In the tales and legends of almost all the peoples of the Earth there are references to people of great stature - giants. To the fact that they used to live on Earth, whose growth was much higher than that of modern man, indicate the many archaeological finds found around the world.
The remains of giant people have been found in almost every part of the world:mexico, Peru, Tunisia, Pennsylvania, Texas, Philippines, Syria, Morocco, Australia, Spain, Georgia, Southeast Asia, on the islands of Oceania.
In 2008, not far from the city Borjomi, V Kharagaul reserve, Georgian archaeologists found a skeleton three-meter giant. skull found in 3 times more skulls of an ordinary person.
Remains giant people were found in australia where anthropologists found a fossilized indigenous tooth height 67 and width 42 mm. The owner of the tooth must have been about 7.5 meters and weight 370 kilograms. Hydrocarbon analysis determined the age of the find - 9 million years.
IN China found fragments of the jaws of people whose height ranged from 3 before 3,5 meters, and weight 300 kilograms.
IN south africa, on diamond mines, a fragment of a huge skull was found 45 centimeters. Anthropologists determined the age of the skull - about 9 million years.
Many remains of giants were found in the last century on Caucasus. In 2000, in a mountain cave in Eastern Georgia, archaeologists discovered the skeletons of four-meter giants.
On July 23, 2001, by Marvin Rainwater, owner of a farm in Iowa (USA), while digging a well, a tomb with mummified giant people 3 meters tall was discovered.
IN Sahara near Gobero Stone Age graves have been discovered. The age of the remains is about 5000 years. In 2005-2006, about 200 burials of two cultures were found in the region - Kythian And Tenerian. Kithians lived in this territory 8 - 10 thousand years back. They were taller than 2 meters.
Many giant fossilized bones were found in one of the mountain valleys Turkey. The fossilized human leg bone has a length 120 centimeters judging by this size, the height of a person was about 5 meters. The race of Giants existed!
The end of the 20th century was marked by a sensational discovery by the Anglo-French paleontological expedition, which conducted research in remote parts of Southern Mongolia, in the Gobi Desert, which has long been considered a hoard of secrets. There is a place called Uulakh, about which the legend of a giant devil who lived in a stone gorge has been passed down from generation to generation. It was so huge that the earth could hardly bear it.
A group of paleontologists, led by Professor Higley, decided to check the authenticity of this legend. Persistent excavation in layers rock, which is about 45 million years old, were crowned with success: a well-preserved skeleton of a humanoid creature was discovered. Moreover, scientists were struck by its growth - about 15-17 meters. So the legend was true? But how did the locals learn about the "gigantic shaitan" if he lived millions of years ago? There is only one plausible explanation: they have already seen his bones. The rock could be washed away by water, which allowed the Mongols to see the remains, the legend of which has been passed down from generation to generation for hundreds of years.
So for 45 million years there has already been a human civilization - the Race of Giants!?
Independent experts pointed to another important factor: a forgery of this magnitude cannot be manufactured and delivered to the required place in secret.
Noteworthy is the version put forward by the Canadian scientist Roger Wingley, who noted that it is necessary to take into account the data of recent studies. It follows from them that for billions of years the Earth has rotated around the Sun and around its axis much faster than at present. Calculations show that at that time the day lasted about 10 hours, and in one year there were almost 400 days. According to Wingley, such conditions made it possible for giants to exist - dinosaurs, lizards, and even humanoids. It is likely that this is the key to the mysterious gorge.
Articles appeared in a number of British newspapers that called for a new look at the history of human development. The well-known British scientist Dr. Townes expressed his view on the problem.
He believes that his colleagues have made a unique find that does not belong to earthly civilization. The professor put forward a hypothesis that the creature found in the Gobi desert developed and lived according to laws that are very far from earthly evolution. Therefore, this is not a representative of an extinct race from our planet, not a hoax, but a creature from outer space.
Historical chronicles of the 19th century often report findings in different parts of the globe of anomalous human skeletons. tall.
In 1821 in USA in Tennessee found the ruins of an ancient stone wall, and under it are two human skeletons 215 centimeters tall. In Wisconsin, during the construction of a granary in 1879, huge vertebrae and skull bones were found "of incredible thickness and size," according to a newspaper article.
In 1883 in Utah several burial mounds were discovered in which there were burials of people of very tall stature - 195 centimeters, which is at least 30 centimeters higher than the average height of the Aboriginal Indians. The latter did not make these burials and could not provide any information about them. In 1885, in Gusterville (Pennsylvania), a stone crypt was discovered in a large grave mound, in which there was a skeleton 215 centimeters high. Primitive images of people, birds and animals were carved on the walls of the crypt.
In 1890 in Egypt archaeologists found a stone sarcophagus with a clay coffin inside, which contained the mummies of a two-meter red-haired woman and a baby. The features of the face and the addition of the mummies differed sharply from the ancient Egyptians. Similar mummies of a man and a woman with red hair were discovered in 1912 in Lovelok (Nevada) in a cave carved into the rock. The growth of a mummified woman during her lifetime was two meters, and men - about three meters.
In 1930 near Basarsta in Australia prospectors in the development of jasper often found fossilized prints of huge human feet. The race of giant people, whose remains were found in Australia, anthropologists called megantropus. The growth of these people ranged from 210 to 365 centimeters. Meganthropus are similar to Gigantopithecus, the remains of which were found in China. Judging by the fragments of jaws and many teeth found, growth Chinese giants was 3 to 3.5 meters, and the weight was 400 kilograms. Near Basarst, in river sediments, there were stone artifacts of enormous weight and size - clubs, plows, chisels, knives and axes. Modern Homo sapiens would hardly be able to work with tools weighing from 4 to 9 kilograms.
An anthropological expedition, which specifically investigated the area in 1985 for the presence of the remains of meganthropus, excavated at a depth of up to three meters from the surface of the earth. Australian researchers found, among other things, a petrified molar 67 mm high and 42 mm wide. The owner of the tooth had to be at least 7.5 meters tall and weigh 370 kilograms! Hydrocarbon analysis determined the age of the finds, amounting to nine million years.
In 1971 in Queensland farmer Stephen Walker, plowing his field, came across a large fragment of a jaw with teeth five centimeters high. In 1979 in Megalong Valley in the Blue Mountains, locals found a huge stone sticking out above the surface of the stream, on which one could see the imprint of a part of a huge foot with five fingers. The transverse size of the fingers was 17 centimeters. If the print had been preserved in its entirety, it would have been 60 cm long. It follows that the imprint was left by a man of six meters in height
close Malgoa three huge footprints were found 60 centimeters long, 17 wide. The giant's step length was measured 130 centimeters. Traces were preserved in the petrified lava for millions of years, even before Homo sapiens appeared on the Australian continent (if the theory of evolution is considered correct). Huge footprints are also found in the limestone bed of the Upper Maclay River. The fingerprints of these footprints are 10 cm long and the width of the foot is 25 cm. Obviously, the Australian Aborigines were not the first inhabitants of the continent. It is interesting that in their folklore there are legends about giant people who once lived in these territories. .
In one of the old books entitled "History and Antiquity", now kept in the library of Oxford University, there is an account of the discovery of a giant skeleton made in the Middle Ages in Cumberland. “The giant is buried to a depth of four yards and is in full military dress. His sword and battle ax rest next to him. The length of the skeleton is 4.5 yards (4 meters), and the teeth " big man"measured 6.5 inches (17 centimeters)"
In 1877 not far from Jews in Nevada prospectors worked on a gold pan in a deserted hilly area. One of the workers accidentally noticed something sticking out above the ledge of the cliff. People climbed a rock and were surprised to find the human bones of the foot and lower leg, along with the patella. The bone was immured in the rock, and the prospectors freed it from the rock with picks. Assessing the unusualness of the find, the workers delivered it to Evreka. The stone, in which the rest of the leg was embedded, was quartzite, and the bones themselves turned black, which betrayed their considerable age. The leg was broken above the knee and was knee-joint and completely preserved bones of the lower leg and foot. Several doctors examined the bones and came to the conclusion that the leg undoubtedly belonged to a person. But the most intriguing aspect of the find was the size of the foot - 97 centimeters from knee to foot The owner of this limb was tall 3 meters 60 centimeters.
Even more mysterious was the age of the quartzite in which the fossil was found - 185 million years, the era of dinosaurs. Local newspapers vied with each other to report the sensation. One of the museums sent researchers to the place of discovery in the hope of finding the rest of the skeleton. But unfortunately nothing else was found
In 1936, the German paleontologist and anthropologist Larson Kohl found the skeletons of giant people on the shore. Lake Elisey in Central Africa . 12 men buried in a mass grave had a height of 350 to 375 centimeters during their lifetime. Curiously, their skulls had sloping chins and two rows of upper and lower teeth.
There is evidence that during the Second World War in the territory Poland during the burial of the executed, a fossilized skull 55 centimeters high was found, that is, almost three times more than that of a modern adult. The giant to whom the skull belonged had very proportional features and was at least 3.5 meters tall.
One of the most unique specimens of Klaus Don's collections are the bones of a giant. This is a genuine artifact. IN Ecuador in 1964 he found part of the heel and occipital bone human skeleton. Based on the calculations, he found out that this bone belonged to a man with a height of 7 meters 60 centimeters. These remains are over 10,000 years old. But that is not all. IN Bolivia he was also able to make a discovery. Klaus discovered a burial of people 260-280 centimeters tall. But the strangest thing is that they have extraordinary elongated skulls.
About giant people from other sources:
Helena Blavatsky
Theosophist, writer and traveler Helena Blavatsky formed a classification of existing earthly civilizations- Indigenous Human Races:
I race - angelic people,
II race - ghost-like people,
III race - Lemurians,
IV race - Atlanteans,
Race V - Aryans (WE).
In The Secret Doctrine, Helena Blavatsky writes that the inhabitants of Lemuria were the "root race" of mankind.
As Blavatsky writes, “the late Lemurians were 10 to 20 meters tall. All the major achievements of earth technology come from them. They left their knowledge on the "golden plates", hidden to this day in hiding places. The Lemurian civilization existed for many millions of years and disappeared 2-3 million years ago.
The Atlantean race was also a highly developed race, but to a lesser extent than the Lemurians. The Atlanteans were 5-6 meters tall, outwardly they were similar to modern people. The main part of the Atlanteans died during the Flood 850 thousand years ago, but some groups of Atlanteans survived to a period of 12 thousand years ago.
The Aryan race appeared in the bowels of the Atlantean civilization about a million years ago. All modern earthlings are called Aryans. The early Aryans had a height of 3-4 meters, then the growth decreased.
Nicholas Roerich
The scientist, artist, philosopher-mystic Nicholas Roerich wrote about the Bamiyan statues: “These five figures belong to the creation of the hands of the Initiates of the Fourth Race, who, after the sinking of their mainland, found refuge in the strongholds and on the peaks of the Central Asian mountain range. These figures are an illustration of the Teaching about the gradual evolution of the Races. The largest represents the First Race, its etheric body was imprinted in hard, indestructible stone. The second - 36 meters high - depicts "Then-born". The third - 18 meters - perpetuates the Race that fell and conceived the first physical Race, born from a father and mother, the last offspring of which are depicted in statues on Easter Island. These were only 6 and 7.5 meters tall in the era when Lemuria was flooded. The Fourth Race was even smaller, though gigantic in comparison with our Fifth Race, and the series ends last.
Drunvalo Melchizedek
Scholar and esoteric, Drunvalo Melchizedek in the book "The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life" writes about aliens from parallel worlds on the land of Ancient Egypt.
He describes the growth of people of different spatial dimensions:
1.5 - 2 meters - the growth of people of the third (our) dimension,
3.6 - 4.5 meters - the fourth dimension,
10.6 meters - the fifth dimension,
18 meters - the sixth dimension,
26 - 28 meters - the seventh dimension.
Drunvalo Melchizedek writes that the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten was not an earthling, he came from the star system of Sirius, his height was 4.5 meters. Akhenaten's wife, Nefertiti, was about 3.5 meters tall. They were people of the fourth dimension.
Ernst Muldashev
Professor Ernst Muldashev, during an expedition to Syria, in the town of Ain Dara, in an ancient ruined temple, discovered traces of a giant man. The length of the giant's footprint was 90 cm, the width at the base of the fingers was 45 cm, the length thumb- 20 cm, little finger length - 15 cm. According to calculations, a person with such foot sizes should have been 6.5-10 meters tall.
In the East there is a very detailed description of the Buddha. From this description, called "60 features and 32 characteristics of the Buddha", it is known that the Buddha had a huge growth, webbed fingers and toes, 40 teeth, which corresponds to the description of the people of the Atlantean civilization.
GIANTS TODAY
IN present time giants are also found, but, unfortunately, there is little fabulous in them. These are sick people suffering from increased function of the anterior pituitary gland, which produces growth hormone. Giants grow over 2 meters (the most A tall man, described in the literature, had a height of 320 centimeters). As a child, they look like ordinary people, however, by the beginning of puberty (9-10 years), their growth accelerates sharply and lasts longer than in ordinary people.
Matrine Van Buuren Bates(1837-1919) - "giant from Kentucky", hero of the American civil war who fought on the side of the Confederation (the slave-owning south of the country). His height reached 243 centimeters, and weight - 234 kilograms. In his youth, Martin worked school teacher, but after the start of the civil war, he joined the army, rose to the rank of captain, became a legend among the northerners, was captured, was exchanged (according to another version, he fled), and in the end decided to leave the service, hiring to work in a circus. Despite the giant growth, such people are characterized by poor health. They rarely live to old age, sometimes have mental problems, do not show sexual activity, suffer from visual impairment. Their gigantism is disproportionate - people often become freaks with an excessively small head and long limbs. However, despite this, many giants find the strength to live normal life. They even manage to become famous.
The bones found near the Jebel Irhud cave belong to people who lived here about three hundred thousand years ago.
On the left is a high and rounded skull of a modern human, on the right is a complete reconstruction of a human skull from Jebel Irhud: a modern face is combined with an archaic flattened and elongated brain region. (Illustration: Philipp Gunz / MPI-EVA, Leipzig.)
Fragments of tools found in Jebel Irhud. (Photo: Mohammed Kamal / MPI-EVA, Leipzig.)
There is no need to prove once again that people left Africa: both archaeological finds and the results of genetic research lead to it. But Africa is very big. There is some place in it that modern people, Homo sapiens can call their very first home?
Until now, Ethiopia was considered such a place - it was here that the remains of a reasonable man aged 160 and 195 thousand years were once found; so we had every reason to believe that all modern humans descended from a population that lived in the east of the African continent somewhere around 200,000 years ago.
However, judging by the finds in the Moroccan cave of Jebel Irhud, H. sapiens appeared and settled in Africa much earlier than previously thought. Jebel Irhud has long been known for human remains and artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic (about 200 thousand years ago - 50-25 thousand years ago). However, in the past, experts were not always able to accurately determine the exact age of what was found here.
Until recently, it was believed that six human fragments, discovered back in the 60s of the last century, belong to Neanderthals who lived here about 40,000 years ago. In 2007, one of the bone fragments (a child's jaw) was "aged" to 160,000 years. And now in an article in Nature archaeologists from the Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology of the Max Planck Society, together with colleagues from Morocco, the USA, Great Britain and Italy, describe a new portion of bones about 300 thousand years old.
These remains were found during the next large-scale excavations that have been going on in Jebel Irhud since 2004. The skulls, teeth and limb bones found belonged to at least five people: three adults, a teenager and a child. The age of the remains was determined more or less precisely thanks to quartz tools, which were found right there and which were dated using the thermoluminescent method, when the age of an object is estimated by its luminosity when heated. The aforementioned jaw of a child from a previous set of remains has aged again, so that its age is now estimated between 350,000 and 220,000 years ago. In general, it turned out that all the bones, both old and new, belong to a reasonable person, and not to a Neanderthal man.
Using Methods computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstruction, the researchers compared the finds from Jebel Irhoud with the known remains different types people who lived between 1.8 million and 150 thousand years ago, as well as with various remains H. sapiens age from 130 thousand years and younger. It turned out that the face and teeth of the "Dzhebel-Irkhudovites" are quite close to today's people. At the same time, three skulls - two from the old series and one from the new - with their flattened and elongated shape look more archaic compared to the more rounded and tall skulls of modern people. According to the authors of the article, the features of the face and teeth were formed in H. sapiens quite early and then changed little, while the brain part of the skull continued to adapt to the evolving brain.
It is worth adding that the tools found with the new remains are similar to those found in different places on the continent and which also belong to the Middle Paleolithic period. You can also recall the 260 thousand year old skull from South Africa - some experts believe that it also belongs to H. sapiens. (We emphasize that we are talking specifically about a reasonable person, and not in general about the genus Homo.)
In general, everything indicates that Homo sapiens evolved, so to speak, throughout Africa, and it is hardly worth saying that any particular population in the east or west was the main one.
However, one way or another, the conclusions regarding the Moroccan finds will still need to be repeatedly confirmed, since now not all archaeologists and anthropologists are ready to recognize the remains of Homo sapiens in new bones.
He published the work of an international group of scientists, which included six Russians. It was thanks to their enthusiasm that the scientific community received a unique find at their disposal, and with it the most ancient genome of Homo sapiens.
Nobody believed!
This story is full of wonderful coincidences, and just luck. It began with the fact that in 2008 Omsk artist Nikolai Peristov, specializing in bone carving, wandered along the banks of the Irtysh in search of working material - the remains of a bison, mammoth and other prehistoric animals. He arranged such sorties regularly: the banks of the river are destroyed, the earth reveals what has been hidden in it for centuries and millennia. That day, Peristov noticed a bone sticking out of the washed layer, threw it into a bag and brought it home. Yes, just in case.
For two years, the bone lay in the storerooms of the artist, until his acquaintance paid attention to it. Aleksey Bondarev - forensic expert from the regional police department. He is a biologist by training and paleontology is his hobby. Bondarev carefully studied the bone. In appearance, it was clear that this was not an animal, and not even a Neanderthal. With a length of 35 cm, the bone most of all resembled a human femur. But what is the age of this person?
Alexey asked for help Yaroslav Kuzmin from the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS that in Novosibirsk. He took the find unusually seriously. “To put it simply, he believed that the bone could be very ancient, tens of thousands of years old,” recalls Bondarev. - The fact is that in our area the remains of a man of the Paleolithic era (over 10 thousand years ago) have never been found. And no one expected that they could be found at all. Such scientists did not even come to mind! Archaeologists knew only the ancient sites of Homo sapiens with stone tools and animal bones found on them. In general, it was believed that the first people came to the territory of the Omsk region no earlier than 14 thousand years ago.”
Yaroslav Kuzmin is a well-known specialist in radiocarbon dating(this is one of the methods for determining the age of biological remains). He sent the bone for examination to Oxford University, with which he has been collaborating for a long time. The British were delighted: the analysis showed that the bone material is 45 thousand years old! To date, these are the most ancient human remains, dated directly, and not by indirect evidence (that is, not by the environment in which they were found: tools, household items, etc.). The man from Ust-Ishim (nicknamed after the name of the nearest village) is the oldest member of the genus Homo sapiens found outside of Africa and the Middle East. Yes, even in the north, at the 58th latitude! Scientists believe that it was the cold climate that helped this bone survive.
Omsk artist Nikolai Peristov found a sensation on the river bank. Photo: From the personal archive / Alexey Bondarev
Cradle in Siberia
The discoveries didn't end there. Yaroslav Kuzmin connected geneticists to the case: the precious bone, accompanied by Russian scientists, went to Germany, to Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. They know firsthand about sensations from Siberia: it was at this institute that the DNA of the now famous "Denisov" man from a cave in Altai was studied.
German anthropologists confirmed the conclusions of colleagues about the age of the bone, and in addition, they found perfectly preserved DNA in it - the oldest at the moment. It took more than a year to assemble and read the genome. It turned out that the Ust-Ishim man has 2.5% of the Neanderthal genes - like, in fact, the modern inhabitants of Eurasia. It’s just that his fragments of these genes are longer, foreign DNA is not as widely spaced throughout the genome as ours. Hence the conclusion: the Ust-Ishim lived shortly after the crossing of a man with a Neanderthal, and it happened somewhere 50-60 thousand years ago, along the path of Homo sapiens from Africa to Siberia.
“Now it is clear that the history of the settlement of Asia was somewhat more complicated than previously thought,” emphasizes Yaroslav Kuzmin. - Coming out of Africa, some of our ancestors soon turned north - unlike those who settled in southern Asia. We also managed to find out the diet of the ancient Siberian. He was a hunter. His food was mainly hoofed animals - primitive bison, elk, wild horse, reindeer. But he also ate river fish.
“I think this man looked almost the same as you and me,” adds Alexei Bondarev. - Dress him, comb his hair, put him on the bus - no one will think that this is an ancestor who lived 45 thousand years ago. Well, except that the skin will be darker.
And most importantly, a man from Ust-Ishim turned out to be equally related to Europeans, and Asians, and even the inhabitants of the Andaman Islands - natives who hide from the outside world and do not want to make contact with civilization. They, according to anthropologists, belonged to an early wave of migration from Africa. This means that even if the Ust-Ishim did not leave direct descendants (scientists do not exclude this), Siberia can be safely called one of the cradles of mankind.
4. The appearance of the most ancient man in Kazakhstan
According to scientists, the first ancient people entered the territory of Kazakhstan from Europe, Asia and Siberia.
The life of the first people on the territory of Kazakhstan.
The oldest people appeared here about a million years ago - during the early Paleolithic period. Proof of this are the tools found in the valley of the Arystandy River in the Zhambyl region and in the spurs of the Karatau mountains in South Kazakhstan. Traces of the sites of the most ancient people were found on the Mangystau-Shakpakata peninsula, in South Kazakhstan - Shabakty, Kazangap, Tanirkazgan, etc. The first people who penetrated the territory of Kazakhstan were contemporaries of Pithecanthropus. Favorable natural conditions, an abundance of animals and plants gave the first people the opportunity to find their own food.
Although living in the neighborhood with large predatory animals was very difficult and dangerous. Protection from predatory animals, the joint obtaining of food led to the improvement of tools and weapons. The most ancient people for the manufacture of tools were looking for suitable stones. The stone was beaten, breaking off pieces from it, and thus a sharp jagged edge was obtained. They sharpened sticks, skinned and butchered the carcasses of dead animals. The inhabitants of the Karatau caves also knew how to make tools. It was made from pebble stones by processing and sharpening from two sides.It turned out a winding sharp blade.
Not too thick tree trunks were processed with such a tool.
On the territory of Kazakhstan, at the sites of ancient sites, such stone tools as axes, chisels, bifaces, knives, scrapers, as well as many different tips were found. The biface is a primitive stone tool worked on both sides. The tips were made from flakes, sometimes they were processed by retouching (sharpening of a stone blank by processing its edges with small teeth (like a saw). The scrapers were oblong, pointed and represented a long rectangle. They were also processed by retouching. Archaeologists find large stones processed on both sides - cores From them, people made scrapers, axes and other tools.More than 5,000 stone tools were found at the sites of Borikazgan, Shabakty in the Zhambyl region.
1. Tell us about the origin of man on Earth.
2. What tools did ancient people use? How were they used?
3. What is the name of the most ancient people in science?
4. What was nature like in ancient Kazakhstan? Compare the nature of ancient and modern Kazakhstan.
5. What was the name of the original team of ancient people? What do you think is the reason for creating such groups?
1. The first tools of labor the ancient man began to make from
A) bones
B) stone
C) bronze
D) iron
E) tree
2. The first person who appeared on the territory of Kazakhstan was a contemporary
A) Neanderthal
B) synanthropus
C) Pithecanthropus
D) Australopithecus
E) Cro-Magnon
3. The remains of himself ancient man were found in Kenya, scientists named it
A) "handy man"
B) "straight man"
C) "caveman"
D) "reasonable person"
4. The first people on the territory of Kazakhstan appeared in the period
A) Eneolithic
B) Mesolithic
C) early Paleolithic
D) Upper Paleolithic
E) Neolithic
5. The oldest people Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus in science received the name
A) "upright people"
B) "handy man"
C) "caveman"
D) "reasonable person"
E) man modern look
6. Pithecanthropus was one of the oldest people, its remains were first found in
A) England
B) Kenya
C) on the island of Java
D) America
E) Germany
The longest era in the history of mankind, the Paleolithic is divided into the early (lower) Paleolithic - 2.5 million -40 thousand years BC. ; Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian) - 140-40 thousand. BC.; Late (Upper) Paleolithic 40-12 thousand years BC
LOWER PALEOLITHIC- 2.5 million - 40 thousand years BC
Man was formed as a result of a long evolutionary development. Man made the first tools of labor from stone, so scientists call this period the "Stone Age".
The remains of the most ancient man were found in Africa, in Kenya; scientists called him "handy man", he lived 1 million 750 thousand years ago.
The first people on the territory of Kazakhstan appeared in the period of the early (lower) Paleolithic. In Kazakhstan, the most ancient finds of stone tools were found in South Kazakhstan, in the mountains of Karatau, in this region of the republic there are especially many sites of an ancient man dating back to the Paleolithic period. The oldest of the Stone Age sites - Shakpakaty in the Mangystau region and Arystandy in the Zhambyl region - belong to the Lower Paleolithic.
More than 5 thousand tools of the Paleolithic era. The first tool of labor of an ancient man made of stone is called an axe. Pebble stone, processed and sharpened on both sides, is called chopping. The first occupations of the ancient man were gathering and hunting.
A primitive association of people for joint defense and attack, as well as for hunting and gathering, was a primitive herd.
Pithecanthropus was one of the oldest people, its remains were first found on the island of Java. The first ancient people who penetrated the territory of Kazakhstan were contemporaries of Pithecanthropus.
MIDDLE PALEOLITH (MUSTIER) - 140-40 thousand years BC
In China, the remains of an ancient man, Sinanthropus, were found.
The oldest people Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus in science are called "upright people." A sharp cooling on Earth came about 100 thousand years ago. In the period of the Middle Paleolithic, a person learned to make fire, in the same period, caves became the first dwellings of ancient people.
An ancient man who lived in the Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian), scientists call Neanderthal, he lived 100-40 thousand years ago. The remains of a man of the Mousterian era - a Neanderthal, were first found in Germany. Remains of Neanderthals have also been found in 1938 Academician A.P. Okladnikov in Teshiktash cave.
LATE (UPPER) PALEOLITH- 40-12 thousand years BC
After the Neanderthals, about 35-40 thousand years ago, a “reasonable person” is being formed. For the first time, the remains of a "reasonable man" were discovered in France in the Cro-Magnon cave, and according to the location, scientists call him a Cro-Magnon. The formation of Homo sapiens occurs in the era of the Upper Paleolithic.
The ancient man from the animal world was distinguished, first of all, by the ability to make tools. The origin of religious ideas, the appearance of rock and cave paintings, scientists attribute to the era of the Upper Paleolithic.
A permanent group of relatives - a tribal community - appears during the formation of a "reasonable person". All members of the tribal community had equal rights, elders were elected at the general meeting. At the head of tribal associations were elected leaders
In northern Africa, anthropologists have found human remains that date back to 300,000 years old - much older than one might think.
Bones that belonged to the ancient Homo sapiens, as well as stone tools were found at the famous Paleolithic site of Jebel Irhoud, on the territory of modern Morocco. Excavations here began in the 1960s, and at first the finds were considered Neanderthal.
IN new job anthropologists from Morocco and Germany, the age of the Jebel Irkhud finds is already estimated at about 300 thousand years, and they have already been identified as belonging to Homo sapiens. This makes them the oldest known remains of our species: so far, the record has been held by those found in East Africa bones 195 thousand years old. It seems that the development and settlement of man did not go quite the way we imagined.
©Shannon McPherron, MPI EVA Leipzig
"Long before the resettlement Homo sapiens outside Africa [ 60–70 thousand years ago, - NS] began to spread across Africa itself,” says Jean-Jacques Hublin of the Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology of the Max Planck Society.
“The development of mankind involved populations that lived in vast regions of Africa, and began 100 thousand years earlier than thought.”
Description of 16 new finds in Jebel Irhud Hubley and his co-authors are given in an article published by the journal Nature. They were made in 2004-2011. and belonged to at least five people: three adults, a teenager and a child. Among the remains are parts of the skull, lower jaw, Part upper jaw, six teeth and several limb bones. Until now, North Africa has been overlooked by scientists concerned with the origin of our species, and it seems to be completely in vain.
©Sarah Freidline, MPI-EVA, Leipzig
Using data from computed tomography of fragments of the skull and lower jaw, scientists reconstructed it in the form of a 3D model, comparing it with the skulls various kinds Homo who lived from 1.8 million years ago - including H. erectus, Neanderthals and H. sapiens. The facial part of the skull, jaw and teeth turned out to be remarkably similar to ours, although slightly larger. This allowed anthropologists to conclude that the remains from Jebel Irhud belonged to H. sapiens.
On the other hand, the cranium itself, which contains the brain, is not exactly "sapient". In both the recently found skull and a pair of less preserved skulls found earlier in Jabal Irhud, it is slightly underestimated and elongated, resembling a more cranial box. early people, H. erectu s. This allowed Jean-Jacques Hubley and his co-authors to decide that by 300 thousand years ago, the key characteristics of the front part of our ancestors had already become quite modern, but the development of the brain was still ongoing.
©Philipp Gunz, MPI EVA Leipzig
In addition to bones, many stone flint tools were also found in Jebel Irkhud. 14 such samples were studied by Hubley's colleagues, led by Shannon McPherron, whose article was published in the same issue of the journal Nature. Dates made with various methods, gave similar results: 315(±34) ky and 286(±32) ky. This makes the finds of Jebel Irhud the oldest known site of representatives Homo sapiens.
Many tools bear traces of exposure to fire and are found in combination with masses of animal bones, usually gazelles. Technically, they resemble the Levallois industry of the Neanderthals of the Mousterian culture: these methods of stone processing are characterized by the preparation of core blanks and the pointed shape of the finished tool. All this creates a picture of a fully developed, “classical” Middle Paleolithic in Jebel Irhud.
©Mohammed Kamal, MPI EVA Leipzig
Found a new kind of ancient man
Scientists examined the found remains of an ancient man and found that this is a completely new, previously unknown species of man. 
Researchers from Australia examined the remains of people of the Stone Age. They were found back in the 70s and 80s of the last century in China, but until recently they remained unexplored. And it turns out that in vain, because these fossils have discovered a novelty in anthropology.
Thus, research began in the late 2000s. And the remains were found in 1979 near the village of Longling in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Prefecture, three more in 1989 in Maludon ("Red Deer Cave") in the Yunnan province neighboring the county.
Fragments of bones combine ancient and modern signs, it was a previously unknown type of people. Round skull, low brow ridges, the lower jaw protrudes strongly forward, and the face is small and flat with a wide nose. By these signs, one can already judge how close this face shape is similar to modern.
So, these people lived between 14,500 and 11,500 years.
And after research, this type of person became the “youngest” among the finds of Asia, because before that it was believed that it was Homo sapiens who colonized the continent.
Researcher Darren Curnow of the University of New South Wales Australia suggested that this person may be the descendant of a previously unknown species of people who were able to survive the Ice Age. Or another hypothesis of the same scientist is that this type of people may be a descendant of the “first wave of migration” from Africa, and much more ancient, as was commonly believed until now. The scientist also said that in this situation, researchers are trying to be especially careful to accurately identify these people. After all, the problem lies in the fact that so far, oddly enough, scientists do not have exact definition homo sapiens.
Therefore, from new research it can be concluded that the "red deer man", as he was nicknamed because of the object of his hunt, lived next to the ancient Chinese at the very time when agriculture was born in China.
The Bible, the Vedas and the myths of various peoples mention the race of giants who once inhabited our planet. In ancient legends it is said that these were Atlantean giants who relied on their physical strength and challenged higher beings or God. For which the heavens punished this race, wiping it off the face of the Earth. Many "grammatists" who wish to interpret sacred texts literally have been constantly looking for evidence for these quotations. From time to time, people came across huge vertebrae or fragments of other large remains. These findings gave food for speculation, as if these were giant skeletons of people.
The adherents of the extraterrestrial (alien) hypothesis also made their contribution. But the pseudo-scientific publications, from time to time posting articles about supposedly sensational discoveries, fueled the public's interest in the ancient giants even more. In order not to be considered unfounded, they also published pictures from the find site, which clearly show the skeletons of giant people. The photos showed the resting remains of a well-preserved giant, and next to him were small figures of archaeologists. Based on the average height of modern people, looking at such a picture, one can easily imagine the growth of the deceased - about 20 meters.
However, there is a strange trend. Despite the various regions in which giant human skeletons were allegedly found - India, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, Greece, South Africa, Portugal and Kenya - everything followed the same pattern. The remains were stumbled upon by chance, during geological exploration or when laying roads. Immediately, the military came to the excavation site, cordoned off the region and hid the find from the eyes of the general public. And because in the hands of scientists there was no other evidence, except for a picture taken from a helicopter.
At the same time, both articles and photos allegedly confirming the finds multiplied. The giants were either three meters, then eight, then a record 24. In addition, as if there were not enough photographs, clay tablets began to be found at the burial site - sometimes in Sanskrit, then in Arabic - that the giants belong to one or another mentioned in Vedas or Bible. The inscriptions, of course, were also confiscated by the evil military, for some reason interested in hiding the historical truth.
Finally, National Geographic in 2007 conducted its own investigation of one of the images. It turned out that the background for the excavations, during which giant human skeletons were found, was the archaeological expedition of Cornell University. However, in fact, in the town of Hyde Park, New York State, on September 16, 2000, scientists did not find the remains of an ancient giant, but fragments of the skeleton ... of a mastodon that lived 13 thousand years ago.
Soon the author of the "sensational picture" was also discovered. It turned out to be a certain Iron Kite. Moreover, this person did not want to mislead anyone at all. He simply submitted his photo montage to a graphic design competition run by one of the sites. Moreover, he even received an award there - third place. A variety of Photoshop masters took part in the competition, who presented their works to the jury - from frankly funny to such “almost serious” ones. In 2007 the National Geographic Society issued a statement that no remains of giants were found, that the giant skeletons of people are a myth and falsification of esotericists.
