Practical developments in preparing students for passing the OGE in Geography
A message from experience
prepared the work
geography teacher
MBOU "Secondary School No. 10"
Latina O.P.
for discussion on
regional seminar of the Moscow Region
geography teachers
Examination work in geography in the form of State Examination allows you to assess the quality of general education training in the subject with a sufficient degree of objectivity.
The content of the examination work is determined on the basis of the Federal component of the state standard of the main general education in accordance with the requirements for the level of preparation of students.
It tests the ability to analyze and summarize geographic information, correlate knowledge and skills from various school geography courses with life experience, and apply the geographical knowledge and skills acquired at school in practical activities.
I begin my work in preparation for the OGE by introducing students to the specification and codifier of CMM. Then students complete the input work (usually a trial version of the OGE)
This work makes it possible to determine the student’s level of knowledge. Understand what the student can do, what gaps in knowledge there are, and what tasks to pay special attention to.
I enter the results into the student’s individual record.
Then I develop an individual preparation plan for each student, where I reflect gaps in knowledge on topics, indicate the sections that need to be repeated by the student, and then on this topic I offer the student to solve a series of tests to consolidate this topic. (I do this work both in class and during consultations, and give practice tests to take home.)
“The map is the alpha and omega of geography,” said N. Baransky, a classic of Russian geographical science. Therefore, it is necessary that students know the map very well. Moreover, at the OGE in Geography it is allowed to use atlases of grades 7, 8, 9. Therefore, in preparation, I give training tasks that require the ability to use several cards at the same time using the “overlay method”. To consolidate knowledge, I also use contour maps (for example, countries that are 1st order neighbors) (No. 2).
For some topics, for example, “Topographic map” (No. 18,19,20), “Synoptic map” (No. 10) I use step by step instructions.
Task: Find all the cities where there is a cyclone (anticyclone)
Passage of warm and cold fronts. Warm front - warming, cold front - cooling. Assignment: find all the cities where warming (or cooling) is expected.
“Topographic map” (No. 18,19,20)
1. Take a ruler and measure the distance in a straight line from A to B - 10 cm.
2. It is known that 1 cm on the map is 100 m in reality. This means that to find the distance you need 100 m * per 10 cm = 1000 m or 1 km. Answer: 1 km.
The CMM assignments contain questions that can be practiced in 9th grade lessons. This is important because some students choose geography almost at the last moment and have very little time to prepare for the OGE. What can be worked on in lessons: 1. Coordinates (for example, determine the coordinates of cities of Federal significance) (No. 17) 2. Placement factors industrial enterprises. (№23,№5)
3.Cyclones, Anticyclones.
(when studying the nature of individual areas). (No. 10, No. 11)
| Task | Cards | Algorithm of actions |
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| Determination of the main occupations of the population | Peoples of Russia Natural areas of Russia | 1.What conditions are necessary for the given activities? 2. Determine the area where the peoples live 3. In what natural zone is the area located? Does it have the necessary conditions? |
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| Dynamics of population indicators | Job Data | 1. Find the time period in the table or graph in accordance with the task 2. Find the rows (columns or graph points) of that indicator, dynamics which needs to be traced 3. Answer the question |
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| Calculation of population indicators (natural and migration growth, population density, etc.) | Job Data | 1. Remember the calculation formulas: ABOUT pr = E pr + M pr E pr = R – S M pr = Im – Em Density = Population/S(area) Find the required data in the table Substitute into formula CAREFULLY perform the calculations |
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| Population of cities (millionaire cities) | Population density of Russia | Recall the list of (11) millionaire cities |
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4. Relief, natural phenomena. (when studying the nature of individual areas). (No. 14, No. 15, No. 4, No. 24)
5. Millionaire cities (when studying the composition of districts) (No. 16)
For students to work independently on trial options I offer instructions-algorithms. For example,
Algorithm for solving standard state test tasks
Topic “Population of Russia”
“Climate of Russia and the world”
| Task | Cards | Algorithm of actions |
|
| Reading a synoptic map, determining the coverage area atmospheric vortices | Job Data | 1. Consider a fragment of the map and its symbols. 2. Find concentric circles – zones of cyclone action (low pressure) and anticyclones (high pressure) 3. Find cities located in their coverage area 4. In accordance with the terms of the assignment determine the desired city |
|
| Reading a synoptic map, diagnosing weather changes | Job Data | 1.According to the task, determine what changes are predicted (cooling or warming) 2. Find on the map, in accordance with the task, a cold or warm front and the direction of its movement 3. Find on the map the cities (answer options) located on the path of the front movement |
|
| Reading a climatogram | Map of climate zones of the world | 1. Determine by climate: temperature max and min, estimate the amplitude of temperatures, annual amount of precipitation, mode of precipitation. 2. Determine the hemisphere on the map based on the temperature change (discard two incorrect answers) 3. Based on the amplitude, amount of precipitation and its regime, determine the correct answer (remember the factors of climate formation and continentality) 4. Find a point on the belt map and check your reasoning. Select an answer. |
Structure earth's crust and processes occurring in it and in other shells of the Earth, relief
| Task | Cards | Algorithm of actions |
|
| Establishing cause and effect connections between phenomena | Maps of the structure of the earth's crust (or other) | 1. Read the text for the assignment carefully 2. Identify the phenomenon you are talking about speech, remember its causes and places of distribution 3. Find on the map the object mentioned in the task 4. Correlate your knowledge of the causes of the phenomenon and the map data. 5. Build a chain of cause-and-effect relationships (structure of lithic plates - tectonic structure - their external manifestation) |
|
| Determination of distribution areas this phenomenon | The same political map peace | 1. Using the main map, determine the area of manifestation of the processes described in the text of the task 2. Find these areas on the political map of the world. 3. Select the country that is located in this area |
|
| Reading terrain on a map | Physical card | 1. Find the cities indicated in the task 2. Using the color and scale of heights and depths, determine the height at which they are located 3. Write down the city and its height in a draft 4. Arrange the answers in the order given by the task |
"Terrain Plan"
| Task | Algorithm of actions |
|
| Determining distances according to plan | Find the given points on the map. Using a ruler, measure the distance, rounding to the nearest tenth (in cm) Find the named scale on the plan In accordance with the scale, convert the resulting distance to meters (or km) Write down your result |
|
| Determining directions according to the plan | Find your starting point and destination on the plan From the starting point, draw a ray - direction north Connect origin and destination points Determine the direction specified by the conditions of the problem (considering that west is on the left) |
|
| 1. Determine the purpose of the site based on the conditions of the task 2.Make a list necessary conditions(features of relief, vegetation, lighting, etc.) 3. Carefully consider each proposed site option, assessing their conditions. 4. Draw a conclusion indicating your choice. Justify it. |
||
| Selecting a terrain profile based on a plan segment | 1. Connect the points of the segment on the plan. 2. Determine the absolute height of point A and point B from the plan 3. Check the correspondence of the heights of these points on each of the proposed profile options. 4. Carefully examine the horizontal lines passing through the profile segment. Determine how the nature of the surface changes (decreases - increases - flat) Identify smooth and steep slopes. 5. Correlate each section of the segment with profile options, gradually rejecting unnecessary options 6. Make your final choice. Double-check your answer. |
"Geographical coordinates"
| Task | Algorithm of actions |
|
| Determination by geographic coordinates | 1. By the name of longitude (eastern or western), determine the desired hemisphere 2. By the name of the latitude (north or south), determine the desired hemisphere (quarter). 3. Find the parallel on which the object lies 4. Choose more large map(world, mainland, Russia) 5. Find the meridian on which the object lies 6. Draw simultaneously along the parallel and meridian lines to the point of their intersection. Find the object. |
"Factors of industrial production location"
Tasks 23 and 22
JSC Tula Combine Harvester Plant is one of the largest agricultural engineering enterprises in Russia. The basis of modern production specialization consist of: a complex of grain harvesting equipment, complexes of forage harvesting equipment for the preparation of silage, haylage and hay. All designs
models of agricultural machines are designed taking into account modern technologies.
Task 22 Maps of which geographic area should be used to determine the location of Tula?
1) European North
3) Central Russia
4) North-West Russia
Task 23
How can you explain the location of combine production in Tula? Give two reasons. Write down your reasoned answer on a separate sheet or form, first indicating the task number.
Task 22 usually does not cause any difficulties. IN in this case, knowledge of the composition of the economic regions of the country is tested. If a student doubts the correctness of the answer, then he has the opportunity to check his version of the answer using the atlas (since 2009, it is allowed to use atlases of grades 7, 8, 9 during the exam).
Task 23. The main material that the student should know is knowledge of the factors of location of Russian industries. For each production, the set of factors will be different. A complete, logical, coherent explanation is the main thing in this answer. For correct completion of this open-ended task, the student receives 2 points.
Mistakes made by students:
1) Lists all the factors that the student knows
2) The student names the factor and does not give an explanation (Example answer: The placement is influenced by the raw material factor)
3) The student names only one factor, but the task asks him to name two reasons. In this case, the student will receive only one point for the correct answer.
Sequence (algorithm) of actions,
1. Ask yourself the question: “What products does the described enterprise produce?”
2. What conditions are necessary for the release of this product? (raw materials, fuel, energy, water, transport, work force etc.) What are the technical and economic features of the production of these products? (material intensity, energy intensity, labor intensity, use of waste from other industries as raw materials, water intensity, etc.)
3. What are the features of the final products? (compact size, large dimensions, short shelf life, etc.)
4. What factors (reasons) influence the location of such industries.
5. Compare these reasons with the conditions existing in the economic region specified in the task. To do this, use the map of the economic region in the atlas. In some variants of work, a map diagram is offered directly in the task.
Let's see how this diagram applies to the task above. So:
If your knowledge of industrial production location factors fails you, we recommend the following table:
Factors of location of some branches of industrial production
| Technical and economic features of production and features of finished products that affect placement | Leading factors of production location. |
|
| Ferrous metallurgy Peredelnaya metallurgy | High material consumption of production (high costs of raw materials and fuel for the production of one unit of finished product) It uses scrap metal as raw materials. | The raw material factor is the attraction to places of extraction of raw materials (iron ore), the Fuel factor is the attraction to places of coal extraction. Placement at the intersection of raw material and fuel flows. The raw material factor is the attraction to areas with a high concentration of industrial production and transport routes, i.e. to areas where available a large number of scrap metal |
| Non-ferrous metallurgy Metallurgy of heavy metals Metallurgy of light metals | High material consumption of production (high costs of raw materials and for the production of one unit of finished products), costs raw materials are much higher than in ferrous metallurgy. High energy intensity | Raw material factor – attraction to places of extraction of raw materials (non-ferrous metal ores) Raw material |
| Heavy engineering Produces equipment for other industries, for example: Energy Metallurgical Chemical Production of mining equipment Production of road construction equipment | Transportation of products is associated with high costs | Raw materials - attraction to metallurgical enterprises Consumer factor - attraction to the consumer of finished products (for example, to mining areas, to areas with a high concentration of electric power enterprises, etc.) |
| Complex and precision engineering (instrument making, radio engineering and electronic engineering, computer manufacturing | Labor intensity Science intensity | Labor - attraction to areas of population concentration The scientific factor is a gravitation towards regions and centers with scientific base (large research institutes, design bureaus, etc.) |
| Agricultural engineering | Agricultural The equipment is quite bulky, which means that transportation costs for its transportation will be very high. Material intensity – high metal costs per unit of production | Consumer factor – attraction to the consumer of finished products, i.e. to agricultural areas Raw materials factor – attraction to metallurgical enterprises |
| Pulp and paper industry | Water intensity – high water consumption in production High energy intensity – high energy costs | Water factor – attraction to fresh water sources (rivers, lakes, reservoirs) Energy factor - attraction to sources of cheap electricity (hydroelectric power plants) |
| Production of mineral fertilizers (nitrogen) | Waste from coke production, natural gas, oil, etc. can be used as raw materials. | Quite free accommodation The factor of combining production is a tendency towards coke-chemical production Transport factor - attraction to pipeline lines Raw material - attraction to places of extraction or processing of oil and gas raw materials. |
| Electric power industry thermal hydropower | The cost of electricity is included in the cost of any product. Electricity determines the development of scientific and technological revolution. Uses peat, shale, brown coal as fuel Uses as fuels natural gas, fuel oil) built on rivers with a large fall and flow of water low material consumption - 1 kg of nuclear fuel releases the same amount of energy as generated by burning 3000 tons of coal. | For all types of power plants, the leading factor when locating is consumer - the attraction to the consumer of the product (population and production) fuel - attraction to fuel production areas consumer – attraction to the consumer natural resource factor consumer factor |
| Food industry(sugar) | Raw materials have a limited shelf life and a large amount of waste | Raw material factor - attraction to areas where raw materials are grown (in our country this is sugar beets) |
| Food industry (confectionery, bakery) | Finished products has a limited shelf life, raw materials (flour, sugar, etc.) can be transported over long distances | Consumer – attraction to the consumer of the product |
ATTENTION! Students often misunderstand the expression mining equipment (mining equipment), meaning equipment for working in the mountains and write in their answers that this industry has developed because There are mountains in this area. Mining equipment is intended for productionrocks, those. mineral, which can be mined not only in mountainous areas.
Assignments No. 29 on the topic “Earth - planet” solar system»
When solving these problems, it is necessary to take into account two movements of the Earth: around the Sun and around its axis. Let's look at the features of each of them:
When the Earth moves around the sun there is a change in the seasons of the year and a change in the length of the day and the height of the Sun above the horizon throughout the year. The main reason is the tilt of the Earth's axis by 66.5 0 and, as a result, a change in the poles of illumination. It is necessary to remember several significant dates and their characteristics:
22nd of June – summer solstice day– The sun is at its zenith (at an angle of 90 0) over the northern tropic (23.5 0 N), from the North Pole to the Arctic Circle (66.5 0 N) – polar day, therefore, from the south pole to the southern polar circle (66.5 0 S) polar night. Pattern: duration
21 December– winter solstice - and everything is the other way around: the Sun is at its zenith over the southern tropic, in the northern hemisphere there is a polar night, and in the southern hemisphere there is a polar day...
March 21 and September 23– days of the spring and autumn equinoxes– The sun is at its zenith above the equator and the length of day and night is equal at all latitudes.
Daylight hours increase from the Arctic Circle to the Arctic Circle and at the same time decrease to the Antarctic Circle.
This manual is intended to prepare 9th grade students for the state final certification - the main state exam(OGE) in geography. The publication includes standard tasks on all content lines of the examination work, as well as sample options in OGE format 2017.
The manual will help schoolchildren test their knowledge and skills in the subject, and teachers - assess the degree to which individual students have achieved the requirements of educational standards and ensure their targeted preparation for the exam.
Examples.
The world's tallest waterfall is on the mainland
1) Africa
2) Eurasia
3) North America
4) South America
In terms of reserves of which of the listed minerals does Russia rank first in the world?
1) iron ore
2) oil
3) coal
4) gold
The deepest river in the world is
1) Amazon
2) Congo
3) Mississippi
4) Neil
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PREPARATION FOR THE OGE
TRAINING THEMATIC TASKS
Task 1. The most important geographical facts
Task 2. Features geographical location Russia
Task 3. Nature of Russia
Task 4. Elemental natural phenomena. Geoecological problems
Task 5. Russian economy
Task 6. Cultural and everyday characteristics of the peoples of Russia. Reserves
Task 7. Population distribution by regions of Russia
Tasks 8 and 9. Analysis of geographic information
Tasks 10 and 11. Weather maps
Task 12. Ecological problems. Protection of Nature
Task 13. Basic geographical concepts and terms
Task 14. Determining the geographic coordinates of an object
Task 15. Explanation of the features of geographical objects and phenomena
Task 16. Calculation of quantitative indicators characterizing geographical features and phenomena
Task 17. Largest cities Russia
Tasks 18-21. Topographic plans and area maps
Tasks 22 and 23. Selecting sources of geographic information. Explanation of the location of economic sectors
Task 24. Geological structure of the territory
Task 25. Natural and economic features of Russian regions
Task 26. Solving time difference problems
Task 27. Analysis of climatograms
Tasks 28 and 29. Identification of geographical dependencies and patterns. Geographical consequences of the Earth's movement
Task 30. Identification of geographical objects by brief description
SAMPLE OPTIONS for the OGE 2017
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
Option 5
ANSWERS
ANSWERS TO TRAINING THEMATIC TASKS
ANSWERS TO OPTIONS.
Free download e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book OGE, Geography, A set of materials for preparing students, Barabanov V.V., 2017 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.
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Repetition for the OGE in Geography 2
| Parameter name | Meaning |
| Article topic: | Repetition for the OGE in Geography 2 |
| Rubric (thematic category) | Geography |
1. Often in tasks a synoptic map is given and from it you need to determine which city is located in a cyclone, anticyclone, warm or cold front.
Let's remember cyclone- ϶ᴛᴏ atmospheric vortex with low pressure in the center (H), it lasts about a week, in the summer it rains, just warm, not hot weather; in winter there is thaw and slush; anticyclone– atmospheric vortex with high pressure in the center (B), in summer the weather is hot, without precipitation, in winter it is clear, frosty and without precipitation. Atmospheric front– the transition zone between a cyclone and an anticyclone, indicated by a curved line with semicircles (warm) or triangles on it (cold). A warm front brings warming, goes from the cyclone towards the anticyclone, and a cold front brings cooling, goes from the anticyclone to the cyclone (usually). Fronts have variable weather with precipitation. When analyzing a synoptic map, you also need to pay attention to the winds, indicated by arrows and their direction.
Assignment: what kind of vortex is Moscow in? Which front is coming to Turkey?
2. Remember the definitions:
weather - the state of the lower layer of the atmosphere at a given time and place;
climate - annually recurring types of weather characteristic of a given area. Climatic zone is a territory (geographical zone) with the same temperatures and precipitation across the seasons.
Within climatic zones (long ones), climatic zones can be distinguished that differ slightly in temperature and quite strongly in precipitation, for example: marine type, continental type, sharply continental type, monsoon type, desert type, etc.
Climate zones change from the equator mirrored, have curved boundaries, because they sometimes fall on territories washed by the sea, sometimes far from the seas without sediment, sometimes in flat areas, sometimes in mountainous areas.
Below is the change of zones from the North Pole to the South Pole, you need to remember in that and reverse order.
· Arctic
Subarctic
· Moderate
Subtropical
· Tropical
Subequatorial
· Equatorial
Subequatorial
· Tropical
Subtropical
· Moderate
Subantarctic
· 
Antarctic
There are 13 belts in total, seven are main (have their own air masses), six are with the prefix “sub” - transitional, the masses arrive there according to the seasons of the year: in our summer they come from the southern belts, in our winter they descend from the north.
Air masses– large volumes of air, characterized by temperature, precipitation, and dust. Marine and continental masses are distinguished. And geographically: equatorial ( all year round hot and humid), tropical (hot and dry all year round), temperate (4 seasons) and polar (cold and dust-free all year round). There are no others.
Assignment: determine in which zones Beijing, Cape Town, Washington, Anadyr, Paris, Cairo, Mexico City are located.
Assignment: make a table of the characteristics of the zones (which will help you with climatograms): zone, where it is located, summer, winter, amount of precipitation, precipitation regime.
Often in OGE tasks give climatograms (diagrams of precipitation and temperature) with instructions to determine their location. To do this, look at the temperature progression, whether there are negative ones, when there is more precipitation, try them on at different points, then select.
Learn (children often get confused): in the climatogram of the equatorial zone there are always only positive temperatures +25+28°, precipitation 1500-3000mm, falls evenly throughout the year. In the subequatorial zone, temperatures are almost the same, but precipitation occurs in SUMMER, in our hemisphere in our summer, in the southern hemisphere in our winter; in the tropics it is always hot, but summer is hotter, there is very, very little precipitation; in the subtropical summers are hot, dry, winters are warm, often without frost, precipitation occurs in winter; in the temperate zone frosts in winter, warm summers are clearly visible, precipitation is greater in spring-summer-autumn; in the subractic there are cool short summers, frosty winters, and little precipitation in summer.
Russia is located in the following basic zones: arctic, subarctic, temperate(moderate continental, continental, sharply continental, monsoon type), and at the very edge in the Krasnodar Territory, just a little subtropical Mediterranean type.
The temperate zone is so long in Russia that it has 4 regions (climate types). Temperate continental - completely our weather, in the continental the winter is colder, there is less precipitation, in the sharply continental it is hot in the summer, in the winter it is very cold, there is even less precipitation, in the monsoon there is summer with summer monsoon from the ocean, wet, in winter with winter monsoon from land, snowy, cold, windy. The coldest zone in Russia is the subarctic.
Assignment: determine the names of climatic zones; How does the climate of Moscow differ from other cities presented here?
Repetition for OGE in Geography 2 - concept and types. Classification and features of the category “Repetition for the OGE in Geography 2” 2017, 2018.
I, , a, , a, , , , (China), , (Korea), Abkhazia, I,by sea - and
№3. Questions about the climate of Russia.
Atlas 8th grade . Climate map.
In summer, the air temperature increases from north to south. In winter it decreases from west to east (the closer to the west, the warmer). Precipitation increases to the west, in the mountains, on the Pacific coast.
№5. Questions on the Russian economy.
Atlas 9th grade. Cards, for example, “Mechanical Engineering”, “ Fuel industry" etc.
№6. Questions about nature reserves.
Atlas 8th grade. Natural shrines of Russia
№7. Which region has the highest population density?
Atlas 9th grade. Population Density Map. Correlate two maps: “Population density” and “Administrative map”. The population density is higher the closer to the south and to the European part. (The main zone of settlement: the European part of Russia, except for the north and south of Siberia).
№8. Questions about graphics.
Determine the required value from the graph or table.
№9. Questions: determine:
Natural increase = Fertility – Mortality
Mortality = Fertility – Natural increase
Migration increase = Immigration – Emigration
Migration increase = Those who arrived – Those who left
Total population growth = Migration increase + Natural increase
Migration increase = Total population growth - Natural increase
Natural increase = Total population growth - Migration growth
Population density =Population
Square
Density of the railway network =Rail length
The area of the land
Immigration – entry into the country
Emigration – leaving the country
№10. Which city is located in the zone of action of a cyclone or anticyclone.
Question about the synoptic map.
IN – anticyclone (high pressure)N – cyclone (low pressure)
№11. Question about the synoptic map .
In which city is cold snap possible? (Where the cold front goes)
In which city is warming possible? (Where the warm front goes)
Where precipitation will fall - where there is a cyclone or atmospheric front
№12. Ecology questions
Acid rain is caused by coal combustion and non-ferrous metallurgy.
Greenhouse effect- increase carbon dioxide(transport, fuel combustion)
Smog is formed in the centers of iron and steel industry
Exhaustible inexhaustible (energy of the Sun, wind, tides
Non-renewable Renewable
(mineral resources) (forest, water, soil, living world)
№13. Which statement talks about the process:
Urbanization – the increasing role of cities and urban lifestyles
Migration is the movement of people from one place of residence to another
Population reproduction is a process of continuous generational change
Natural population growth - the difference between the birth rate and death rate
River regime - changes in the water level in the river according to the seasons of the year (freezing of the river, breaking up of the ice cover)
Sectoral structure of the Russian economy - This a set of industries that satisfy the homogeneous needs of society and form a single economy of the country.
№14. Determine coordinates .
If a city - Atlas 7th grade - political map of the world. (Atlas 8th grade - cities of Russia)
If a mountain, a volcano – Atlas 7th grade – physical map world (Atlas 8th grade – Russia)
Coordinates: for example 40 0 N; 80 0 east
Latitude : northern and southernLongitude : western and eastern
north latitude
w.d. e.d.
S
№16. Calculation problem
Problems to determine the share (%). Let's make a proportion. Integer (total) -100%, what needs to be found is x%.
20 – 100% x= 8 x100
8 - x% 20
Determine relative humidity (we make a proportion).
Determine the temperature at the top of the mountain.
Determine salinity (Measured in ppm% 0, if salinity is 15% 0, then 15 grams of salts are dissolved in a liter of water)
№17. Arrange cities in order of increasing (decreasing) population .
Atlas 9th grade. Kata population density. We look at the cities in circles.
Millionaire cities in Russia:
Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Ekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara,
Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Volgograd, Voronezh
№18. Determine the distance using a topographic map.
1.Measure the distance between objects with a ruler 2.Multiply by the scale value (for example 100 m)
4 cm x 100 = 400 m
№19. Determine the direction from one object to another. Topographic map
WITH
W E
№20. Determine which area is suitable for:
Sledding, alpine skiing(1. There is a slope 2. There are no bushes, holes)
Football field (1. Flat terrain 2. No holes, bushes, forests)
Orchard(1. Southern slope 2. Near the road)
№21. Determine which profile is suitable
By the height of points, by lowering the relief, etc.)
№22. Maps of which area should you choose in order to explore the territory….
Atlas 8th grade “Administrative map”, 9th grade “Economic zoning”
№24. Arrange the regions in the order in which they celebrate the New Year
Atlas 8th grade. Administrative map. Find the desired regions or cities. New Year starts oneast .
№26. Arrange the rock layers shown in the figure in order of increasing age.
(from youngest to oldest).
Howhigher layers of rocks - the younger
№28. Tasks using tables. Analyzing tables
№29. - In the capital of which of the listed republics does the Sun rise above the horizon the earliest according to Moscow time?The further east you go, the earlier it rises above the horizon.
- Where is the angle of incidence? sun rays will be the greatest.
The closer to the south, the greater the angle of incidence of the sun's rays.
Speech by geography teacher L.N. Denisova 12/29/2017
at the Pedagogical Council of MBOU "School No. 70" on the topic
“Forms of work with students in preparation for the State Examination in the form of the OGE in Geography.”
Geography is the only school subject of an ideological nature,
forming in students a holistic, comprehensive, systemic understanding of the Earth
as a planet of people. The scope of this subject includes natural and
public objects and phenomena.
The general goal of geographical education of schoolchildren is to form a comprehensive
educated person, in a narrower sense, this goal is to master
students with a complete system of geographical knowledge and skills, as well as
the possibilities of their use in various life situations.
Final certification in 9th grade is aimed at identifying the level of knowledge
students of individual concepts and provisions included in the system of geography, skills
use this knowledge in the analysis and assessment of real social processes and
phenomena, socialization of the individual. Thus, speaking about preparing students for
state (final) certification should be in
not mechanical in appearance
coaching, but a good knowledge of the geography course in all its aspects.
Completion of 9th grade can be considered as a definite milestone in studying
subject. Schoolchildren have already studied a fairly wide range of issues that form the core
geographical knowledge. At the same time, they have to decide on the direction
specialized training in high school. The results obtained during certification can
become in this situation some guidelines for both the student and the teacher.
The volume of knowledge, the range of skills that students should possess by this moment,
is fixed in the mandatory minimum content of education and in the federal
component of public educational standard. Adequately determine
to what extent are the universal parameters and requirements established by these
documents, allow uniform control measuring materials.
Results state certification allow us to draw certain conclusions about
level of training of primary school graduates, develop uniform requirements for
educational achievements of students, create an effective system
training of ninth grade graduates. Thus, it increases responsibility
educational institution and subject teacher for the quality of preparation
students at the level of basic general education.
I begin my work in preparing for the OGE by introducing students to
specification and CMM codifier. Students then do the input work (as
This is usually a trial version of the OGE).
This work makes it possible to determine the student’s level of knowledge. To understand that
the graduate knows what gaps in knowledge there are, what tasks to pay special attention to
attention. Great importance has diagnostics. The first and subsequent works allow
trace the dynamics of students’ acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities. Such diagnostics
makes it possible to work through problematic issues and see an objective picture
preparation for the OGE.
1. Thematic repetition of the material.
2.Completing test training tasks.
3.Working with OGE and Unified State Exam forms.
4.Psychological recommendations when passing the OGE and the Unified State Exam.
The entire process of preparing for the Unified State Exam and Unified State Exam is divided into four stages:
Techniques for preparing for the State Examination
Group and individual consultations
Getting to know the work structure
Solving demo options
Analysis of theoretical material on the main sections of the work
Practical work with map
Reading a topographic map, profile
Synoptic map analysis
Study of industrial location factors
Repetition of the theory of movement of lithospheric plates
Drawing up systematizing tables:
a) “Natural zones”, “Climatic zones”, “Soils”, “Flora and fauna”
b) Slogans
c) Personalities
Didactic material
Demo options
Examination material (school GIA optional)
Handouts: climatograms, topographic maps, profiles,
synoptic maps
Texts of the trial OGE
Statistical tables
Methods of preparing for exams
1. Working with text
Three groups of skills that make up the skill of semantic reading of geographical texts
content
1. General understanding of the text and orientation in it.
2. Deep understanding of the content and form of the text
3. Using information to solve problems without or with involvement
additional knowledge.
Where to begin?
Selection of popular science or informational texts. General requirements:
educational value of the text;
accounting life experience and cognitive experience of students;
sufficient elements of information to develop 3 tasks,
aimed at assessing skills different groups;
the content of the text should allow one to formulate geographical issues,
arising in a specific situation: “where?”, “why here?”, “why
Is this exactly how it is here and not otherwise?” and etc.
the content of the text must have either personal or social significance.
Tasks 14, 20, 23, 25, 30
2. Techniques for working with cartographic sources in geography lessons:
orientation technique;
compiling descriptions of territories;
cartographic modeling;
drawing up characteristics of territories;
cartographic techniques (construction of profiles, drawing up contour maps,
maps);
cartographic techniques (reading and analyzing the content of maps, determining
coordinates, depths, etc.
Usage geographical maps atlas when performing examination work
Task 2 – working with the administrative-political map of Russia (border
states)
Task 3 – working with thematic maps of the “Nature of Russia” section (8th grade)
Task 5 – working with thematic maps of the section “Economy of Russia” (grade 9)
Task 7 – working with thematic maps of the section “Population of Russia” (grade 89)
Tasks 1011 – working with a synoptic map
Task 14 – determining geographic coordinates
Task 17 working with the map “Population Density of Russia”
Task 1821 – working with a topographic map
Task 22 work with the administrative-political map
Task 24 – working with a map of time zones
3. Techniques for working with statistical materials.
A statistical method is a set of techniques for collecting, processing, analyzing and
interpretation of quantitative data characterizing various natural and
socio-economic phenomena.
The method of work was first developed by N.N. Baransky.
Its order is as follows:
read the title,
read the unit of measurement,
read the line headings and columns,
read line by line and column by rounding numbers,
draw a conclusion about what you learn.
Tasks 89, 16, 27, 2829
Statistical indicators in geography textbooks are presented as:
Absolute values have informative value; they are used to give
the size of geographical phenomena, for example, the size of the territory, population
population. They are expressed in:
Natural units of measurement (tons, kg, m²).
Conditionally natural (tons of equivalent fuel).
Cost (give a monetary value).
Relative values express the result of comparison of absolute values
with each other, allow us to detect certain patterns in changes
geographical phenomena, such as average temperatures, population density, etc.
Methods and forms of training students in the classroom
The most effective forms of training
Forms of organization educational activities(individual, group,
massive)
The most effective form of training in preparing students for the OGE is
group or individual.
The use of group forms of training, for example in pre-professional training or
in elective classes in geography, allows students to be subjects of educational
educational process: set a goal, plan its achievement,
independently acquire new knowledge, control comrades and themselves, evaluate
the results of the activities of their comrades and themselves.
A very important role is played by the ability of students to correctly ask questions and answer questions.
them, to express one’s opinion (even if erroneous), the ability to criticize and understand
criticize, persuade, explain, prove, evaluate, conduct dialogue and give a speech.
Forms of organizing training sessions (traditional lesson, lecture, discussion,
All this is applicable to group learning and develops thinking and
memory, as well as cognitive skills (compare, analyze, synthesize).
conversation, training testing, etc.)
The traditional lesson is no longer suitable as a form of organizing an educational lesson.
More acceptable forms of organizing training sessions are repetition lessons,
generalization and systematization of the material being studied, as well as a lesson in testing and evaluation
knowledge, abilities and skills (in the form of OGE tests).
Features of the teaching methodology (in what order are exam papers taken?
assignments: from the first question to the last, by topic, by section). Advantages
the chosen method.
The peculiarity of the teaching methodology is based on the results of the initial
testing.
At first school year, students taking the OGE write the test in the form of the OGE. On
based on their mistakes, topics that need to be worked on are compiled (in geography
each question corresponds to a specific topic). Each topic is discussed initially
separately. Then, in February, re-testing takes place, which shows
results of repetition, generalization and systematization of previously studied material. After
what students train to do is to consistently answer all testing questions (so,
as it will be in the exams).
The most effective teaching principles:
The most effective learning principles include awareness,
activity, independence in learning and strength in mastering knowledge, skills and
skills.
Visualization of learning plays a very important role in geography, since 70% of all
exam questions can be answered using atlas maps. Therefore great
attention is paid to working with maps (grades 7,8,9).
Systematicity, consistency and complexity in training are characteristic of
Traditional lessons also become irrelevant in this case.
Methods of distance preparation of students for passing the State Examination Test.
One of the most actively developing in last years forms of training is training
using the global Internet or distance learning.
Distance learning is a form of education in which
the best traditional and innovative methods are used in the educational process,
means and forms of training based on computer and telecommunications
technologies.
It is used to expand the educational space of the lesson, in particular:
for students to independently master certain sections and topics;
for ongoing quality control of knowledge, as well as for monitoring
educational process;
to practice skills when performing educational tasks of a certain type.
Students receive a list of Internet resources that they can use when
preparation for the OGE in geography:
geo.ege.sdamgia.ru
4ege.ru
examen.ru
en.wikipedia.org
wildberries.ru
The most common mistakes in assignments
At the stage of preparation for the OGE at the beginning of the year, the first work was carried out to identify
the most common mistakes made by students. Analysis of these works showed these errors:
Inability to work with maps and obtain the necessary information from them (62%)
Ignorance of basic patterns in nature (63%)
Problems with mathematical calculations (52%)
Error handling system.
Difficulties in using geographic maps when answering questions.
Indeed, it turned out to be a very big problem for students - to find a map,
which will help answer asked question! In this regard, a few more are needed
view all atlases for grades 7, 8 and 9 once. Consider general geographical and
thematic maps that are contained in them. Explain to students once again what
questions can be answered and given using these cards specific examples from tasks
OGE.
For example:
Identify the region of Russia based on its brief description.
This region has a coastal location. Its administrative center is
at equal distances from the North Pole and the equator. Basic landforms -
mountains (over 3000 m high) and lowlands. Picturesque mountain landscapes, sea
coast, healing mud and mineral springs attracts a large number of people to the region
quality of tourists and vacationers.
Answer: ______________________ edge.
Difficulty solving mathematical calculations.
Many children taking geography have a humanitarian orientation and are not strong in
mathematics. It is necessary to talk with students again about how to round a number to the nearest hundredth.
or to tenths, how to solve a problem using an equation, etc. Here it is necessary
solution training various types geographical tasks.
For example:
Using the data from the table “Freight turnover by mode of transport in the Russian Federation in 2012”, we determine
List the share of pipeline transport in total freight turnover (in %). Received re
Round the result to the nearest centimeter
Freight turnover by mode of transport in the Russian Federation in 2012 (billion ton-kilometers)
Go dates.
Lo
4998
Transport – total
including by type:
railway
2222
automotive
248
pipeline
2397
water (sea and inland water) 126
air
5,1
Inattention.
Elementary inattention leads to mistakes in the easiest tasks. Students
they confuse “more less”, “younger”, etc.
For example:
The soils of which of the listed natural zones of Russia have the most
natural fertility?
1) taiga
2) desert
3) steppe
4) deciduous forests
In this case, we must teach children to find important words in questions and their
be sure to emphasize.
for some reason
more you
Creation of reminders, instructions, diagrams, algorithms for students.
The presence of ready-made reminders, instructions, diagrams and algorithms significantly reduces
the use of study time in repetition or learning new material is
wonderful visual aid to remember educational material.
Psychological preparation students for testing
(recommendations for students)
Tips for preparing for the test
Prepare systematically
Maintain a daily routine
Eat right
During preparation, alternate between activities and rest.
On the eve of the test
Stop preparing in the evening.
Get as much sleep as possible so that you can wake up feeling rested and feeling your best.
health, strength, “fighting” spirit.
Tips during test work
Follow the rules of conduct during the test!
Listen to how to fill out the form correctly!
Work independently!
Make full use of your time!
When working with tasks:
Focus!
Read the assignment to the end!
Think only about the current task!
Start easy!
Skip!
Eliminate!
Check!
Don’t leave a task unanswered!
Don't be upset!
Plan two laps!
Tips after the test
Sports activities;
Ways to relieve stress, negative influence stress:
Dancing;
Yoga;
Drawing;
Singing
And many other activities that are interesting for a person
General conclusions and recommendations for preparing for the OGE in geography:
To get the maximum result when preparing for the State Examination, start
You need to prepare in advance, which is often a significant problem.
A systematic approach to repeating the studied material is one of the main tasks when
preparation for the exam. Independent repetition and training in completing tasks,
systematic consultations on control and measuring materials (CMM)
contributes to the systematization of complex knowledge on the subject and the formation of skills
completing tasks on forms. Thus, students become familiar with the requirements
and the structure of examination materials in new form, gets used to the wording
tasks and types of tests used in CMM, they learn to answer briefly and logically
tasks with detailed answers
When preparing for the State Examination in Geography, the graduate must use
textbooks and manuals for preparing for the State Examination, which are recommended for use in
educational institutions, cartographic and statistical sources for searching
and information extraction.
To successfully prepare yourself, you need to train as often as possible. Tests
will help you get an idea of the wording and difficulty level of the exam
geography. Significant results are achieved by work that does not require additional costs.
time, but giving the maximum score in the State Examination Assessment. Knowledge gained during
preparation and self-study,
allow the graduate to take the exam quickly
navigate the issues and complete the task efficiently.
To successfully prepare for the State Examination, it is necessary, first of all, to simply repeat the entire
school material that is included in the content of the program and necessary for passing
exam.
An excellent assistant in this matter are short student dictionaries,
which contain important information about certain aspects of each topic studied.
But due to the fact that all dictionaries serve not for explanation, but precisely for refreshment in
memory of memories, a student's short dictionary will be absolutely ineffective for
those whose knowledge tends to zero.
Application of new information technologies allows you to diversify and
combine means of pedagogical influence on students, strengthen
motivation for learning and improve the assimilation of new material, makes it possible to qualitatively
change self-control and control over the learning outcome, as well as in a timely manner
adjust both teaching and learning activities. Active work With
computer creates in students more high level self-educational
skills and abilities to analyze and structure the information received. Necessary
develop skills independent work child, including conducting training
And testing work on the Internet.
Using the Internet to conduct testing in the GIA format online
(close to the exam) allows you to assess the level of preparation
students. When preparing a graduate for the State Examination, you can use various training
programs that the teacher offers to students. The teacher has the opportunity
organize work with each student and make the necessary changes to their
preparation. Testing is carried out outside of school hours or at home, which
allows the student to concentrate as much as possible on completing tasks.
Participation in distance competitions and olympiads in the subject contributes to
development of the student’s competence and, as a consequence, its further implementation at
exam. Students taking the GIA must take an active part in
olympiads, since the proposed tasks are close in structure to exam ones.
Currently, many multimedia teaching aids By
geography, which can be used in lessons, when doing homework, when
preparation for the Olympiads, with scientific - research work students, with
preparation for the State Examination. The use of information technology in preparation for the State Examination has
many advantages: the combination of sound, image and interactivity allows
promptly monitor and evaluate knowledge. Structures of electronic manuals
allow you to quickly make transitions within the course, navigate
contents of the manual. The undoubted advantage of using multimedia in
preparation for the State Examination in Geography allows you to intensify the activities of the teacher and
schoolchild; improve the quality of teaching the subject; reflect the essential aspects
geographical objects, visibly bringing to life the principle of visibility; push to
foreground the most important and frequently encountered characteristics of objects and
natural phenomena.
This system makes it possible to achieve positive results and improve performance
participation of ninth grade students in the procedure of independent assessment of the quality of training
students in geography in the form of the State final certification.
