Date: 02/06/2016
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Pterygium, the treatment of which is quite complicated, is one of the most common eye diseases. In another way it is also called the pterygoid hymen. This disease is formed due to changes in the tissue of the conjunctiva. A certain triangular-shaped film is formed, located on the eyeball from the bridge of the nose. Over time, the film can grow and move onto the pupil, in such cases vision deteriorates sharply.
Pterygium can develop in both eyes at once. Vision can be severely impaired as the growth develops and spreads throughout the eye. The size of the pterygium can be different, depending on the stage of the disease, for example, at the first stage, the growth is practically invisible, it does not affect the function in any way visual system and has only a small cosmetic defect. The second stage of the pterygoid membrane covering the eyes is characterized by a growth large size, very noticeable. It interferes with the cornea of the eye, thereby impairing vision.
Reasons for the development of pterygium
Doctors still cannot determine the exact causes of this disease, but there are certain factors that influence the development of pterygium. These are factors such as:
- Heredity. Most often, the wing-shaped film covering the eye is transmitted through genes.
- People living in the southern part of the earth's hemisphere are more susceptible to this disease. It's all because of ultraviolet radiation. Excessive ultraviolet radiation affects the occurrence and development of pterygium.
- The appearance of a pterygoid hymen may depend on the negative environment. Factors such as dust, dirt, strong wind, smoke, may be the cause of its occurrence.
- Tendency to frequent various diseases, for example, angiopathy, infections, persistent allergies, etc.
- Work involving harmful chemical mixtures and powders. Hit harmful substances in the eyes may also negatively affect the development of this disease.
- Eye fatigue, constant work at the computer, cold wind from the air conditioner blowing into the eyes can be one of the causes of pterygium.
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Symptoms of the disease
If you believe the statistics, pterygium occurs and develops regardless of age and gender, but most often this disease affects men over 25 years of age. Pterygium occurs very rarely in young people under 25 years of age. Pterygium is practically not observed in a newborn, but there are exceptions when the child gets some kind of infection in the eyes that damages the visual system.
The following symptoms are observed with this disease:
- Barely noticeable cloudiness on the surface of the eye.
- The appearance of a small growth on the surface of the cornea of the eye.
- Feeling foreign body in the eye.
- Feeling of dryness and irritation in the eye.
- If the pterygoid film grows on the cornea, then vision decreases.
- The occurrence of such phenomena as itching, burning, swelling, redness, increased lacrimation.
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Pterygium and its treatment
If pterygium develops in the early stages, its treatment can be advanced with the help of medications. The attending physician, an ophthalmologist, can prescribe various ointments to relieve swelling, irritation and itching of the eyes, drops that support the mucous membrane (artificial tear preparations), various gels, etc. It is advisable to wear ultra-protective glasses in the first stages of the disease. After drug treatment, the pterygoid hymen will not bother you, but the slightest overwork can contribute to its reappearance. Drug treatment can prevent it from spreading to the cornea of the eye.
Advanced pterygium is difficult to treat.
If the disease is advanced, then removal of the pterygium involves surgery.
Only surgically This disease can be completely eradicated. Today there is a large number of modern surgical methods removal and treatment of the pterygoid hymen.
- Laser treatment. By using laser treatment You can remove the pterygoid hymen without fear of damaging visual functions.
- Conjunctival grafts. With their help, you can replace the damaged membrane of the eye using special glue or suture.
The postoperative period does not always go smoothly. May happen allergic reactions on suture material, or grafts may not be suitable. Therefore, before undergoing surgery, it is necessary to consult with specialists and undergo all tests on time so that there is no allergy to the medications you are taking. After the operation, treatment continues, the eyes are treated with special antibacterial ointments and drops. This is necessary to prevent infection from entering the cornea, as this can lead to vision impairment. Don't forget that surgical treatment You can remove the growth and pterygoid hymen, but to prevent the disease from recurring, you need to take certain precautions.
03.09.2014 | Viewed by: 7,149 people.Pterygium is formed from conjunctival tissue that has undergone degenerative changes, and grows from the limbus towards the middle of the cornea. Pterygium may have different sizes- from a couple of millimeters to large formations that cover the cornea and significantly reduce the patient’s quality of life.
What is a pterygium?
Pterygium, or pterygoid hymen, is an abnormal formation located on the inner corner of the eye, having a triangular shape.
The development of pathology can be rapid, characterized by rapid growth, or slow.
Prevalence
Epidemiology is directly related to a person’s place of residence. For example, in the United States, in those geographic areas that are above 40 degrees latitude, the prevalence of pathology does not exceed 2% of 100% of the population.
IN populated areas, located at a latitude of 28-36 degrees, the incidence increases to 10%.
According to experts, this is due to an increase in the amount of solar radiation received by humans. 
In females, the pathology develops less frequently than in males, which is due to the more frequent exposure of males to the scorching rays of the sun due to their type of work. The first signs of pterygium are usually observed at a young and mature age (25-40 years). Before the age of 20, the disease is rarely recorded.
Causes of the disease
The causes of the development of the disease are: high frequency and duration of exposure to ultraviolet radiation on the eye area, which is typical for residents of regions with hot climates, work in open areas, neglect of methods and means of eye protection. A hereditary predisposition to the appearance of signs of pterygium has also been proven.
Symptoms of pterygium
On early stages illness, any symptoms may be completely absent. Later, signs of eye irritation develop, redness of the conjunctiva, a feeling of the presence of sand, “fog” in the eyes, swelling of the eyelids, and a slight decrease in visual function. 
Diagnostic methods
An examination by an ophthalmologist includes testing visual acuity and visual inspection using a special lamp. If myopia and astigmatism occur, keratotopography is prescribed. Dynamic tracking of ongoing processes allows one to calculate the rate of disease development.
Consequences and complications
Among the unpleasant symptoms that may appear as pterygium progresses are:
- incomplete vision of objects, distortion of their outlines;
- significant loss of vision;
- pain in the eyes, severe irritation, inflammation of the conjunctiva due to rubbing, scratching;
- the appearance of adhesions, scars on the cornea, eyelids, etc.;
- fusion of pterygium tissue with other parts of the organ of vision, decreased mobility of extraocular muscles, as a result of which the eyeball may lose mobility;
- doubling of objects ().
The phenomena of diplopia most often develop due to partial paralysis of the external muscle. If the patient has undergone surgery for pterygium, such unpleasant consequences can be observed as a result of separation of the muscle tendon from the area of its attachment.
A rare complication of pterygium is degeneration of the cornea with pronounced thinning, which is observed against the background of regular contact of the cornea with the protruding part of the formation.
The most dangerous, but rarest consequence of the disease may be its degeneration into a malignant tumor.
Treatment of pterygium
To reduce the rate of progression of the disease, drops such as “artificial tears”, moisturizing gels and ointments are used. Patients are recommended to constantly wear glasses with UV filters when outdoors. To eliminate the symptoms of pterygium, use eye ointments and drops with glucocorticosteroids.
Surgical treatment
A radical way to eliminate formation in the area of the inner corner of the eye is surgery. It is performed to restore the aesthetic appeal of the face, as well as for therapeutic purposes (to normalize visual acuity, eliminate discomfort, irritation and other symptoms).
Surgical removal of pterygium can be performed according to various techniques, but all of them are aimed at excision of abnormally overgrown tissue.
It has been noted that removal of pterygium without subsequent drug treatment leads to its reappearance in half or more of the cases.
To prevent this from happening, immediately after the operation they are treated with immunosuppressants (cytostatics), courses of β-irradiation therapy are carried out, the affected area is treated with cryocoagulants, etc.
If postoperative therapy was carried out in to the fullest, the probability of recurrence of pterygium is no more than 10%.
If the pterygium is of significant size, it may be necessary to transplant (glue or sew in) a conjunctival autograft or special artificial membranes to hide the resulting cosmetic defect.
The operation is not complicated and is often performed under local anesthesia. In parallel with anti-relapse treatment, it is prescribed antibacterial therapy, drops to prevent inflammation.
In some cases, the operation leads to the development of complications. These may be: infection of the eye, transplant rejection, inflammation of the tissue in the suture area, visual dysfunction (for example, double vision), the appearance of scars on the cornea of the eye.
The rarest, but still occurring, complications are perforation eyeball, penetration of blood into vitreous. During treatment with cytostatics and radiation therapy The cornea may become thinner, and sometimes scleral ectasia occurs.
Have you noticed, when looking into the eyes of an elderly person, a red film on the conjunctiva? It is as if blood vessels have formed a path in the inner or outer corner of the eye. This is a pterygium. Don't be afraid of this difficult-to-pronounce diagnosis, and let's figure out why it occurs.
Pterygium (translated from Latin language“wing”) is a thickening of the conjunctiva, which can gradually grow onto the transparent part of the eye - the cornea. In advanced cases, the pterygium reaches the pupil and closes it, leading to loss of vision.
Causes
Pterygium is a thickening of the conjunctiva that gradually spreads to the cornea.Pterygium most often develops in middle-aged and elderly people, but it can also appear in young people. In children it is congenital. First of all, people of the Mongoloid race living in hot countries with a dry climate are susceptible to this disease. Strong wind with sand, the influence of direct solar radiation can provoke the development of this formation. The action of chemical irritants plays an important role.
Pterygium can be detected by looking in a mirror. It is located in the inner or outer corner of the eye; in complicated cases, pterygium is found on both sides at once.
Treatment
The disease progresses slowly and initial stages does not affect visual acuity, without causing any discomfort. Removal of pterygium in this case performed at the request of the patient for cosmetic purposes.
However, if the pterygium begins to grow, then discomfort When blinking, vision may deteriorate due to astigmatism, which develops as a film builds up on the cornea. In such cases, urgent surgery is required.
As a rule, it is carried out under local anesthesia. Anesthetic drops are instilled into the patient, and an anesthetic solution is injected into the thickness of the pterygium. The film is excised with a blade, the conjunctival defect is sutured. An aseptic bandage is applied to the eye. After the operation, the doctor prescribes anti-inflammatory drops. No hospitalization required. There is no need to adhere to a special regime after the intervention. After 10–14 days, the patient can begin to work.
In advanced cases, when the pterygium completely covers the pupil, object vision disappears. Surgical intervention becomes technically more difficult for the surgeon and more difficult for the patient to tolerate. After surgery, vision may not be restored to the level that was before the development of pterygium, because it firmly fuses with the cornea, and with it surgical department its transparency is impaired. That is why it is important not to miss the moment when the operation will be performed quickly, efficiently and will not bring disappointment to either the doctor or the patient.
Features postoperative period are:
- expressed painful sensations, because the cornea, from which part of the pterygium is removed, is the most sensitive membrane of the eye. When it is damaged, which is inevitable during surgery, the so-called corneal syndrome develops, manifested by pain that prevents you from opening the eye and lacrimation. As soon as the corneal wound heals, the discomfort disappears;
- possibility of bleeding from blood vessels conjunctiva for several hours after surgery. This is not something to be afraid of! Just change the wet bandage to a new one;
- prolonged redness of the eye. Since the pterygium is completely permeated with blood vessels, when it is removed, blood may flow under the conjunctiva with the formation of hemorrhage. It resolves on its own without treatment within 1–2 weeks.
- Since sutures are placed on the conjunctival defect, at first you may feel a feeling of speck in the eye. Don't worry, the stitches will dissolve on their own in 7-10 days;
- Pterygium is a recurrent disease. If it appears again after removal, another operation will be required.
Remember that no folk and medicinal methods treatment of pterygium this moment does not exist. If this formation appears in you or your loved ones, you should immediately consult an ophthalmologist!
The organs of vision, unlike other components of the human body, work most days - on average, about 16 hours. Due to overexertion, the eyes stop perceiving the picture of the surrounding world in real light - the impression of cloudiness is created. But this is not the worst reason - sometimes the veil can signal the presence of dangerous diseases.
Features of manifestation
The feeling of a veil before the eyes is also called the condition of “tired” eyes. As a rule, this symptom manifests itself:
- after a hard day at work;
- in the morning with insufficient adaptation to bright sunlight;
- after a long time working with electronic devices(computers, smartphones, tablets).
Usually this condition is temporary and goes away within a couple of hours after changing activities. If blurred vision accompanies you for a long period, there is reason to think about the presence of diseases or a change in occupation.
IN in some cases the veil is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- redness of the whites of the eyes;
- fatigue of the eye muscles;
- itching;
- dryness of the mucous membranes of the eyeball;
- general weakness;
- interference with vision - flying spots, ripples, ;
- problems with perception of bright daylight.
The veil can be observed in one or both eyes at the same time.
Reasons for the appearance of film
The main reason for blurred vision is the effect of irritants on the eyes and surrounding organs. Below are examples of the main stimulating factors.
Bright light
Staying under straight lines for a long time sun rays provokes the eyes to become accustomed to such an environment. After this, it is difficult for people to adapt their vision in dark rooms, even with the lights on.
Residents of southern European countries, Africa, as well as sailors are most susceptible to this symptom.
Mechanical irritants
This includes dust particles on the street or in production (construction, industrial enterprises), strong wind, sand. Mechanical stimuli also include artificial stimuli - computer monitors, telephones and televisions.
Biological factors
Some people are genetically predisposed to developing visual diseases, such as. Chronic manifestations of visual impairment also fall into the category of natural irritants.
The greatest danger comes from visible forms of clouding of the lens or white of the eye. Unlike cloudiness, which is directly felt by the person himself, if cloudiness is visually manifested, it is necessary to urgently consult an ophthalmologist.
Diseases with similar symptoms
The veil before the eyes often speaks of development pathological diseases organs of vision. The most common are the following.
Focus problems
This includes,. In this case, a person sees things cloudy at a certain distance (near, far).
It is observed mainly in adults over the age of 40 years. The manifestation is problems with reading at close range. Usually, only one eye sees worse at first. If measures are not taken, vision in the other eye will deteriorate over time.
Cataract
A dangerous disease that threatens complete loss of vision if not detected and treated in a timely manner. It manifests itself in a gradual clouding of the lens of the eye until it becomes completely clouded. Unfortunately, in later stages it can only be cured with surgical intervention.
Glaucoma
Another one serious illness with temporary blurred vision, which gradually increases over time. At poor eyesight- only an accompanying sign that indicates a change (more often - an increase) in pressure in the blood vessels of the eyeball.
Macular degeneration
Like presbyopia, it develops more often in older people (usually about 60 years old) with prolonged work with objects at close range:
- needlework, especially its types that require working with a magnifying glass;
- reading;
- working on a computer.
Gradually, slight clouding develops into a complete distortion of the shapes and lines of surrounding objects in the patient’s field of vision.
The most dangerous manifestation of vision problems is internal bleeding in the eye. The blurred vision has a reddish tint. Often observed in diabetics and hypertensive patients.
Neuritis
Inflammation of the nerves in the organs of vision leads to an increase in the load on them, which is why the picture seems blurry and it is difficult to focus on specific objects. When the disease relapses, a veil appears suddenly before the eyes and seems quite dense.
One of the main signs of migraine is pain when focusing vision, when looking at bright light. During attacks, the patient’s eyes seem to be covered with a dark cloud.
Sudden changes in the working processes of the brain can irreversibly affect vision and blur it. The same goes for oncological tumors in the head area, especially if vision problems are observed only in 1 eye.
Video: Fog (veil) before the eyes
Veil in newborns
Despite the fact that vision problems occur predominantly in young people over 18 years of age and adults over 40 years of age, about 5% of newborns are also susceptible to eye diseases. One of the most dangerous is, which manifests itself in obstruction tear ducts.
Inside the mother, the fetus is protected by special film-like membranes, thanks to which amniotic fluid does not enter the body. At birth, the membrane does not always break, which makes it difficult for fluid to flow through the tear ducts. Over time, this leads to clouding.
The disease may have the following causes:
- the development of tear ducts is pathological;
- there are no tear ducts;
- During childbirth, the child received a facial injury;
- During childbirth, increased pressure is placed on the baby's head.
In addition to cloudy eyes, infant There is involuntary release of tears, pus in the corners of the eyes, redness, swelling of the eyelids. Diagnose the disease and prescribe correct treatment only a qualified ophthalmologist can.
Treatment options
Before using any type of treatment, you should consult with a qualified ophthalmologist to determine the cause of the clouding and discuss the best ways to eliminate it.
Traditional medicine
If vision problems are not accompanied by a visible manifestation of a veil, the patient is prescribed vasoconstrictor or vasodilator drops or ointments that reduce fatigue, swelling, and wash the membrane of the eye from mechanical irritants.
For eye problems accompanying symptom For other diseases (migraine, allergies), medications are prescribed that directly eliminate the causative agent of the disease.
If the clouding becomes visible to those around the patient, a treatment chart is developed. The clouded area is examined, its behavior is observed, and therapy is prescribed depending on the disease and symptoms.
In acute cases, vision surgery is required. In about a day, the patient begins to prepare for surgery, excluding blood thinning factors. Surgical intervention is performed using a scalpel or laser, which has certain advantages:
- exclusion of internal bleeding due to timely cauterization of vessels with a laser;
- there is no need for sutures;
- the rehabilitation process takes less time;
- pain sensations are smoothed out.
Removal of the visible area of opacity is possible only with surgery; there are no mechanisms for its drug treatment.
Video: What to do if a veil appears before your eyes?
Available means
Decoctions of plants with medicinal properties help relieve inflammation, rinse and soothe the eye:
- chamomile;
- yarrow;
- Linden;
- herbal collection;
- yarrow root.
They are taken in the following forms:
- washing;
- baths;
- compresses.
Usually on packages medicinal herbs A printed recipe for their use for the visual organs is posted.
If you don’t have the above substances at home and you need to wash your eyes urgently, you can use pure black tea. It is necessary to brew strong tea without sugar, moisten a cotton pad with it, rinse the eye or apply it to the eyelid for a while. If the tea is bagged, apply a freshly brewed bag to the eyelid.
Preventive measures
Regular hygiene of the visual organs will help to avoid the manifestation of dangerous diseases and reduce eye fatigue at the end of the working day. Recommendations from qualified ophthalmologists:
- regular visits to an ophthalmologist at least once a year for general diagnostics organs of vision;
- mandatory washing and disinfection of hands before working with the mucous membranes of the eyes (putting on/removing contact lenses, for example);
- doing eye exercises and resting for about 10 minutes permanent job at computer. The eyes should rest at least once every hour and a half;
- use clean and intact (no scratches, chips) sunglasses for protection from direct sunlight;
- When working in a dusty industry or in bright daylight, mandatory eye protection from irritants is required (plastic glasses or a mask that completely limits the access of the irritant to the organs of vision and the area around the eyes).
In addition, the eyes must be washed clean water when washing in the morning and evening.
Video: An effective remedy for the feeling of film in the morning
Since a person receives about 90% of all information through vision, it is necessary to pay attention to even such minor changes as blurred vision at the end of the working day. Timely identification of the cause of vision problems will help avoid the development of serious diseases.
Pterygium is an ugly growth on the skin that causes discomfort. Many people do not pay attention to this disease, considering it a cosmetic defect that does not require special treatment. But is this really so?
Pterygium is a disease of the conjunctiva (mucous membrane) of the eye, in which its tissue changes and grows on the cornea. Such growth most often occurs from the medial (inner) corner of the organ of vision. In most cases, both eyes are affected. Experts also call pterygium pterygium or pterygoid hymen. The formation has a triangular shape, gradually growing towards the pupil.
Pterygium is a wing-shaped formation
In addition to a cosmetic defect, the pterygoid hymen causes discomfort and ultimately reduces visual acuity.
The disease is more susceptible to older people, residents of northern and southern latitudes, as well as people whose eyes are constantly exposed to various irritants.
Pterygium: video
Classification of the disease: false and true pterygium
Pterygium is classified according to its origin, progression and clinical development.
There are primary (true) and secondary (false) pterygium. True occurs primarily in older people as a result of exposure harmful factors on the mucous membrane of the eye. Secondary, also called pseudopterygium, develops as a result of cicatricial changes in the conjunctiva due to various injuries, surgeries, burns, and inflammations. False pterygium differs from true pterygium in that it does not progress and can be located anywhere in the eye.
Depending on the tendency to progression, there are:
Clinically, pterygium is divided into five stages depending on visual impairment, depth of ingrowth and developed astigmatism.
Why pathology occurs: development factors
The histological prerequisite for the development of pterygium is the same origin of the stratum corneum and conjunctival tissue. Hereditary predisposition plays a significant role in the occurrence of the disease.
The exact reasons causing pathology, experts cannot name. There are factors that provoke the occurrence and progression of pterygium:
The occurrence of pterygium provokes chronic irritation of the eyes by harmful substances
The constant influence of harmful factors on the eyes provokes inflammation of the conjunctiva, changes in the epithelial layer of the outer layer of the eye and the proliferation of small blood vessels. Due to increased blood circulation in the eye shell, corneal keratocytes are activated - cells related to fibroblasts (“building blocks” connective tissue organism). They cause the proliferation of connective tissue, from which the pterygoid hymen is formed.
Symptoms of pterygium: degrees and stages of occurrence
At the very beginning, the disease does not manifest itself with any unpleasant symptoms. The first sign of pterygium is clouding of a small area of the edge of the cornea, then a small formation appears in this place, which gradually grows.
As the hymen enlarges, the patient begins to be bothered by the feeling of a speck in the eye and persistent discomfort. These unpleasant symptoms occur due to irritation of the nerve endings on the inner surface of the eyelid. Constant dryness and burning are caused by a disruption in the formation of the physiological moisturizing film on the eye. The more the pterygium grows, the more severe the symptoms become. When the formation grows on the central part of the cornea, visual acuity decreases. Sometimes the pterygoid hymen becomes inflamed and then swelling of the conjunctiva, redness of the sclera, itching and lacrimation occur.
Pterygium of the eye stage 3
The pterygium has three parts: body, head and cap. The anterior flat edge or cap is the tip of the hymen and is composed of fibroblasts that germinate and destroy the corneal membrane. Behind the cap is a head with a developed network of small vessels, which tightly fuses with the cornea of the eye. The body of the hymen is the largest mobile part of the pterygium.
The progressive form of the disease is characterized by a thickened head protruding above the surface of the cornea and a developed vascular network. Based on the condition of the vessels of the hymen, doctors determine its ability to grow:
There are five clinical stages in the development of the disease:
Diagnosis of pterygoid hymen
It is quite simple for an ophthalmologist to diagnose pterygium, since the hymen is well defined visually. Usually, the doctor performs ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy using a slit lamp, and keratotopography (scanning the surface of the cornea). These examination methods allow the specialist to determine the condition of the fundus of the eye, the level of astigmatism caused by the disease, as well as assess the lesion and the degree of fusion of the hymen with the stratum corneum.
Photo gallery: examination of the patient
Ophthalmoscopy - examination of the fundus of the eye Biomicroscopy using a slit lamp is used for research different departments eyeball Keratotopography - study of the surface of the cornea
Differential diagnosis
Pterygium should be differentiated from the following eye diseases:
Treatment of the disease: are folk remedies effective?
The only complete treatment for pterygium is surgery. Drug treatment Moreover, folk remedies cannot completely get rid of the problem.
Use of medications
Conservative treatment is prescribed to alleviate symptoms and slow down the growth of the pterygoid hymen.
The pterygium should be measured periodically to determine the rate at which the formation is growing: first every 3 months, then once a year.
To reduce eye irritation, artificial tear preparations are prescribed: drops Oxial, Hypromelose, Defislez, Slezin, Hilo-Komod, Visin, eye gels - Oftagel, Vidisik, Systein-gel.
For moderate or moderate inflammation of the pterygium severe weak local steroid drugs are prescribed: fluoromethanol solution, loteprendol solution, Dexamethasone drops. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used: Diclofenac, Nevanac, Broxinac drops.
In some cases, Dexamethasone is prescribed as an injection into the body of the hymen in a two-time course of 10 injections with a one-month break. As a result, flattening and atrophy of the body of the ptegirium and disruption of its blood supply are observed. This therapy is indicated for the treatment of stage 1 disease.
To slow down the growth of the pterygoid hymen, the drug Emoxipin (Lakemox), a synthetic antioxidant, is used. For the same purpose, vitamin preparations are recommended - Choline, Riboflavin, instilled into the eye. These funds, improving metabolic processes in the cornea, slow down the growth of pterygium. Injections of hyaluronidase inhibit the development of connective tissue, thereby helping to stop the growth of the hymen. This therapy is effective only for grades 1–2 of the disease; with severe severity of pterygium, it can only serve as an addition to surgical treatment.
Photo gallery: drugs for the symptomatic treatment of pterygium
Visine is prescribed to eliminate symptoms of dryness and irritation of the eyes. Drops Oxial - to moisturize the cornea. 
Oftagel drops are prescribed to moisturize the cornea of the eye Broxinac drops are necessary to relieve inflammation and pain Systane ultra drops to eliminate dry eye syndrome Diclofenac eye drops are prescribed to relieve inflammation 
Emoxipine is prescribed to slow the growth of pterygium 
Dexamethasone in eye drops has an anti-inflammatory effect
Surgical treatment: methods for removing pterygium
Surgical treatment is carried out both for cosmetic purposes and as necessary if the enlarged hymen has reached the optical part of the cornea, due to which vision is steadily declining and the patient experiences severe discomfort.
Contraindications to surgery to remove the pterygoid hymen:
Modern surgical ophthalmology can offer many techniques for removing pterygium. All of them are aimed at excision of formation. However, pterygium is prone to relapses, moreover, more aggressive than the initial case, therefore normal deletion tissue is ineffective.
Surgery to remove pterygium using layer-by-layer barrier keratoplasty
The technique of excision of pterygium tissue is often used, followed by closing the site of the pterygoid hymen with a conjunctival autograft (a section of healthy conjunctiva extracted from under the upper eyelid) or amniotic membrane. Sutures or special biological glue are used to secure the material to the wound.
Surgery to remove pterygium using an autograft
There is an interesting technique for preventing the recurrence of petrigium. The hymen is excised, a special film is applied to the “bare” area of the sclera, which contains Mitomycin-c (an antitumor antibiotic) or 5-Fluorouracil (antimetabolite), it is fixed, and the rest of the wound is covered with healthy conjunctiva. A week after the operation, the film is removed. This method allows not only to avoid relapses, but also gives a good cosmetic effect due to complete epithelization of the wound.
Applications of 20% ethanol are also used to the body of the pterygium before removal and to the sclera after excision. This method is comparable in effectiveness to the use of Mitomycin, and healing of the cornea occurs even faster.
The operation itself is performed on an outpatient basis, under local anesthesia and lasts about half an hour. 2 hours after the procedure, the patient can return home. The duration of sick leave is determined individually.
Surgery to remove pterygium with conjunctival plastic surgery using Alloplant: video
Postoperative period: precautions
After the intervention, the patient is given an eye patch, which must be worn until next day and can be changed when dirty. After its removal, it is necessary to instill medications prescribed by the doctor into the operated eye according to a certain scheme. Anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed antibacterial agents and antimetabolites:
The total duration of postoperative therapy is about 30 days.
Do not wet the operated eye for a week. It is recommended to wear glasses with protective ultraviolet filters for two weeks after the intervention. Physical activity is prohibited for the same period.
After surgery, the patient is usually bothered by visual impairment. If the procedure is successful, this function is restored within 5–7 days, sometimes this period lasts a month.
In addition to visual impairment, the patient has corneal syndrome after surgery:
Possible bleeding from the conjunctiva (immediately after surgery), swelling of the operated eye, redness of the eyeball (goes away in 1–2 weeks).
After 7 days, the doctor conducts a follow-up examination; you can begin work 10–14 days after the operation.
After the operation, it is necessary to instill eye drops with medications prescribed by the doctor according to a certain scheme.
Except traditional surgery To remove pterygium, doctors use laser treatment. With its help, the head of the pterygoid hymen is cauterized. This method is less traumatic and safer for the patient’s eyes. Recovery period after laser surgery it is shorter and there are fewer complications.
Treatment prognosis and complications
The most common complications of progressive pterygium can be:
The following conditions are less common:
Therefore, it is necessary to remove the pterygoid hymen.
Possible complications after surgery:
Long-term complications after the use of cytostatics or radiation therapy may include thinning or ectasia (protrusion of an area) of the cornea or sclera.
Prevention of pathology: how to prevent relapse
Modern techniques make it possible to reduce the frequency of relapses after surgical removal pterygoid hymen to a minimum:
General prevention of the disease:
When working at a computer, you should not overload your eyes and periodically give them rest.
