Adjectives:

1) Adjectives with suffixes -an-, -yang-, -in- are written with one -n-: clay, silver, chicken. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

2) Adjectives with suffixes -onn-, -enn- written with two -n-: aviation, related.Exception : windy, oily.

3) In adjectives formed from the stem on -n using a suffix -n-, spelled two -n-:picturen -a + n th).

Participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

Two letters -n- are written in suffixes of full participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

1) if they have the prefix: everything is plowed, from boiled(But: with a mental boy, called brother);

2) if they have dependent words: Varennaya with milk;

3) if the word has suffixes -ova-, -eva-, -irova-: pickled, paved;

4) if the word is formed from an unprefixed verb perfect form(except wounded):deprived;

IN short participles one is written -n-, and in adjectives - two (except for the form singular male). It is necessary to distinguish between full and short forms of passive past participles with suffixes -enn- And -nn- and adjectives formed from verbs. Compare:

well-mannered participle from the verb “to educate”; short form: brought up, brought up a, brought up o, brought up s And well-mannered adjective; short form: brought up, brought up, brought up, brought up.

How to distinguish? It’s possible according to the meaning, but it’s easier to try substituting the word ‘ more’:Masha was raised by her grandmother And Masha is well-mannered, polite and smart. As you can see, in the first case the substitution of the proposed word is inappropriate, but in the second it is quite possible. In addition, passive participles require the presence (at least on a subconscious level) of an indication of who performed the action indicated in the participle.

Writing one or two letters -n- V complex adjectives obeys the general rule: plain painted (paint, imperfect species); smoothly colored (painted, perfect view).

Adverbs, formed from adjectives with two -n-, also written with two -n-: were organized.

In nouns, formed from adjectives, participles and verbal adjectives, so many are written -n-, how many of them were in the production base: pupil ( from ‘ well-mannered’), martyr ( from ‘ tormented’) .

Two - n- written in all words formed from stems to -n, with a suffix starting with -n:foam (pen -a+n -y), hexagon (six+sided b+n ik).

Tasks.

His manners were not simple, but rather sophisticated. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and feeble streets, people were always sneaking around. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).

Manners are (what?) sophistication(1). This is a short adjective because it can be replaced with the full form exquisite. We determine the spelling of the full form: izizka…y is formed from the verb izyskat, which has the prefix iz-. Thus, we write two NNs in both full and short form. Weak(2)th (which?) streets. This full adjective, formed from the imperfect verb to pave. The prefix ne- does not affect the spelling, there are no suffixes -OVA/-EVA, and there are no dependent words either. We write one N. The car is underloaded (3) (what has been done?). This is a short participle, as it can be replaced with the verb underloaded. In short participles, one N is written. Thus, the correct option is answer No. 4.

Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers in whose place NN is written?

The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh wood, the windows were painted (2) white, a small porch on the side, decorated (3) with carvings, still smelled of resin.

In the foreground of the picture, against the background of figures of mummers with (2) sooty faces, a girlish figure in a snow-white dress with braided (3) sleeves stands out clearly.

Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers replaced by one letter N?

In the painting “Kermessa,” Rubens depicted a crowd of heated (1) townspeople, desperately (2) dancing a frenzied (3) dance.

N and NN in all parts of speech

On our website you can.

1956 rules:

§ 61 Double n is written in the suffixes -enn-, -onn- of adjectives formed from nouns, for example: straw, painful, cranberry, artificial, internal, bucket, peculiar, dining, revolutionary, positional.

Note. In the word windy and in its derivatives one n is written, but in prefix formations it is written -nn- (windless, leeward).

Adjectives with suffix -yan- (-an-), formed from nouns, written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather.

Adjectives wooden, tin, glass written with double n.

A suffix is ​​written with one n -in- in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, as well as in the noun hotel.

§ 62. Double n is written in passive past participles, for example: reports read at a ceremonial meeting; a soldier wounded by an enemy bullet; collective farm, organized in 1930; a detachment reinforced by two companies; deputies elected to the Supreme Council.

§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from passive past participles (or according to their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -ovanny, -evanny(except chewed and forged), for example: the patient was prescribed enhanced nutrition, a volume was published selected works Pushkin, sublime style, inscribed triangle, aged wine, trusted person, temperate climate, refined manners, abstract question, absent-minded student, worn dress, used books, tear-stained face, rusty key, risky step, spoiled child, uprooted plot.

But with one n you should write adjectives formed from passive past participles, unless these adjectives have a prefix and are not formed from verbs ending in -ovate, -eat, for example: scientific works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, pickled cucumbers, soaked apples, boiled potatoes, plain-dyed fabric.

Words desired, sacred, unexpected, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.

§ 64. Double n is written in adverbs with -o and in nouns with suffixes with -ik, -its, -ost, formed from adjectives if the latter are written with two n, for example: accidentally, unheard of, excitedly, excitement (excited); confidently, confidence (confident); education, pupil, pupil (educated); protégé (installed); captive (captive); birthday boy (birthday); sennik (hay); korennik (indigenous); in-law (inherent).

If the adjective has one n, then the adverbs and nouns formed from it are written with one n, for example: confused, confused, confused (confused); learned, learned (scientist); hemp (hemp); silversmith (silversmith). Also, with one n the words silver (in the meaning of a coin) and bessrebrenik (unselfish person) are written.

§ 65. Double n written in plural. h. and in feminine and neuter gender units. h. short adjectives, formed from passive past participles, the full form of which is double n, for example: the groups are disciplined and organized, the girl is well-mannered and smart; they are very absent-minded.

Short passive participles are written with one n, for example: broken, broken, broken, broken, the young man was raised as a Komsomol member; the girl is pampered by her upbringing; we are limited by time; The students are organized into a group.

Clear sign

The rule is quite difficult. We do not recommend studying it on your own. It is better if an experienced teacher explains everything. You can learn how to apply this rule in the courses on our website.

Examples

Heat n th onion (verbal adjective in full form: no prefix, dependent word, -ovannann-, -evann-, formed from the head. non. species).

Zazare nn th bow (participle in full form, there is a prefix).

Heat nn onion in a frying pan (participle in full form, there is a dependent word).

Canned nn th bow (participle in full form, there is a letter combination -ovanne-).

Bow fire n(participle in short form).

Territory limited n and a fence (participle in short form).

These people are immoral and restrictive. nnы (short adjective derived from the participle).

He's more concerned nn o looked at me (adverb from preoccupied).

Society is more concerned n about what is happening (participle in short form).

Silver n th knife (nominal adjective, suffix -YAN-).

Karti nn y gallery (one letter H is in the root, the other is in the suffix).

Celebration nn th meeting (nominal adjective with the suffix -ENN-).

Everything was very festive nn o (adverb from solemn).

What words need to be remembered (here are exceptions + difficult cases).

One letter N is written in the words:

Forgiveness Sunday, uninvited guest, uninvited guest, living room, gift, hotel, living room, gold-forged, imprisoned father, sworn brother, flighty, finished man, dowry, sophisticated, costumed, smart, young, ruddy, drunk, spicy, mad, red, zealous, pork, chewed, forged, pecked, dumpling, potato pancake, toiler, martyr, toiler, martyr, silversmith, unmercenary, Shrovetide, bone-dumpling, powder box, alder, confusion, peat bog, length, truth.

Two letters NN are written in the words:

Glass, tin, wooden, nameless, desired, sacred, slow, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected, unexpected, accidental, desperate, cursed, made, arrogant, minted, cutesy, home-grown, given, decided, purchased, government-issued, captured, abandoned, deprived, offended, embarrassed, executed, finished business, defeated, born, pecked, awake, abandoned.

Teacher's comments on the material being studied

Possible difficulties	Good advice
It's hard to remember the exceptions to the rule.	Refer to Appendix 1.2 and fill in the gaps in the words where necessary.
Sometimes it can be difficult to understand from which noun a given adjective is formed: moral; mysterious; scarlet; own; natural; spicy; indirect; original; humane; immune, etc.	Most likely, these are adjectives formed from obsolete nouns. You can apply the rule to them in full (even if their previous suffixes no longer stand out from a modern point of view): moral; mysterious; scarlet; own; natural; indirect lawsuit-ONN-th. Special attention pay attention to the words human-N-y and immuN-N-y, which are formed not from nouns, but from international foundations–human- and –immune- using the suffix –n-.
What to do with words like old..., were..., purposeful, deep..., true..., remarkable, etc.? They have the suffix -in-. Should they be written with one H?	In such words, the suffix –in- is already included in the basis of the nouns from which these adjectives were formed. It becomes part of the stem of the noun, and it is to it that the adjective suffix -n- is added. Therefore, NN is written in such words. Starin (a) - old-n-th. Bylin(a) - bylin-n-th. Virgin (a) - virgin soil. Depth(s) - depth-n-th. Truth (a) - true. Dozen(s) - not a dozen.
Sometimes it is unclear which suffix is ​​used in a given adjective: -an- (-yan-) or –enn-. Straw... Clay... Silver. Cutaneous. Windy.	In this case, the suffix should be remembered. Pay attention to the spelling of the following words. Straw. Clay. Silver. Windy day, man (remember also: wind engine). oil paints). When resolving this issue, also use the following considerations. Words with the suffix –AN- (-YAN-) indicate from which ( silver) or for what ( wood-burning) the item is made. The exceptions are the words: cranberry, fiery, pumpkin, straw.
Are there cases when the exceptions forged, chewed and wounded are written using NN?	Exceptions: forged, chewed and wounded can be written with two Hs when they have dependent words or prefixes. A sword forged by a gunsmith (gunsmith is a dependent word). A soldier wounded in the shoulder (in the shoulder is a dependent word). SHACKED HANDS (prefix C-). Wounded finger (PO- prefix).
In some cases, it is difficult to understand which type of verb the word is formed from. Decisive (formed from decide? decide?). Abandoned (formed from throw? throw?). This leads to spelling errors.	If you are faced with a choice between perfective and imperfective verbs, choose the perfective verb. Decided - formed from decide (sov.v), written NN. Abandoned - formed from throw (soviet), written NN.
How many N are written in words with several roots: raw smoked; quick-frozen and under.?	The presence of two roots in itself is not a condition for double H. Freshly frozen. Raw smoked. In order for two Hs to appear in the suffix of such words, one of the conditions noted in the rule must be triggered. Freshly cut (prefix C- before the root -KOSH-). Quick-frozen (the prefix ZA- before the root -ICE-CREAM-). Distinguish between words like lightly wounded and lightly wounded. In the first case we have a complex word ( medical term), in which there are no conditions for NN, in the second case there is a dependent word that requires writing NN.
How many Ns are written in short participles? The meeting is over...but. The mine is neutralized...on.	In short participles, one letter N is written, regardless of whether they contain prefixes, dependent words, etc. The meeting is over. The mine has been neutralized.

Н and НН in adjectives formed from nouns

The choice of N or NN in adjectives formed from nouns is determined by which word and with the help of which suffix the adjective was formed.

Rat poison; living room; remarkable nature.

Find out from which noun the word is formed.

Write NN
If one H is at the base of a noun, and the second H is a suffix of an adjective: -	If you see the suffix -IN-:
If you have suffixes -ENN- / -ONN-: foliage(s) - - station(s) - - Exceptions: windy but without windy under windy	If you have suffixes -AN- / -YAN-: silver) - - leather) - - Remember: glass tin wood constant nameless

The rule also applies to short adjectives (road).

Rat poison - rat(s) + .

Living room - guest + .

Remarkable nature - .

N and NN in full verbal adjectives and participles

Dried laundry; crazy speed; sold product.

In full verbal adjectives and participles, NN is written when any of the conditions noted below are present.

Writing conditions NN:

3) the word contains -OVA- / -EVA-:

Exceptions:

4) the word is formed from a perfect verb (question what to do?):

settled matter ( decide- owls V.).

Exception:

Н and НН in short verbal adjectives and short participles

She is modest and well-mannered...a; she was brought up in a boarding school; she is always collected..and organized..and.

She is modest and well-mannered - this is a short verbal adjective.

She was raised in a boarding school - this is a short communion.

She is always collected and organized - these are short verbal adjectives.

Spelling N and NN in nouns

In derived nouns n or nn written depending on the morphemes with which nouns are formed, or in accordance with the stem from which they are derived.

1. nn is written:

1) if the root of the word ends in n and the suffix begins with n: elder-nick (elderberry), druzhin-nick (druzhina), malin-nick (raspberry), swindler-nick (moshna), aspen-nick (aspen), rowan-nick (rowan); besdorn-nits-a (dowry), besson-nits-a (sleep), zvon-nits-a (ringing), log-nits-a (log);

2) if the noun is formed from an adjective with nn, or from a participle: soreness (painful), agitation (excited), hryvnia (kryvnia), power of attorney (confided), cutesy (prissy), spoiled (spoiled), izbn-ik (chosen), exiled (expelled), konn-itsa (horse), koren-ik (indigenous), larch-itsa (deciduous), accident (accidental), education (educated), obshchestven-ik (public), organization ( organized), plenn-ik (captive), possan-ik (sent), privileged-ist (privileged), proizvodstven-ik (productive), millet-ik (millet), crafts-ik (craft), sotsanny-ik (related ), sacred-ik (sacred), seminal-ik (seminal), sov-ik (own), sovrem-ik (modern), coherence (coordinated), nebula (foggy).

2. N written in words: bagryan-itsa (crimson), varen-ik (boiled), windy-ost, windy-ik, windy-itsa (windy), gostin-itsa (living room), drovyan-ik (wood-burning), konoplyan-ik (hemp) , kopchen-ost (smoked), kostyan-ika (bone), maslen-itsa (oily), wiser-ost (sophisticated), ovsyan-itsa (oatmeal), peat-ik (peaty), smyshlen-ost (smart) and etc., as well as in the words alder-nik, omshan-ik.

Spelling Н and НН in suffixes of denominal adjectives (formed from the name of a noun)

1. Nn is written:

1) for adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: artificial, cranberry, straw, operating, session, station and etc.; This also includes adjectives formed from nouns ending in mya (time, flame, etc.): temporary, fiery, seed, nominal, tribal etc.

In an adjective windy one is written n , since it is formed not from the noun wind, but from the verb wind using a suffix -n- , which does not contradict the spelling rule n in verbal adjectives: weathered, weathered, windswept- formed from verbs;

2) for adjectives formed from adjectives using a suffix -enn-, indicating a large measure of a sign: tall, hefty, wide and etc;

3) for adjectives formed from nouns with base on n(second -n- adjective suffix): long (length), true (true), millionth (million), ancient (antique), canvas (canvas) and etc.

Adjectives like mutton, carp, seal are written with one n , since they are formed from nouns with a stem in n by adding a suffix -j- .

Words spicy, rosy, youthful written with one n (non-derivative adjectives); in words derived from them, one n is also written: spice, ruddy, blush, youth(But: youth, since this word is formed from the combination young naturalist).

2. N is written on adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -in-, -an-, -yang- : pigeon(pigeon), goose(goose), chicken, eagle, swan, leather(leather), sandy(sand), cereous(wax), linen(canvas), silver, wood-burning and etc.

Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

It is necessary to distinguish between adjectives, the spelling of which depends on their meaning:

A) windy- “accompanied by the wind, with the wind” (windy weather), “frivolous” - transl. (fickle girl, youth); wind- “powered by the force of the wind” (wind engine, pump, mill); in combination chicken pox an adjective has a suffix -yan- , cf.: chickenpox- decomposition;

b) buttery- “soaked in oil, lubricated, stained with oil” ( butter pancakes, porridge, hands), trans. ( oily eyes, oily voice, also: Shrovetide week - Maslenitsa); oil- “for oil, from oil, in oil” ( butter cookies, Oil paint, oil engine, pump and so on.); compare: oil bottle(“intended for oil”) and buttery bottle(“stained with oil”);

V) silver- “subjected to silvering, covered with silver” (silver spoon); silver- “made of silver” (silver spoon);

G) salty- “containing salt” ( salty fish); salt- “consisting of salt” ( salt mine, salt pillar). In combination salt acid is written as a suffix on the adjective -yan- .

Spelling N and NN in verbal adjectives and participles

Full forms

Written with nn suffixes of full forms of passive past participles: -nn- And -yonn- (-enn- ). Adjectives correlative to them in form are written in some cases also with nn in a suffix, in others - with one n .

1. Written with nn participles and adjectives -ovanny, -evanny, -evanny(formed from verbs in -ow, -eat), For example: pampered, uprooted, lined, painted, organized; uprooted, spoiled, painted over, lined, reorganized.

2. Also written with nn communion not on -ovated(-evanny, – evanny) verbs perfect form and correlative adjectives; the vast majority of such verbs contain a prefix.

a) Examples of forms formed from prefixed verbs: bleached, washed, knitted, fried, written on, dyed, peeled, scolded, dyed, counted, unraveled, made.

b) A list of forms of native verbs without prefixes, as well as some verbs in which the prefix can only be distinguished etymologically: abandoned, given, finished, bought, deprived, captured, forgiven, abandoned, decided, captured, revealed; met, started, offended, acquired, obliged, visited, supplied.

Forms are also written according to this rule. two-species(having the meaning of both perfective and imperfective forms) verbs to marry, bequeath, promise, execute, give birth: married, bequeathed, promised, executed, born.

Exceptions. Are written with one n adjectives correlative with participial forms in the following stable combinations: finished man, named brother, named sister, imprisoned father, imprisoned mother, Forgiveness Sunday .

3. Participles are not on -ovated(-evanny, -evanny) verbs imperfect form(they are formed only from prefixless verbs) and the adjectives correlative with them are written differently: participles with nn , adjectives – with one n , For example: carts loaded with firewood, fish fried in oil, an oil painting, hair cut by a barber And short-cropped hair, green-painted benches, a floor that has not been swept for a long time, walls that have not yet been whitewashed, money that has been counted more than once, an offer made many times; But: loaded barge, Fried fish, written beauty, cut hair, painted benches, swept floor, whitewashed walls, a few minutes, feigned indifference; similarly knitted And knitted, ironed And ironed, woven And braided, brushed And cleaned; also written: chewed And chewed, pecked And pecking, forged And forged.

According to this rule, forms of two-type verbs are written concuss, baptize And injure. Wed: a shell-shocked soldier, a seriously wounded soldier, a soldier wounded in the leg, a newly baptized baby, But: shell-shocked commander, wounded soldier, baptized child.

As can be seen from the examples, the participle is recognized by the presence of dependent words. There are, however, rare cases when the dependent word is not a sign of the participle. For example, you should write: his mustache is clearly dyed(obviously artificial, where is the word obviously used with an adjective); the walls, previously whitewashed, are now covered with green paint(walls that used to be white).

In words with the prefix not-, in compound words and in some combinations? repetitions, the forms of participles and adjectives are written in the same way as in a separate (without a prefix and not as part of a compound word or repetition combination) use .

Examples:

1. Words with a prefix Not- :

Written with nn : uneducated, unlined, untested, unfinished, unbought, unforgiven ;

Written with n : unbleached, unironed, uninvited, unforged, unfed, unpainted, unmeasured, unpaved, unplowed, uninvited, uncounted.

2. Difficult words:

Written with nn : highly qualified, fully stamped, acquired, freshly painted, purposeful, born blind, insane;

Written with n : plain dyed, homespun, finely crushed, impostor, seriously wounded, whole-cut .

3. Repeat combinations with a prefix re- in the second part, having an intensifying meaning. In them, the second part is written in the same way as the first (with nn or n ), For example:

Written with nn : mortgaged-remortgaged, resolved-resolved ;

Written with n : patched-re-patched, washed-re-washed, mended-re-fixed, read-re-read, darned-re-darned.

Exceptions. Written with nn instead of n :

a) adjectives desired, awaited and (as part of stable combinations) has it been seen before?; Is it unheard of? They are formed from imperfect verbs wish, wait And see, hear .

Special cases: adjectives put on flooded sea; they are formed from imperfect prefix verbs put on, pour out, i.e. from verbs with a suffix - va- , which do not naturally form passive past participles;

b) adjectives with a prefix not-: unknown, unseen, unforeseen, unwanted, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, unheard of, unexpected and (as part of a stable combination) watchful eye;

c) compound adjectives long-awaited, home-grown and (consisting of own name) Andrew the First-Called.

The second parts of these prefixed and compound adjectives also correspond to imperfective verbs.

Short forms

Short forms of passive past participles are written with one n , For example: read, read, read, read; read, read, read, read; tagged, tagged, tagged, tagged; marked, marked, marked, marked. Neuter forms are also written in impersonal use, for example: smoked, polluted, driven, walked, driven-crossed, walked-crossed .

Short forms (except for the masculine form) adjectives with a qualitative meaning, coinciding in form with the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn , For example: brought up, brought up, brought up(from adjective well-mannered‘discovering results’ good upbringing’); spoiled, spoiled, spoiled(from adjective spoiled‘accustomed to fulfilling one’s whims’); sublime, sublime, sublime(from adjective exalted'full high content'). Such adjectives have comparative forms: more educated, more spoiled, more elevated.

Compare the following examples in pairs with short forms of participles and adjectives: She was raised by a distant relative . – She has good manners and is well-mannered. She's spoiled good conditions – She is capricious and spoiled.

Brief adjective forms na-ny are written with one n , if these adjectives require dependent words and do not have a comparative form. Examples: attached to someone‘attached’ – She is very attached to him; full of something‘full, imbued’ – The soul is filled with sadness; heard about something‘well-informed’ – We've heard a lot about his tricks.

Some adjectives have different meanings short forms spelled differently. For example, different spelling short forms of the word devotee: She is kind and loyal And She's dedicated. In the first example devoted- same adjective as educated, spoiled, sublime, it has a comparative degree more faithful; in the second - the same as attached, fulfilled, heard(requires dependent words: to anyone, anything).

Short forms of adjectives, expressing different emotional states, can be written with n or with nn depending on the conveyed shades of meaning. For example: She's excited(she feels nervous) – Her speech is excited(her speech reveals, expresses excitement). In the first case, it is also possible to write excited(which would emphasize that her appearance expresses excitement), and in the second case the writing excited impossible (since speech cannot ‘experience excitement’).

IN difficult cases To distinguish between such short forms, you should refer to the academic “Russian Spelling Dictionary”.

Short forms of complex adjectives, the second parts of which coincide with the participles on -ny, written with n or nn depending on the value. Adjectives expressing characteristics that can be manifested to a greater or lesser extent, i.e. forming comparative forms, have short forms (except for the masculine form) with nn ; adjectives that do not allow comparative forms in meaning have short forms with one n , For example:

well-mannered, -no, -nny; landscaped, -no, -nny; self-confident, -no, -nny; purposeful, -no, -nny; purposeful, -no, -nny(there are comparative forms more well-mannered, more comfortable, more self-confident, more purposeful, more purposeful);

interconnected, -but, -us; interdependent, -but, -us; generally recognized, -but, -us; contraindicated, -but, -we(no forms of comparative degree).

Short forms of adjectives with a qualitative meaning, the full forms of which are conveyed in writing with one n , are written in the same way as complete ones. For example: done, done, done(from made‘unnatural, forced’); prostitute, confused, prostitutes(from confused‘illogical, confusing’); scientist, scientist, scientists(from scientist‘knowing something thoroughly’). Comparative forms are also written ( more elaborate, more confused, more learned) and adverbs -O(done, confused, learned).

Such adjectives are few in number; the vast majority of adjectives correlative with participles -ny have no qualitative significance; these are boiled, boiled, soaked, dried, chiseled and so on.

SPELLING N-NN IN ADVERB SUFFIXES

Adverbs on -O , formed from adjectives and passive participles, are written with double n or one n - depending on how the corresponding adjective or participle is written.

For example:

Written with nn : unexpected, unheard of(from unexpected, unheard of), excitedly, excitement(excited), confident;

Written with n : confusing(talks confusedly), confusion, confusion(from confused), learned(very learnedly expressed),windy(It's windy outside today).

Participle and adjective. These two parts of speech have so much in common that it is often difficult to distinguish which is which. But from correct definition error-free spelling depends. This also applies to the rules governing the use of N and NN in adjectives and participles.

Participle: one or two n

Participle - verb form, which contains both verb features, and signs of an adjective. When thinking about how many N's to use when writing a participle, keep in mind that there are always two N's in this part of speech.

However there is special group- verbal participles. N and NN and the subtleties of their spelling in these parts of speech will be discussed in detail below, but for now we will give examples of the basic rule. In full passive participles with suffixes -nn- and -enn- Two letters N are always written, provided:

1. The sacrament has a prefix, for example: a plowed field, stewed vegetables, fried fish.
2. The presence of words dependent on it in the participle: fish dried on the balcony, apples soaked in a barrel, a field plowed in the morning.
3. This is a perfect participle: a purchased cloak, a solved equation, a captured warrior.
4. The formation of the participle involved a verb with a suffix -ova-(-eva-, -irova-): paved road (pave), explored area (explore).

If at least one of these conditions is met, you can safely use two letters N.

One N in adjectives

The situation with adjectives is much more complicated. Here, the spelling of one H or two depends on many factors.

Let's consider cases when one H is needed:

1. If the adjective has suffixes -in-, -an-(-yan-). The first, as a rule, refers to an animal (eagle's beak, rooster's tail, swan's fidelity). The second indicates what the item is made of: leather belt, oil paint (oil-based paint, should be distinguished from the word oiled in the meaning soaked in oil - an oily pancake), silver spoon (also should be distinguished from the word silver, with an emphasis on e - meaning y the word “treated with silver”, the word in this meaning has the suffix -en-). This clause has three words that are exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
2. In adjectives in the formation of which no part of speech was involved (primitives): blue, young. Such adjectives do not have a suffix.
3. Exception word - adjective windy, here you need to write one H, but its derivatives with prefixes will have NN: the weather was calm, we approached from the leeward side. It is also worth distinguishing a word from another lexical meaning: wind (powered by wind) - wind engine, chicken pox.

NN in adjectives

NN should be written for adjectives in the following cases:

1. The letters stand at the junction of the root and the suffix: depth - deep; fog - foggy; million - millionth.
2. The adjective is formed using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: operational (from operation), station (station), intentional (to intend).
3. Ending with -ovanny (-evanny): pampered, painted, organized.

Verbal adjective

There is a whole group of adjectives - verbal ones. It is with their distinction that mistakes are made in the text and the rules N and НН in participles are incorrectly applied. Why? The fact is that they have a very pronounced meaning of action: fried, steamed, boiled. The rule “spelling N and NN in participles” does not apply to them. In verbal forms of an adjective, one N is always used.

Such adjectives have a number of specific features, by which one can easily guess that this is the part of speech that we have in front of us:

1. No attachment. Let's compare: painted - painted. The second word has a prefix, so the rule “N and NN in participles” applies to it - NN should be used. But the first one is a verbal adjective that must be written with one N.
2. No dependent words. Let's compare: a confused trace is a trace confused with special care. In the first case, we observe a verbal adjective, in which we write one N (there are no dependent words). They exist in the second case - we write, according to the rule “N and NN in participles”, with two N.

Verbal adjective or participle: algorithm

You can determine the spelling of N and NN in adjectives and participles using an algorithm, the main thing of which is to correctly recognize the part of speech. It must be remembered that the participle requires the placement of two Hs, and the verbal adjective requires one. Let's look at two examples.

• First: Boiled water is poured into the carafe . First, let’s determine the presence of a prefix: the verb “boil” is used in the formation of the word, and accordingly, the prefix is ​​missing. Next, let's see if there are dependent words. There is none of them. If these two points do not coincide, then most likely we have a verbal adjective. The only thing left to do is to check what type of verb the word is formed from. Boil (what to do? - imperfect form). This means that the rule “spelling N and NN in participles” does not work here. This name is an adjective - we write one letter N.
• Second: Freshly boiled water is poured into the carafe . We look for the presence of a prefix: boiled, formed from the verb “boil” using a prefix -all-. Although we could stop here, apply the rule “N and НН in participles” and write two N, let’s check further. At the word « boiled" is a dependent word - "recently", which means that we are clearly facing a participle.

So, briefly, the algorithm for using N and NN in participle suffixes comes down to the following: we determine whether the word has prefixes or dependent words. If there is, this is a participle, where NN is written. If there is neither one nor the other, we check the type of the verb that participated in the formation of the word: imperfect - one H, perfect - NN.

Spelling N and NN in short adjectives and participles

Another aspect of the rule regarding the use of N or NN in participles and adjectives is their short forms.

The short form of the adjective answers the questions “what? », “what? » In this form, as many letters N are required as are used in the full form: solemn speech - solemn speech, long path - the path is long, mysterious nature - nature is mysterious or a wounded fighter - a fighter is wounded, windy weather - windy weather, confused rule - confused rule .

In short participles, one N is always used, even if there are two in the full form. For example: lessons learned - lessons learned, newspaper read - newspaper read, poem written - poem written, house built - house built.