effective medical and prophylactic- interferon. The range of its action is very wide, the release is established both abroad and in our country, the price range is available to everyone.
Indications for use
The agent has primarily antiviral and immunoforming properties, and also has an antiproliferative (stopping tissue growth) effect.
Application for various diseases has long been tested and the results are recorded, the drug is approved in Russia for the treatment of the following diseases and conditions:
- respiratory viral infections, incl. and pneumonia and their prevention;
- hepatitis B, C, D(delta);
- herpes and shingles;
- some malignant diseases;
- papillomas;
- individual fungal diseases;
- conditions after chemotherapy and radiation exposure;
- decreased immunity of various origins.
Dosage and administration
Human leukocyte interferon comes in several forms and is used in a variety of ways.
- Candles are used rectally 1 time per day for the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections in children for a month. For the treatment of respiratory diseases, it is used 2 times a day, in courses of 5-10 days, a dose of 250,000 IU active substance. In this case, it is necessary to observe the interval of administration - no more than 12 hours. In doses from 500,000 IU, they are also used in adults 2 times a day.
- Suppositories are used vaginally viral diseases urogenital area twice a day, at a dose of up to 1,000,000 IU, determined by a doctor, for 10 days - the substance has a local effect and penetrates into the bloodstream. When alternating with other drugs, use 1 time per day. The doctor may also recommend a maintenance dose once every 1 to 3 days for 10 to 30 days.
- Interferon is available for injection, it must be administered subcutaneously, intradermally, intramuscularly or intravenously. It is sold strictly by prescription. Be careful, human leukocyte interferon,intended for nasal irrigation, it is strictly forbidden to inject.
- Dry powder is intended for dilution with distilled or boiled water and is used for irrigation of mucous membranes. After opening, the ampoule or vial is stored for a maximum of a day. Instill 5 drops into the nostril twice a day.
- Nasal and eye drops- ready-to-use solutions used topically for direct application or as inhalations through a nebulizer.
- Ointments based on interferon are applied to the foci of infection on the skin, for example, with herpes rashes at least 2 times a day.
The exact dosage of the drug is prescribed exclusively by the doctor, who, if necessary, adjusts the method and frequency of use.
Independent appointment and use is unacceptable medicinal product!
Contraindications
Interferon affects the functioning of the whole organism, therefore, in some cases, unwanted side effects may occur. To prevent them, you should strictly follow the doctor's instructions and do not exceed the dose.
Contraindications for admission are:
- decreased kidney function;
- cirrhosis of the liver;
- severe heart disease;
- epilepsy;
- depression and psychosis;
- function change thyroid gland, resistant to therapy;
- individual hypersensitivity.
Special Terms of Use
Interferon is not prescribed to pregnant women, unless it is due to vital necessity. If used during lactation, breastfeeding should be discontinued. The resumption of breastfeeding is possible within a day after the end of the course of treatment.
With an increase in temperature against the background of the use of interferon, an antipyretic should be taken - the protein is alive at a temperature not exceeding 37 ° C.
Interferon is not used when using antidepressants (increased exposure).
Use the medicine with caution when working with mechanisms and driving vehicles.
Overdose
Cases of toxic effects of high doses of the drug have not been identified. When taken randomly a large number substance, steps should be taken to remove it.
Side effects
Adverse action can manifest itself in various problems.
- cardiological: arrhythmia, tachy- and bradycardia;
- vascular: significant decrease blood pressure;
- digestive: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
- nervous system: instability of consciousness, sleep disturbances;
- somatic: headaches, chills;
- mental: depression, decreased mood;
- skin: rash, itching skin, swelling.
Composition and pharmacokinetics
IN pure form interferon is contained in powder ampoules - for dilution and irrigation or injection.
Suppositories, suppositories and ointments contain, in addition to interferon, a fatty base that gives a thick or hard consistency.
Interferons are produced from the proteins of mammals, including humans, who have been exposed to the virus. Human leukocyte interferon is the most acceptable in composition, it absolutely excludes the content of pathogenic agents (including HIV and hepatitis).
The mechanism of action is to create a protective barrier around the focus of infection from healthy cells, the permeability of which for the virus is insurmountable, due to the action of interferon. This prevents the growth of tumor formations - the cells become incapable of dividing.
The action begins, depending on the method of administration, after 0.5 - 2 hours and lasts at least 6 hours, more often 12. The substance is completely and without a trace excreted from the body within a day from the last dose.
Storage and guarantees
The drug is stored in a dark and cool place. There is evidence that the drug stored at room temperature causes more side effects. Absolutely unacceptable heat storage (above 37°C).
The shelf life of all drugs with interferon is 2 years from the date of issue. The opened preparation (ampoule) and the prepared solution should be used within 3 days.
Human leukocyte interferon is available from pharmacies without a prescription.
In this article, we will talk about one of the effective antiviral and immunostimulating drugs. We are talking about human leukocyte interferon. We will analyze the properties of the drug, indications for its use, instructions for use, etc.
Characteristics of the drug
Leukocyte human interferon ( international name- interferon alfa) is available in two forms - a solution for inhalation and intranasal use and dry lyophilized powder (sometimes compressed into tablets). The liquid form has a shade from colorless to light pink, dry - from white to pinkish.
Interferon leukocytic human (Interferon leukocytic human) is a complex of proteins that are synthesized by leukocytes of donor blood under the influence of an interferon inducer virus. They are cleaned by ultra- and microfiltration method.
Analogues of this immunomodulatory drug:
- "Lokferon".
- "Inferon"
- "Nazoferon" and others.
The tool can be used in combination with other medicines. The drug is dispensed without a doctor's prescription, valid for 2 years from the date of manufacture. It must be stored in a place protected from light, cool (2-8 degrees above zero). Keep away from children!
Average prices for human leukocyte interferon are relatively low. So, in most pharmacies, a pack of 10 ampoules of the drug will cost 80-120 rubles.
The composition of the drug
1 ml of liquid human leukocyte interferon contains:
- Interferon alpha - 1000 IU.
- Sodium chloride - 0.09 mg.
- Sodium dihydrophosphate dihydrate - 0.06 mg.
- Sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate - 0.003 mg.
- Distilled water for injection - about 1 ml.
Pharmacological properties
This immunomodulatory drug belongs to the pharmacological group of cytokines. Its properties are as follows:
- Immunostimulation - makes the immune response stronger.
- Immunomodulation - normalizes the immune status.
- Antibacterial action - the fight against different kind mixed infections.
- Antiviral action - helps the body resist diseases such as herpes, influenza, adenovirus diseases.
- Anti-inflammatory, antitumor effect.
Dry and liquid agent is non-toxic, sterile, harmless when administered through respiratory tract. In this case, the use of powder for injection is prohibited.
Indications for use
Human leukocyte interferon is used both for the prevention of acute viral infections and for the treatment of early forms of the disease with initial symptoms.
Indications can be divided into three main groups:
- Intranasal application: preventive measures and treatment of SARS, influenza.
- Parenteral use: genital warts, hepatitis B and C, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, malignant melanoma, multiple myeloma, renal carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma in those suffering from AIDS (not suffering from acute infections at this time), hairy cell leukemia, mycosis fungoides.
- Rectal application: therapy of chronic and acute viral hepatitis.
Also, the drug will be effective for:
- chronic myeloid leukemia;
- primary and secondary thrombocytosis;
- transitional stage of chronic granulocytic leukemia, myelofibrosis;
- reticulosarcoma;
- multiple sclerosis.
Contraindications
Instructions for use of human leukocyte interferon indicate the following contraindications to the use of the drug:
- Epilepsy.
- Violation of the functions of the central nervous system.
- Violation of the functions of the kidneys and liver, hematopoietic system.
- organic heart disease.
- Chronic hepatitis in persons whose recent treatment has consisted of immunosuppressants.
- Diseases of the thyroid gland.
- chronic hepatitis.
- Cirrhosis of the liver with signs of liver failure.
- Pregnancy and lactation.
- Allergy.
- Increased individual sensitivity to active ingredient- interferon alpha, as well as to all drugs of protein origin, to chicken meat and eggs.
The drug is dangerous to take in the following cases:
- The expiration date has expired.
- The integrity of the package is broken.
- There are no markings on the container.
Dosage and application
Instructions for use of human leukocyte interferon prescribes:
- For children under 3 years of age, administer the drug only intranasally (spray, instillation).
- Children from 3 years old, adults are additionally allowed inhalation.
Intranasal application. The ampoule with the medicine is opened immediately before use. Then chilled boiled or sterile distilled water is added to it strictly up to the line of 2 ml per capsule. The product is gently shaken until completely dissolved.
The drug is instilled into the nose with a syringe without a needle or a medical pipette. Another way is spraying: you can use both a third-party sprayer and the one that comes with the preparation. The nozzle is put on a syringe without a needle, then brought close to the nasal passage or going into it by about 0.5 cm. Spraying occurs by pressing the syringe plunger. The patient should sit with his head thrown back.
Dosage of the drug:
- Prevention: apply throughout the danger of infection. Instillation - 5 drops, spraying - 0.25 ml into each nasal passage. The manipulation is carried out up to 2 times per day with an interval of at least 6 hours.
- Treatment: at the first signs of the disease. 5 drops or 0.25 mg in each nostril. The procedure is repeated up to 5 times a day with an interval of 1-2 hours.
Human leukocyte interferon is administered to children and adults in the same doses.
Inhalation. Inhalation use is considered more effective. For him, you need to purchase an inhaler from any manufacturer. One procedure requires the contents of three capsules, which should be dissolved in 10 ml of water heated to 37 degrees. In this way, the drug is administered through the mouth and nose twice a day for 2-3 days.
Injection is prohibited!
Side effects
When using this immunomodulatory drug, the following side effects are possible:
- From the gastrointestinal tract: change taste sensations, dry mouth, flatulence, constipation, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite. In rare cases, a violation of the liver.
- From the side of the central nervous system: ataxia, drowsiness or sleep disturbance, impaired consciousness, depression, nervousness.
- From the side of the heart and blood vessels: arrhythmia, arterial hypotension.
- Dermatological effects: skin rash, slight alopecia, erythema, dry skin.
- Flu-like syndrome: weakness, fever, myalgia, headache.
- Other: granulocytopenia, feeling of weakness, lethargy, weight loss, visual disturbances, dizziness.
special instructions
It is worth using the product with caution when:
- Recent myocardial infarction.
- Myelodepression, changes in blood clotting.
- Elderly patients who have been diagnosed with CNS side effects when using high doses of the drug. It may even be worth interrupting the treatment.
- Patients with hepatitis C should be screened for TSH levels before treatment. Only when normal interferon therapy can be started. In other cases, there may be a violation of the functions of the thyroid gland.
- Combination with opioid analgesics, hypnotics, sedatives.
Human leukocyte interferon is an effective immunostimulating anti-infective agent. It has a number of features of use and contraindications, therefore, before use, familiarity with the instructions is necessary.
Instructions for medical use
medicinal product
human leukocyte interferon
Tradename
human leukocyte interferon
International non-proprietary name
Interferon alfa
Dosage form
Lyophilizate for solution for intranasal administration 1000 IU
Compound
One ampoule contains
active substance - interferon human leukocyte a-type with antiviral activity of at least 1000 IU
Description
Porous amorphous mass or powder of white or light yellow to pink color. Hygroscopic.
Pharmacotherapeutic group
Immunomodulators. Immunostimulants. Interferons. Interferon alpha natural.
ATX code L03AB01
Pharmacological properties Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic studies have not been conducted.
Pharmacodynamics
Human leukocyte interferon (Interferon alfa), lyophilisate for solution for intranasal administration, is a group of proteins synthesized by leukocytes of donor blood in response to exposure to the interferon inducer virus.
Interferon alpha has the ability to stimulate the phagocytic activity of macrophages, as well as the cytotoxic activity of T cells and "natural killers", has an indirect antiviral effect, inducing a state of resistance to viral infections in cells and modulating the response immune system aimed at neutralizing viruses or destroying cells infected by them.
The preparation does not contain antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2), hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).
Indications for use
Prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections
Dosage and administration
For the purpose of prevention
The introduction of the drug should begin with an immediate threat of infection and continue as long as the risk of infection persists. The drug is administered to adults and children from birth in the same dose by spraying or instilling an aqueous solution into the nose.
The ampoule with the drug is opened immediately before use. Sterile distilled or cooled boiled water is added to the ampoule up to the line corresponding to 2 ml, gently shaken until the contents are completely dissolved. The dissolved drug is a clear or slightly opalescent liquid, colorless or from light yellow to pink. The dissolved drug can be stored during the day at a temperature of 2 ° C to 8 ° C.
Spraying can be done with sprayers of any system in accordance with the instructions attached to them. In each nasal passage, 0.25 ml of the solution should be injected twice a day with an interval of at least 6 hours. When instilled, the drug is administered 5 drops into each nasal passage 2 times a day with an interval of at least 6 hours.
The drug is used in the same dose for adults and children from birth by spraying or instillation into the nose.
When sprayed or instilled, the drug is dissolved in 2 ml of water and injected 0.25 ml (5 drops) into each nasal passage after 1-2 hours at least 5 times a day for 2-3 days.
Side effects
During the use of the drug side effects not registered.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to interferon preparations
Drug Interactions
Can be used simultaneously with other antiviral preparations local application and congestants.
The introduction of the drug by injection is strictly prohibited!
Use with caution in people with allergic diseases.
At allergic reactions immediate type to carry out symptomatic therapy.
Application in pediatrics
For children from the neonatal period (from birth), the drug is used by spraying or instillation.
Pregnancy and lactation
Composition and form of release of the drug
1000 IU - ampoules (5) - packs of cardboard.
1000 IU - ampoules (10) - cardboard packs.
pharmachologic effect
Interferon alfa is a mixture of various subtypes of natural alpha interferon from human blood leukocytes. It has an immunostimulating and antiproliferative effect. The antiviral effect of the drug is based mainly on increasing the resistance of body cells not yet infected with the virus to possible effects. By binding to specific receptors on the cell surface, interferon alpha changes the properties of the cell membrane, stimulates specific enzymes, acts on the RNA of the virus and prevents its replication. The immunomodulatory effect of interferon alpha is associated with stimulation of the activity of macrophages and NK (Natural killer) cells, which, in turn, are involved in the body's immune response to tumor cells.
Indications
For parenteral use: hepatitis B and C, genital warts, hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, mycosis fungoides, Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with AIDS without a history acute infections; renal carcinoma; malignant melanoma.
For rectal application: treatment of acute and chronic viral hepatitis.
For intranasal use: prevention and treatment of influenza, SARS.
Contraindications
Severe organic heart disease, severe violations of the liver or kidneys; epilepsy and / or dysfunction of the central nervous system; chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver with symptoms of liver failure; chronic hepatitis in patients receiving or recently treated (with the exception of treatment with corticosteroids); autoimmune hepatitis; thyroid diseases resistant to traditional therapy; confirmed hypersensitivity to interferon alfa.
Dosage
The dose, frequency and duration of use are set depending on the indications, the severity of the disease, the route of administration, and the individual response of the patient.
Side effects
With parenteral use, side effects are observed much more often than with other routes of administration.
Flu-like symptoms: fever, myalgia, weakness.
From the side digestive system: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; rarely - abnormal liver function.
From the side of cardio-vascular system: arterial hypotension, arrhythmia.
From the side of the central nervous system: drowsiness, impaired consciousness, ataxia.
Dermatological reactions: rarely - slight alopecia, dry skin, erythema,.
Others: general weakness, granulocytopenia.
drug interaction
Since interferons inhibit oxidative metabolism in the liver, there may be a violation of the biotransformation of drugs metabolized in this way.
With simultaneous use with ACE inhibitors, synergism is possible in relation to the hematotoxic effect; c - synergism in relation to myelotoxic action; with paracetamol - it is possible to increase the activity of liver enzymes; with theophylline - a decrease in the clearance of theophylline.
special instructions
Use with caution in patients with a history of recent myocardial infarction, as well as in cases of changes in blood clotting and myelodepression.
In thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of less than 50,000 / µl, s / c should be used.
Patients should undergo hydration therapy, especially in initial period treatment.
Patients with hepatitis C receiving systemic interferon alfa therapy may experience thyroid dysfunction, manifested as hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Therefore, before starting a course of treatment, it is necessary to determine the level of TSH in the blood serum and start treatment only if the level of TSH in the blood is normal.
Use interferon alfa with caution concomitantly with hypnotics, sedatives, opioid
Contraindicated in severe liver dysfunction, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver with symptoms of liver failure; chronic hepatitis in patients receiving or recently treated with immunosuppressants (with the exception of treatment with corticosteroids); autoimmune hepatitis.
Use in the elderly
With the development of side effects from the CNS in elderly patients receiving high doses of interferon alfa, a thorough examination should be carried out and, if necessary, treatment should be interrupted.
Release form
Compound
Active ingredient: Interferon alpha (interferon alfa) Concentration of active ingredient (units): 1000
Pharmacological effect
Interferon alfa is a mixture of various subtypes of natural alpha interferon from human blood leukocytes. It has antiviral, immunostimulating and antiproliferative effects. The antiviral effect of the drug is based mainly on increasing the resistance of body cells not yet infected with the virus to possible effects. By binding to specific receptors on the cell surface, interferon alpha changes the properties of the cell membrane, stimulates specific enzymes, acts on the RNA of the virus and prevents its replication. The immunomodulatory effect of interferon alpha is associated with stimulation of the activity of macrophages and NK (Natural killer) cells, which, in turn, are involved in the body's immune response to tumor cells.
Indications
Prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to drugs of protein origin
Precautionary measures
Use with caution in patients with a history of recent myocardial infarction, as well as in cases of changes in blood clotting and myelodepression. Use interferon alfa with caution simultaneously with hypnotics, sedatives, opioid analgesics.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
The use of interferon alfa preparations during pregnancy is possible only in cases where the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. If necessary, use in a nursing mother during lactation should decide on the termination of breastfeeding. Patients reproductive age during therapy, reliable methods of contraception should be used.
Dosage and administration
For children from the neonatal period (from birth), the drug is used intranasally (by spraying or instillation). For children from 3 years old and adults - additionally in the form of inhalation. Intranasally The ampoule with the drug is opened immediately before use. Sterile distilled or cooled to room temperature boiled water is added to the ampoule up to the line indicated on the ampoule corresponding to 2 ml, gently shaken until the contents are completely dissolved. The dissolved drug is a clear or slightly opalescent liquid, colorless or from light yellow to pink. The drug is used by instillation (using a medical pipette or syringe without a needle) or spraying. Spraying is carried out by sprayers of any system or using the attached spray nozzle. For prophylaxis, the administration of the drug should be started at an immediate threat of infection and continued until the risk of infection persists. The drug is used intranasally by instillation of 5 drops or spraying of 0.25 ml into each nasal passage 2 times a day with an interval of at least 6 hours. For treatment, the drug is used for early stage disease at the onset of clinical symptoms intranasally, 0.25 ml (5 drops) in each nasal passage after 1-2 hours at least 5 times a day. The effectiveness of the drug is higher, the earlier its use is started. Rules for using the spray nozzle: Put the needle on the syringe, fill it with the dissolved drug in a volume of 0.25 ml (mark 10 on a scale of 40 units or mark 25 on a scale of 100 units). Remove the needle and put on the spray nozzle tightly. Bring it close to the nasal passage, the spray nozzle and sharply press the syringe plunger to inject the drug into the nasal passage. Remove the spray nozzle, put on the needle and draw 0.25 ml of the drug from the ampoule into the syringe. another nasal passage in accordance with paragraph 3. The spray nozzle is inserted to a depth of 0.5 cm into the nasal passages, previously cleared of mucus. In this case, the patient should be in a sitting position with his head slightly thrown back and remain in this position for 1 minute after the administration of the drug. The use of one nozzle for only one patient is allowed. Inhalation Most effective way treatment is inhalation. For its implementation, inhalers of any type are recommended. For one procedure, the contents of 3 ampoules are used, which are dissolved in 10 ml of water. Water is recommended to be heated to a temperature not exceeding 37 °C. By inhalation, the drug is administered through the mouth and nose 2 times a day for 2-3 days. The introduction of the drug by injection is strictly prohibited!
Side effects
Allergic reactions.
Interaction with other drugs
Since interferons inhibit oxidative metabolism in the liver, there may be a violation of the biotransformation of drugs metabolized in this way. When used simultaneously with ACE inhibitors, synergism is possible in relation to the hematotoxic effect; with zidovudine - synergism in relation to myelotoxic action; with paracetamol - it is possible to increase the activity of liver enzymes; with theophylline - a decrease in the clearance of theophylline.
special instructions
In thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of less than 50,000 / μl, s / c should be used. If CNS side effects develop in elderly patients receiving high doses of interferon alfa, a thorough examination should be carried out and, if necessary, treatment should be interrupted. Patients should undergo hydration therapy, especially in the initial period of treatment. In patients with hepatitis C receiving therapy with interferon alfa for systemic use, thyroid dysfunction, expressed in hypo- or hyperthyroidism, is possible. Therefore, before starting a course of treatment, it is necessary to determine the level of TSH in the blood serum and start treatment only if the level of TSH in the blood is normal.
