HPV types 2 and 7. What types of human papillomavirus can cause cancer? For diseases caused by the strain

HPV 1 and HPV type 2 are the strains that cause warts vulgaris and plantar warts, which affect many people. They bring aesthetic and physical discomfort. It is important to know the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment of this disease.

HPV is a human papillomavirus that is widespread. The pathogens belong to papillomaviruses and cause the appearance of papillomatosis - flat epithelial neoplasms with a benign growth pattern. They have high specificity for the epidermis squamous keratinizing epithelium.

HPV can persist for a long time on objects environment, it's easy to get infected in public places. Normally, a person is not affected by the virus due to the presence cellular immunity. But when the stratum corneum of the epidermis is damaged, the immune forces decrease. The time from infection to the onset of clinical manifestations ranges from several weeks to one year.

HPV type 1 and HPV 2 are the reason why vulgar, plantar warts. Some sources report that they are capable of causing genital warts.

Symptoms of papillomavirus types 1 and 2

Simple warts are the most common variant of the disease. It accounts for up to 71% of all cases. Provocative factor are microtraumas, the main route of infection is contact, through damaged skin.

The clinical picture is as follows:

quantity: multiple or single formations;
shape: papules having a round or polycyclic shape;
on palpation: from 1 mm to 1 cm in size, surface with multiple horny layers, numerous cracks, proliferation of the epidermis, papillary growths;
color: from light pink to pinkish-gray;
localization: in the form of single formations on the fingers, around the nail fold, in rare cases they are found on the red border of the lips, in the oral cavity, and in other parts of the body.

Plantar warts (caused by the first and second types of HPV) are characterized by the following symptoms:

quantity: single formations or multiple (less common);
shape: circle, oval or polygon, in places of constant scratching - longitudinal;
on palpation: hard, flat, rough due to foci of hyperkeratosis, up to 2 cm in diameter, with clearly defined edges of the formation;
color: pink, shades of brown or matches the color of normal skin;
peculiarity: sometimes there are dark brown dots on the surface, which are small vessels closed by blood clots;
painful in the locations of the main points of support of the foot, which does not allow the patient to fully move;
capable of forming mosaic structures by merging multiple elements;
affect any age group;
After healing, scars do not form.

Diagnosis is based on the clinical picture and histology.

Diagnosis of HPV

The following methods for diagnosing HPV are available:

inspection;
cytological examination;
colposcopy;
histological examination;
the most accurate and effective: polymerase method chain reaction(PCR) and Digene test.

The PCR method allows you to accurately determine the causative agent of the infection. Under the influence of a certain enzyme, which has specificity for a known section of DNA, the sequence of its nucleotides is repeatedly copied. This is only possible when the sample being studied contains a source of the desired genetic material. It is possible to determine the presence of an infectious agent with high accuracy.

Determining the strain is important for predicting the course of the disease.

For analysis, scrapings from the wall of the urethra or cervical canal are used.

In women, the study is carried out 3-4 days after the end of menstruation.

Advantages of the technique:

high sensitivity;
speed of conduction;
the ability to study for several pathogens at the same time;
the ability to study any biological material;
versatility (suitable for detecting a wide range of pathogens);
viral infections can be detected before the development of a full-blown clinical picture.

Flaws:

high-tech equipment is required;
the likelihood of obtaining a false result;
high cost.

Interpretation of the result:

Not detected - viral infection No.
Discovered:

less than 3 lg – the amount of virus is insignificant;
from 3 to 5 lg – there is a possibility of cell dysplasia, but it is insignificant;
more than 5 lg – there is a high probability of cell dysplasia.

Digene test is a modern diagnostic method that allows you to obtain highly accurate results. Indicates oncological strains of HPV.

The material for diagnosis is scraping from the urethra and cervical canal.

Indications:

comprehensive examination along with PAP tests;
screening of women over 30 years of age;
monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.

The advantage of the method over PCR is the detection of the concentration of oncoviruses in the human body, and not just the presence of HPV of any strain.

The test result may be positive or negative. Usually, it is carried out simultaneously with a cytological examination, which gives an accurate description of the process and allows for an objective assessment of the patient’s condition, treatment tactics, and prognosis.

Treatment methods for HPV 1 and 2

It is necessary to treat with medications:

Solcoderm	It is used for plantar and vulgar warts as a mummifying agent. It is a complex of acids that dry out and cauterize the neoplasm, which eliminates itself over time. The application procedure must be carried out under the supervision of a physician. The drug is applied carefully only to the affected skin. The procedure is repeated until the color of the formation changes to yellow or pale gray. You can treat no more than 3 lesions at a time.
Feresol	Consists of phenol and tricresol. The mechanism of action is similar to Solcoderm. The drug is applied 7-10 times with a 3-minute break until it dries completely. The skin around the wart is first treated with zinc paste to prevent burns to healthy skin.
Silver nitrate solution (10%)	Has a cauterizing effect. The solution is used to treat the formation two to three times a day until it disappears on its own.
Salicylic acid (20%)	The drug is available at any pharmacy. The solution should be applied carefully so as not to get on healthy skin. Number of uses per day – 1.
Podophyllin solution (25%)	The drug has cyto toxic effect, disrupts the process of cell division. The solution is applied to the surface of the warts once a day for 10 days in a row, after which the formation is removed. Then the drug is applied for another 20 days for prevention.
Demecolcine	Is an antitumor agent plant origin, which has a toxic effect on tumor cells. It disrupts their mitotic division. Easily penetrates the skin and mucous membranes. Should be used under medical supervision. Possesses nearby side effects, characteristic of all chemotherapy drugs.

Overview of methods for removing growths

Methods for removing growths:

cryodestruction;
diathermoelectrocoagulation;
laser removal;
surgical removal;
radio wave method.

Cryodestruction – optimal method. After cold removal there are no scars left, the skin quickly recovers. Suitable for people of any age. Allowed during pregnancy.

Diathermoelectrocoagulation allows you to remove a wart using high frequency current. The tissue is cut and cauterized at the same time, which prevents bleeding and creates conditions to prevent infection. The integrity of the skin takes longer to restore than after cryodestruction.

Laser removal – layer-by-layer removal of layers of pathological formation using an ablative laser. The technique is characterized by a low incidence of complications.

The surgical method is the simplest, but requires a long rehabilitation period. There is a risk of infectious complications.

Radio wave method – removal of formation using high-frequency waves. It is characterized by high accuracy and safety. Can be used in hard-to-reach places (eye area, nose).

Precautions and complications

The main complication is infection. In this case, all signs of inflammation develop and signs of general intoxication (with suppuration) may be observed.

In some cases, an allergic reaction to local anesthetics, which numb the procedure site, laser irradiation, cold.

Other complications include slower repair due to concomitant pathology or damage to the surgical site.

Precautionary measures:

treatment of the surgical site with antiseptics;
do not apply cosmetics over the wound;
do not comb;
do not tear off the crust ahead of time;
spend less time in direct sunlight.

Previously, HPV (human papillomavirus) was known as the culprit in the appearance of warts; today, a much wider range of diseases, including cancer, are associated with it. According to the spectrum of clinical manifestations, different types of HPV are distinguished.

What kind of virus is this

Papillomavirus is one of the most common pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, the virus is widespread both in terms of occurrence in the population (and it is observed in almost 90% of the planet’s inhabitants) and in terms of the number of representatives (27 species and more than 170 types from harmless to oncogenic).

Types of human papillomaviruses differ in the method of transmission (through a handshake, kiss, dirty towels, sexual contact), and in targets (skin or mucous membranes, various parts of the body). If the functions of the immune system are not impaired, it inhibits the activity of the pathogen, and it remains in a latent state, sometimes for decades. But with weakened immunity, the disease manifests itself in the form of skin neoplasms. Different types of papillomavirus can cause vulgar or flat warts, plantar corns or genital warts.

Human papillomamirus was first recorded as a single species in 1971. Since then, knowledge about what types of HPV there are has increased. In 2003, the group was divided into 27 species and 5 genera. In 2010, the classification was revised so that the scientific names of the groups reflect the genus to which they belong. In medical practice, their meaning indicates the main clinical manifestations papillomavirus infection.

Classification

There are several opinions about how many varieties of the virus there are. Officially, medicine deals with 170 types of HPV, grouped into 27 species. According to some data, scientists already know 600 strains found in humans. Of these, about 40 cause damage to the genital area, 20 are associated with cervical cancer.

Dividing human papillomavirus into types allows us to develop optimal treatment tactics. This means that by determining the species of the pathogen, you can judge what symptoms it will cause. In addition, there is a classification of HPV pathogens according to the risk of malignant degeneration.

By oncogenicity

According to the oncogenic classification, each HPV type is considered from the point of view of the risk of malignant degeneration. IN clinical practice The following groups are distinguished:

Non-oncogenic group. Non-oncogenic strains are HPV 1-5, 7, 10, 12, 14-15, 17, 19, 20-24, 26-29, 57. These types of papillomavirus cause gray warts with uneven edges, plantar calluses, “butcher’s warts” ", multiple growths of various shapes.
Group with low oncogenic risk. Includes strains 6, 11, 42-44, 53-55. The first two are more common than others and are associated with genital warts of the cervix. It cannot be said that this type of HPV is the most dangerous, but the growths it causes are recommended to be removed as soon as possible.
Group with average oncogenic risk. Includes strains 31, 33, 35, 52, 58. The most common type is 31, the culprit of bowenoid papulosis - smooth nodules on the mucous membrane of the external genitalia. We can say that this is the most dangerous type of HPV of the group. It can turn into a benign and then into a malignant formation, but in the initial stages it is amenable to immunostimulating therapy.
Group with high oncogenic risk. The most dangerous species HPV for humans - 16.18, 36, 39, 45, 51, 56, 59, 68. The risk of oncogenicity is more often manifested in the presence of strains 16.18 and 51. The first two cause cervical cancer. Type 51 manifests itself in the form of bowenoid papulosis and flat condylomas, resembling allergic rash. All three forms cause precancer and require immediate treatment.

For diseases caused by the strain

Based on the clinical picture, all types of papillomavirus can be divided into groups presented in the table:

Target organs	Signs of defeat	HPV strains
	Plantar warts	1, 2, 4
	Vulgar warts	2, 4, 26, 27, 29, 57
	Flat warts	3, 10, 28, 49
	Warts Butcher	7
	Epidermodysplasia veruciformis	2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20-25, 36, 37, 46, 47, 50
Genital mucosa	Condylomas acuminata	6, 11, 42-44, 54
	Epithelial lesions without growth into other layers	6, 11, 16, 18, 30, 31, 33?, 39, 40, 42, 43, 51, 52, 55, 57-59, 61, 62, 64, 67-70
	Cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus and penis	16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 66, 68
Non-genital mucosa	Lesions of the oral mucosa (focal epithelial hyperplasia)	13, 32
	Recurrent papillomatosis of the respiratory tract	6, 11, 30
	Malignant tumors of the head, neck, lungs	2, 6, 11, 16, 18, 30

This classification by HPV type allows you to clearly assess the degree of risk. The same strain can cause different symptoms, and harmless manifestations of papillomatosis can be harbingers of serious pathologies.

How does HPV infection occur?

The human papillomavirus is extremely contagious; different types of HPV have their own “favorite” modes of transmission:

The strains that cause genital warts are transmitted through sexual contact - both vaginal, anal and oral.
Another common way of transmitting the virus is through households. The microorganism survives well in a warm, humid environment, so it is easy to become infected in a public bath, swimming pool, sauna, or sports locker room. You can catch it by using other people's hygiene items, clothing, towels, and dishes.
During shaving and epilation, it is very easy to transfer papilloma from one area to another. This route of transmission is called self-infection.
Transmission of the virus from mother to child is possible during childbirth. In this case, papillomas infect the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, genital area and anus newborn

Diseases caused by a virus

Warts differ in appearance, structure, and favorite localization zones. The clinical picture is determined by the types of human papillomavirus.

Viruses types 1 and 2 cause plantar warts. Moreover, type 1 virus provokes the formation of growths with deep roots, which are difficult to treat. Type 2 causes the formation of mosaic-like growths that stick together and are virtually painless. Plantar warts require surgical treatment.
Virus type 2 also causes warts vulgaris. It is more common in children and adolescents and often goes away without any treatment.
Viruses types 3 and 5 provoke the appearance of flat growths with a diameter of up to 3 mm, which are more often observed on the face and palms, mainly in young people, which is why they are often called juvenile growths. Warts of this type often go away without treatment.
Genital warts are caused by viruses types 6 and 11. Neoplasms are located in the genital area, anus, and on the oral mucosa.
Type 11 virus causes laryngeal papillomatosis, which is transmitted to a child during childbirth from an infected mother, and to an adult through oral sex. In this case, the patient complains of hoarseness and difficulty swallowing. A profuse papillomatous rash may impair breathing.
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis is provoked by viruses of types 5, 8, 47 (highly oncogenic), as well as 20, 21, 14, 25 (low oncogenic).
Bowenoid papulosis is caused by viruses types 16, 31-35, 18, 42, 48 and 51-54. These are semicircular flat growths on the mucous membranes and skin.

Among women

Human papillomavirus infection causes the formation of condylomas on the genitals, which is most often observed at the age of 15-30 years. This form can occur hidden.

HPV is the culprit of many gynecological problems.

Genital warts, which were not detected in time, develop before menopause and by this time can already cause malignant degeneration tissues of the genital mucosa. The most dangerous in this regard are strains 16 and 18.

In men

Male-specific forms of human papillomavirus infection can also occur hidden, but there are exceptions. For example, HPV can lead to diseases such as bowenoid papulosis, in which flat growths with a rough or smooth surface appear on the skin and mucous membranes. The more sexual partners, the higher the risk. If there are signs of the disease, it is worth visiting a urologist, since oncology in men is also possible.

In children

In children, various strains of viruses cause the formation of papillomas on the skin and in the larynx or are present asymptomatically. With the skin form, growths with a diameter of 1-10 mm appear on the hands, fingers, near the nails, in the face, around the knees, most often this is observed in school age. With laryngeal papillomatosis, hoarseness is noted, and rarely, respiratory dysfunction is observed (the risk is increased against the background of respiratory diseases). Children's papillomas often go away with age and respond well to treatment.

Human papillomavirus and pregnancy

The formation of papillomas in expectant mothers is not an indication for cesarean section. Infection rarely poses a risk to pregnancy and fetal development. The exceptions are types 6 and 11 - they cause genital and anal condylomas, and during childbirth they come into contact with the skin of the fetus, causing infection. After the incubation period, the newborn may develop respiratory papillomatosis. Method caesarean section used when there are condylomas in the mother’s body that interfere with the expulsion of the fetus or can cause bleeding in the woman.

What tests exist to detect HPV and how are they carried out?

Modern diagnosis of HPV in women is carried out by PCR analysis, Daijin test and HPV DNA analysis. PCR uses a gynecological smear and a blood sample. The method allows you to detect the virus regardless of the phase of activity. For the Digene test and HPV DNA analysis, a scraping is taken from the cervical canal, and then the concentration of the virus in the tissues and its type are determined. A histological examination of the tissues of genital papillomas is also carried out.

Diagnosis of HPV in men is carried out PCR method. In this case, mucus from secretions, blood, and urine can be used as a biomaterial. The result of the Digene test is a decoding of all types of HPV and their concentration in the body. For the test, a smear is taken from the mucous membranes.

Principles of treatment of papillomavirus

Modern HPV treatment is aimed at eliminating the consequences of the action of the papillomavirus and is used if the neoplasms represent a serious cosmetic defect or are caused by a highly oncogenic virus.

The method used to remove papillomas is surgical excision, electrocoagulation, laser therapy, cryodestruction liquid nitrogen, radio wave therapy, chemical cauterization. If the concentration of the virus in the tissues is high, antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy is prescribed at the same time.

Most reliable protection gives against papillomavirus natural immunity. According to research from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, this factor causes the body to heal itself within 2 years in 90% of cases. The immune system suppresses the action of the virus, and it constantly remains in a latent state.

HPV prevention

The virus spreads easily in the human population, so there is no guaranteed way to prevent infection. He lies in wait in public places, saunas, baths, swimming pools, beauty salons, hospitals. The microorganism is transmitted through household contacts and sexual intercourse.

The risk is reduced if you follow the rules of hygiene, do not take other people's bath accessories, slippers and other personal items and do not let them use your own. To maintain the immune system, you need to treat acute and chronic diseases in a timely manner, eat well, and establish a work and rest schedule.

To prevent the development of HPV in the cervical area, it is recommended to follow the following measures: intimate hygiene, use a condom.

To prevent the development of cancerous tumors caused by the human papillomavirus, you need to undergo routine examinations on time and, if papillomas appear, consult a dermatologist.

Graft

Modern medicine offers vaccination as a method of preventing HPV. The composition of the drugs includes organic compounds, necessary for the production of antibodies in HPV, yeast, antibiotics, preservatives. Such vaccines include Gardasil (6, 11, 16, 18 HPV strains) and Cervarix (16 and 18 HPV types). Both drugs are available in the form of a suspension in disposable syringes and are intended for vaccination of women aged 15-30 years. Gardasil can be used to vaccinate boys.

Remember that vaccines cannot cure an infection that has already settled in the body. Therefore, if you are planning to vaccinate yourself or your child, it should be done no later than 26 years of age, ideally between 10 and 13 years of age. At an older age, it is recommended to first get tested for HPV before vaccination.

Papilloma is a benign skin tumor that is caused by papilloma viruses. Papilloma in its structure resembles a papilla and is located on the face,

armpits, on the skin under the mammary glands, in the sinuses, throat, genitals, bladder. Quite often, papilloma appears on the neck.
This is due to the fact that papilloma is a neoplasm caused by the so-called human papillomavirus, abbreviated as HPV. Nowadays, scientists know more than 60 varieties of papillomavirus, of which 32 are recognized as pathogenic.

By and large, up to 80% of the population of our planet is infected with this virus, but due to a healthy immune system, this virus does not manifest itself in any way. IP simply blocks their occurrence and reproduction.

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When does papilloma appear?

If you have a severely weakened immune system.
If you are in a condition after taking medications for a long time.
If you have suffered or are still suffering from severe types of illness.
If you are elderly.
If you have suffered very severe stress.
If you are pregnant.

By their nature, papillomas can be either congenital or acquired. They can also be multiple and single.

Typically, papillomas are flesh-colored, their average size is 0.2–10 millimeters, very rarely, but papillomas measuring 20 mm in size are still found. Papillomas grow very slowly, but in some situations (for example, stress, pregnancy, illness) it is likely that the papillomas will quickly increase in size and number.

Human papillomavirus is most often transmitted through very close contact. If we take into account the fact that anyone can be a carrier of this virus, the risk of infection becomes very high.

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How does the papilloma virus become infected?

Almost anyone can become infected with this virus. Papillomas multiply especially well in a humid environment.

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Infection can occur in the following cases:

Infection and sexual transmission.
Infection through contact with a sick person.
Infection through household items.
Infection when going to public swimming pools.
At long-term use contraceptives.
Infection of a child during childbirth. If a pregnant mother is sick with this virus, it is transmitted to the baby.
Entry of the virus through skin lesions.

And remember! You can be a carrier of the virus for years and not even know it. You can find out about this only after your immunity weakens. And if the papillomas themselves are not located outside on the skin, but inside and on internal organs, then you may not even be aware of their existence. And if papillomas appear on the skin, then it is possible that they will also appear on the internal organs. If one of the family members is diagnosed with papilloma, the whole family should be examined.

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Human papillomavirus: diagnosis

The diagnosis itself is not particularly difficult. As a rule, external papillomas are detected during a routine examination by a dermatologist and gynecologist. To detect the presence of a virus, a scraping or smear is taken and then the presence of the virus itself is detected using PCR. And if signs of the infection itself are found, then in this case an additional biopsy is performed.

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Treatment of human papillomavirus

Nowadays, treatment of papilloma is possible. But in order not to get infected, it is better to take preventive measures. It must be remembered that one of the ways the virus enters the human body is through damaged skin. Therefore, it is imperative to treat all abrasions or cuts with brilliant green or iodine. Avoid moisture and dry the skin of the body very thoroughly. Try not to let your immune system weaken. Try to live a stress-free life whenever possible.

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Removal of papillomas

Removing warts with liquid nitrogen
Removal of warts and papillomas with laser
Warts on a child's body
Removing warts using folk remedies

Removing papilloma is the most effective method of combating them. Under no circumstances should the growths be cut or torn off. If the papilloma is damaged, this can provoke strong growth of the virus, and over time the appearance of large quantity new neoplasms. As soon as you notice the presence of papillomas, immediately contact a dermatologist and have them removed immediately. If you neglect these recommendations and do not rush to remove the warts that appear, then over time they will rub on your clothes, you will injure them, and this will all lead to an increase in the number on the body and the further spread of the virus.

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Methods for removing papillomas

Methods for removing papillomas are essentially the same as methods for removing moles.

I would just like to highlight a few of the most popular methods that are most often offered in clinics:

Removal of papillomas with nitrogen, or in scientific terms - cryodestruction.
Electrocoagulation.
Laser removal of papillomas.
Removal of papillomas with a radio knife.

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Removing papillomas at home

If you remove papillomas at home, then it is worth remembering that you will only remove the papilloma itself, but you will not remove the source of infection itself, and you will not know whether there are the same tumors in your internal organs. And most importantly, the virus will remain in your body and will continue to progress.

It is worth noting that the clinic does a full body examination, prescribes antiviral drugs, and injects immunoboosting interferons when removing papillomas.

This method of tying the base of a wart with a thread or hair is very dangerous. It can lead to tissue necrosis and infection of healthy cells. In addition, having gotten rid of papilloma in this way, the human papilloma virus will still remain in the body!

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Papillomas: treatment with folk remedies

There are several ways in which it is possible to remove papillomas at home. Of all, it is worth highlighting only two methods:

Treatment with celandine

Tear off a leaf of celandine and lubricate the papilloma with fresh juice. Soon it will dry out and fall off. Or dilute fresh celandine juice with saliva, smear the papilloma and seal it with a band-aid, after a few days the papilloma will fall off.

Make an infusion of celandine, string and chaga. Pour it into ice-freezing trays. Apply an ice cube to the papilloma for 3-5 minutes three times a day. After some time, the papilloma will fall off.

All methods are good, but if new papillomas appear, you should stop self-medicating and consult a dermatologist.

How dangerous are the different types of HPV?

Human papillomavirus is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. The types of HPV can be different, and, according to statistics, one or another type of virus occurs in 90% of people around the world. In terms of prevalence, papillomavirus ranks second after genital herpes.

Classification of infection

Papillomavirus, depending on its type, can cause various diseases both in women and men. To date, about 100 strains of the disease are known, 80 of which are the most studied. Approximately 30 species infect the female reproductive system.

About 60% of virus carriers notice symptoms of the disease. In other cases, HPV occurs in a latent form. The nature and symptoms depend on the strain of the virus. Thus, the disease can affect the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs. As well as mucous membranes of other organs not related to the reproductive system.

Speaking about skin lesions due to infection, the following types of HPV are distinguished:

warts on the soles of the feet - this is typical for strains 1, 2 and 4;
common warts - 2, 4, 26, 27, 29, 57;
flat warts - 3, 10, 28, 49;
butcher's warts - 7;
verruciform epidermodysplasia - 2–3, 5, 8–10, 12, 14–15, 17, 19–20, 36–37, 46–47, 50.
Certain genital lesions cause:

genital warts - 6, 11, 42, 54;
flat condylomas and cervical dysplasia - 6, 11, 16, 18, 30–31, 33, 39–40, 42–43, 51–52, 55, 57, 61–62, 64, 67;
cancer of the cervix, vagina, external genitalia, anus - 16, 18, 21, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51–52, 54, 56, 66, 68.
The mucous membranes of organs that are not associated with the reproductive system are affected by:

oral mucosa - 13, 32;
respiratory tract papillomatosis - 6, 11, 30;
cancer of the neck, head, lungs - 2, 6, 11, 16, 18, 30.

HPV and oncology

In medicine, it is very important to divide virus varieties depending on their oncogenicity, that is, their ability to lead to cancer.

Some types of HPV are completely safe and are not associated with oncogenic risk. This group includes viruses of types 6, 11, 42–44, 53–55. HPV types 6 and 11 most often manifest as genital warts and are relatively safe. It is recommended to remove condylomas and papillomas that have arisen, regardless of their type, even if the root cause is HPV 6 or 11. The need for removal is caused by a reduction in the risk of developing oncology, as well as for aesthetic reasons.

The greatest danger is posed by those strains that are recognized as oncogenic. The presence in the body of any type of disease included in this group carries a high risk of developing cancer.

The most common representatives of high oncogenic risk papillomavirus are: HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 66. However, cancer is not the only threat of infection. For example, HPV type 66 can manifest as serious cervical dysplasia, which is no less dangerous for the female body.

The essence of HPV 16

Human papillomavirus type 16 is the most common virus in clinical practice. For women, it is dangerous due to the high risk of developing cervical cancer and a number of serious cervical dysplasias. Men should be wary of this variety due to the likelihood of Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma and some other malignancies.

Papillomavirus 16 is transmitted sexually, including through oral and anal sex. Papilloma type 16 has slightly more dark color compared with general color skin. Symptoms of the disease spread to the genitals and thighs. The manifestations of the virus are characterized by the dependence of the localization of papillomas and the place of entry into the body. So, if infection occurs as a result of oral sex, papillomas form on the mucous membrane oral cavity. If anal contact is the cause of infection, the anus is affected.

HPV type 16 DNA contains a transforming component and an infectious component. For a very long period of time, papillomavirus type 16 can be completely hidden in the body, without showing symptoms. Cytological studies will help detect infection and accurately determine its type. HPV type 16 can be diagnosed after a smear from the cervix in women or from the urethra in men.

Once HPV type 16 is detected, you should immediately discuss a plan to combat the infection with your healthcare provider. This type of disease is quite aggressive in nature and can quickly transform into more serious illnesses. For HPV type 16, treatment must be thorough and timely. The therapy uses drugs that enhance immunity and have antiviral and cytotoxic effects. Specific drugs and their dosages should be prescribed by a qualified specialist so as not to cause damage to the body and not provoke the transformation of the virus into malignant formations. Under no circumstances should you treat yourself.

Danger of HPV 18

This type of infection has also become widespread throughout the globe. Spread along with its closest relative, HPV 16, papillomavirus type 18 is transmitted in 45% of cases of infection.

In almost 100% of cases, if left untreated, HPV type 18 transforms into cancer. Moreover, in women, the infection causes cancer not only of the cervix, but also of the genitals. Papillomavirus type 18, carried by men, carries a high risk of penile and anal cancer.

Given the aggressive nature of the infection, it is necessary to conduct timely examinations by a gynecologist or urologist. Otherwise, symptoms of the disease will appear even with a slight decrease in immunity. Human papillomavirus 18 reacts very sensitively to hormonal levels, and therefore is often activated during menopause or pregnancy.

HPV 31, 33 and 39

Human papillomavirus 31 manifests itself more often than it occurs in a latent form. Minor deterioration of immunity leads to the appearance of red papillomas on the genitals. The main clusters of papillomas are located on the labia in women and the glans penis in men - for them, HPV type 31 is dangerous for Bowen's disease. It is more difficult for the female body to fight infection, therefore the consequences of having HPV type 31 are more terrible for them and represent cervical cancer.

HPV type 31 is characterized by significant persistence: its treatment takes a long time. However, to protect yourself from dire consequences, treatment is necessary.

Human papillomavirus 33 is another dangerous representative of the oncogenic group. Most of reported cases of infection occur in women. Similar to other risky types of the virus, HPV type 33 manifests itself in the form of condylomas and papillomas, however, in men it is most often asymptomatic. HPV 33 DNA is established through diagnostic procedures, including cytological analysis performed by the polymerase chain reaction method.

HPV type 33 is transmitted primarily through sexual intercourse, but there are cases of infection through skin wounds and during pregnancy (from mother to child). The body can get rid of this type of papillomavirus on its own if you have a strong immune system and a low viral load.

Human papillomavirus 39 is more dangerous for women than for men. IN female body manifestations of infection occur more often, while a man is, as a rule, simply a carrier. HPV type 39 primarily affects the internal genital organs, manifesting itself in the form of flat and genital warts.

HPV 51, 52, 58, 59

Human papillomavirus type 51, when affecting the mucous membranes of the genital organs, also affects the upper layer of the skin. The growth of infection in the skin occurs without itching, however, it is a rather dangerous process.

Papillomavirus 52 usually affects women under 35 years of age. The main factor of infection is promiscuity or unprotected sex. Symptoms of this type of infection are genital warts, which can occur on any part of the body. Mostly clusters of condylomas are located on the genitals near the anus. By the way, HPV type 45 behaves in a similar way, localizing its manifestations in almost the same places.

Type 58 HPV very often does not manifest itself in any way for a long time, but this does not at all detract from its danger for both women and men. male body. The infection provokes the spread of moles, condylomas, papillomas and warts over the entire surface of the body. Very often, children become infected by the virus entering the body through abrasions and wounds. Along with 58, HPV type 21 is also often diagnosed in childhood, manifested by a cluster of warts on the baby’s body, which are treated fairly quickly.

Human papillomavirus 59 sometimes goes away on its own, unable to cope with the protection of the human immune system. Still, you should not rely only on the strength of the body, but undergo timely examination for the presence of such diseases by qualified doctors.

What is HPV, in modern world you just need to know. Despite the widespread prevalence of the virus, people should be extremely careful in their sexual behavior. It is better to find out what it is without detecting an infection in your body, but by studying the issue and changing your lifestyle, if necessary. Compliance simple rules healthy image life will allow you to maintain your health at a high level.

Types of human papillomavirus

Warts are the result of the widespread human papillomavirus (HPV). Medical statistics states that 90% of the world's population are carriers of various human papilloma viruses. Let's learn about this classification in detail.

Today doctors describe more than 70 different types papillomavirus, which causes diseases of the mucous membranes and skin. An experienced dermatologist will be able to determine the genotype of the virus by its external manifestations. They have their own numbering.

Types of human papillomaviruses 57, 29, 27, 26, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19,17, 15, 14, 12, 10, 7 affect the appearance of different types of warts. In particular, HPV 4, 3, 2, 1 cause the appearance of plantar calluses, which in appearance resemble calluses. Viruses types 10, 28 and 49 appear as flat warts. HPV 27 provokes the formation of simple and so-called butcher's warts.

Lesions of the vagina and vulva, penis and cervix in the form of genital warts form virus types 6, 11, 13, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35.

All people are interested in the most dangerous types of human papilloma viruses that cause precancerous conditions. These include HPV 30, 31, 33, 39, 40, 43, 51, 52, 58, 59, 61, 62, 67, 68, 69 and 70. They are called dangerous causes of cancer.

Certain types of viruses are not at all dangerous from an oncological point of view. Low oncogenic risk is HPV 6, 11, 42, 44, 53, 54 and 55. Condylomata acuminata, located on the cervix, are most often caused by viruses 6 and 11, but from the point of view of oncological risk they are relatively safe. Although doctors still advise removing them using a laser. Only the latest generation laser equipment ensures complete sterility of such procedures, fast healing, absence of scars on the mucous membranes after removal.

The most dangerous papillomas are oncological ones. We are talking about those types that have a high degree of cancer risk. These include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 66. They increase the risk of precancerous conditions, and their consequence can be cancer of the vulva, vagina, anus, and penis.

The closest attention to their health should be paid to those people in whose blood papillomaviruses 56 and 66 have been detected. Oncologists associate them with the possibility of developing carcinomas - types of cancer. But these same experts warn that infection with the above types of viruses does not always mean the development of cancer. Medical statistics indicate that the presence of an oncogenic type of HPV in the body increases the risk of precancerous diseases by 60 times, while at the same time, only 1% of women with human papillomavirus infection actually develop uterine cancer.

Sometimes carriage of papillomivirus in people is asymptomatic. Then, to accurately diagnose the type of virus, special studies are carried out.

And if they really confirm that the HPV in the blood belongs to the types of high cancer risk, then doctors recommend undergoing a course of ozone therapy. This is an excellent prevention of viral activity. Ozone droppers effectively deactivate the virus. Manipulations allow you to forget about pathology for several years. Ozone therapy, moreover, relieves stress and human anxiety associated with all possible health risks.

If the above papillomaviruses are detected, a person should definitely consult an oncologist. He will prescribe an examination and adequate treatment if necessary.

Papillomaviruses 16, 18, 31, 33, 56, 66, 70, manifested in the form of condylomas on the vaginal mucosa and external genitalia, are a reason for an immediate visit to an oncologist and a thorough examination. Only if you apply in a timely manner medical care oncogenic health risks can be minimized.

Papillomatosis is a viral disease with pronounced symptoms. With HPV 2, epithelial proliferation occurs, causing neoplasms to appear on the skin. They can cause a person not only aesthetic discomfort, but also cause the development of oncology.

It is very problematic to detect HPV in time; in most cases, the disease proceeds without symptoms for a long time

HPV, or human papillomavirus, is a small, DNA-containing virus that is heat-stable and this moment is the most common sexually transmitted infection. The results of some studies indicate that up to 80% of the population is infected in this way. This virus belongs to a fairly large family of papovaviruses, transmitted through tactile and sexual contact.

Currently, there are three methods of infection:

Promiscuous sexual intercourse. We are talking about vaginal, anal and oral sex. Infection with this virus is possible even when using a condom. The fact is that the size of the virus is so small that it is able to penetrate the pores of latex. Therefore, the best protection against HPV is confidence in your partner and the absence of random contacts.

Close contact of skin and mucous membranes with infected areas. Sometimes just a touch is enough. Papillomavirus is transmitted by using the same clothing, personal hygiene products, etc.
Pathogenic bacteria can be transmitted to the fetus during childbirth or during intrauterine development.

The pathology has pronounced external signs. Warts, papillomas or genital warts appear on the skin. They can have different sizes, shapes and locations. An infected person may develop one or two growths, or many similar defects.

The danger of the virus also lies in the fact that it is capable of developing hidden for a long time. Many people don't even know they are sick. Only when the body’s defense system fails do external signs of the virus begin to appear. Neoplasms can appear both on the skin and mucous membranes.

In addition, peculiar provocateurs pathological process may be the following factors:

avitaminosis;
frequent worries and stress;
taking hormonal medications;
the presence of chronic pathologies in the body;
pregnancy and breastfeeding;
poor nutrition, lack useful substances in organism;
neglect of personal hygiene rules;
bad habits;
hormonal imbalances in the body.

One of the main dangers of papillomavirus is the degeneration of growths into malignant neoplasms. Fortunately, HPV types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are non-oncogenic, which means that cancer cannot develop from such skin defects. They are benign and are not capable of causing any harm to the human body, only aesthetic discomfort is possible. However, if the papilloma is located in a place where there is frequent friction with clothing, then it is better to remove it by contacting a specialist.

At the moment, more than one hundred types of papillomavirus are known. Similarities appearance papillomas belonging to different genotypes significantly complicate the diagnostic process. In order to accurately establish the non-oncogenic nature of the growths, it is necessary to contact a specialist for further comprehensive diagnostics.

According to ICD-10, the group of skin papillomas is classified as D23. It unites all benign growths on human skin.

HPV type 1

Human papillomavirus type 1 is characterized by the formation of warts on the sole

Penetrating into the body, this type of virus causes the appearance of plantar warts. People call them thorns. Despite the fact that such growths are absolutely not dangerous, they can cause significant discomfort to their owner. Localized on the surfaces of the feet and palms (less frequently), they are not at all protected from mechanical stress and can be injured at the slightest impact.

As a result, such warts can bleed and hurt, preventing a person from moving normally. Additional discomfort occurs due to keratinization and cracking of growths.

Initially, warts are almost invisible, but over time they begin to hurt and itch. The reason is that the defect grows not outward, but inward. Since there are many pain receptors and nerve endings under the skin of the foot, the development of a wart is accompanied by significant discomfort.

If the immune system If a person is strong enough, such growths disappear on their own a month after their appearance. For some people, a plantar wart may persist for up to a year.

Indications for drug treatment for HPV type 1 the following:

there is significant discomfort when walking;
the patient suffers from severe pain;
the number or size of warts increases.

HPV type 2

These are so-called vulgar warts, the localization of which can be the following areas:

body;
hands;
feet.

They are not distinguished from other types of growths big sizes and plurality. It is very easy to recognize such warts - in in this case several defects appear at once. One of them, the largest, is called the maternal one. The remaining growths are usually smaller in size and are called daughter growths.

Penetration of the causative agent of the virus into the body occurs through small cuts and abrasions that occur on the skin, as a result of which the division of healthy cells is disrupted. At the same time, warts caused by HPV type 2 are often located opposite each other, in places where parts of the body come into contact. Most often we are talking about neighboring fingers. Due to this feature, such warts are often called “kissing” warts.

This type of papillomavirus is characterized by significant resistance, and therefore HPV 2 can remain on the body for more than six months. If during this time the growths do not disappear, this is a reason to contact a specialist.

HPV type 3

The third type of virus is characterized by wart rashes on the neck

These neoplasms are called juvenile warts. They most often appear in teenagers. In extremely rare cases, such growths can affect people over forty years of age.

Warts form on the neck, face, legs, arms and other parts of the body, but never appear on the palms, feet or intimate areas. Such growths disappear on their own and, as a rule, do not require treatment. Therapy may only be required if the following changes occur:

heterogeneity of color;
bleeding;
very fast growth;
ulceration as a result of a violation of integrity;
merging into groups of multiple neoplasms (the appearance of so-called conglomerates).

The formation of juvenile warts occurs due to infection HPV virus Type 3 followed by a sharp drop in immunity. As a rule, such growths disappear as they grow older and do not appear again.

HPV type 4

As in the case of HPV 1, we are talking about plantar growths. At first, the patient develops a small callus, and he may not even realize that a wart is growing on his leg.

Over time, this defect increases in size, itching and discomfort. Next, a slight roughness is observed on the surface of the wart, and then black dots, which are clogged small capillaries. As a result, the edges of the growth rise somewhat above its middle, taking on the shape of a roller.

Treatment of this type warts are carried out in the following cases:

The growth interferes with the patient's normal movement, causing pain and injury.
The number of warts increases.
The growth changes color or shape, thereby arousing suspicion from a specialist.

HPV type 5

Decreased immunity can cause the appearance of warts and papillomas

This type of papillomavirus is a provocateur of juvenile warts. In some cases, skin defects appear without direct contact with the carrier of the virus. The cause of neoplasms is a sharp decrease in immunity against the background hormonal changes body.

When the body is infected with HPV 5, not only warts, but also other formations, such as pimples and acne, may appear. As a rule, they form on the skin of the face. If this happens, the patient should contact a dermatologist or endocrinologist.

What is the danger of HPV

Papillomavirus is capable of infecting the skin and mucous membranes, as a result of which warts, genital warts and other neoplasms of a benign and malignant nature appear on them. At the first stages, the infectious process is asymptomatic.

Until recently, papillomavirus infection was considered a benign disease. Today, this pathology is considered extremely dangerous due to the possibility of sexual transmission and the high likelihood of developing oncology.

Most types of the virus are non-oncogenic and are perceived as a cosmetic defect. This also applies to the five types of HPV described above. However, there are also types of papillomavirus that can provoke the development of cervical dysplasia and cancer of the female genital organs, penis and rectum. We are talking about HPV types 16, 18, 35, 39, 55 and 58.

Regarding the existing risk of degeneration into malignancy papillomaviruses can be divided into 3 groups:

Non-oncogenic. These forms of HPV cannot cause the development of cancer. We are talking about genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Low carcinogenic risk. This group is represented by five genotypes that lead to the appearance of benign neoplasms. However, the occurrence of such growths in the urethra of men and the uterus of women can cause significant problems. This group includes HPV 6, 11, 42, 43 and 44.
High carcinogenic risk. The most dangerous group of viruses that are most likely to cause cancer. If you are infected with this type of HPV, the risk of developing anal cancer is 90%. At the same time, in 40% of cases, oncology of the genital organs develops, and in 10%, cancer of the larynx develops. The group of these viruses is represented by 15 genotypes, the most common of which are 16, 18, 39, 58 and 59.

Symptoms

In women, human papillomavirus infection can cause genital warts

As mentioned above, papillomavirus can develop asymptomatically for a long time. In this case, it can be identified only through professional diagnostics or when immunity is weakened, when the disease begins to manifest itself externally.

Any papilloma or wart begins its development with a small tubercle, which subsequently increases in size and takes on a specific shape depending on the type of pathology. Most often, the growth of the formation is not accompanied by any sensations. The exception is plantar warts, when they develop, the patient may experience pain or itching.

Which doctor should I contact?

If you notice a wart or papilloma on your body, you should not panic. If such a defect is isolated and does not interfere with management Everyday life, then you can ignore it.

If the neoplasms are multiple, large in size or have a suspicious shape, then it is advisable to contact a dermatologist as soon as possible. Depending on the nature of the warts, he may refer the patient to an endocrinologist and other specialists. Based on the results of comprehensive diagnostics, it will be possible to determine the exact cause of the disease and the type of virus.

Diagnostics

Diagnostics will help identify the progressing virus in the body

To accurately determine the type of papilloma virus and prescribe effective treatment, the patient must undergo procedures such as:

Colposcopy. It is carried out if there is a suspicion of the formation of papillomas on the female genital organs. The technology allows you to examine the mucous membranes, magnifying the picture several times, and notice the smallest defects in the tissues.
Cytological method. Based on examination of a smear using a microscope.
Histological examination. Involves taking a small sample of tissue to examine it using a microscope.
HPV tests. At the moment, there are several highly accurate tests that can accurately determine the presence of HPV in the human body. We are talking about tests such as PCR, Digene test, as well as laboratory tests aimed at detecting antibodies to papillomavirus.

Treatment

At the moment, it is impossible to completely remove the papilloma virus from the body. For this reason, treatment is primarily aimed at eliminating HPV symptoms. There are several following techniques used in modern medicine to eliminate papillomas:

Destructive methods. They are methods of local influence on growths. These may involve either physical excision or the use of chemicals to remove the condyloma.
Drug therapy. For the most part, it is based on the use of cytotoxic, antiviral and immunological drugs. The course of treatment and specific dosages are determined individually.

Despite the apparent harmlessness of papillomas, the appearance of such defects on the skin can lead to extremely undesirable consequences, including the development of oncology. For this reason, you should consult a dermatologist if you notice such growths.