Pluto, because it is farthest from the sun and the smallest of all the planets).
The child in the Pluto hat takes the longest ribbon number 9.
And this planet is dear to all of us.
The planet gave us life ... (all: Earth)
In what orbit does the planet Earth rotate? Where is our planet from the sun? (On the 3rd).
A child in a cap "Earth" takes on ribbon No. 3.
Two planets are close to planet Earth.
My friend, name them soon. (Venus and Mars).
Children in Venus and Mars hats occupy the 2nd and 4th orbits, respectively.
And this planet is proud of itself
Because it is considered the largest.
-What is this planet? What orbit is it in? (Jupiter, orbit #5).
The child in the Jupiter hat takes place number 5.
The planet is surrounded by rings
And that made her different from everyone else. (Saturn)
Child - "Saturn" occupies orbit number 6.
What are green planets? (Uranus)
A child wearing a matching Neptune hat occupies orbit #8.
All the children took their places and begin to revolve around the "Sun".
The round dance of the planets is spinning. Each has its own size and color.
For each path is defined. But only on Earth the world is inhabited by life.
Useful - not useful.
Did. task: to consolidate the concepts of useful and harmful products.
Materials: product cards.
Game progress: put what is useful on one table, what is not useful on the other.
Useful: hercules, kefir, onions, carrots, apples, cabbage, sunflower oil, pears, etc.
Unhealthy: chips, fatty meats, chocolate candies, cakes, fanta, etc.
Used Books:
A.I. Sorokin didactic game in kindergarten.
A.K. Bondarenko "Didactic games in kindergarten".
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The originality of the didactic game, according to A. I. Sorokina, consists in a combination of cognitive content, learning elements and game activities that delight children. The educational value of the didactic game lies in the fact that it is included in the treasury of the pedagogical means of the educator, is gradually assimilated by the children and becomes the content of their independent activity. Certainly in the first junior group children are not yet mature enough to invent didactic games on their own, but they can successfully use games created by educators and older children, gradually mastering the world around them.
Of great importance in the didactic game of children 2-3 years old is the auto-didactic, that is, self-learning beginning: they pick up the details and fold the whole objects (pyramid, matryoshka); the device of such objects directs the thought of children to achieve desired result. Playing with plot didactic toys (for example, nesting dolls), children endow them with human qualities, take care of them, and put them to bed. Thus, an object (toy) can perform a broad didactic function.
Didactic games specially organized by the educator fit well into the classroom. This manual presents scenarios of didactic games that can be used in classes in different areas of knowledge and in various activities of children. Each area and each activity has its own specifics, a number of features, taking into account which the teacher will be able to fully reveal the abilities of children, open to them ways of acting with objects, and give an idea of various phenomena.
Physical education as one of the parties personal development associated with health, physical and state of mind a child, therefore, during physical education and leisure activities, a didactic game allows you to achieve emotional satisfaction in various types of motor activity, brings up the need for physical activity.
Mental education allows the teacher to open the way to the knowledge of reality for the child. The didactic game not only reinforces the knowledge acquired by children, but also develops independent thinking, sensory abilities, activates speech development, and stimulates the development of curiosity.
Moral education is associated with the development of the child's norms of behavior, it contributes to familiarization with the moral values of society. In the didactic game, ideas about the relationship of people are formed, the first experience of interaction appears, which orients the child to an adult, a peer.
Labor education is designed to satisfy the child's need for self-affirmation, for the knowledge of their own capabilities. Didactic game allows children to arouse interest and respect for the work of people. For a child, a game situation associated with labor is always attractive, because through the game he seeks to become independent from an adult.
Artistic and aesthetic education gives the teacher the opportunity to develop in the child the qualities of a creative personality (aesthetic perception and attitude to life, creative imagination and thinking), the foundations of which are laid in early childhood. Didactic game in creative types activities (designing, visual, musical activities, familiarization with fiction), according to T. S. Komarova, easily integrates a variety of content (word, movement, music, image), which helps children to emotionally perceive and realize the images included in game, to understand their aesthetic character.
The widespread use of didactic games in the upbringing and education of children aged 2–3 contributes to their comprehensive development, makes the activity in which the teacher involves them more attractive.
Scenarios of didactic games
Physical education
Game "Cat and Mouse"
didactic task. Teach children to imitate the easy running of a mouse; walk with your feet high.
game task. Play cat and mouse.
Game rule. Move in a way that does not wake (or, if necessary, wake) the cat.
The teacher releases the "mice" children for a walk while the cat (toy) is sleeping. Mice "go out for a walk" (run to the music). The teacher advises the mice to run easily so that the cat does not hear them.
If the cat wakes up (formidable chords sound), then they need to run into the mink (on the chairs).
Here comes a new mouse (toy). The teacher invites the children to show the new mouse how to sneak so as not to wake the cat. The guys show - they all sneak together, quietly stepping.
Soon the mice decide to wake up the cat. They walk with their feet high and stomping. The cat wakes up and "catches" the mice.
Game "We are soldiers"
didactic task. Teach children how to walk with good posture.
game task. Play soldier.
Game rule. Act on the orders of the commander, do not make mistakes in the direction of movement.
The teacher brings the drum and says that a parade will take place to the sound of the drum, all the soldiers will go to the parade and show how strong and courageous they are. The teacher gives a drum signal (fraction), a march sounds (audio recording) and the children walk. The parade is received by the commander (teddy bear). He gives commands ("stop", "step march") and waves a flag. Children go towards the commander, then towards the drum at the command of the commander.
The teacher performs the song "We are soldiers" (music by Yu. Slonov, lyrics by V. Malkov):
Like our soldiers we go
And we wave flags and sing.
One two Three! We are going,
One two Three! We sing.
Game "Get the Carrot"
didactic task. Teach children to jump on two legs: with advancement, on the spot.
game task. Feed the squirrel a nut.
Game rule. You can "pick" a nut by touching it.
The teacher brings a squirrel (toy) to the group. The squirrel asks the children to play with her. To cheerful music, children jump like squirrels, trying to jump easily, on their toes.
The teacher invites the children to treat the squirrel with nuts that hang on the branches. Children jump up, trying to pick a nut (jumping up from a place), then they approach the squirrel and give her imaginary nuts.
The child and the environment
Game "Pick up clothes"
didactic task. To teach children to distinguish visually and by touch different materials; select clothes for dolls on this basis.
game task. Choose clothes for dolls.
Game rule. Choose the right clothes, do not confuse.
The teacher brings Varya and Borya to the group of dolls. She tells the children: "Kuls cannot find their clothes. After the walk, Varya and Borya threw their clothes on the sofa and forgot about them." Asks children to help dolls.
The game "Pick up a pair" is held. Children should select clothes for each doll and put them in a separate locker (box). Varya has a cap with a striped wool on his head, Borya has a blue cap made of fabric. Children select clothes (scarf, coat, trousers, dress, jacket): striped wool for Varya, smooth blue fabric for Borya and put them in lockers.
Didactic game
The originality of the didactic game, according to A. I. Sorokina, is
a combination of educational content, learning elements and delighting children
gaming activity. The educational value of the didactic game lies in
the fact that it is included in the treasury of pedagogical means of the educator, gradually
assimilated by children and becomes the content of their independent activity.
Of course, in the first younger group, children are not yet old enough to
in order to invent didactic games on their own, but they can
successfully use the games created by educators and older children,
gradually mastering the surrounding world.
Of great importance in the didactic game of children 2-3 years old is
autodidactic, that is, self-learning beginning: they pick up the details and
stack objects as a whole (pyramid, matryoshka); arrangement of such items
directs the thought of children to achieve the desired result. playing with
plot didactic toys (for example, with nesting dolls), children endow
their human qualities, take care of them, put them to bed. In this way,
an object (toy) can perform a broad didactic function.
Didactic games specially organized by the educator are well
fit into the training regime. Scenarios are presented in this guide
didactic games that can be used in classes in different areas
knowledge and in various activities of children. Every region and every
activity has its own specifics, a number of features, taking into account which the teacher
will be able to most fully reveal the abilities of children, open to them ways of action
with objects, to give an idea of various phenomena.
Physical education, as one of the aspects of personal development, is associated with
health, physical and mental state of the child, therefore, at physical culture
classes and leisure activities, the didactic game allows you to achieve an emotional
satisfaction in various types of motor activity, educates
the need for physical activity.
Mental education allows the teacher to open the way for the child to knowledge
reality. Didactic game not only reinforces the knowledge gained
children, but also develops independent thinking, sensory abilities,
activates speech development, stimulates the development of curiosity.
Moral education is associated with the development of the child's norms of behavior, it
contributes to the introduction to the moral values of society. In a didactic game
ideas about the relationship of people are formed, the first experience appears
interaction that orients the child to an adult, peer.
Labor education is designed to meet the child's need for
self-affirmation, in the knowledge of one's own abilities. Didactic game
allows children to develop interest and respect for the work of people. For the child always
attractive game situation associated with labor, because he seeks through the game
become independent of an adult.
Artistic and aesthetic education gives the teacher the opportunity to develop
in a child the qualities of a creative personality (aesthetic perception and attitude to
life, creative imagination and thinking), the foundations of which are laid in
earliest childhood.
Didactic game in creative activities (design,
visual, musical activities, familiarization with artistic
literature), according to T. With. Komarova, easily integrates a variety of
content (word, movement, music, image) that helps children
emotionally perceive and realize the images included in the game, understand them
aesthetic character.
Widespread use of didactic games in the upbringing and education of children 2-3
pet promotes them comprehensive development, makes it more attractive
activities in which the teacher is involved.
Scenarios of didactic games
Physicalupbringing
The game"Cat and Mouse"
didactic task.
Teach children to imitate the easy running of a mouse; walk high
legs.
game task.Play cat and mouse.
Game rule.
Move in a way that does not wake (or, if necessary, wake) the cat.
Game progress
The teacher releases the children-kims for a walk while the cat (toy) is sleeping. Mice 'come out
walk" (run to the music). The teacher advises the mice to run easily so that they are not
heard the cat.
If the cat wakes up (formidable chords sound), then they need to run awayb in the mink (on the chairs).
Here comes a new mouse (toy). The teacher invites the children to show the new mouse,
how to go stealthily so as not to wake the cat. The guys show - they all sneak together,
stepping quietly.
Soon the mice decide to wake up the cat. They walk with their feet high and stomp. Cat
wakes up and "catches" mice
The game "We are soldiers"
didactic task.
Teach children how to walk with good posture.
game task. Play soldier.
gamingrule.Act on the orders of the commander, do not make mistakes in the direction of movement.
Game progress
The teacher brings the drum and says that a parade will take place to the sound of the drum, all the soldiers
go to the parade and show how strong and brave they are. The teacher givesdrum signal
(fraction), a march sounds (audio recording) and the children walk. The parade is received by the commander (toy
bear). He gives commands (kstoy, march) and waves a flag. The children are walking towards
to the commander, then towards the drum at the command of the commander.
The teacher sings the song "We are soldiers" (music. Yu. Slonova, sl. V . Malkov):
Like our soldiers we go
And we wave flags and sing.
One two Three! We are going,
One two Three! We sing.
Game "Get the Carrot"
didactic task.
teach children to jumpb on two legs: with advancement, in place.
game task.Feed the squirrel a nut.
Game rule.
You can “pick” a nut by touching it.
Game progress
The teacher brings a squirrel (toy) to the group. The squirrel asks the children to play with her. Under
cheerful music, children jump like squirrels, trying to jump easily, on their toes.
The teacher invites the children to treat the squirrel with nuts that hang on the branches. Children
jump up, trying to pick a nut (jumping up from a place), then they approach the squirrel and
Ogive her imaginary nuts.
The child and the environment
The game "Pick up clothes»
didactic task. Teachchildren to distinguish visually and ontouch different materials;
select clothes for dolls on this basis.
game task. Choose clothes for dolls.
Game rule. Pick the right clothes, do not confuse.
Game progress
The tutor brings in gruppu dolls Varya and Borya. Tells the children: "Kups can't find their
clothes. After the walk, Varya and Borya threw their clothes on the sofa and forgot about her. Requests
children help the dolls.
The game “Pick a Pair” is being played. Children must select clothes for each doll And fold in
separate locker (box). Varya has a striped cap on her headfrom wool, from Borya - blue
fabric cap. Children select clothes (scarf, coat, trousers, dress, jacket): from wool to
a strip - for Varya, from a smooth blue fabric - for Borya and put in lockers.
Dolls thank the children and sing a song:
We are very happy today
Everything is in the closet, how to:
There is a dress and a coat.
Nobody scolds us.
Infeeder(shows).
We selected for Vari
Striped scarf.
Borya has a beautiful scarf,
Dark navy blue.
The game "Who is behind the tree"
Didactic taskcha. Teach children to name animals and highlight their characteristic
peculiarities.
game task. Guess what animals came to celebrate the New Year.
Game rule. Animals won't show up if they're named incorrectly.
Game progress
The teacher shows the children riceunok, which depicts a Christmas tree, because of which
the tails of animals protrude: foxes, hare, wolves. Reports that the animals came to the Christmas tree to meet
New Year and began to discuss what gifts Santa Claus had prepared for them. The animals hid behind
Christmas tree and loudly argue what gifts they will have. The teacher asks the children to guess who
hid behind a tree.
Children, together with the teacher, reason and discoverthat you can recognize animals by their tails.
In previous lessons, the kids have already met with these animals and learned their main
signs: who has a short tail, who has a long and fluffy, etc. Children guess
hidden animals and name them. If the beast was guessed correctly, then it “comes out” from behind the Christmas tree
(the teacher puts the toy on the table) and greets the children.
The game "What grows in the garden"
didactic task. Learn to distinguish vegetables by taste and appearance.
game task. Guess what vegetables the hedgehog put in the soup.
Game rule. Dostpick vegetables and determine them to taste,looking at their appearance and
on the oh dipstick.
Game progress
The teacher brings a hedgehog to the group and says: “The hedgehog has grown a crop in his garden
vegetables. Hedgehog is a good cook. He decided to make soup. I cut the vegetables, put them in a saucepan, and
then went to make a phone call. When the hedgehog came back, he couldn't remember what vegetables he was
cut on the board. Help the hedgehog recognize vegetables for soup.
The teacher gives the children a taste of chopped vegetables: carrots, cabbage, turnips. Vegetables can
put in a deep pan so that the children take the vegetable without seeing it, ontouch and determined on
taste.
game "On our plot"
didactic task.
Teach children to navigate the kindergarten area, call
familiar objects, run errands.
game task.Introduce the hedgehog to the kindergarten site.
Game rule.
Do not confuse the names of objects; come up with an order (at the prompt
educator).
Game progress
ANDgra is carried out on a walk.
The teacher “notices” a hedgehog (toy) near the veranda and informs the children about it. Guys
surround the hedgehog, examine it.
The teacher asks the children to introduce the hedgehog to the site and show all the most interesting things around..
Children take turns taking a hedgehog and showing him everything they want, naming an object: a veranda, a slide,
sandbox, sports facilities, swings, etc. D . Hedgehog to "remember faster", gives children
assignments: move the bucket from the sandbox to the veranda; swing a doll on a swing;
train the bear on the crossbar; dig sand with a shovel and make a little cake He asks
children to give him instructions. At the end of the game, the hedgehog gives the children some apples, which
the teacher treats them in the afternoon.
Speech development
Igra"Horse"
didactic task.
Activate children's speechimprove speech understanding
adult; learn sound imitation.
game task.play with the horse, show off your toys.
Game rule.
Make no mistake naming toys; carry out orders.
Game progress
The teacher brings a horse (toy) to the group and shows how it rides.
Infeeder.
I AM love my horse,
I will comb her hair smoothly,
I stroke the ponytail with a scallop
AND I will go on horseback to visit.
A. Barto
The horse went to visit. (Merry music sounds, the horse gallops.) The horse came to the children in
guests. Came to Sasha. (The horse nods to the child.) She came to Masha ... Shall we treat the horse?How
shall we feed? Sasha will give grain to the horse. (The teacher shows, then the child imitates
educator- substitutes her palms with an imaginary grain.) Lena and Olya will also give the horse
grains ... The horse is very pleased, says "thank you" to us. How does she scream?"Ich oh!"
The kids are locating how the horse screams. The horse approaches the children one by one, nods its head.
Children stroke the horse, clap their hands; the horse is jumping.
The teacher places several toys on the table in advance, then invites the children to show
horse his toys. Children show and name toys. If the child is wrong
the horse beats its hoof in displeasure.
Vdispenser. Tired horse, it's time for bed. Rock the horse OSH!. Rock the horse, Zhenya.
All she sleeps.
The game "Bunny and squirrel"
didactic task.
Strengthen the ability of children to navigate in space;
improve understanding of adult speech; expand vocabulary.
game task. Guess Where are the toys? determine the correct location
plant a toy.
Game rule.
Do not make mistakes in actions.
Game progress
The teacher calls the children to the Christmas tree, under which the bunny sits. Conducted didactic
game "Who and where?"
The teacher asks the children: “Where is the bunny sitting?(Under the tree.)Then he points to a squirrel on
branch and asks: "Where is the squirrel sitting?"(On the Christmas tree.) Then reports that the squirrel jumped
for mushrooms and asks: “Where is she now?”(Behind the Christmas tree.)
caregiver . Suddenly the hare saw the wolf and ran away. Is he far from the tree or close? Why?
The squirrel saw a fungus under the tree and plucked it. Is it far from the tree or close? Why?
The teacher shows a performance:
A squirrel jumps down the branches,
Squirrel, hold on to the branches with your paws.
Bunny , bunny oblique, bunny jumps barefoot,
In order for the bunny not to tremble, you need to tie slippers.
Then the teacher calls the children one at a time and offers to stage actions with toys.:
the bird jumped onto a branch, the fungus grows under the Christmas tree, the matryoshka stands close to the house, the doll
sits on the couch, etc. The squirrel and the bunny are on the table, and with the wrong actions of the kids
turn away.
game "Fox, dance"
didactic task.
Teach children to hear the sound of various instrumentsComrade;
imitate the sound of musical instruments. Develop expressive voice intonation.
Activate the speech of children.
game task.Invite the fox to dance; find out what instrument she dances to.
Game rule.
Name the tool clearly; expressively imitate its sound.
Game progress
The teacher brings to the group musical instruments(pipe, spoons, bell),
calls them and asks the children to repeat the names. Then he reports that under the play of these instruments
the fox loves to dance. The teacher plays each instrument in turn and invites
fox (toy): "Fox, dance!" The fox is dancing. The teacher is exercising the children
onomatopoeia (doo-doo-doo! knock-knock-knock! ding-ding-dings).
Then the teacher removes the tools behind the screen and asks the children to call the fox to dance..
A musical instrument is playing, the teacher helps the children turn to the fox: “Fox,
sleep under...».
The child continues: "Pipe!" If the tool is named incorrectly, then
the fox does not come out to dance.
The game "Cow, give me milk"
didactic task.
improve intonation expressiveness speech; develop
small motor iku hands.
game task.Ask for milk.
Game rule.
Make no mistake so as not to annoy the cow.
Game progress
The teacher shows the children a toy cow, which"grazing in the meadow." Offers
affectionately call the cow: "Cow, cow, give milk."
If the children call expressively, then the cow replies: “Moo-oo] Milk to someone!” Child
“holds up a pot” (palms) and drinks milk. If the child is not enough
expressively and affectionately asks, then the cow replies: “Moo-u-u! I don’t understand-u-u!” Then baby
asks for milk again.
Option andgame.In the same way, the teacher can invite children to turn to the lamb for
wool, to the hen behind the testicle, to the goose for a feather. Guys, having received a gift from an animal,
show what they will do with it: knit socks (circular movements with the hands); roll a testicle
(palm on palm); draw (hand movements in the air).
Formation of elementary mathematical representations
AND gra "Vegetable shop"
didactic task. Expand ideas about shape and size; develop skills
comparing items.
game task. Be good sellers, choose the right vegetables for buyers,
Game rule. Do not make mistakes when sorting goods, do not anger the director of the hedgehog.
Game progress
The teacher invites the children to a new vegetable store. There are a lot of goods on the counter: beets,
potatoes, carrots, tomatoes. Invites children to work in the store as sellers. Director
store the hedgehog invites sellers and gives them a task: to arrange the goods in baskets so that
customers could quickly buy it: select round-shaped vegetables in baskets. If children
make a mistake, the hedgehog snorts angrily.
Option andgame.You can invite children to deliver vegetables from the vegetable base in cars to
kindergartens, shops (select only red vegetables; pack larger vegetables
and smaller size).
And rpa "Building a house"
didactic task. Develop children's ideas about fform; learn how to balance
(one - many).
game task. Build dog and cat houses.
Game rule. Choose a building material that your dog and cat will love.
Game progress
The leading activity of preschool children is play activity. The didactic game is a verbose, complex, pedagogical phenomenon: it is both a game method of teaching preschool children, and a form of teaching children, and with independent play activities, and a means of comprehensive education of the child.
Card file of didactic games for the middle group
1. Didactic game "Find the mistake"
Goals: develop auditory attention.
Game progress: The teacher shows a toy and calls a deliberately wrong action that this animal allegedly performs. Children must answer whether this is correct or not, and then list the actions that this animal can actually perform. For example: “The dog is reading. Can a dog read? Children answer: "No." What can a dog do? Children list. Then other animals are named.
2. Didactic game "Tell the word"
Goals: learn to clearly pronounce polysyllabic words loudly, develop auditory attention.
Game progress: The teacher says the phrase, but does not finish the syllable in last word. Children must complete this word.
Ra-ra-ra - the game begins ....
Ry-ry-ry - the boy has a sha ...
Ro-ro-ro - we have a new w...
Ru-ru-ru - we continue to play ..
Re-re-re - there is a house on th...
Ri-ri-ri - snow on the branches ...
Ar-ar-ar - our self is boiling ....
Ry-ry-ry - he has many children ...
3. Didactic game "It happens or not"
Goals: learn to notice inconsistency in judgments, develop logical thinking.
Game progress: The teacher explains the rules of the game:
- I will tell a story in which you should notice what does not happen.
“In the summer, when the sun was shining brightly, the guys and I went for a walk. We made a snowman out of snow and started sledding.” "Spring has come. All the birds have flown to warmer climes. The bear climbed into his lair and decided to sleep through the whole spring ... "
4. Didactic game "What time of year?"
Goals: to learn to correlate the description of nature in poetry or prose with a certain season; develop auditory attention, speed of thinking.
Game progress: The children are sitting on the bench. The teacher asks the question “When does this happen?” and reads a text or a riddle about the different seasons.
5. Didactic game "Where can I do what?"
Goals: activation in speech of verbs used in a particular situation.
Game progress: The teacher asks questions, the children answer them.
What can you do in the forest? ( Walk; pick berries, mushrooms; hunts; listen to birdsong; relax).
What can you do on the river? What are they doing in the hospital?
6. Didactic game "What, what, what?"
Goals: to teach to select definitions corresponding to a given example, phenomenon; activate previously learned words.
Game progress: The teacher calls a word, and the players take turns calling it as possible more signs corresponding to this subject. Squirrel - redhead, nimble, big, small, beautiful.....
Coat - warm, winter, new, old ... ..
Mum - kind, affectionate, gentle, beloved, dear ...
House - wooden, stone, new, panel ...
- Didactic game "Finish the sentence"
Goals: learn to complete sentences with words of the opposite meaning, develop attention.
Game progress: The teacher starts the sentence, and the children finish it, they only say words with the opposite meaning.
Sugar is sweet. and pepper is... (bitter).
In summer, the leaves are green, and in autumn .... (yellow).
The road is wide, and the path .... (narrow).
- Didactic game "Find out whose sheet"
Goals: learn to recognize a plant by a leaf (name a plant by a leaf and find it in nature), develop attention.
Game progress: On a walk, collect fallen leaves from trees, shrubs. Show the children, offer to find out from which tree and find similarities with not fallen leaves.
9. Didactic game "Guess what kind of plant"
Goals: learn to describe an object and recognize it by description, develop memory, attention.
Game progress: The teacher invites one child to describe a plant or make a riddle about it. Other children have to guess what kind of plant it is.
10. Didactic game "Who am I?"
Goals: learn to name a plant develop memory, attention.
Game progress: The teacher quickly points to the plant. The one who first names the plant and its shape (tree, shrub, herbaceous plant) gets a token.
11. Didactic game "Who has who"
Goals: consolidate knowledge about animals, develop attention, memory.
Game progress: The teacher calls the animal, and the children call the cub in the singular and plural. The child who correctly names the cub receives a token.
12. Didactic game "Who (what) flies?"
Goals: consolidate knowledge about animals, insects, birds, develop attention, memory.
Game progress: Children stand in a circle. The selected child names some object or animal, and raises both hands up and says: "Flies."
When an object that flies is called, all children raise both hands up and say “Flies”, if not, do not raise their hands. If one of the children makes a mistake, he leaves the game.
13. Didactic game "What kind of insect?"
Goals: clarify and expand ideas about the life of insects in the fall, learn to describe insects according to characteristics to cultivate a caring attitude towards all living things, develop attention.
Game progress: Children are divided into 2 subgroups. One subgroup describes the insect, and the other must guess who it is. You can use riddles. Then another subgroup asks their questions.
14. Didactic game "Hide and Seek"
Goals: learn to find a tree according to the description, consolidate the ability to use prepositions in speech: behind, about, in front of, next to, because of, between, on; develop auditory attention.
Game progress: On the instructions of the teacher, some of the children hide behind trees and bushes. The leader, according to the instructions of the teacher, is looking for (find who is hiding behind a tall tree, low, thick, thin).
15. Didactic game "Who will name more actions?"
Goals: learn to choose verbs denoting actions, develop memory, attention.
Game progress: The teacher asks questions, the children answer with verbs. For each correct answer, the children receive a token.
- What can you do with flowers? (tear, sniff, watch, water, give, plant)
- What does a janitor do? (sweeps, cleans, waters, cleans the paths from snow)
16. Didactic game "What happens?"
Goals: learn to classify objects by color, shape, quality, material, compare, contrast, select as many items as possible that fit this definition; develop attention.
Game progress: Tell what happens:
green - cucumber, crocodile, leaf, apple, dress, tree….
wide - river, road, tape, street ...
The one with the most words wins.
17. Didactic game "What kind of bird is this?"
Goals: clarify and expand ideas about the life of birds in the fall, learn to describe birds according to their characteristic features; develop memory; cultivate a caring attitude towards birds.
Game progress: Children are divided into 2 subgroups. Children of one subgroup describe the bird, and the other one must guess what kind of bird it is. You can use riddles. Then another subgroup asks their questions.
18. Didactic game "Guess, we will guess"
Goals: to consolidate knowledge about the plants of the garden and vegetable garden; the ability to name their signs, describe and find them by description, develop attention.
Game progress: Children describe any plant in the following order: shape, color, taste. The driver from the description should recognize the plant.
19. Didactic game "It happens - it doesn't happen" (with a ball)
Goals: develop memory, attention, thinking, speed of reaction.
Game progress: The teacher pronounces phrases and throws the ball, and the children must quickly answer.
Snow in winter ... (occurs) Frost in summer ... (does not happen)
Hoarfrost in summer ... (does not happen) drops in summer ... (does not happen)
20. Didactic game "Third extra" (plants)
Goals: consolidate children's knowledge about the diversity of plants, develop memory, speed of reaction.
Game progress: The teacher names 3 plants (trees and shrubs), one of which is “extra”. For example, maple, linden, lilac. Children must determine which of them is “extra” and clap their hands.
(Maple, linden - trees, lilac - shrub)
21. Didactic game "Riddle game"
Goals: expand the stock of nouns in the active dictionary.
Game progress: The children are sitting on the bench. The teacher makes riddles. The child who guesses the riddle comes out and guesses the riddle himself. For guessing the riddle, he receives one chip. The one with the most chips wins.
22. Didactic game "Do you know ..."
Goals: enrich the vocabulary of children with the names of animals, consolidate knowledge of models, develop memory, attention.
Game progress: You need to prepare chips in advance. The teacher lays out in the first row - images of animals, in the second - birds, in the third - fish, in the fourth - insects. The players alternately call the animals first, then the birds, etc. And lay out the chip in a row with the correct answer. The one with the most chips wins.
23. Didactic game "When does it happen?"
Goals: consolidate children's knowledge of the parts of the day, develop speech, memory.
Game progress: The teacher lays out pictures depicting the life of children in kindergarten: morning exercises, breakfast, classes, etc. Children choose any picture for themselves, look at it. On the word “morning”, all children raise a picture associated with the morning and explain their choice. Then day, evening, night. For each correct answer, the children receive a token.
24. Didactic game "And then what?"
Goals: to consolidate children's knowledge about the parts of the day, about the activities of children in different time days; develop speech, memory.
Game progress: Children sit in a semicircle. The teacher explains the rules of the game:
- Remember, we talked about what we do in kindergarten throughout the day? And now let's play and find out if you remember everything. We will talk about that in order. What do we do in kindergarten in the morning. Whoever makes a mistake will sit on the last chair, and everyone else will move.
You can introduce such a game moment: the teacher sings the song “I have a pebble. To whom to give? To whom to give? He will answer."
The teacher begins: “We came to kindergarten. Played in the field. What happened next? Passes a pebble to one of the players. He replies: “We did gymnastics” - “And then?” Passes the pebble to another child.
The game continues until the children name the last one - going home.
Note. It is advisable to use a pebble or other object, since it is not the one who wants to answer, but the one who gets it. This forces all children to be attentive and ready to respond.
25. Didactic game "When do you do it?"
Target: to consolidate cultural and hygienic skills and knowledge of the parts of the day, to develop attention, memory, speech.
Game progress: The teacher names one child. Then he imitates some action, for example, washing his hands, brushing his teeth, brushing his shoes, combing his hair, etc., and asks: “When do you do this?” if the child answers that he brushes his teeth in the morning, the children correct: "In the morning and in the evening." One of the children can be the leader.
26. Didactic game "Select the word"
Goals: teach children to clearly pronounce polysyllabic words loudly, develop auditory attention.
Game progress: The teacher pronounces the words and invites the children to clap their hands when they hear words that have the sound “z” (mosquito song). (Bunny, mouse, cat, castle, goat, car, book, call)
The teacher should pronounce the words slowly, pause after each word so that the children can think.
27. Didactic game "Tree, shrub, flower"
Goals: consolidate knowledge of plants, expand the horizons of children, develop speech, memory.
Game progress: The host pronounces the words “Tree, shrub, flower ...” and walks around the children. Stopping, he points to the child and counts to three, the child must quickly name what the leader stopped on. If the child did not have time or called incorrectly, he is out of the game. The game continues until one player remains.
28. Didactic game "Where what grows?"
Goals: learn to understand the processes occurring in nature; give an idea of the purpose of plants; show the dependence of all life on earth on the state of the vegetation cover; develop speech.
Game progress: The teacher names different plants and shrubs, and the children choose only those that grow with us. If children grow up, they clap their hands or jump in one place (you can choose any movement), if not, they are silent.
Apple tree, pear, raspberry, mimosa, spruce, saxaul, sea buckthorn, birch, cherry, sweet cherry, lemon, orange, linden, maple, baobab, tangerine.
If the children did well, you can enumerate the trees faster:
plum, aspen, chestnut, coffee. Rowan, plane tree. Oak, cypress \. Cherry plum, poplar, pine.
At the end of the game, a result is summed up who knows the trees the most.
29. Didactic game "Who will be who (what)?"
Target: develop speech activity, thinking.
Game progress: Children answer the question of an adult: “Who will be (or what will be) ... an egg, a chicken, a boy, an acorn, a seed, an egg, a caterpillar, flour, iron, brick, fabric, etc.?”. If the children come up with several options, for example, from an egg - a chicken, a duckling, a chick, a crocodile. Then they get additional forfeits.
Or the teacher asks: “Who was the chick (egg), bread (flour), car (metal) before.
30. Didactic game "Summer or autumn"
Target: consolidate knowledge of the signs of autumn, differentiating them from the signs of summer; develop memory, speech; dexterity education.
Game progress:
The teacher and children stand in a circle.
caregiver. If the leaves turn yellow, this is ... (and throws the ball to one of the children. The child catches the ball and says, throwing it back to the teacher: “Autumn”).
Educator. If the birds fly away - this is ... .. Etc.
31. Didactic game "Be careful"
Target: differentiation of winter and summer clothes; develop auditory attention, speech hearing; increase in vocabulary.
Listen carefully to the verses about clothes, so that later you can list all the names that will be found in these verses. Name summer first. And then winter.
32. Didactic game "Take - do not take"
Target: differentiation of forest and garden berries; increase in vocabulary on the topic "Berries"; develop auditory attention.
Game progress: Children stand in a circle. The teacher explains that he will pronounce the name of forest and garden berries. If the children hear the name of a wild berry, they should sit down, and if they hear the name of a garden berry, stretch, raising their hands up.
Strawberries, blackberries, gooseberries, cranberries, red currants, strawberries, black currants, cranberries, raspberries.
33. Didactic game "What is planted in the garden?"
Target: to teach to classify objects according to certain characteristics (according to the place of their growth, according to their application); develop the speed of thinking,
auditory attention.
Game progress: Children, do you know what they plant in the garden? Let's play this game: I will name different objects, and you listen carefully. If I name what is planted in the garden, you will answer “Yes”, but if what does not grow in the garden, you will say “No”. Whoever makes a mistake is out of the game.
- Carrot (yes), cucumber (yes), plum (no), beetroot (yes), etc.
34. Didactic game "Who will collect sooner?"
Target: teach children to group vegetables and fruits; to cultivate the speed of reaction to the words of the educator, endurance and discipline.
Game progress: Children are divided into two teams: "Gardeners" and "Gardeners". On the ground are dummies of vegetables and fruits and two baskets. At the command of the educator, the teams begin to collect vegetables and fruits, each in their own basket. Whoever collected first raises the basket up and is considered the winner.
35. Didactic game "Who needs what?"
Target: exercise in the classification of objects, the ability to name things, people need certain profession; develop attention.
Educator: - Let's remember what people of different professions need to work. I will name the profession, and you will say what he needs for work.
The teacher names the profession, the children say what is needed for work. And then in the second part of the game, the teacher names the subject, and the children say what profession it can be useful for.
- Didactic game "Do not make a mistake"
Target: reinforce children's knowledge of different types sports, develop resourcefulness, ingenuity, attention; cultivate a desire to play sports.
Game progress: The teacher lays out the cut pictures with the image various kinds sports: football, hockey, volleyball, gymnastics, rowing. In the middle of the picture is an athlete, you need to pick up everything he needs for the game.
According to this principle, you can make a game in which children will select tools for various professions. For example, a builder: he needs tools - a shovel, a trowel, a paint brush, a bucket; machines that facilitate the work of the builder - crane, excavator, dump truck, etc. In the pictures there are people of those professions that children are introduced to during the year: a cook, a janitor, a postman, a salesman, a doctor, a teacher, a tractor driver, a mechanic, etc. Images of the objects of their labor are selected for them. The correctness of the execution is controlled by the picture itself: from small pictures, a large, whole one should turn out.
37. Didactic game "Guess it!"
Target: to teach to describe an object without looking at it, to highlight essential features in it, to recognize an object from the description; develop memory, speech.
Game progress: At the signal of the teacher, the child who received the chip gets up and makes a description of any object from memory, and then passes the chip to the one who will guess. Having guessed, the child describes his object, passes the chip to the next, etc.
38. Didactic game "Finish the sentence"
Target:
Game progress
Sugar is sweet, and pepper is .... (bitter)
(yellow)
narrow)
The ice is thin, and the trunk is ... ( thick)
39. Didactic game "Where is what lies?"
Target: to teach to single out words with a given sound from a group of words, from a speech stream; fix the correct pronunciation of certain sounds in words; develop attention.
Game progress: The teacher names the item and invites the children to answer where it can be put. For instance:
- “Mom brought bread and put it in ... (bread box).
- Masha poured sugar ... Where to? ( Into the sugar bowl)
- Vova washed his hands and put the soap...Where? ( Into the soap dish)
40. Didactic game "Catch up with your shadow"
Target: introduce the concept of light and shadow; develop speech.
Game progress: Educator: Who will guess the riddle?
I go - she goes
I stand - she stands,
Run, she runs. Shadow
V sunny day, if you stand with your face, back or side to the sun, then a dark spot, it's your reflection, it's called a shadow. The sun sends its rays to the earth, they spread in all directions. Standing in the light you block the way sunbeams, they illuminate you, but your shadow falls on the ground. Where else is there a shadow? What does it look like? Get the shadow. Dance with the shadow.
41. Didactic game "Finish the sentence"
Target: learn to complete sentences with a word of the opposite meaning; develop memory, speech.
Game progress: The teacher starts the sentence, and the children finish it, they only say words that are opposite in meaning.
Sugar is sweet, and pepper is .... (bitter)
Leaves are green in summer and green in autumn... (yellow)
The road is wide and the path is... ( narrow)
The ice is thin, and the trunk is ... ( thick)
42. Didactic game "Who has what color?"
Target: teach children to recognize colors, consolidate the ability to identify objects by color, develop speech, attention.
Game progress: The teacher shows, for example, a green square of paper. Children do not name a color, but an object of the same color: grass, sweater, hat, etc.
43. Didactic game "What subject"
Target: to teach to classify objects according to a certain attribute (size, color, shape), to consolidate children's knowledge about the size of objects; develop speed of thought.
Game progress: Children sit in a circle. The teacher says:
- Children, the objects that surround us are of different sizes: large, small, long, short, low, high, wide, narrow. In the classroom and on walks, we saw many objects of different sizes. Now I will name one word, and you will list what objects can be called one word.
In the hands of the teacher is a pebble. He gives it to the child who has to answer.
- Long, - the teacher says and passes the pebble to the neighbor.
- A dress, a rope, a day, a fur coat, - the children recall.
- Wide, - the teacher offers the next word.
Children call: road, street, river, tape, etc.
The game is also conducted with the aim of improving the ability of children to classify objects by color, shape. The teacher says:
- Red.
Children take turns answering: a berry, a ball, a flag, an asterisk, a car, etc.
Round ( ball, sun, apple, wheel, etc.)
44. Didactic game "What can animals do?"
Target: learn to create a wide variety of word combinations; expand in the mind the semantic content of the word; develop memory.
Game progress: Children turn into "beasts". Everyone should tell what he can do, what he eats, how he moves. The one who told correctly receives a picture with the image of an animal.
- I am a red squirrel. I jump from branch to branch. I make supplies for the winter: I collect nuts, dry mushrooms.
- I am a dog, cat, bear, fish, etc.
45. Didactic game "Think of another word"
Target: Expand words knowledge; develop attention.
Game progress: The teacher says “Come up with another, similar word from one word. You can say: a bottle of milk, but you can say a milk bottle. Kissel from cranberries (cranberry jelly); vegetable soup ( vegetable soup ); mashed potatoes ( mashed potatoes).
46. Didactic game "Pick up similar words»
Target: teach children to clearly pronounce polysyllabic words loudly; develop memory attention.
Game progress: The teacher pronounces words similar in sound: a spoon is a cat, ears are guns. Then he pronounces one word and invites the children to choose others that are close in sound to him: spoon ( cat, leg, window), a gun ( fly, drying, cuckoo), bunny ( boy, finger) etc.
47. Didactic game "Who will remember more?"
Target: enrich the vocabulary of children with verbs denoting the actions of objects; develop memory, speech.
Game progress: Carlson asks to look at the pictures and tell what they do, what else they can do.
Blizzard - sweeps, vyuzhit, purzhit.
Rain - pours, drizzles, drips, drips, starts, gushing,…
Crow- flies, croaks, sits, eats, sits down, drinks, viet, etc.
48. Didactic game "What else are they talking about?"
Target: consolidate and clarify the meaning of polysemantic words; to cultivate a sensitive attitude to the compatibility of words in meaning, to develop speech.
Game progress: Tell Carlson what else can be said like this:
It's raining: it's raining snow, winter, boy, dog, smoke.
Playing - girl, radio, …
Bitter - pepper, medicine, .. etc.
49. Didactic game "Think up yourself"
Target: to teach to see in various objects possible substitutes for other objects suitable for a particular game; to form the ability to use the same object as a substitute for other objects and vice versa; develop speech, imagination.
Game progress: The teacher suggests that each child choose one object (a cube, a cone, a leaf, a pebble, a strip of paper, a lid) and dream up: “How can I play with these objects?” Each child names an object, what it looks like and how you can play with it.
50. Didactic game "Who hears what?"
Target: to teach children to designate and name sounds with a word (ringing, rustling, playing, cracking, etc.); cultivate auditory attention; develop ingenuity, endurance.
Game progress: On the teacher's table there are various objects, during the action of which a sound is made: a bell rings; the rustle of a book being leafed through; a pipe plays, a piano sounds, a harp, etc., that is, everything that sounds in a group can be used in the game.
One child is invited behind the screen, who plays there, for example, on a pipe. The children, having heard the sound, guess, and the one who played comes out from behind the screen with a pipe in his hands. The guys are convinced that they are not mistaken. Another child, chosen by the first participant in the game, will play with another instrument. For example, he leafs through a book. Children guess. If it is difficult to immediately answer, the teacher asks to repeat the action, and listen to all the players more carefully. “The book is leafing through, the leaves are rustling,” the children guess. The player comes out from behind the screen and shows how he acted.
This game can also be played while walking. The teacher draws the attention of the children to the sounds: the tractor is working, the birds are singing, the car is honking, the leaves are rustling, etc.
