Pulse- jerky vibrations of the walls of blood vessels resulting from the ejection of blood from the heart into vascular system. There are arterial, venous and capillary pulses. Of greatest practical importance is the arterial pulse, usually palpable in the wrist or neck.
Pulse measurement. The radial artery in the lower third of the forearm immediately before its articulation with the wrist joint lies superficially and can be easily pressed against radius. The muscles of the hand that determines the pulse should not be tense. Place two fingers on the artery and squeeze it with force until the blood flow completely stops; then the pressure on the artery is gradually reduced, assessing the frequency, rhythm and other properties of the pulse.
In healthy people, the pulse rate corresponds to the heart rate and is 60-90 beats per minute at rest. An increase in heart rate (more than 80 per minute in a lying position and 100 per minute in a standing position) is called tachycardia, a decrease (less than 60 per minute) is called bradycardia. The pulse rate at the correct heart rhythm is determined by counting the number of pulse beats in half a minute and multiplying the result by two; in case of cardiac arrhythmias, the number of pulse beats is counted for a whole minute. With some heart diseases, the pulse rate may be lower than the heart rate - pulse deficiency. In children, the pulse is more frequent than in adults; in girls, it is slightly more frequent than in boys. At night the pulse is lower than during the day. A rare pulse occurs with a number of heart diseases, poisoning, and also under the influence of medications.
Normally, the pulse quickens during physical stress and neuro-emotional reactions. Tachycardia is adaptive reaction the circulatory apparatus to the body’s increased need for oxygen, promoting increased blood supply to organs and tissues. However, the compensatory reaction of a trained heart (for example, in athletes) is expressed in an increase not so much in the pulse rate as in the strength of heart contractions, which is preferable for the body.
Pulse characteristics. Many diseases of the heart, glands internal secretion, nervous and mental illness, increased body temperature, poisoning are accompanied by increased heart rate. During palpation examination of the arterial pulse, its characteristics are based on determining the frequency of pulse beats and assessing such pulse qualities as rhythm, filling, tension, height, speed.
Pulse rate determined by counting pulse beats for at least half a minute, and if the rhythm is incorrect, within a minute.
Pulse rhythm assessed by the regularity of following one after another pulse waves, In healthy adults, pulse waves, like heart contractions, are observed at regular intervals, i.e. The pulse is rhythmic, but with deep breathing, as a rule, the pulse increases during inhalation and decreases during exhalation (respiratory arrhythmia). Irrhythmic pulse is also observed with various cardiac arrhythmias: pulse waves follow at irregular intervals.
Pulse filling determined by the sensation of pulse changes in the volume of the palpated artery. The degree of filling of the artery depends primarily on the stroke volume of the heart, although the distensibility of the arterial wall is also important (it is greater, the lower the tone of the artery
Pulse voltage determined by the amount of force that must be applied to completely compress the pulsating artery. To do this, the radial artery is compressed with one of the fingers of the palpating hand and, at the same time, the pulse is determined with another finger distally, recording its decrease or disappearance. There are tense or hard pulses and soft pulses. The degree of pulse tension depends on the level blood pressure.
Pulse height characterizes the amplitude pulse fluctuation arterial wall: it is directly proportional to the magnitude of the pulse pressure and inversely proportional to the degree of tonic tension of the arterial walls. With shock of various etiologies, the pulse value decreases sharply, the pulse wave is barely palpable. This pulse is called threadlike.
There are arterial, capillary and venous pulses.
Arterial pulse- these are rhythmic vibrations of the artery wall caused by the release of blood into the arterial system during one heartbeat. There are central (on the aorta, carotid arteries) and peripheral (on the radial, dorsal artery of the foot and some other arteries) pulse.
For diagnostic purposes, the pulse is determined in the temporal, femoral, brachial, popliteal, posterior tibial and other arteries.
More often, the pulse is examined in adults on the radial artery, which is located superficially between the styloid process of the radius and the tendon of the internal radial muscle.
When examining the arterial pulse, it is important to determine its quality: frequency, rhythm, filling, tension, and other characteristics. The nature of the pulse also depends on the elasticity of the artery wall.
Frequency – this is the number of wave pulses in 1 minute. Normal in an adult healthy person pulse 60-80 beats per minute. An increase in heart rate of 85-90 beats per minute is called tachycardia. A heart rate rate of less than 60 beats per minute is called bradycardia. The absence of a pulse is called asystole. When body temperature rises by 1 0 C, the pulse increases in adults by 8-10 beats per minute.
Rhythmpulse determined by the intervals between pulse waves. If they are the same - pulse rhythmic(correct), if different - pulse arrhythmic(wrong). In a healthy person, the heart contraction and pulse wave follow each other at regular intervals. If there is a difference between the number of heart contractions and pulse waves, then this condition is called pulse deficiency (with atrial fibrillation). The counting is carried out by two people: one counts the pulse, the other listens to the beats of the heart.
Magnitude– this is a property that consists of a joint assessment of filling and tension. It characterizes the amplitude of oscillations of the arterial wall, i.e., the height of the pulse wave. When the pulse is significant, it is called large or high; when it is small, it is called small or low. Normally, the value should be average.
Pulse filling determined by the height of the pulse wave and depends on the systolic volume of the heart. If the height is normal or increased, then it can be felt normal pulse(full); if not, then the pulse empty.
Pulse voltage depends on the value of blood pressure and is determined by the force that must be applied until the pulse disappears. At normal pressure the artery is compressed with a moderate increase, so the pulse is normal moderate(satisfactory) voltage. At high blood pressure the artery is compressed by strong pressure - this pulse is called tense.
It is important not to make a mistake, since the artery itself can be sclerotic (hardened). In this case, it is necessary to measure the pressure and verify the assumption that has arisen.
When the pressure is low, the artery is easily compressed, and the tension pulse is called soft (relaxed).
An empty, unstrained pulse is called small thread-like.
Pulse study data is recorded in two ways: digital - in medical documentation, magazines and graphically - in the temperature sheet with a red pencil in the “P” (pulse) column. It is important to determine the pressure price on the temperature sheet.
Research data in two ways: digital - in medical records, journals, and graphic – on the temperature sheet in red pencil in the “P” (pulse) column. It is important to determine the pressure price on the temperature sheet.
| Rhythm | Frequency | Magnitude | Symmetry | |
| Voltage | Filling | |||
| This is an alternation of pulse waves at certain time intervals. If the time intervals are the same, the pulse is rhythmic. If the time intervals are not the same, the pulse is not rhythmic. Violation heart rate It's called arrhythmia. | This is the number of wave pulses in 1 minute. Normally, a healthy adult has a pulse of 60-80 beats per minute. An increase in heart rate of 85-90 beats per minute is called tachycardia. A heart rate rate of less than 60 beats per minute is called bradycardia. The absence of a pulse is called asystole. | Pulse voltage depends on blood pressure and is determined by the force that must be applied until the pulse disappears. At normal pressure, the artery is compressed with a moderate increase, so the normal pulse is moderate (satisfactory) voltage. With high pressure, the artery is compressed by strong pressure - this pulse is called tense. When the pressure is low, the artery is easily compressed, and the tension pulse is called soft(relaxed). An empty, unstrained pulse is called small thread-like. | This is the filling of blood vessels. Pulse filling is determined by the height of the pulse wave and depends on the systolic volume of the heart. If the height is normal or increased, then a normal pulse is felt (full); if not, then the pulse is empty. | Normally, the quality of the pulse is symmetrical on the right and left sides of the body. |
Arterial pressure.
Arterial is the pressure that is formed in the arterial system of the body during contractions of the heart and depends on complex neurohumoral regulation, the magnitude and speed of cardiac output, the frequency and rhythm of heart contractions, as well as vascular tone.
There are systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Systolic is the pressure that occurs in the arteries at the moment of maximum rise of the pulse wave after ventricular systole.
Diastolic is called the pressure maintained in arterial vessels in ventricular diastole.
Pulse pressure represents the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure; measurement (study) of blood pressure is carried out by the indirect sound method, proposed in 1905 by the Russian surgeon N.G. Korotkov. Devices for measuring pressure have the following names: Riva-Rocci apparatus (mercury), or tonometer, sphygmomanometer (arrow), and nowadays electronic devices are more often used to determine blood pressure using a non-sound method.
To study blood pressure, it is important to consider the following factors:
§ the size of the cuff, which must correspond to the patient’s shoulder circumference: M - 130 (130 x 270 mm) - adult medium shoulder cuff, shoulder circumference is 23-33 cm. In small children and adults with a small or large shoulder circumference, blood pressure correction is carried out when using an adult cuff M - 130 (130 x x 270 mm) according to a special table or a device with a special cuff size. The length of the cuff chamber should correspond to 80% of the shoulder coverage in centimeters, and the width should correspond to about 40% of the length of the cuff chamber. A cuff with a smaller width overestimates, while a larger one underestimates pressure readings (Appendix 2);
§ Condition of the membrane and tubes of the phonendoscope (stethophonendoscope),
which may be damaged;
§ Serviceability of the pressure gauge, which requires regular verification at least once a year or at intervals specified in its technical characteristics.
Evaluation of results.
The results are assessed by comparing the obtained data with established standards (according to the technology for performing simple medical services, 2009)
Need to remember.
During the first visit, blood pressure is measured in both arms.
The multiplicity of measurements is observed. If the first two measurements differ from each other by no more than 5 mmHg. Art., measurements are stopped and the average value of these values is recorded.
If asymmetry is detected (more than 10 mm Hg for systolic and 5 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure, all subsequent measurements are taken on the arm with higher blood pressure values. If the first two measurements differ from each other by more than 5 mm Hg . Art., then a third measurement and (if necessary) a fourth measurement are carried out.
If a progressive decrease in blood pressure is observed with repeated measurements, then it is necessary to allow time for the patient to relax.
If multidirectional fluctuations in blood pressure are observed, then further measurements are stopped and the arithmetic mean of the last three measurements is determined (excluding the maximum and minimum blood pressure values).
Normally, blood pressure fluctuates depending on age, environmental conditions, nervous and physical stress during the waking period (sleep and rest).
Level classification
blood pressure (BP)
Normal for an adult systolic pressure ranges from 100-105 to 130-139 mm Hg. Art.; diastolic- from 60 to 89 mm Hg. Art., pulse pressure Normally it is 40-50 mm Hg. Art.
With various changes in health status, deviations from normal blood pressure levels are called arterial hypertension , or hypertension if the pressure is high. Decreased blood pressure - arterial hypotension , or hypotension.
The rhythm of the pulse is the intervals of pulse waves, and the rhythm of the heartbeat is the time interval of heart contractions. The heart performs its function through the sequential contraction and relaxation of muscle chambers. The coordinated activity of the departments of this organ is ensured by the sinoatrial node, consisting of pacemaker cells (pacemakers). They independently generate electrical impulses, causing contractions of parts of the heart in a certain order. Normally, signals are formed at relatively equal intervals of time.
Heartbeat rhythm
The rhythm of the heartbeat is an indicator characterizing the time intervals between cardiac cycles. It should not be confused with heart rate, that is, the total number of heartbeats per unit of time.
The rhythm of the heartbeat is the length of time from one heartbeat to the next.
To make it easier to understand the difference, I will give an example. In an adult, normal heart rate at rest usually does not go beyond 60-80 beats/min. But his heartbeat may be arrhythmic. That is, the time intervals between cardiac cycles can differ significantly from each other in duration.
Arrhythmic heartbeat does not always indicate pathology. The frequency of impulse generation in the sinus node can change in healthy people even without physical activity. You can verify this yourself by conducting a small test. To do this, you need to take a slow, deep breath in and out, while simultaneously monitoring your heart rate.
As you inhale, your heart rate increases, so the time intervals between heartbeats become shorter. During exhalation, heart rate decreases relatively quickly, therefore, the time from one heart beat to another is longer compared to inhalation. This phenomenon is called sinus respiratory arrhythmia. It is considered physiological norm, if the deviations between time intervals during inhalation/exhalation do not exceed 10%.
What determines the rhythm of the heartbeat? First of all, it depends on the state of the sinus node. If there are initial failures in his work, he will set the wrong rhythm. In healthy people, rhythm variability is directly dependent on the degree of training. The rhythm also changes under the influence of vegetative nervous system(VNS), responsible for regulating unconscious body functions. Rhythm lability, caused by a temporary disorder in the activity of the ANS, is especially often observed in adolescents and usually disappears by 15-16 years.
Pulse is a jerky oscillation of the artery wall associated with a change in the degree of its blood filling as a result of heart contractions.
This parameter has 6 properties. Among them:
- Rhythm;
- Voltage;
- Magnitude;
- Form.
It is difficult for a person who does not have a medical education to reliably characterize all 6 indicators. When playing sports, when monitoring the results of treatment (for example, after taking antiarrhythmic drugs) it is enough for him to have the skills to assess the frequency and rhythm of the pulse.
Pulse rhythm is a value that characterizes the time intervals from one pulse wave to another.
The rhythm of the pulse is assessed by palpation (finger pressure) of the arteries. The pulse can be rhythmic (pulsus regularis) and arrhythmic (pulsus irregularis). In the first case, the intervals between pulse waves are equal. The second situation occurs when the intervals are different from each other.
Normally, the rhythm of the pulse usually coincides with the rhythm of the heartbeat, but these are two different indicators that should not be confused. Why? Not every heartbeat leads to the formation of a noticeable pulse wave in the peripheral arteries. This can be observed, for example, in the tachysystolic form of atrial fibrillation (chaotic contractile activity of the atria). Heart contractions will be frequent, but not always sufficient to cause a noticeable pulse impulse under the fingers. At such a moment, a person will feel an extended pause between pulse beats.
The rhythm of the pulse helps to suspect certain heart diseases in time. It is advisable to explore it regardless of subjective feelings. Why? Because not every arrhythmia causes discomfort in a person. For example, some patients do not feel atrial fibrillation, which can lead to blood clots if left untreated.
Pulse rate – important indicator in assessing heart function. Its determination is a component in the diagnosis of arrhythmia and other diseases, sometimes quite serious. This publication discusses methods for measuring pulse, norms by age in adults and children, and factors influencing its change.
What is pulse?
Pulse is a fluctuation vascular walls which occur as a result of contractions of the heart muscles. This indicator allows you to evaluate not only the strength and rhythm of the heartbeat, but also the condition of the blood vessels.
In a healthy person, the intervals between pulsations should be the same, but the unevenness of heartbeats is regarded as a symptom of disorders in the body - this can be either a heart pathology or another disease, for example, a malfunction of the endocrine glands.
Pulse is measured by the number of pulse waves, or beats, per minute and has certain values - in adults it is from 60 to 90 at rest. The pulse rate in children is slightly different (the indicators are presented in the table below).
The pulse is measured by the beats of pulsating blood in the radial artery, usually at the wrist with inside, since the vessel in this place is located closest to the skin. For greatest accuracy, the indicators are recorded on both hands.
If there are no rhythm disturbances, then it is enough to count the pulse for 30 seconds and multiply it by two. If the heart beats are irregular, then it is more advisable to count the number of pulse waves in a whole minute.
In more rare cases, counting is carried out in places where other arteries pass - brachial, femoral, subclavian. You can measure your pulse by placing your fingers on your neck where it passes carotid artery or to the temple.
If a thorough diagnosis is necessary, for example, if serious diseases are suspected, then other examinations are performed to measure the pulse - Voltaire mount (counting per day), ECG.
The so-called treadmill test is also used, when the work of the heart and blood pulsation are recorded by an electrocardiograph while the patient moves on a treadmill. This test also shows how quickly the functioning of the heart and blood vessels returns to normal after physical activity.
What affects heart rate values?
If the normal heart rate in women and men at rest remains within the range of 60-90, then for many reasons it may temporarily increase or acquire slightly increased constant values.
This is affected by age, physical activity, food intake, changes in body position, temperature and other environmental factors, stress, and the release of hormones into the blood. The number of pulse waves occurring per minute always depends on the number of heart contractions (abbr. HR) during the same time.
Typically, the normal pulse rate in men is 5-8 beats lower than in women (60-70 per minute). Vary normal indicators in children and adults, for example, in a newborn child, a pulse of 140 beats is considered normal, but for an adult this is tachycardia, which can be either temporary functional state, and a sign of heart disease or other organs. Heart rate also depends on daily biorhythms and is highest between 15:00 and 20:00.
Heart rate table by age for women and men
| Age | Pulse min-max | Average value | Normal blood pressure (systol./diastol.) | |
| Women | Men | |||
| 0-1 month | 110-170 | 140 | 60-80/40-50 | |
| From 1 month up to a year | 102-162 | 132 | 100/50-60 | |
| 1-2 years | 94-155 | 124 | 100-110/60-70 | |
| 4-6 | 86-126 | 106 | ||
| 6-8 | 78-118 | 98 | 110-120/60-80 | |
| 8-10 | 68-108 | 88 | ||
| 10-12 | 60-100 | 80 | 110-120/70-80 | |
| 12-15 | 55-95 | 75 | ||
| Adults under 50 years old | 60-80 | 70 | 116-137/70-85 | 123-135/76-83 |
| 50-60 | 65-85 | 75 | 140/80 | 142/85 |
| 60-80 | 70-90 | 80 | 144-159/85 | 142/80-85 |
The table of blood pressure and heart rate norms by age shows values for healthy people at rest. Any changes in the body can provoke a deviation of the heart rate from these indicators in one direction or another.
For example, women experience physiological tachycardia and a slight increase in blood pressure, which is associated with changes in hormonal levels.
When is your heart rate high?
With absence pathological changes, affecting the heart rate, the pulse can increase under the influence of physical activity, be it intense work or sports. The following factors can also increase it:
- stress, emotional impact;
- overwork;
- hot weather, stuffy indoors;
- strong painful sensations.
With a functional increase in pulse there is no shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches or chest pain, does not darken the eyes, the heartbeat remains within the maximum normal range and returns to its normal value within 5-7 minutes after cessation of exposure.
Pathological tachycardia is spoken of if there is any disease, for example:
- pathologies of the heart and blood vessels (for example, rapid pulse in hypertensive patients, people with coronary artery disease);
- arrhythmia;
- nervous pathologies;
- heart defects;
- presence of tumors;
- infectious diseases, fever;
- hormonal disorders;
- anemia;
- (menorrhagia).
A slight increase in the number of pulse waves is observed in pregnant women. In children functional tachycardia is the norm, observed during active games, sports and other activities and allows the heart to adapt to changing conditions.
An increase in heart rate, and therefore a high pulse, is observed in adolescents with. During this period, it is important to pay close attention to any changes - chest pain, the slightest shortness of breath, dizziness and other symptoms are a reason to show the child to the doctor, especially if there are diagnosed heart diseases.
What is bradycardia?
If tachycardia is an increase in heart rate, then bradycardia is its low levels compared to the norm (less than 60 pulsations per minute). Depending on the causes, it can be functional or pathological.
In the first case, the pulse is reduced during sleep and in trained people - among professional athletes, even 40 beats are considered as the norm. For example, for cyclist Lance Armstrong it is in the range of 35-38 pulsations.
A decrease in heart rate can also be a manifestation of heart and vascular diseases - heart attack, age-related pathological changes, inflammation of the heart muscle. This is cardiac bradycardia, caused in most cases by a disturbance in the conduction of impulses between the nodes of the heart. In this case, the tissues are poorly supplied with blood, and oxygen starvation develops.
Associated symptoms may include weakness, dizziness, fainting, cold sweat, and blood pressure instability.
Bradycardia also develops as a result of hypothyroidism, gastric ulcers, myxedema, with increased intracranial pressure. Bradycardia of less than 40 beats is considered severe; this condition often causes the development of heart failure.
If the beat rate is reduced and no cause is found, then the bradycardia is called idiopathic. There are also dosage form this disorder, when the pulse decreases after taking pharmacological drugs, for example, Diazepam, Phenobarbital, Anaprilin, tincture of valerian or motherwort.
With age, the heart and blood vessels wear out, become weaker, and pulse deviations from the norm are diagnosed in many people after 45-50 years. Often this is not only physiological feature, but also a symptom of serious changes in the functioning of organs. Therefore, during this age period, it is especially important to regularly visit a cardiologist and other specialists to monitor and treat existing diseases and timely identify new health problems.
Pulse rate is one of the main indicators by which one can draw a conclusion about the level of health and fitness of the body without preliminary diagnosis. To find out for yourself whether you are at risk, you should look at the table of a person’s normal heart rate by year and age.
At its core, the pulse represents slight vibrations of the vascular walls, which are driven by the work of the heart (i.e., rhythmic contractions of the myocardial muscles).
Ideally, the intervals between pulsations are equal, and the average values at rest do not reach the upper limits. When the heart rate (HR) is disturbed, this gives reason to think about problems in the body and the presence of a serious disease.
Finger method
Vibrations of the heart muscle are usually measured by palpation using arterial beats. Basically, they use the radial one, which is located on the inside of the wrist. It is at this point that the vessel can be better palpated, since it is located as close as possible to the surface of the skin.
- If no rhythm disturbances are detected, the pulse is measured for half a minute, and the result is multiplied by 2.
- If fluctuations or irregularity are observed, the beats are counted for one minute.
- To obtain the most accurate indicator, the pulse is measured on both hands at the same time.
In some cases, heartbeats are counted in places where other arteries are located. For example, on the chest, neck, thigh, upper arm. In young children, the pulse is measured mainly on the temporal part, since it is not always possible to feel the beats on the hand.
Hardware methods
- In addition to the finger method, you can also use special devices, for example, a heart rate monitor (chest, wrist) or an automatic blood pressure monitor. Although the latter device is more suitable for determining blood pressure.
- If a person is suspected of any disturbances in the functioning of the heart, the pulse is measured using special methods And medical equipment(ECG or 24-hour (Holter) monitoring).
- In particular difficult cases The treadmill test is used. A person's heart rate is measured using an electrocardiograph during physical activity. This method helps to see hidden problems at the earliest stages of the disease, as well as make a prognosis about the condition. of cardio-vascular system in future.
But even the most advanced methods will not give an accurate result if the pulse is measured incorrectly.
So, you cannot take measurements after the following actions:
- sudden change in body position (stand up, lie down);
- physical activity, as well as after sexual intercourse;
- emotional tension, stress;
- psychological experiences, including fear or anxiety;
- reception medicines, alcohol;
- visiting a sauna, bathhouse, taking a bath;
- hypothermia.
Table: normal human pulse by year and age
It is customary to distinguish the upper and lower boundaries of the pulse. If the heart rate exceeds the first indicator, this condition is called tachycardia. It may be short-term and not cause concern, as with intense physical activity or feeling of fear. Prolonged tachycardia occurs when a person has disorders of the cardiovascular or endocrine systems.
If the pulse is below normal, this is also considered a deviation. This condition is called bradycardia. It can be caused by congenital heart problems, medications, reactions to infectious diseases and even poor nutrition. Fortunately, all of these conditions can be treated full treatment or corrections.
To determine your own heart muscle contraction rates, you need to use the table below.
| Person's age, years | Minimum value | Maximum value |
|---|---|---|
| baby up to a month | 110 | 170 |
| from 1 month to 1 year | 100 | 160 |
| 1 – 2 | 95 | 155 |
| 3 – 5 | 85 | 125 |
| 6 – 8 | 75 | 120 |
| 9 – 11 | 73 | 110 |
| 12 – 15 | 70 | 105 |
| before 18 | 65 | 100 |
| 19 – 40 | 60 | 93 |
| 41 – 60 | 60 | 90 |
| 61 – 80 | 64 | 86 |
| after 80 | 69 | 93 |
What should the heart rate be in a healthy adult?
Heart rate depends on many factors and circumstances: age, level of physical activity, hormonal levels, surrounding air temperature, body position, fatigue, pain, etc.
At rest
Those numbers that are called normal are the pulse in a relaxed, calm state. For adults who lack serious illnesses, this number is in the range from 60 to 85 beats/min. In exceptional situations, deviation from the “golden mean” is allowed, which is also considered the norm. For example, athletes or very trained people may have a heart rate of only 50, while young energetic women will have a heart rate as high as 90.
Normal heart rate during training
Because the physical exercise have varying degrees intensity, then it is necessary to calculate the normal pulse in an adult during training, taking into account individual characteristics and type of load.
With little physical activity, heart rate calculation will look like this.
- The maximum heart rate is calculated using the formula 220 minus age (i.e. for a 32-year-old person this figure is 220 - 32 = 188).
- Minimum heart rate is half of the previous number (188/2=94)
- The average rate during exercise is 70% of the maximum heart rate (188*0.7=132).
With intense or high activity (running, cardio, active group games), the calculation will be slightly different. The upper limit of the heart rate is calculated in the same way, but the next two indicators are calculated differently.
- The lower limit is 70% of the maximum (132 beats per minute).
- Average heart rate should not exceed 85% of upper limit (188*0,85=160).
If we summarize all the calculations, then the normal heart rate of a healthy person during adequate physical activity should not go beyond 50-85% of the upper limit of the heart rate.
When walking
The average heart rate at a normal pace of movement is 110–120 beats per minute for women, and around 100–105 beats for men. This statement is true for people of the middle age category, i.e. from 25 to 50 years old.
However, if the pace is quite agile (more than 4 km per hour), walking is carried out with weights, on an uneven surface or uphill, then the heart rate will increase.
In any case, if during movement a person does not experience signs of shortness of breath, dizziness, fog, severe weakness, pounding in the ears and other unpleasant symptoms, then any pulse, even 140 beats, will be considered normal.
Normal heart rate during sleep
During the rest period, a person’s heart rate can decrease by 8–12% of normal during wakefulness. For this reason, for men the average heart rate is 60 - 70 beats, and for women - 65 - 75.
It also happens that the heart rate, on the contrary, increases. This happens when the body is in the active sleep phase. It is during this period that a person can see dreams and nightmares.
By the way, an emotional experience in a dream can affect the heart. At the same time, not only the pulse increases, but also the pressure. If a person is suddenly awakened, he will most likely feel discomfort. This condition goes away on its own within 1 to 5 minutes.
Normal heart rate during pregnancy
In expectant mothers, the heart rate increases slightly. This is due to the fact that the vessels and heart of a pregnant woman circulate blood not only for themselves, but also for the fetus. In this case, the baby’s pressure on surrounding tissues causes vasospasm, and this also leads to a large load on the heart muscle.
One should not discount the hormonal changes that are inherent in all women during this period. Therefore, the normal heart rate during gestation is considered to be 100–115 beats per minute. And on later During pregnancy, especially before childbirth, even severe tachycardia may occur, which does not require treatment.
