The robin is a small, nimble, hardworking and very charming bird. Among all the peoples where it lives, this bird is a symbol of sunrise, foreshadowing a good day.
The robin is a small, nimble, hardworking and very charming bird.
Who is this robin?
This bird has so many names. It is called robin, robin, dawn, alder. If we turn to scientific taxonomy, the robin is a bird from the flycatcher family of the thrush genus. By all biological characteristics it is close to nightingales, but the body position is somewhat different - in nightingales the body is placed mainly vertically, while in the robin it is somewhat horizontal.
The robin differs from the nightingale in color. This bird with an orange breast next to the most songbird in Russia seems very bright and noticeable. Only the Far Eastern nightingale, the bluethroat, whose chest is decorated with a large bright blue shirtfront, can compete with the robin in its bright plumage.
The bird's robin is olive-brown on top, its forehead, cheeks and crop are bright red, its belly is light, almost white, and its chest has a characteristic light crimson color.
Even though all robins have a bright spot on their chest, they still exhibit sexual dimorphism. Like most birds, the male has brighter plumage than the female. It is the same gray on top, but the shirtfront is colored in brighter tones, which extend along the entire side of the head, reaching almost to the neck.
Young birds are motley, their backs are brown with reddish spots. The wings, throat, chest and sides are painted in reddish-ocher tones. The belly and back of the tail are whitish.
Like most birds, the male has brighter plumage than the female. On top it is the same gray, but the shirtfront is painted in brighter colors
Thus, the red-breasted coloration is characteristic only of adult individuals. Juveniles that have recently left the nest are not so brightly and noticeably colored.
This description of not only sexual but also age dimorphism suggests a strange idea. Those individuals that do not yet need to hatch eggs and feed the chicks have a protective coloration. At the same time, adult robins, on whom the future of the chicks depend, dress up brightly and very noticeably. How can this be explained?
Bird Robin, or Robin (video)
Feather color as information
Why are birds so bright? For whom did the robin color its breast so brightly? After all, this is how she unmasks the seed. Any predator even with poor eyesight sees a red speck jumping in the bushes. And here not only males, but also females have a bright spot.
In birds, vision is the main sense organ from which they receive information. Of all the many visual signals, birds, first of all, need to recognize the enemy, food, chicks and individuals of their own species, especially if it is a representative of the opposite sex.
Each individual has identification marks by which it can be classified as “one of our own”. This is extremely important for any kind of communication. A bright spot on a robin serves as an identification mark of belonging to:
- to this species;
- a certain gender;
- stage of puberty.
Differences in the brightness and configuration of the crimson spots provide the individual with information that there is a rival or reproductive partner in front of it. Since these birds are insectivores, their coloring cannot serve as a recognition of potential prey. But red-breasted birds for the chicks are a sign that their own bird has flown to them, which can feed them. It is at this moment that you need to scream and open your beak wide. If something flies up without a bright spot, then you need to freeze silently, merging with the nest.
Thus, the bright coloring of a small bird carries some risk of unmasking, but it allows you to quickly obtain the necessary information, recognizing your partner in the hard work of feeding the successors of its kind.
Gallery: robin bird (25 photos)
Nesting behavior
The robin's nest is built on the ground, in natural depressions, and also in low bushes. The building materials are leaves, fluff and blades of grass. The eggs are also colored to match the color of dry grass. They are slightly pink, sometimes yellow, almost white, with red spots.
Bright coloring for a small bird carries some risk of unmasking, but it allows you to quickly obtain the necessary information by recognizing its partner
Robins are migratory birds. Despite his short stature and adherence to a diet of insects, they arrive early and fly away late. After wintering, they appear in our area in March, when there is still snow and there are sub-zero temperatures.
The males arrive first. The task is to defend the territory from the penetration of other males of this species, to protect the old nest or to build a new one. The females arrive later, when the males have already sorted out their nests and territories. At this time, the years of the first insects begin. So by May you can already lay eggs.
Usually there are 5-8 eggs in one clutch. Incubation time lasts about 2 weeks. The chicks are born into the world weak, naked, almost black. In the first few days, one of the parents constantly warms them with their body.
The chicks stay in the parent's nest for no more than half a month. After this they leave the nest. Such early departure is due to the fact that, under favorable conditions, the robins have time to lay eggs again.
When the chicks leave the nest, they do not yet know how to fly. For this reason, they are colored slightly differently than their parents. They need to blend in with their environment until they learn to fly well, which is why they are painted in the colors of dry leaves and dark grass.
All robins have very good parental instincts. Not only do they manage to raise 2 generations of chicks over the summer, they often begin to feed orphaned robins. Cuckoos use this. They throw their giant egg into the little birds' nest. Robins, in their desire to feed all the suffering, do not notice the insidious substitution.
Habitats and feeding habits
This bird prefers to live in the forest. However, she does not like the dense taiga, but mixed forests with dense undergrowth, clearings, edges and forest windows. The robin especially loves thickets near water bodies - in floodplains of rivers, on the shores of lakes.
The robin can live next to a person if he does not interfere with it and creates thickets with trees of different heights, bushes and grass. True, humans are accompanied by cats, which turn into the main enemies of these birds.
Despite the fact that the robin is considered an insectivorous bird, in spring and autumn, when animal food is in short supply, it feeds on seeds and berries. At the height of summer, when the chicks are squeaking in the nest, the red-breasted father and mother tirelessly hunt for caterpillars, spiders, worms and other protein foods.
In nature, the main enemies of robins, apart from humans and cats, are representatives of the mustelidae family (sable, weasel, mink, marten, ferret). Badgers, foxes, wolves and, of course, domestic dogs love to destroy robins' nests. From the bird world, all small birds of prey are interested in adult robins and their chicks, including shrikes, which steal chicks from nests, eat them or store them, attaching them to twigs or thorns.
The entire life of a robin, like every earthly creature, is devoted to performing 2 functions: to be someone’s food supply and to limit the number of someone who is its food supply. However, she has one more function - to delight a person with her voice and bright outfit.
Attention, TODAY only!
I am lucky to live on the very edge of the city next to a strip of wildlife, where there is a small river, a pond, a spring, a park and open meadow space. On this rather small (compared to the whole of Moscow) piece of land, thanks to such landscape diversity, you can see different birds very closely: forest, field, river.
Since now I began to meet some new birds, the names of which I don’t know, I began to look for information about them and came across a very interesting site, where I found not only names, pictures and descriptions of birds, but also their basic habits, preferences and even voices that can be listened to. This is very important, because some birds turned out to be very difficult to see, but if you really want to, you can identify them by their voice).
The site in question is called ecosystema.ru, and there you can find information not only about birds, but also plants, insects, mushrooms, etc.
But back to the birds. I decided to collect here the birds that I encountered within the city of Moscow! - which cannot but rejoice! I don’t think anyone needs to introduce the typical urban birds of central Russia that constantly live next door to us: sparrows, tits, pigeons, crows, jackdaws, starlings. Rare, but can be found in winter waxwings with crested heads that gut rowan berries. 
Sometimes there are large black ones rooks(once I saw them in great numbers, apparently at a resting place during the autumn migration). I also saw beautiful red-bellied bullfinches, but not as often as we would like. Magpie The last time I saw her was in the Moscow State University area - she was fiddling around her round shaggy nest. Near the water you often come across seagulls, but most of all I saw them in Ostankino - there are ponds nearby, and they are probably fed at the local meat processing plant.
City birds Most of them do not fly to warmer climes; many spend the winter in the city or wander from place to place. For example, this winter we spent the winter on the river mallard ducks, there were several hundred of them there. If it weren’t for the residents of the surrounding houses bringing food, things would have been difficult for them.
Songbirds- mostly migratory. They come to us in the spring and fill the air with their trills. One of the most famous songs is the nightingale's trill. Nightingale- the bird is small and inconspicuous, but it can be almost impossible to pass by the bushes in which the nightingale has settled. 
The thrush has a beautiful song, iridescent, multi-stage. Blackbirds They are very different, in our park there are gray ones with a speckled breast. They are somewhat reminiscent of starlings - the difference is in color, size and tail length). 
Finches Not only do they sing well, but they are painted very elegantly. These birds are not shy - you can approach them at arm's length. 
wagtail with long thin tails and fast legs can often be found on paths: they run nimbly and catch insects. You won't see these birds at feeders - they are not vegetarians at all. 
In the open meadows you can hear a wonderful song lark, similar to a ringing murmur. I love this sound very much, it reminds me of my homeland and the wide steppe. Within the city limits, of course, you won’t hear this, and it’s difficult to see a lark up close - it sings in flight, from somewhere above. 
And here swifts they settle in the city easily. In the evenings, their squeaks can often be heard high above the houses. Sometimes they can be seen near the water - they hunt for midges. 
A bird also lives by the water cricket or warbler. Her evening song really sounds like a cricket. 
Recently in a distant quiet place I met a very beautiful bird with a yellow breast, timid, cautious, and new to people. I spent a long time trying to figure out what it was called from the pictures. Maybe it was yellow wagtail(she was sitting on the ground). 
Maybe oatmeal. The bird was no larger than a sparrow, but more graceful. 
Chizh this one also has a yellow breast, but it doesn’t seem like him. 
Greenfinch or forest canary. I met a similar bird on some tall grass - it clings to the stems and sits, eating the seeds. 
Lentils sings loudly and cheerfully. Lives by the river. But it’s difficult to see her - she hides well in the branches and doesn’t let her near her. 
Robin(the robin) I saw only briefly, but its voice is recognizable in the general chirping. This bird is very tiny, and it got its name for its bright breast. 
Mockery- a bird from which the “trill” of a car alarm seems to be borrowed).
pika I haven’t seen it, but its unusual squeak sometimes comes from the thickets.
And the flycatcher's song is full of optimism and even seems to be humorous. This small, inconspicuous bird catches insects in the grass.
nuthatch can be recognized by its style of moving along a tree trunk, which is how it gets its name. 
Typically arboreal - woodpecker also occasionally catches your eye while walking, but it’s easier to spot it by its characteristic knocking sound.
I really regret that we don't have cuckoos. The last time I heard a cuckoo was on Sparrow Hills last year.
Sometimes you can see birds like a falcon or hawk soaring high in the sky. Buzzard- from their family. He is a predator that hunts small animals. 
Met and bluethroat- the magical bird of my childhood. This bird is small and gray, but its chest shimmers with rainbow colors.
And also very beautiful birds - goldfinches. Recently I saw a whole small flock of several birds. They sang merrily and flew from place to place between old dry trees. 
There are many other birds, among which I am not yet able to figure out: warblers, warblers and many other birds of more modest plumage, but no less useful than their beautiful brothers.
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Sparrow-sized or slightly smaller with long wings and tail. Adult birds have inconspicuous gray or gray-brown plumage. The belly is light with faint, dark strokes. Chicks are browner in color than adult birds. The song is quiet with sharp sounds “sing”, “tsit”.
It is most recognizable by its behavior: sitting on a branch almost vertically, the gray flycatcher trembles its wings and moves its tail up and down, periodically taking off and grabbing insects flying by.
In the forest, it selects sparse areas with light clearings, bushes and places convenient for nesting (niches, cavities and cracks in the bark of trees). It can live under roofs or on wall ledges.
In the vicinity of the Tavrichesky biological station national university The gray flycatcher is found in the corresponding biotopes.
A small (smaller than a sparrow) agile bird with a dense build, a large head and a short, almost invisible neck. The top of the head is gray, the belly is buffy, white with red sides, the sides of the tail are black and white. The dorsal side is bluish-gray, with a black stripe running through the eye. The beak is long, straight and sharp. At the base of the beak there are stiff bristles directed forward. The tail is short and straight. The wings are short and rounded. Males and females do not differ from each other in appearance, although the male looks somewhat larger.
The common nuthatch is a noisy bird, with a large repertoire of different loud sounds. While searching for food, they make frequent short whistles “ttsit” or longer “ttsi-it” whistles, which is why they were once called “coach drivers”. When excited, it emits a ringing “toch”, often repeated many times with short breaks. It can produce trills at different frequencies - something like “tyu-tui-tui”.
For short distances it flies in a straight line, for longer distances it flies in a wave-like manner.
It feeds on insects, less often seeds, nuts and acorns. It usually feeds on thick tree trunks, moving upside down. Often visits feeders, in city parks it learns to take food from an outstretched palm.
It lives in forests - both deciduous and mixed and coniferous, and prefers areas with an abundance of tall and old trees, where it finds food. Willingly settles in cultural landscapes - gardens and parks with woody vegetation. Leads a sedentary lifestyle, and if not disturbed, as a rule, sticks to one territory. A territorial bird, it guards its territory all year round.
In the vicinity of the biological station of the Taurida National University, it is occasionally found in the corresponding biotopes.
Small mobile bird. In color, primarily with a black cap of feathers on the head and white cheeks, it resembles a great tit, but differs from it in its smaller size, denser build and pale plumage on the rest of the body.
The head and back of the head are black, the cheeks are off-white, and there is a noticeable large mark on the throat and upper chest. black spot in the shape of a shirtfront. The feathers of the head are sometimes somewhat elongated in the form of a crest. The upperparts are bluish-gray with a brownish tint and an ocher coating on the sides. The underparts are off-white with a brown coating. The wings and tail are brownish-gray. Two light transverse stripes are clearly visible on the wings. On the back of the head there is a small White spot- a characteristic distinctive sign of this species.
The bird is predominantly of coniferous forests, but outside the breeding season it is found outside nesting grounds, including in gardens and parks, where it can be found near feeders. Often sings while sitting on the top of a tree with good review around. The call is characteristic of the family - a short or repeated sonorous “qi-qi” or “tsit”, pronounced on one note. Variation - a more melodic “tsi-tsi-tsi”, repeated with emphasis on the second syllable.
In the vicinity of the biological station of the Taurida National University, Muscovy is found everywhere in the corresponding biotopes.
About the size of a sparrow. The head is black with white cheeks and the back of the head, the dorsal side is greenish (less often bluish), the abdomen is bright yellow with a black longitudinal stripe in the middle - a “tie”. In males it widens on the abdomen, but in females, on the contrary, it narrows downward. The birds have white cheeks and the back of the head, and the rest of the head plumage is black and shiny. The tail and wings are bluish.
The great tit lives in forests, gardens and parks. More often than other tits, it settles next to humans. During nesting time it lives in pairs, and in other seasons in flocks, often together with other tits. Nests are made in hollows and various shelters (niches of buildings, old squirrel nests, birds of prey and etc.). Sometimes it occupies birdhouses with a small entrance.
Looks for insects and spiders on branches and trunks. In winter it feeds on seeds and other plant foods. A common visitor to feeders in city parks. In some places, by December, tits are already accustomed to taking food from an outstretched palm.
In the vicinity of the biological station of the Taurida National University, the great tit is found everywhere in suitable biotopes.
A small tit with a short thin beak and a relatively short tail. It is significantly smaller in size than the Great Tit, but slightly larger than the Muscovy. In color it is noticeably different from other tits primarily in the blue cap and dark blue thin stripes on both sides of the beak, which pass through the eyes and close at the back of the head. Another dark blue stripe runs around the neck, forming something like a collar. Cheeks and forehead are white; the back of the head, wings and tail are bluish-blue. The back is usually olive green. The underside is greenish-yellow. The beak is black, the legs are bluish-gray. Females, on average, are somewhat less contrasting than males, but otherwise do not differ from them in any way. In young birds the color is duller, generally yellowish-green. There is no blue cap, the top of the head and cheeks are grayish-brown, the forehead, eyebrows and back of the head are pale yellow. The upper has more gray tones, without strong black and dark blue shades. The underparts are greenish-white rather than yellow.
A very active bird, it quickly flits from branch to branch and often hangs upside down, sitting on the tips of thin branches. The flight is undulating and fast, with frequent flapping of the wings. Vocalization is noticeably different from other tits and has a rich repertoire.
It is found both in the depths of the forest and on the edges, in small groves, willow-covered floodplains, forest plantations, gardens and parks, and even wastelands with sparse trees. It does not shy away from humans and in some cases forms urban populations. However, compared to big tit The population density of the blue tit in cultivated landscapes is noticeably lower than in the forest - this is explained by the greater dependence of the species on the presence of old trees.
In the vicinity of the biological station of the Taurida National University, the blue tit is found in suitable biotopes.
The plumage is loose and fluffy; from a distance the bird looks like a ball with a long tail. Reminds me of a pouring spoon, so popular name this titmouse is a polovnik. In the 19th century, bird catchers considered it the most beautiful of the small birds in Russia and called it “Apollonovka.”
The color combines white, black and pinkish-white. The head, neck and most of the underside of the body are white, with a black stripe running through the eye; part of the back, shoulder and partly flight and tail feathers are black; the dorsal side has a brownish or pinkish tint in places; the coverts of the tail and sides of the body are pink; part of the flight and tail feathers with white outer edges. The beak is very small, short and thick.
Lives in deciduous and mixed forests, as well as in city parks. Found in flocks or pairs. It nests in dense thickets, often along river banks, in damp overgrown ravines.
A large, thrush-sized shrike with a large head, short, rounded wings and a fairly long stepped tail. The top is ash gray. The cheeks and chin, as well as the inconspicuous narrow stripe above the eye, are white. A wide black stripe runs through the eye from the base of the beak to the ear coverts, forming a “mask”. The shoulders are white or whitish, the wings are black with a light field on top. The tail is rounded, black with white edges. The underparts are whitish, darker on the chest, in females of most subspecies with a slight grayish transverse pattern. The beak is massive, black with a light base, the beak is curved with a hook. The landing is straight; sitting, often twitches its tail. The flight is undulating. Males and females are similar in size and field conditions difficult to distinguish. A detailed comparison can be seen that in females the lower part of the body is darker, with a grayish tint and usually has a wavy gray-brown transverse pattern.
It settles mainly in open places: meadows with bushes, forest edges, clearings, clearings, etc. In habits and flight patterns it resembles the shrike, but is more careful and does not allow it to get close to itself.
In the vicinity of the biological station of the Taurida National University it is found in suitable biotopes.
Smaller than a starling, densely built. The back of males is chestnut or light brown. The head is gray, with a black stripe running through the eyes - a “mask”. The lower part of the body is light, slightly pinkish, the tail is black and white with the same pattern as the wheatear. Females and young birds have a brown tail, top part the body is brown with a sinuous pattern. In flight the wing is without white spots or stripes.
Inhabits forest edges, clearings, gardens and parks. The shrike's favorite nesting places are dense willow thickets along small rivers and among flooded meadows, bushes along the slopes of field ravines, as well as the edges of forests adjacent to fields with bushes and separately standing groups young trees, forest belts. It feeds on large insects, small animals, birds, frogs and lizards, which it looks out for from a perch - the top of a bush, wires or dry branch. Often stores food by impaling prey on the thorn of a thorny bush or a sharp twig.
The color of the plumage resembles a skylark. The top is brownish-gray, with blackish-brown streaks, and there are white stripes on the sides of the tail. The underparts are light, on the chest and sides of the neck there is an ocher tint and longitudinal black-brown spots. Legs light pink. The beak is elongated and thin. Sexual dimorphism in color is not expressed. Juveniles with more distinct black streaks on the upper body.
The forest pipit settles on forest edges, all kinds of small forests, on the outskirts of large mixed forests, and likes to settle in pine forests where felling has taken place. They collect food on the ground, running nimbly among herbaceous plants. Most They catch their prey in well-lit places: in clearings, clearings and other sparse areas of the forest.
In the vicinity of the biological station of the Taurida National University, it is found everywhere in suitable biotopes.
Similar to the yellow wagtail, however, both males and females have a characteristic black “cap”. In males it is velvety black. The white eyebrow is missing. Females, as a rule, have a lighter cap, and there may be a barely noticeable greenish stripe above the eyes. Occasionally there are individuals with a white or yellow eyebrow. The back is yellowish-green, or gray-yellowish-green, the rump is brighter. The underparts are bright yellow, the chin is sometimes white. The wing coverts and flight feathers are brown, with white, yellowish or yellow edges. The female in breeding plumage is brown on top, with a greenish-olive tint, and the rump is grayish. In older individuals, the head, neck, ear coverts and frenulum are dull black. The underparts are white, with a slight yellowish tinge.
Settles in meadows, lake shores with sparse reeds, reeds, tall grass and sparse bushes, mainly on plains. Like the yellow wagtail, it likes to perch on the tops of stems and fence posts.
In the vicinity of the biological station of the Tauride National University, the black-headed wagtail can most often be found in the fields on the way to the Marble Reservoir and along the banks of this reservoir.
Drongo
Drongo - order Passeriformes, family Drongoidae
Black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus). Habitat - Asia. Wingspan 40 cm Weight 70 g
This family includes about 20 species of birds inhabiting the tropics of Asia and Africa. A characteristic feature The drongo has a long, notched tail. The outer feathers on it are sometimes 2-3 times longer than the rest.
Grosbeak - order Passerines, family Finches
Grosbeak (Coccothraustes coccothraustes). Habitats: Africa, Eurasia. Length - 18 cm Weight 60 g
As the name suggests, distinctive feature This small, well-tailored bird has a beak. The grosbeak has a massive one, adapted for “clicking” the seeds of fruits and berries: cherries, sweet cherries, bird cherry.
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik - order Passeriformes, family Buntings.
Dubrovnik (Emberiza aureola). Habitats - Northern Europe, North Asia. Wingspan 24 cm Weight 25 g
Dubrovnik's plumage is reminiscent of tropical birds - it's so bright. However, these representatives of buntings live in the northern regions. Dubrovnik is also a medium-sized bunting, up to 17cm long. The males' heads are almost black in summer. The throat and chest are yellow. The back is chestnut or chocolate. The belly is bright yellow. A narrow chocolate-colored “collar” is noticeable on the chest. The tail is slightly forked. Females are brownish, with a yellowish belly and dark streaks on the back and sides. These birds are found throughout Europe. Typical habitats for birds are floodplains overgrown with bushes, forest edges, and meadows with tall herbs. When flying to Southeast Asia for the winter, Dubrovniks first move east and only then turn south. They arrive in Europe late - at the end of May and at the beginning of June. The song is simple, but pleasant; consists of sonorous flute whistles.
Lark
Song lark
Javan lark (Mirafra javanica). Order passerines, family larks. Habitats: Australia, Asia, Africa. Length 13 cm Weight 20 g
These birds are common in Africa, Asia, and Europe; 1 species lives in America and 2 species in Australia. People loved larks so much that they acclimatized some species in places where they had not existed before.
Zhulan
Zhulan - order Passeriformes, family Shrike
Shrike (Lanius cristatus). Habitats: Europe, Asia. Wingspan 30 cm Weight 30 g
In May from warm countries are arriving interesting birds- shrikes. There is also a sedentary species - the Indian shrike, which lives in the hot zone of Asia.
Accentor
Wood Accentor
(Prunella modularis). Order passerines, family Accentoridae. Habitats: Asia, Africa, Europe. Length 1 5 cm Weight 20 g
Accentors are small, very secretive birds with discreet plumage. They can be found in dense thickets of bushes or low trees, on rocky screes of foothills and ravines. They spend most of their lives on the ground, hunting insects and small invertebrate animals, which they collect in the grass or undergrowth. In autumn, they readily eat ripe berries and grass seeds. During the mating season, males sing a lot, but their song is inexpressive. Perhaps the exception is the Wood Accentor, whose unpretentious but sonorous song has long attracted the attention of those who like to keep birds at home. Birds make nests in bushes or trees, but always low from the ground. They can also make a home in a rock crack.
Robin
Robin - order Passeriformes, family Thrushes
Robin (Erithaucus rebecula). Habitats: Asia, Africa, Europe. Wingspan 20 cm Weight 20 g
The robin in Russia is better known as the robin, because of the bright crimson with a yellow tint of the spot on the throat.
Bell ringer
Beller - order Passeriformes, family Cotingaceae
Bare-throated bell-ringer (Procnias nudicollis). Habitat - America. Wingspan 50 cm Weight 200 g
Bell-ringers or bell-birds - common name birds living in tropical forests Latin America. In Spanish they are also called “blacksmiths”; apparently, the loud voice of the bell ringer reminds local residents of the sound of a hammer hitting an anvil. Some bell ringers, in addition to metallic tapping, produce the most unexpected sounds - croaking, whistling and even a lion's roar.
Drongo
Drongo - order Passeriformes, family Drongoidae
Black drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus). Habitat - Asia. Wingspan 40 cm Weight 70 g
This family includes about 20 species of birds inhabiting the tropics of Asia and Africa. A characteristic feature of the drongo is its long, notched tail. The outer feathers on it are sometimes 2-3 times longer than the rest.
Grosbeak - order Passerines, family Finches
Grosbeak (Coccothraustes coccothraustes). Habitats: Africa, Eurasia. Length - 18 cm Weight 60 g
As the name suggests, the distinctive feature of this small, well-tailored bird is its beak. The grosbeak has a massive one, adapted for “clicking” the seeds of fruits and berries: cherries, sweet cherries, bird cherry.
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik - order Passeriformes, family Buntings.
Dubrovnik (Emberiza aureola). Habitats: Northern Europe, Northern Asia. Wingspan 24 cm Weight 25 g
Dubrovnik's plumage is reminiscent of tropical birds - it's so bright. However, these representatives of buntings live in the northern regions. Dubrovnik is also a medium-sized bunting, up to 17cm long. The males' heads are almost black in summer. The throat and chest are yellow. The back is chestnut or chocolate. The belly is bright yellow. A narrow chocolate-colored “collar” is noticeable on the chest. The tail is slightly forked. Females are brownish, with a yellowish belly and dark streaks on the back and sides. These birds are found throughout Europe. Typical habitats for birds are floodplains overgrown with bushes, forest edges, and meadows with tall herbs. When flying to Southeast Asia for the winter, Dubrovniks first move east and only then turn south. They arrive in Europe late - at the end of May and at the beginning of June. The song is simple, but pleasant; consists of sonorous flute whistles.
Lark
Song lark
Javan lark (Mirafra javanica). Order passerines, family larks. Habitats: Australia, Asia, Africa. Length 13 cm Weight 20 g
These birds are common in Africa, Asia, and Europe; 1 species lives in America and 2 species in Australia. People loved larks so much that they acclimatized some species in places where they had not existed before.
Zhulan
Zhulan - order Passeriformes, family Shrike
Shrike (Lanius cristatus). Habitats: Europe, Asia. Wingspan 30 cm Weight 30 g
In May, interesting birds - shrikes - fly from warm countries. There is also a sedentary species - the Indian shrike, which lives in the hot zone of Asia.
Accentor
Wood Accentor
(Prunella modularis). Order passerines, family Accentoridae. Habitats: Asia, Africa, Europe. Length 1 5 cm Weight 20 g
Accentors are small, very secretive birds with discreet plumage. They can be found in dense thickets of bushes or low trees, on rocky screes of foothills and ravines. They spend most of their lives on the ground, hunting insects and small invertebrate animals, which they collect in the grass or undergrowth. In autumn, they readily eat ripe berries and grass seeds. During the mating season, males sing a lot, but their song is inexpressive. Perhaps the exception is the Wood Accentor, whose unpretentious but sonorous song has long attracted the attention of those who like to keep birds at home. Birds make nests in bushes or trees, but always low from the ground. They can also make a home in a rock crack.
Robin
Robin - order Passeriformes, family Thrushes
Robin (Erithaucus rebecula). Habitats: Asia, Africa, Europe. Wingspan 20 cm Weight 20 g
The robin in Russia is better known as the robin, because of the bright crimson with a yellow tint of the spot on the throat.
Bell ringer
Beller - order Passeriformes, family Cotingaceae
Bare-throated bell-ringer (Procnias nudicollis). Habitat - America. Wingspan 50 cm Weight 200 g
Bellbirds or bellbirds are the common name for birds found in the tropical forests of Latin America. In Spanish they are also called “blacksmiths”; apparently, the loud voice of the bell ringer reminds local residents of the sound of a hammer hitting an anvil. Some bell ringers, in addition to metallic tapping, produce the most unexpected sounds - croaking, whistling and even a lion's roar.
