Colloquial name for the disease. The meaning of the word patient in medical terms

He gets sick of everything

Same as sickness

Sickness, sickness, sickness

Illness, bodily grief and other troubles

Word definitions for sickness in dictionaries

ailments, pl. no, w. (Region). The same as illness.

and. razg.-decrease. The same as: sickness.

southern sickness, sickness, sickness. Chew a fire. hurt, be sick. He gets sick of everything.

Y, well. (simple, and reg.). Sickness, sickness. H. won.

Examples of the use of the word sickness in the literature.

But the obverse is the obverse, and the spotted fever clearly looms from the reverse - that one sickness, a sure and painful end.

I would like kva-asu, - Eropkin mumbled, feeling that from a hangover ailments the mind is about to go beyond reason, and the guest, briskly jumping up from the bench, fussed, stammered, pleasing Yeropkin, like a sexton to the archpriest: - Right now, right now, dear man.

Moreover, now an additional lesson and only slobs expelled from previous laboratories for unpreparedness will come, and even sick people with papers about twigs, - these two categories of trainees intersect in the strongest way.

Since ancient times, he is a friend and guardian of a fisherman, keeps from death in a storm, from ice drift, from misfortunes, yes ailments.

Khvoroba, which dried up the peasant vineyards, devastated that huge vineyard, like a forest, that was spread out on a hillside near the station.

Source: Maxim Moshkov Library

Colloquial name of the disease, 5 letters, crossword puzzle

A word of 5 letters, the first letter is “X”, the second letter is “B”, the third letter is “O”, the fourth letter is “P”, the fifth letter is “b”, the word with the letter “X”, the last is “b ". If you do not know a word from a crossword puzzle or a crossword puzzle, then our site will help you find the most difficult and unfamiliar words.

Other meanings of this word:

Random joke:

If there were Winds at the Mir station, it would still hang and hang.

Scanwords, crosswords, sudoku, keywords online

Answers to the crossword of the day No. from Odnoklassniki

The one allegedly poisoned by Salieri

Anxiety, slight fear

- "Sweet" epithet for a gourmet

French movie star

One of the three loopholes for enriching the seller

Underground escape route

southern deciduous tree

Husband of Nastya Kamenskaya in the series (actor)

colloquial name for the disease

Spider net for catching flies

Yellow coin in rhyme to the bodyak

State and river in the southern United States

Who according to cameras and angles is special

Magazine from which "you can light up"

Catholic prayer. Maria"

Large symphony drum

A mess of the word "light"

Earning money on compromising evidence

Sequential Detective Dog

Career milestone

Meat prepared for long-term storage

Fan's big brother

Generality of mountain ranges and massifs

- “I so want the summer not to end, so that. followed me"

Football team attack

Hook as a "gadget" from a boxer

- "White water" in the Turkic manner

A bunch of words for a Russian person

WARNING cf. Premonition of danger, feeling of anxiety, anxiety in anticipation of smth.

UTRUSKA - 1. Reducing the weight of loose bodies during transfer, transportation. 2. What is lost during transfer, transportation.

UNDER - 1. Action on the value. Verb: to dig, to dig. 2. Underground passage. 3. trans. unfold Intrigues, intrigues, intrigues in order to harm someone, smth.

PLATEAN - 1. High deciduous fast-growing tree of the plane tree family with a thick trunk and a wide crown of large bright green leaves. 2. The wood of such a tree is reddish-brown in color.

ILLNESS - colloquial-decreased. Illness, malaise, ill health.

MEDIAK - colloquial. Copper coin.

OPERATOR - obsolete. 1. One who operates on someone; surgeon.

OPERATOR - 1. A specialist who performs work on the management or maintenance of any. complex equipment or installation. 2. Specialist producing film or television. 3. An official in transport who receives the orders of the dispatcher and informs him of information about the movement.

OPERATOR - 1. A command or a series of commands of a program written in one of the programming languages.

Timpani - see timpani.

WEST - West, western direction (in navigation and meteorology).

blackmailer - one who engages in blackmail, achieves smth. through blackmail.

SPEAKER - 1. Hunting or service dog with a sharp instinct, looking for someone. or something. by smell. 2. trans. unfold Detective, spy.

STEP - open. 1. Reduce. to noun: step. 2. Caress. to noun: step.

Corned beef - Salted meat (usually beef).

OPAKHALO cf. obsolete 1. Fan (usually large and bizarre). // Device in the form of a large fan for brushing off insects. 2. The lamellar part of the feather of birds.

HIGHLAND cf. Plateau, upland.

ATTACK - 1. The rapid advance of troops on the enemy. // A quick, decisive or unexpected attack on an opponent (in certain sports: wrestling, fencing, football, hockey, etc.). 2. trans. Decisive action to achieve something. 3. trans. unfold Acute attack of the disease.

IMPACT - 1. A sharp, strong push made by someone, something, a sharp collision of someone, something. when moving. // The sound that occurs when something is pushed or collided. with smth. 2. trans. That which strikes causes something. unpleasant, hard. 3. Rapid attack, surprise attack, onslaught. // trans. Decisive action to stop something. 4. trans. Moral shock, sudden and strong chagrin. // Heavy damage, damage, loss. 5. open Hemorrhage in the brain, accompanied by loss of consciousness, paralysis. // Severe damage to the central nervous system.

MAT - 1. An attack on the opponent's king, a check from which there is no defense, which is the winning of the game (in a chess game). 2. trans. razg.-decrease. Hopeless, hopeless situation.

MAT - 1. Bedding, rug, usually woven from some kind of l. rough material. 2. Mattress, underlayed during various sports exercises to protect against bruises when falling. 3. Shelter made of straw, reeds, etc., to protect plants in greenhouses from the cold.

MAT - 1. Roughness, depriving the glass of transparency. 2. outdated. No shine, matte.

What are speech disorders? The main symptoms and causes of the disease

Speech disorders in the modern world are quite common, both in adults and in children. For the proper functioning of speech, in addition to the absence of problems in the vocal apparatus itself, the coordinated work of visual and auditory analyzers, the brain and other parts of the nervous system is necessary.

A speech disorder is a speech disorder that can be caused by various reasons. Consider the most common diseases:

Stuttering

Stuttering, or logoneurosis, is one of the most common disorders. This disorder is expressed in the periodic repetition of individual syllables or sounds during a conversation. In addition, convulsive pauses may occur in a person’s speech.

There are several types of stuttering:

Tonic appearance - frequent stops in speech and stretching of words.
Clonic view - repetition of syllables and sounds.

Stuttering can be triggered and aggravated by stress, emotional situations, and shocks, such as speaking in front of a large number of people.

Logoneurosis occurs in adults and children. It can be caused by neurological and genetic factors. With timely diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to completely get rid of this problem. There are many methods of treatment - both medical (physiotherapy, speech therapy, medication, psychotherapy), and methods of traditional medicine.

dysarthria

A disease that is characterized by slurred speech and problems with the articulation of sounds. Appears due to disorders in the central nervous system.

One of the characteristic features of this disease can be called reduced mobility of the speech apparatus - lips, tongue, soft palate, which complicates articulation and occurs due to insufficient innervation of the speech apparatus (the presence of nerve endings in tissues and organs, which provides communication with the central nervous system).

Erased dysarthria is not a very pronounced disease. The person has no problems with hearing and speech apparatus, but has difficulty in sound pronunciation.
Severe dysarthria is characterized by incomprehensible, slurred speech, disturbances in intonation, breathing, and voice.
Anarthria is a form of a disease in which a person is unable to speak clearly.

This violation requires complex treatment: speech therapy correction, drug intervention, physiotherapy exercises.

Dyslalia

Tongue-to-tongue is a disease in which a person pronounces some sounds incorrectly, skips them or replaces them with others. This disorder, as a rule, occurs in people with normal hearing and innervation of the articulatory apparatus. As a rule, treatment is carried out by speech therapy intervention.

This is one of the most common disorders of the speech apparatus, which is found in about 25% of preschool children. With timely diagnosis, the violation is quite successfully amenable to correction. Preschool children perceive correction much easier than schoolchildren.

Oligophasia

A disease that often occurs in people who have had epileptic seizure. It is characterized by an impoverishment of the vocabulary or a simplified construction of sentences.

Oligophasia can be:

Temporary - acute oligophasia caused by an epileptic seizure;
Progressive - interictal oligophasia, which occurs with the development of epileptic dementia.

Also, the disease can occur with disorders in the frontal lobe of the brain and some mental disorders.

Aphasia

A speech disorder in which a person cannot understand someone else's speech and express their own thoughts using words and phrases. The disorder occurs when the centers responsible for speech are affected in the cerebral cortex, namely, in the dominant hemisphere.

The cause of the disease can be:

hemorrhage in the brain;
abscess;
traumatic brain injury;
cerebral thrombosis.

There are several categories of this violation:

Motor aphasia - a person is not able to pronounce words, but can make sounds, understand someone else's speech.
Sensory aphasia - a person can speak, but cannot understand someone else's speech.
Semantic aphasia - a person's speech is not impaired and he is able to hear, but cannot understand the semantic relationships between words.
Amnestic aphasia is a disease in which a person forgets the name of an object, but is able to describe its function and purpose.
Total aphasia - a person is not able to speak, write, read and understand the speech of another.

Since aphasia is not a mental disorder, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the disease in order to treat it.

Akatophasia

Speech disorder, which is characterized by the replacement of necessary words with words that are similar in sound, but not suitable in meaning.

schizophasia

Psychiatric speech disease, which is characterized by speech fragmentation, incorrect semantic structure speech. A person is able to form phrases, but his speech does not make any sense, is nonsense. This disorder is most common in patients with schizophrenia.

Paraphasia

A speech disorder in which a person confuses individual letters or words and replaces them with incorrect ones.

There are two types of violation:

Verbal - replacing words that are similar in meaning.
Literal - caused by sensory or motor speech problems.

Expressive speech disorder

A developmental disorder in children in which there are shortcomings in the use of expressive means of speech. At the same time, children are able to express their thoughts and understand the meaning of someone else's speech.

Symptoms of this disorder also include:

small vocabulary;
grammatical errors - incorrect use of declensions and cases;
low speech activity.

This disorder can be transmitted at the genetic level, and is more common in men. It is diagnosed during examination by a speech therapist, psychologist or neurologist. For treatment, mainly psychotherapeutic methods are used, in some situations, medication is prescribed.

Logoclonia

A disease that is expressed in the periodic repetition of syllables or individual words.

This disorder is provoked by problems with the contraction of the muscles that are involved in the speech process. Muscle spasms are repeated one after another due to deviations in the rhythm of contractions. This disease can accompany Alzheimer's disease, progressive paralysis, encephalitis.

Most speech disorders can be corrected and treated if detected early. Be attentive to your health and contact a specialist if you notice deviations.

The meaning of the word SICK in Medical terms

(aegrotus, patiens) a person who has fallen ill with a particular disease.

Medical terms. 2012

Causes and treatment of forgetfulness

Forgetfulness, the causes of which can be very different, is now observed not only in the elderly, as it used to be, but also in very young women and men. Moreover, doctors are not even surprised that this problem often worries students and school-age children, who, it would seem, should not worry about their memory at all. About the name of the disease, when a person forgets everything, and what common causes cause memory problems, this article will tell.

Reasons for forgetfulness

It should be noted right away that modern man is most susceptible to the disease of forgetfulness, since a large amount of the most miscellaneous information coming from radio, television and especially the Internet. In this state, the human brain can independently block most unnecessary information, so as not to be completely overloaded.

Important! Scientists have found that the brain of healthy people can sort out at least a tenth of all incoming information and completely ignore it. That is why, in a way, forgetfulness is physiological norm, which allows a person to correctly assimilate information and not “clog” memory with it.

There are the following main reasons that a person’s memory is impaired and he claims to forget words during a conversation, especially if he carefully tries to remember everything at the right time:

Sleep deprivation.
Head injury.
Various diseases of the central nervous system and mental failures.
vascular atherosclerosis.
Diabetes.
Alzheimer's disease.
Diseases of the thyroid gland.
Osteochondrosis.
Depression.
Flaw useful substances.

Consider each of these causes of poor memory in more detail.

Read why memory loss occurs in older people: causes, treatment.

Sleep disturbance

The problem of lack of sleep (see Causes of insomnia) is very common today, especially among working people who may work at night. Also, with regular watching TV or spending time on the Internet until late in the evening, the human brain does not get enough time to rest and fails in the form of memory impairment.

In addition, you should be aware that disturbed sleep can be negatively displayed on the psycho-emotional background of a person, making him distracted, violating the speed of reaction.

In this state, there is no need to rush to take pills, because solving the problem is simple - you just need to normalize your sleep, sleep at least eight hours a day. This fully compensates for the time spent on rest, because then the brain will work much better.

Injuries

Head injuries are common cause forgetfulness. At the same time, the more complex the injury, the more serious the consequences can be in the form of memory impairment, nausea, weakness, and even visual impairment. In order to prevent the development of unwanted complications, immediately after the injury, you should consult a doctor, diagnose and treat.

Mental failures

Forgetfulness, the causes and treatment of which is considered by a neurologist, often develops due to mental illness and disorders. This may be, for example, Korsakov's syndrome, which involves a violation of the memorization of current events. This condition is treated for a long time. Sometimes it requires lifelong maintenance therapy. In many ways, treatment depends on the specific cause of the disease.

Atherosclerosis

Many patients forget words when speaking (reasons, symptoms depend on the neglect of the disease). This may be due to atherosclerosis of the vessels of the brain, in which blood circulation and blood flow to different departments brain tissues. This, in turn, can easily impair a person's memory. The treatment of this condition is long. It requires the most accurate compliance with all medical prescriptions.

Diabetes

When diabetes occurs in a person, blood vessels are severely affected. This leads to disruption of blood flow to the brain. Signs of diabetes can include extreme thirst, fatigue, dry mucous membranes, and frequent urination. Also, sometimes there are jumps in blood pressure, a violation of appetite. With these symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Alzheimer's disease

This disease is just the pathology in which a person's memory and intelligence are irreversibly impaired. Most often it affects older people over the age of 60 years. At the first suspicion of this disease, you should immediately consult a doctor. With a timely identified pathology, it is easier to treat and slower progression of forgetfulness can be achieved.

Thyroid disease

With such diseases, a person has an acute shortage of the production of certain hormones that affect the overall deterioration of a person’s well-being, as well as memory loss. In this state of affairs, you need to contact an endocrinologist and take tests. Treatment involves taking medicines, adherence to a diet with iodine (eating fish, persimmons, nuts, seaweed, other products rich in this useful substance).

Osteochondrosis

With this disease, the blood circulation of the brain is severely disturbed in a person, which leads to memory failures. Moreover, sometimes osteochondrosis even leads to a stroke, so it must be treated. Symptoms of this condition will be headaches, weakness and numbness of the fingers.

Depression

Depression is not only a violation of the human psyche, but also a condition that can impair memory. To eliminate it, the patient should take antidepressants, which will help normalize his condition and normalize the psycho-emotional background.

Do you know what causes memory loss after alcohol? Event memory violation mechanism.

Read what is dementia with Lewy bodies and how pathology affects memory.

Lack of nutrients

With a meager, monotonous diet, a person does not receive even half of the vitamins he needs. The same applies to frequent dieting, which leads to a deficiency of nutrients and memory impairment. To prevent this, it is important to eat right and balanced. The diet should be rich in vitamins, minerals, calcium and other necessary substances.

So, forgetfulness is not a "character trait." If suddenly you begin to forget words, events or people, you should be worried. You can not engage in self-diagnosis and even more self-treatment. It is better to immediately contact a neurologist, undergo an examination. Only a doctor prescribes medications after establishing the cause.

colloquial name for the disease

Automatic obedience (ICD 295.2) is a phenomenon of excessive obedience (manifestation of "command automatism") associated with catatonic syndromes and a hypnotic state.

Aggressiveness, aggression (ICD 301.3; 301.7; 309.3; 310.0) - as a biological feature of organisms lower than humans, is a component of behavior implemented in certain situations to meet vital needs and eliminate the danger emanating from the environment, but not to achieve destructive purposes, unless it is associated with predatory behavior. Applied to humans, this concept is extended to include harmful behavior (normal or painful) directed against others and oneself and motivated by hostility, anger or rivalry.

Agitation (ICD 296.1) is marked restlessness and motor excitation, accompanied by anxiety.

Catatonic agitation (ICD 295.2) is a condition in which psychomotor manifestations of anxiety are associated with catatonic syndromes.

Ambivalence (ICD 295) - the coexistence of antagonistic emotions, ideas or desires in relation to the same person, object or position. According to Bleuler, who coined the term in 1910, momentary ambivalence is part of normal mental life; pronounced or persistent ambivalence is the initial symptom of schizophrenia, in which it can take place in the affective ideational or volitional sphere. It is also part of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and is sometimes seen in manic-depressive psychosis, especially in long-term depression.

Ambition (ICD 295.2) is a psychomotor disorder characterized by duality (ambivalence) in the sphere of voluntary actions, which leads to inappropriate behavior. This phenomenon is most often manifested in catatonic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia.

Selective amnesia (ICD 301.1) is a form of psychogenic memory loss for events associated with factors that caused a psychological reaction, which is usually regarded as hysterical.

Anhedonia (ICD 300.5; 301.6) is the inability to feel pleasure, which is observed especially often in patients with schizophrenia and depression.

Note. The concept was introduced by Ribot (1839-1916).

Astasia-abasia (ICD 300.1) is the inability to maintain an upright position, leading to the inability to stand or walk, with unimpaired movements of the lower extremities lying or sitting. In the absence of an organic lesion of the central nervous system, astasia-abasia is usually a manifestation of hysteria. Astasia, however, may be a sign of an organic brain lesion involving the frontal lobes and corpus callosum in particular.

Autism (ICD 295) is a term coined by Bleuler to refer to a form of thinking characterized by a weakening or loss of contact with reality, a lack of desire for communication, and excessive fantasizing. Profound autism, according to Bleuler, is a fundamental symptom of schizophrenia. The term is also used to refer to a specific form of childhood psychosis. See also early childhood autism.

Affect instability (ICD 290-294) is an uncontrolled, unstable, fluctuating expression of emotions, most often observed in organic brain lesions, early schizophrenia and some forms of neuroses and personality disorders. See also mood swings.

Pathological affect (ICD 295) is a general term describing painful or unusual mood states, of which depression, anxiety, elation, irritability, or affective instability are the most common. See also affective flatness; affective psychoses; anxiety; depression; mood disorders; a state of elation; emotions; mood; schizophrenic psychoses.

Affective flatness (ICD 295.3) is a pronounced disorder of affective reactions and their monotony, expressed as emotional flattening and indifference, in particular as a symptom that occurs in schizophrenic psychoses, organic dementia, or in psychopathic personalities. Synonyms: emotional flattening; affective dullness.

Aerophagia (ICD 306.4) is the habitual swallowing of air, leading to belching and bloating, often accompanied by hyperventilation. Aerophagia can be observed in hysterical and anxiety states, but it can also act as a monosymptomatic manifestation.

Painful jealousy (ICD 291.5) is a complex painful emotional state with elements of envy, anger and desire to possess the object of one's passion. Sexual jealousy is a well-defined symptom of a mental disorder and sometimes occurs with organic brain damage and states of intoxication (see mental disorders associated with alcoholism), functional psychoses (see paranoid disorders), with neurotic and personality disorders, the dominant clinical sign is often delusional beliefs in the betrayal of a spouse (wife) or lover (lover) and a willingness to convict a partner of reprehensible behavior. Considering the possibility of the pathological nature of jealousy, it is also necessary to take into account social conditions and psychological mechanisms. Jealousy is often a motive for committing violence, especially in men against women.

Delusion (ICD 290-299) - a false, uncorrectable belief or judgment; not corresponding to reality, as well as to the social and cultural attitudes of the subject. Primary delirium is completely impossible to understand on the basis of a study of the life history and personality of the patient; secondary delusions can be psychologically understood as they arise from morbid manifestations and other features mental state, for example, states of affective disorder and suspiciousness. Birnbaum in 1908 and then Jaspere in 1913 differentiated between delusion proper and delusional ideas; the latter are simply erroneous judgments that are expressed with excessive persistence.

Delusions of grandeur - a painful belief in own importance, grandeur, or lofty purpose (e.g., delusions of a messianic mission), often accompanied by other fantastic delusions, which can be a symptom of paranoia, schizophrenia (often, but not always, of the paranoid type), mania, and organic diseases of the brain. See also ideas of greatness.

Delusions about changes in one's own body (dysmorphophobia) - a painful belief in the presence of physical changes or illness, often bizarre in nature, and based on somatic sensations, which leads to hypochondriacal preoccupation. This syndrome is most often observed in schizophrenia, but can manifest itself in severe depression and organic brain diseases.

Delusion of the messianic mission (ICD 295.3) is a delusional belief in one's own divine chosenness to accomplish great feats of saving the soul or atoning for the sins of humanity or a certain nation, religious group, etc. Messianic delusion can occur with schizophrenia, paranoia and manic-depressive psychosis , as well as in psychotic conditions caused by epilepsy. In some cases, especially in the absence of other overt psychotic manifestations, this disorder is difficult to distinguish from the characteristics of the beliefs inherent in this subculture, or the religious mission carried out by members of any fundamental religious sects or movements.

Delusions of persecution - a pathological belief of the patient that he is a victim of one or more subjects or groups. It is observed in a paranoid state, especially in schizophrenia, as well as in depression and organic diseases. In some personality disorders, there is a predisposition to such delusions.

Delusional interpretation (ICD 295) is a term coined by Bleuler (Erklarungswahn) to describe delusional ideas that express a quasi-logical explanation for another, more generalized delusion.

Suggestibility is the state of receptivity to non-critical acceptance of ideas, judgments, and behaviors observed or demonstrated by others. Suggestibility can be increased by the environment, drugs, or hypnosis and is most commonly seen in individuals with hysterical traits. The term "negative suggestibility" is sometimes applied to negativistic behavior.

Hallucination (ICD) is a sensory perception (of any modality) that appears in the absence of appropriate external stimuli. In addition to the sensory modality that characterizes hallucinations, they can be subdivided according to intensity, complexity, clarity of perception, and according to the subjective degree of their projection onto environment. Hallucinations can occur in healthy individuals in a half-asleep (hypnagogic) state or in a state of incomplete awakening (hypnopompic). As a pathological phenomenon, they can be symptoms of brain disease, functional psychoses and toxic effects of drugs, each having its own characteristic features.

Hyperventilation (ICD 306.1) is a condition characterized by longer, deeper or more frequent respiratory movements, leading to dizziness and convulsions due to the development of acute gas alkalosis. It is often a psychogenic symptom. In addition to wrist and foot cramps, subjective phenomena such as severe paresthesias, dizziness, a feeling of emptiness in the head, numbness, palpitations, and apprehension can be associated with hypocapnia. Hyperventilation is a physiological response to hypoxia, but may also occur during states of anxiety.

Hyperkinesis (ICD 314) - excessive violent movements of the limbs or any part of the body, appearing spontaneously or in response to stimulation. Hyperkinesis is a symptom of various organic disorders of the central nervous system, but can also occur in the absence of visible localized lesions.

Disorientation (ICD 290-294; 298.2) - violations of the temporary topographic or personal spheres of consciousness associated with various forms of organic brain damage or less often with psychogenic disorders.

Depersonalization (ICD 300.6) is a psychopathological perception characterized by heightened self-awareness, which becomes inanimate with an intact sensory system and the ability to emotionally respond. There are a number of complex and distressing subjective phenomena, many of which are difficult to put into words, the most severe being the sensations of change in one's own body, careful introspection and automation, lack of affective response, disturbance of the sense of time, and feelings of alienation. The subject may feel that his body is separated from his sensations, as if he himself is watching himself from the side, or as if he (she) is already dead. Criticism of this pathological phenomenon, as a rule, is preserved. Depersonalization may appear as an isolated phenomenon in otherwise normal individuals; it can occur in a state of fatigue or strong emotional reactions, and may also be part of the complex seen in mental chewing, obsessive anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, certain personality disorders, and brain dysfunction. The pathogenesis of this disorder is unknown. See also depersonalization syndrome; derealization.

Derealization (ICD 300.6) is a subjective feeling of alienation, similar to depersonalization, but more related to the outside world than to self-perception and awareness of one's own personality. The surroundings seem colorless, life is artificial, where people seem to play their intended roles on the stage.

A defect (ICD 295.7) (not recommended) is a long-term and irreversible impairment of any psychological function (e.g., "cognitive defect"), the general development of mental abilities ("mental defect"), or the characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving that constitutes an individual. A defect in any of these areas may be congenital or acquired. Kraepelin (1856-1926) and Bleuler (1857-1939) regarded the characteristic defective state of the personality, ranging from impaired intelligence and emotions or from mild eccentric behavior to autistic withdrawal or affective flattening, as criteria for exiting schizophrenic psychosis (see also personality changes) as opposed to coming out of a manic-depressive psychosis. According to recent studies, the development of a defect after a schizophrenic process is not inevitable.

Dysthymia is a less severe state of depressed mood than dysphoria associated with neurotic and hypochondriacal symptoms. The term is also used to refer to the pathological psychological sphere in the form of a complex of affective and obsessional symptoms in subjects with a high degree of neuroticism and introversion. See also hyperthymic personality; neurotic disorders.

Dysphoria is an unpleasant condition characterized by depressed mood, gloominess, restlessness, anxiety, and irritability. as well as neurotic disorders.

Blurred consciousness (ICD; 295.4) is a state of disturbed consciousness, which is the mild stages of a disorder that develops along a continuum - from clear consciousness to coma. Disorders of consciousness, orientation and perception are associated with brain damage or other somatic diseases. This term is sometimes used to refer to a wider range of disorders (including limited perceptual field after emotional stress), but it is most appropriate to use it to refer to the early stages of an organic state of confusion due to an organic disease. See also confusion.

Ideas of greatness (ICD 296.0) - exaggeration of one's abilities, strength and excessive self-esteem, observed in mania, schizophrenia and psychosis on organic grounds, for example, in progressive paralysis.

Ideas of relation (ICD 295.4; 301.0) - a pathological interpretation of neutral external phenomena as having a personal, usually negative significance for the patient. This disorder appears in sensitive individuals as a result of stress and fatigue, and can usually be understood in the context of current events, but it may be a precursor to delusional disorders.

Personality change is a violation of fundamental character traits, usually for the worse, as a result of or as a consequence of a physical or mental disorder.

Illusions (ICD 291.0; 293) - an erroneous perception of any real-life object or sensory stimulus. Illusions can occur in many people and are not necessarily a sign of a mental disorder.

Impulsivity (ICD 310.0) is a factor related to the temperament of the individual and manifested by actions that are performed unexpectedly and inappropriately to the circumstances.

Intelligence (ICB 290; 291; 294; 310; 315; 317) is a general mental ability that allows you to overcome difficulties in new situations.

Catalepsy (ICD 295.2) is a painful condition that begins suddenly and lasts a short or long time, which is characterized by the suspension of voluntary movements and the disappearance of sensitivity. The limbs and torso can maintain the position given to them - a state of waxy flexibility (flexibilitas cerea). Breathing and pulse slow, body temperature drops. Sometimes a distinction is made between flexible and rigid catalepsy. In the first case, the position is given by the slightest external movement, in the second, the given posture is steadfastly maintained, despite attempts made from outside to change it. This condition can be caused by organic lesions of the brain (for example, with encephalitis), as well as observed with catatonic schizophrenia, hysteria and hypnosis. Synonym: wax flexibility.

Catatonia (ICD 295.2) is a range of qualitative psychomotor and volitional disorders, including stereotypes, mannerisms, automatic submissiveness, catalepsy, echokinesis and echopraxia, mutism, negativism, automatisms and impulsive acts. These phenomena can be detected against the background of hyperkinesis, hypokinesis or akinesis. Catatonia was described as an independent disease by Kahlbaum in 1874, and later Kraepelin regarded it as one of the subtypes of dementia praecox (schizophrenia). Catatonic manifestations are not limited to schizophrenic psychosis and may occur with organic lesions of the brain (for example, with encephalitis), various somatic diseases and affective conditions.

Claustrophobia (ICD 300.2) is a pathological fear of confined spaces or enclosed spaces. See also agoraphobia.

Kleptomania (ICD 312.2) is an obsolete term for a painful, often sudden, usually irresistible and unmotivated urge to steal. Such conditions tend to recur. Items that subjects steal are usually devoid of any value, but may have some symbolic meaning. It is believed that this phenomenon, more common in women, is associated with depression, neurotic diseases, personality disorder or mental retardation. Synonym: shoplifting (pathological).

Compulsion (ICD 300.3; 312.2) - an irresistible need to act or act in a way that the person himself regards as irrational or meaningless and is explained more by an internal need than by external influences. When an action is subject to an obsessive state, the term refers to actions or behaviors that are the result of obsessive ideas. See also obsessive (compulsive) action.

Confabulation (ICD 291.1; 294.0) is a memory disorder with clear consciousness, characterized by memories of fictitious past events or sensations. Such memories of fictitious events are usually imaginative and must be provoked; less often they are spontaneous and stable, and sometimes show a tendency to grandiosity. Confabulations are usually observed on organic soil in amnestic syndrome (for example, in Korsakov's syndrome). They may also be iatrogenic. They should not be confused with memory hallucinations that occur in schizophrenia or pseudological fantasies (Delbrück syndrome).

Criticism (ICD 290-299; 300) - this term in general psychopathology refers to an individual's understanding of the nature and cause of his disease and the presence or absence of a correct assessment of it, as well as the effect that it has on him and others. Loss of criticism is seen as an essential feature in favor of a diagnosis of psychosis. In psychoanalytic theory this kind of self-knowledge is called "intellectual insight"; it differs from "emotional insight", which characterizes the ability to feel and comprehend the significance of "unconscious" and symbolic factors in the development of emotional disorders.

Personality (ICD 290; 295; 297.2; 301; 310) - congenital features of thinking, sensations and behavior that determine the uniqueness of the individual, his lifestyle and the nature of adaptation and are the result of constitutional factors of development and social status.

Mannerity (ICD 295.1) is an unusual or pathological psychomotor behavior, less persistent than stereotypes, related more to personal (characterological) features.

Violent sensations (ICD 295) are pathological sensations in clear consciousness, in which thoughts, emotions, reactions or movements of the body are influenced, as if they are "made", directed and controlled from the outside or by human or non-human forces. True violent sensations are characteristic of schizophrenia, but in order to realistically assess them, one should take into account the level of education of the patient, the characteristics of the cultural environment and beliefs.

Mood (ICD 295; 296; 301.1; 310.2) is the predominant and stable state of feelings, which, to an extreme or pathological degree, can dominate the external behavior and internal state of the individual.

Inadequate mood (ICD 295.1) - painful affective reactions that are not caused by external stimuli. See also mood incongruent; parathymia.

Mood incongruent (ICD 295) - a discrepancy between emotions and the semantic content of experiences. It is usually a symptom of schizophrenia, but also occurs in organic brain diseases and some forms of personality disorders. Not all experts recognize the division into inadequate and incongruent mood. See also inadequate mood; parathymia.

Mood fluctuations (ICD 310.2) - pathological instability or lability of an affective reaction without external cause. See also affect instability.

Mood disorder (ICD 296) - a pathological change in affect that goes beyond the norm, which falls into any of the following categories; depression, elation, anxiety, irritability and anger. See also pathological affect.

Negativism (ICD 295.2) is an antagonistic or oppositional behavior or attitude. Active or command negativism, expressed in the commission of actions opposite to those required or expected; passive negativism refers to a pathological inability to respond positively to requests or stimuli, including active muscular resistance; internal negativism, according to Bleuler (1857-1939), is behavior in which physiological needs, such as eating and expelling, are not obeyed. Negativism can occur in catatonic states, in organic diseases of the brain, and in some forms of mental retardation.

Nihilistic delusions are a form of delusion primarily expressed in the form of a severe depressive state and are characterized by negative ideas about oneself and the world around them, for example, the idea that the outside world does not exist, or that one's own body has ceased to function.

Obsessive (compulsive) action (ICD 312.3) is a quasi-ritual performance of an action aimed at reducing feelings of anxiety (for example, washing hands to exclude infection) due to an obsessive idea or need. See also compulsion.

Obsessive (obsessive) ideas (ICD 300.3; 312.3) are unwanted thoughts and ideas that cause persistent, persistent reflections that are perceived as inappropriate or meaningless and which must be resisted. They are regarded as alien to the given personality, but emanating from the personality itself.

Paranoid (ICD 291.5; 292.1; 294.8; 295.3; 297; 298.3; 298.4; 301.0) is a descriptive term denoting either pathological dominant ideas or delusions of attitude concerning one or more topics, most often persecution, love, envy, jealousy, honor, litigation, grandiosity and supernaturalism. It can be observed in organic psychoses, intoxications, schizophrenia, and also as an independent syndrome, a reaction to emotional stress, or a personality disorder. Note. It should be noted that French psychiatrists traditionally attach a different meaning to the term "paranoid", which was mentioned above; equivalents of this value to French- interpretatif, delirant or persecutoire.

Parathymia is a mood disorder observed in patients with schizophrenia, in which the state of the affective sphere does not correspond to the patient's environment and / or his behavior. See also inadequate mood; incongruent mood.

Flight of ideas (ICD 296.0) is a form of thought disturbance usually associated with a manic or hypomanic mood and is often experienced subjectively as thought pressure. Typical features are fast speech without pauses; speech associations are free, quickly arise and disappear under the influence of transient factors or for no apparent reason; increased distractibility is very characteristic, rhyming and puns are not uncommon. The flow of ideas may be so strong that the patient is hardly able to express it, so his speech sometimes becomes incoherent. Synonym: fuga idearum.

The surface effect (ICD 295) is the lack of emotional reaction associated with the disease and expressed as indifference to external events and situations; usually seen in hebephrenic-type schizophrenia, but can also be seen in organic brain lesions, mental retardation, and personality disorders.

Laxative habit (ICD 305.9) – laxative use (abuse) or as a means of controlling one's own body weight, often combined with "feasting" in bulimny.

High spirits (ICD 296.0) is an affective state of joyful fun, which, when it reaches a significant degree and leads to a separation from reality, is the dominant symptom of mania or hypomania. Synonym: hyperthymia.

Panic attack (ICD 300.0; 308.0) is a sudden attack of intense fear and anxiety, in which signs and symptoms of painful anxiety become dominant and are often accompanied by irrational behavior. Behavior in this case is characterized by either extremely reduced activity or purposeless agitated hyperactivity. An attack can develop in response to sudden, serious threatening situations or stresses, and also occur without any previous or provoking events in the process of anxiety neurosis. see also panic disorder; panic state.

Psychomotor disorders (ICD 308.2) - a violation of expressive motor behavior that can be observed in various nervous and mental illness. Examples of psychomotor disorders are paramimia, tics, stupor, stereotypes, catatonia, tremor and dyskinesia. The term "psychomotor epileptic seizure" was previously used to refer to epileptic seizures characterized mainly by manifestations of psychomotor automatism. Currently, it is recommended to replace the term "psychomotor epileptic seizure" with the term "seizure of automatism epileptic".

Irritability (ICD 300.5) is a state of excessive arousal as a reaction to unpleasantness, intolerance or anger, observed with fatigue, chronic pain, or a sign of a change in temperament (for example, with age, after a brain injury, with epilepsy and manic-depressive disorders).

Confusion (ICD 295) is a state of confusion in which answers to questions are incoherent and fragmentary, resembling confusion. It is observed in acute schizophrenia, severe anxiety, manic-depressive illness and organic psychoses with confusion.

The flight reaction (ICD 300.1) is a bout of vagrancy (short or prolonged), an escape from habitual habitats in a state of disturbed consciousness, which is usually followed by partial or complete amnesia of this event. Flight reactions are associated with hysteria, depressive reactions, epilepsy, and sometimes brain damage. As psychogenic reactions, they are often associated with escape from places where trouble has been observed, and individuals with this condition behave more orderly than "disorganized epileptics" with an organic-based flight reaction. See also narrowing (restriction) of the field of consciousness. Synonym: state of vagrancy.

Remission (ICD 295.7) is a state of partial or complete disappearance of symptoms and clinical signs of a disorder.

Ritual behavior (ICD 299.0) is repetitive, often complex and usually symbolic actions that serve to enhance biological signaling functions and acquire ritual significance when performing collective religious rites. In childhood, they are a component of normal development. As a pathological phenomenon, consisting either in the complication of everyday behavior, such as compulsive washing or dressing, or in even more bizarre forms, ritual behavior occurs in obsessional disorders, schizophrenia, and early childhood autism.

Withdrawal symptoms (ICD 291; 292.0) are physical or mental phenomena that develop during the period of withdrawal as a result of the cessation of the consumption of a narcotic substance that causes dependence in this subject. The picture of the symptom complex with the abuse of different substances is different and may include tremor, vomiting, abdominal pain, fear, delirium and convulsions. Synonym: withdrawal symptoms.

Systematized delusion (ICD 297.0; 297.1) is a delusional belief that is part of a related system of pathological ideas. Such delusions can be primary or represent quasi-logical conclusions derived from a system of delusional premises. Synonym: systematized nonsense.

Decrease in memory capacity (ICD 291.2) is a decrease in the number of cognitively unrelated elements or units (normal number 6-10), which can be correctly reproduced after a single consecutive presentation. Memory capacity is a measure of short-term memory associated with perceptual ability.

A dream-like state (ICD 295.4) is a state of disturbed consciousness, in which, against the background of a slight clouding of consciousness, the phenomena of depersonalization and derealization are observed. Sleep-like states can be one of the steps on the scale of deepening organic disturbances of consciousness, leading to a twilight state of consciousness and delirium, but they can also occur in neurotic diseases and in a state of fatigue. A complex form of sleep-like state with vivid, scenic visual hallucinations, which may be accompanied by other sensory hallucinations (oneirondic dream-like state), is sometimes observed in epilepsy and some acute psychotic illnesses. See also oneirophrenia.

Social isolation (autism) (ICD 295) - refusal of social and personal contacts; most often occurs in the early stages of schizophrenia, when autistic tendencies lead to withdrawal and alienation from people and impaired ability to communicate with them.

Spasmusnutans (ICD 307.0) (not recommended) - 1) rhythmic twitches of the head in the anteroposterior direction, associated with compensatory balancing movements of the body in the same direction, sometimes spreading to upper limbs and nystagmus; movements are slow and appear in series of 20-30 persons with mental retardation; this condition is not associated with epilepsy; 2) the term is sometimes used to describe epileptic seizures in children, characterized by a fall of the head on the chest due to loss of muscle tone in the neck and tonic spasm during flexion due to contraction of the anterior muscles. Synonyms; salaam teak (1); spasm of babies (2).

Confusion (ICD 290-294) is a term commonly used to refer to a state of confusion associated with an acute or chronic organic disease. Clinically characterized by disorientation, mental slowdown with poor associations, apathy, lack of initiative, fatigue, and impaired attention. In mild states of confusion, when examining a patient, rational reactions and actions can be achieved, however, with a more severe degree of disorder, patients are not able to perceive the surrounding reality. The term is also used in a broader sense to describe thought disturbance in functional psychosis, but this use of the term is not recommended. See also reactive confusion; blurred consciousness. Synonym; a state of confusion.

Stereotypes (ICD 299.1) are functionally autonomous pathological movements that are grouped into a rhythmic or complex sequence of non-purposeful movements. In animals and humans, they appear in a state of physical limitation, social and sensory deprivation, and can be caused by taking drugs, such as phenamine. These include repetitive locomotion (movement), self-injury, head bobbing, bizarre postures of the limbs and torso, and mannerisms. These clinical signs are observed in mental retardation, congenital blindness, brain damage and autism in children. In adults, stereotypes can be a manifestation of schizophrenia, especially in catatonic and residual forms.

Fear (ICD 291.0; 308.0; 309.2) is a primitive intense emotion that develops in response to a real or imagined threat and is accompanied by physiological reactions resulting from the activation of the autonomic (sympathetic) nervous system and protective behavior when the patient, trying to avoid danger, runs away or hides.

Stupor (ICD 295.2) is a condition characterized by mutism, partial or complete immobility and psychomotor unresponsiveness. Depending on the nature or cause of the disease, consciousness may be disturbed. Stuporous states develop in organic diseases of the brain, schizophrenia (especially in the catatonic form), depressive illness, hysterical psychosis and acute reactions to stress.

Catatonic stupor (ICD 295.2) is a state of suppressed psychomotor activity caused by catatonic symptoms.

Judgment (ICD 290-294) - a critical assessment of the relationship between objects, circumstances, concepts or terms; hypothetical presentation of these connections. In psychophysics, this is the distinction between stimuli and their intensity.

Narrowing of consciousness, limitation of the field of consciousness (ICD 300.1) is a form of impaired consciousness, characterized by its narrowing and the dominance of a limited small group of ideas and emotions with the practical exclusion of other content. This state appears with an extreme degree of fatigue and hysteria; it can also be associated with some forms of cerebral disorders (in particular, the state of twilight consciousness in epilepsy). See also foggy mind; twilight state.

Tolerance - pharmacological tolerance occurs when repeated administration of a given amount of a substance causes a reduced effect, or when a gradual increase in the amount of the administered substance is required to obtain the effect previously achieved with a lower dose. Tolerance may be innate or acquired; in the latter case, it may be the result of predisposition, pharmacodynamics, or behavior that contributes to its manifestation.

Anxiety (ICD 292.1; 296; 300; 308.0; 309.2; 313.0) is a painful addition to a subjectively unpleasant emotional state fear or other premonitions directed to the future, in the absence of any perceived threat or danger, or the complete absence of the connection of these factors with this reaction. Anxiety can be accompanied by a feeling of physical discomfort and manifestations of voluntary and autonomic dysfunction of the body. Anxiety can be situational or specific, that is, associated with a particular situation or object, or "free floating" when there is no obvious link to external factors that cause this anxiety. The characteristics of anxiety can be distinguished from the state of anxiety; in the first case, this is a stable feature of the personality structure, and in the second, a temporary disorder. Note. Translation of the English term "anxiety" into other languages may present certain difficulties due to subtle differences between the additional connotation expressed by words related to the same concept.

Separation anxiety (not recommended) is a loose term that most often refers to normal or painful reactions—anxiety, distress, or fear—in a young child who is separated from his or her parents (parent) or caregivers. In the further development of mental disorders, this disorder in itself does not play a role; it becomes their cause only if other factors are added to it. Psychoanalytic theory identifies two types of separation anxiety: objective and neurotic.

Phobia (ICD 300.2) is a pathological fear that may be diffuse or focused on one or more objects or circumstances, out of proportion to external danger or threat. This state is usually accompanied by bad forebodings, as a result of which the person tries to avoid these objects and situations. This disorder is sometimes closely associated with an obsessive-compulsive disorder. See also phobic condition.

Emotions (ICD 295; 298; 300; 308; 309; 310; 312; 313) is a complex state of the activation reaction, which consists in a variety of physiological changes, heightened perception and subjective sensations aimed at certain actions. See also pathological affect; mood.

Echolalia (ICD 299.8) - automatic repetition of words or phrases of the interlocutor. This symptom can be a manifestation of normal speech in early childhood, occur in some disease states, including dysphasia, catatonic states, mental retardation, early childhood autism, or take the form of the so-called delayed echolaline.

Keywords

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY / NON-TERMINOLOGICAL (COMMON) MEDICAL VOCABULARY / NON-TERMINOLOGICAL NAMES OF DISEASES/ MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY / NONTERMINOLOGICAL (EVERYDAY) MEDICAL LEXICON /

annotation scientific article on linguistics and literary criticism, author of scientific work - Ivanova Daria Sergeevna

Are being considered non-terminological names of diseases, which are part of the linguistic picture of the world of native speakers of the Russian language, containing a reflection of human knowledge about medicine. It was found that actually non-terminological names of diseases, their composition and functioning in modern scientific discourse is given little attention, these words are not analyzed specifically, but are considered only in the context of other problems. Under non-terminological name of the disease refers to a word or phrase that refers to non-terminological (everyday) medical vocabulary. As a rule, these are words that are synonymous with the scientific names of diseases and are widely used in colloquial speech or passed into the category of archaisms. These nominations are either recorded in etymological dictionaries and the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by V.I. Dahl, as well as in folklore texts (charms, legends), or for the most part are fixed in special medical terminological and philological dictionaries.

Nonterminological names of diseases as research object: Problem statement

The paper discusses nonterminological names of diseases which make the part of a language picture of the world of Russian native speakers reflecting human knowledge of medicine. Insignificant attention is paid to nonterminological names of diseases, to their structure and functioning in a modern scientific discourse; these words are not analyzed specially and are considered only in the context of other problems. The nonterminological name of a disease is understood as the word or a phrase relating to nonterminological (everyday) medical lexicon. As a rule, these are words which are synonyms of scientific names of diseases and are widely used in informal conversation or have passed into the category of archaisms. These nominations are either recorded in etymological dictionaries, in "The Eplanatory Dictionary of Russian" by V.I. Dahl, in folklore texts (sorceries, legends) or in the majority are fixed in special medical terminological and philological dictionaries.

The text of the scientific work on the topic "Non-terminological names of diseases as an object of study: to the formulation of the problem"

UDK 81 "373.2

Ivanova D.S.

Teacher of the Russian language and literature, MBOU "Lyceum No. 19", e-mail: [email protected]

Non-terminological names of diseases as an object of research: to the formulation of the problem

(Reviewed)

Annotation:

Non-terminological names of diseases are considered, which are part of the linguistic picture of the world of native speakers of the Russian language, containing a reflection of human knowledge about medicine. It was revealed that the actual non-terminological names of diseases, their composition and functioning in modern scientific discourse are given little attention, these words are not analyzed specifically, but are considered only in the context of other problems. A non-terminological name of a disease is understood as a word or phrase related to non-terminological (everyday) medical vocabulary. As a rule, these are words that are synonymous with the scientific names of diseases and are widely used in colloquial speech or have become archaic. These nominations are either recorded in etymological dictionaries and the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by V.I. Dahl, as well as in folklore texts (charms, legends), or for the most part are fixed in special medical terminological and philological dictionaries.

Keywords:

Medical terminology, non-terminological (everyday) medical vocabulary, non-terminological names of diseases.

Teacher of Russian and Literature at Lyceum No. 19, Maikop, Russia, e-mail: [email protected]. en

Nonterminological names of diseases as research object:

problem statement

in "The Eplanatory Dictionary of Russian" by V.I. Dahl, in folklore texts (sorceries, legends) or in the majority are fixed in special medical terminological and philological dictionaries. keywords:

Medical terminology, nonterminological (everyday) medical lexicon, nonterminological names of diseases.

At all times, humanity has been concerned about the problems associated with maintaining health and prolonging life, diagnosing diseases and treating them. Naturally, medical vocabulary occupies a significant place in the lexical system of the Russian language. Therefore, the problem of medical vocabulary as a complex interaction of terminology and generally accepted colloquial names of certain phenomena related to this area of human activity does not leave linguists indifferent. So, at present, on the basis of special concepts of various fields of medicine, an attempt is being made to single out typological terminology as a relatively differentiated linguistic discipline.

Such linguists as G.A. Abramova, E.A. Akimova, N.E. Ma-zalova, V.T. Katerinich, V.A. Merkulova, A.B. Yudin, O.A. Cherepanov. It should be noted that the characteristics of the most common diseases and their accompanying symptoms, as well as a set of methods for treating Russian traditional medicine, were described by V.F. Demich (“Essays on Russian Folk Medicine”, 1942) and G.I. Popov (“Russian Folk Household Medicine”, 1953), medical scientists of the first quarter of the 20th century.

E. A. Akimova considers non-terminological names of diseases from the point of view of linguoculurology. Turning to the study of the motives underlying the names of the concepts of folk medical vocabulary, the researcher analyzes the cognitive aspect of naming, taking into account the axiological component. Linguistic studies of N.E. Ma-

ova hall, V.T. Katerinich are aimed at studying the relationship between the religious and mystical consciousness of Russian speakers and folk medical vocabulary. V.T. Katerinich describes how the Christian component is represented in the field of medical vocabulary: in the folk and terminological names of diseases, organs of the body, medicines, considers the sources and time of occurrence of nominations of this kind. The origin of folk vocabulary belonging to the semantic field of medicine is studied by V.A. Merkulov. Her articles (“Folk Names of Diseases”, 1972 and “Three Russian Medical Terms”, 1988) present etymology, comparison of non-terminological names of diseases that function in Russian with similar names in other Slavic languages, the history of the penetration and consolidation of a certain name of the disease In russian language; interpretation of the meanings of a number of non-terminological names of diseases and phenomena related to them. The monograph by A.V. Yudin "Onomasticon of Russian conspiracies" (1997) is a complete description of the corpus of proper names found in the texts of magical Russian folklore. The dictionary records the names of the characters of the conspiracy - universal, helpers, defenders (healers) and opponents, indicates all the functions that the character named in magical texts performs. A big step towards the study of medical vocabulary was made by G. A. Abramova. Her dissertation “Medical Vocabulary: Main Features and Development Trends (on the Material of the Russian Language)” (2003) is devoted to the description of terminology and

commonly used medical vocabulary in synchronous and diachronic terms.

The analysis of the above works showed that the lexical-semantic field of traditional medicine has been studied quite thoroughly. The scientific literature presents linguoculturological, etymological, ethnographic, communicative aspects of the study of this vocabulary. However, little attention is paid to the actual non-terminological names of diseases, their composition and functioning in modern scientific discourse, these words are not analyzed specifically, but are considered only in the context of other problems.

A non-terminological name of a disease is understood as a word or phrase related to non-terminological (everyday) medical vocabulary. As a rule, these are words that are synonymous with the scientific names of diseases and are widely used in colloquial speech (anemia - anemia, chicken pox - chickenpox, hepatitis - jaundice, etc.) or have passed into the category of archaisms (asthma - breath, hemorrhoids - kidney , smallpox - sypuha, etc.).

It should be noted that it is possible to present the definitions of the layer of vocabulary analyzed by us through a dichotomy: scientific names of diseases / non-scientific (non-terminological / naive / folk / everyday) names of diseases. In the scientific literature, out of the proposed nominations, only the term combination “popular names of diseases” (E.A. Akimova, N.E. Mazalova, V.T. Katerinich, V.A. Merkulova, etc.) is actively functioning, which makes up with other concepts lexico-semantic field of traditional medicine, which is "accumulated by the people in the process historical development body of empirical knowledge about the manifestations of diseases, medicinal properties plants, substances of animal, mineral origin, as well as a number of practical techniques aimed at

dedicated to the prevention and treatment of diseases ". Linguists also use the following definitions: non-terminological, everyday medical vocabulary (G.A. Abramova), everyday medical terms (T.A. Shikanova), everyday, colloquial medical vocabulary (E.P. Eliseeva, L.S. Prikhna) . Following G. A. Abramova, we will use the term combination “non-terminological names of diseases”, which combines medical names used in everyday colloquial speech, including popular names of diseases. Thus, the popular names of diseases are related to non-terminological ones as part to the whole.

It should be noted that in folk medicine not only diseases in the modern sense of the word are qualified, but also painful symptoms, conditions that have outward manifestation(fever, convulsions, fainting) and internal - subjective sensations of the patient (stuffy nose, shooting in the ear), which leads to the use of the term non-terminological names of diseases in a broad sense. These nominations are archaic and are recorded in the etymological dictionary and the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by V.I. Dahl, as well as in folklore texts (charms, legends) and are used only by the older rural population.

Another part of the body of disease names that we have identified, which are widely used in colloquial speech, are non-terminological in nature, however, for the most part, they are fixed in special medical terminological dictionaries. The Big Medical Encyclopedia contains the following dictionary entries for non-terminological names of diseases: cataracts, insomnia, myopia, dropsy, deafness, hyperopia, jaundice, volvulus, constipation, congestive nipple, goiter, strabismus, clubfoot, clubhand, tongue-tied

hives, urticaria, rubella, torticollis, hemorrhage, fever, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, runny nose, obesity, burns, frostbite, fracture, diarrhea, gunpowder disease, prickly heat, pruritus, leprosy, bedsores, cancer, rickets, erysipelas, anthrax, dementia, deaf-blindness, blindness, elephantiasis, sunstroke, sleeping sickness, spinal tassels, tetanus, hearing loss, scales, plague, barley, foot-and-mouth disease. This phenomenon, in our opinion, can be explained both by the historical circumstances of the formation of medical vocabulary in the Russian language, and by other sociolinguistic reasons.

The prevalence and frequency of use of the nominations we studied in everyday speech people who do not have a medical education is confirmed by the presence of such words in philological dictionaries. So, in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language S.I. Ozhegova and N.Yu. Shvedova explains almost all non-terminological names of diseases presented in the Great Medical Encyclopedia, with the exception of such words as congestive nipple, torticollis, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, gunpowder disease, pruritus. It should be noted that the interpretation of some names of diseases is made by means of words denoting the names of patients, for example: short-sighted, far-sighted, sideways, clubfoot, cross-handed, deaf-blind-mute ("cross-eyed - suffering from strabismus"). The non-terminological name of the disease cancer has a homonym in this dictionary (cancer1, -a, m. A shelled freshwater or marine arthropod with claws and an abdomen ...), as well as constipation (constipation1, -a, m. 1. see. lock up ...), leprosy (leprosy2, - s, f. - the same as a prank), erysipelas (erysipelas2, - and, f. - simple. - the same as the face), barley (barley1 - I, m. - cereal, usually spring.). The words goiter, urticaria, fever, fracture, blindness, insanity, ulcer in their dictionary entries have other, non-medical meanings, which proves their widespread use.

these names of diseases in colloquial speech, not only in direct, but also in figurative sense. The outdated names of the diseases scale, slander, fire are given other interpretations that are not related to medicine.

In the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language S.I. Ozhegova and N.Yu. Shvedova also included words that were not in the special medical reference book. Many of these non-terminological names of diseases have the following marks: obsolete. (Antonov fire, fever, kondrashka enough, epilepsy, consumption); unfold (chickenpox1, boil), simple, (stabbing). The interpretation of these nominations is given either directly in the dictionary entry (madness, lupus, miscarriage, worms, abscess, fungus, chest, wen, cleft lip, yawning, scrofula, itching, hiccups, fright of scabies, bone beetles, night blindness, anemia, thrush2, incontinence , scab, mumps1, bruise, madness, typhoid, bruise, flux1, consumption), or the definition contains a word that is more common or more significant and represents a terminological name: leukemia (same as leukemia), tubercles (same as as tuberculosis), chicken pox (same as chicken pox), hydrophobia (same as rabies), fever (same as fever), angina pectoris2 (common name for angina pectoris), kondrashka enough (about apoplexy), sleepwalking (same as somnambulism), epilepsy (epilepsy, epilepsy).

Non-terminological names of diseases are inextricably linked with scientific names, however, along with this, in the speech activity of native speakers of the Russian language, there is a big gap between the terminological vocabulary and those words used by people who do not have a medical education. The coexistence of special terms and non-terminological, everyday names of diseases is a sociolinguistic problem, but at the same time it is also a problem of speech ethics.

doctors, because such a substitution of the term by a non-terminological name leads to bilingualism of physicians, who are faced with the communicative task of achieving an understanding of the patient. According to foreign linguists Pius Haken and Renata Panokova, “the use of medical language is an important area of research within the framework of current linguistics, including research

of interaction between doctor and patient and morphological and lexical issues” .

Thus, further comprehensive study of non-terminological names of diseases will make it possible to present this vocabulary as part of the linguistic picture of the world of native speakers of the Russian language, containing a reflection of human knowledge about medicine.

Notes:

1. Kazarina S.G. Typological terminology as a differentiated linguistic discipline // Bulletin of the Adyghe State University. Ser. Philology and art history. Maykop, 2012. Issue. 3. S. 192-195.

2. Akimova E.A. Axiological component of folk names of diseases // Vestn. Moscow university Ser. 9. Philology. 2002. No. 2. S. 5-9.

3. Katerinich V.T. Terms of medicine in a medieval mirror // Vestn. Moscow university Ser. 9. Philology. 1999. No. 5. S. 127-133.

4. Merkulova V.A. Folk names of diseases (based on the Russian language) // Etymology. 1970. M.: Nauka, 1972. S. 143-206.

5. Yudin A.V. Onomasticon of Russian conspiracies. M., 1997. 270 p.

6. Big medical encyclopedia. 2nd ed. M.: State. publishing house honey. lit., 1958. 592 p.

7. Abramova G.A. Medical vocabulary: basic properties and development trends: author. dis. ... Dr. Philol. Sciences. Krasnodar: KubGU, 2003. 46 p.

1. Kazarina S.G. Typological term studies as a differentiated linguistic discipline // Bulletin of Adyghe State University. Ser. Philology and the Arts. Maikop, 2012. Iss. 3. P. 192-195.

2. Akimova E.A. The axiological component of folk names of illnesses // Bulletin of Moscow University. Ser. 9. Philology. 2002 No. 2. P. 5-9.

3. Katerinich V.T. Medical terms of in middle-age mirror // Bulletin of Moscow University. Ser. 9. Philology. 1999 No. 5. P. 127-133.

4. Merkulova V.A. Folk names of illnesses (based on the material of the Russian language) //Etymology. 1970. M.: Nauka, 1972. P. 143-206.

5. Yudin A.V. Onomasticon of Russian charms. M., 1997. 270 pp.

6. Great medical encyclopedia. The 2nd ed. M.: State Publishing house of med lit., 1958.592 pp.

7. Abramova G.A. Medical vocabulary: basic properties and development trends: Diss, abstract for the Dr. of Philology degree. Krasnodar: KubSU, 2003. 46 pp.

8. Pius Ten Hacken, Panocova R. Word Formation and Transparency in Medical English. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015. P. 371.

A speech disorder is a disorder of speech skills that can be caused by various reasons. Consider the most common diseases:

Stuttering

There are several types of stuttering:

Tonic appearance - frequent stops in speech and stretching of words.
Clonic view - repetition of syllables and sounds.

Stuttering can be triggered and aggravated by stress, emotional situations, and shocks, such as speaking in front of a large number of people.

A disease that is characterized by slurred speech and problems with the articulation of sounds. Appears due to disorders in the central nervous system.

Types of violation:

Erased dysarthria is not a very pronounced disease. The person has no problems with hearing and speech apparatus, but has difficulty in sound pronunciation.
Severe dysarthria is characterized by incomprehensible, slurred speech, disturbances in intonation, breathing, and voice.
Anarthria is a form of a disease in which a person is unable to speak clearly.

This violation requires complex treatment: speech therapy correction, drug intervention, physiotherapy exercises.

Dyslalia

A disease that often occurs in people who have had an epileptic seizure. It is characterized by an impoverishment of the vocabulary or a simplified construction of sentences.

Oligophasia can be:

Temporary - acute oligophasia caused by an epileptic seizure;
Progressive - interictal oligophasia, which occurs with the development of epileptic dementia.

Also, the disease can occur with disorders in the frontal lobe of the brain and some mental disorders.

Aphasia

The cause of the disease can be:

hemorrhage in the brain;
abscess;
traumatic brain injury;
cerebral thrombosis.

There are several categories of this violation:

- a person is not able to pronounce words, but can make sounds, understand someone else's speech.
Sensory aphasia - a person can speak, but cannot understand someone else's speech.
Semantic aphasia - a person's speech is not impaired and he is able to hear, but cannot understand the semantic relationships between words.
Amnestic aphasia is a disease in which a person forgets the name of an object, but is able to describe its function and purpose.
Total aphasia - a person is not able to speak, write, read and understand the speech of another.

Since aphasia is not a mental disorder, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the disease in order to treat it.

Akatophasia

Speech disorder, which is characterized by the replacement of necessary words with words that are similar in sound, but not suitable in meaning.

schizophasia

Psychiatric speech disease, which is characterized by speech fragmentation, incorrect semantic structure of speech. A person is able to form phrases, but his speech does not make any sense, is nonsense. This disorder is most common in patients with schizophrenia.

Paraphasia

A speech disorder in which a person confuses individual letters or words and replaces them with incorrect ones.

There are two types of violation:

Verbal - replacing words that are similar in meaning.
Literal - caused by sensory or motor speech problems.

Symptoms of this disorder also include:

small vocabulary;
grammatical errors - incorrect use of declensions and cases;
low speech activity.

Logoclonia

A disease that is expressed in the periodic repetition of syllables or individual words.

Most speech disorders can be corrected and treated if detected early. Be attentive to your health and contact a specialist if you notice deviations.

Word definitions for sickness in dictionaries

Examples of the use of the word sickness in the literature.

Colloquial name of the disease, 5 letters, crossword puzzle

Other meanings of this word:

Random joke:

Answers to the crossword of the day No. from Odnoklassniki

What are speech disorders? The main symptoms and causes of the disease

Stuttering

dysarthria

Dyslalia

Oligophasia

Aphasia

Akatophasia

schizophasia

Paraphasia

Expressive speech disorder

Logoclonia

The meaning of the word SICK in Medical terms

See also interpretations, synonyms and meanings of the word SICK in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

Causes and treatment of forgetfulness

Reasons for forgetfulness

Sleep disturbance

Injuries

Mental failures

Atherosclerosis

Diabetes

Alzheimer's disease

Thyroid disease

Osteochondrosis

Depression

Lack of nutrients

colloquial name for the disease

annotation scientific article on linguistics and literary criticism, author of scientific work - Ivanova Daria Sergeevna

Related Topics scientific works on linguistics and literary criticism, author of scientific work - Ivanova Daria Sergeevna

Nonterminological names of diseases as research object: Problem statement

The text of the scientific work on the topic "Non-terminological names of diseases as an object of study: to the formulation of the problem"

Stuttering

Dyslalia

Aphasia

Akatophasia

schizophasia

Paraphasia

Logoclonia

Treatment of speech disorder