Changes in Unified State Exam assignments in physics for 2019 no year.
Structure of Unified State Examination tasks in physics 2019
The examination paper consists of two parts, including 32 tasks.
Part 1 contains 27 tasks.
- In tasks 1–4, 8–10, 14, 15, 20, 25–27, the answer is an integer or finite number decimal.
- The answer to tasks 5–7, 11, 12, 16–18, 21, 23 and 24 is a sequence of two numbers.
- The answer to tasks 19 and 22 are two numbers.
Part 2 contains 5 tasks. The answer to tasks 28–32 includes detailed description the entire progress of the task. The second part of the tasks (with a detailed answer) is assessed by an expert commission on the basis of.
Unified State Exam topics in physics that will be included in the exam paper
- Mechanics(kinematics, dynamics, statics, conservation laws in mechanics, mechanical vibrations and waves).
- Molecular physics(molecular kinetic theory, thermodynamics).
- Electrodynamics and fundamentals of SRT(electric field, direct current, magnetic field, electromagnetic induction, electromagnetic oscillations and waves, optics, fundamentals of SRT).
- Quantum physics and elements of astrophysics(wave-corpuscular dualism, atomic physics, physics of the atomic nucleus, elements of astrophysics).
Duration of the Unified State Exam in Physics
The entire examination work will be completed 235 minutes.
Estimated time to complete tasks various parts work is:
- for each task with a short answer – 3–5 minutes;
- for each task with a detailed answer – 15–20 minutes.
What you can take for the exam:
- A non-programmable calculator is used (for each student) with the ability to calculate trigonometric functions(cos, sin, tg) and ruler.
- The list of additional devices and devices, the use of which is permitted for the Unified State Examination, is approved by Rosobrnadzor.
Important!!! You should not rely on cheat sheets, tips or the use of technical means (phones, tablets) during the exam. Video surveillance at the Unified State Exam 2019 will be strengthened with additional cameras.
Unified State Exam scores in physics
- 1 point - for 1-4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27 tasks.
- 2 points - 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 21, 24.
- 3 points - 28, 29, 30, 31, 32.
Total: 52 points(maximum primary score).
What you need to know when preparing tasks for the Unified State Exam:
- Know/understand the meaning of physical concepts, quantities, laws, principles, postulates.
- Be able to describe and explain physical phenomena and properties of bodies (including space objects), the results of experiments... give examples practical use physical knowledge
- Distinguish hypotheses from scientific theory, draw conclusions based on experiment, etc.
- Be able to apply acquired knowledge when solving physical problems.
- Use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life.
Where to start preparing for the Unified State Exam in Physics:
- Study the theory required for each task.
- Train in test tasks in physics, developed on the basis of the Unified State Exam. On our website, tasks and options in physics will be updated.
- Manage your time correctly.
We wish you success!
Physics is one of the basic sciences of natural science. The study of physics at school begins in the 7th grade and continues until the end of school. By this time, schoolchildren should already have developed the proper mathematical apparatus necessary for studying a physics course.
- The school curriculum in physics consists of several large sections: mechanics, electrodynamics, vibrations and waves, optics, quantum physics, molecular physics and thermal phenomena.
School physics topics
In the 7th grade There is a superficial familiarization and introduction to the physics course. Basic physical concepts are considered, the structure of substances is studied, as well as the pressure force with which various substances affect others. In addition, the laws of Pascal and Archimedes are studied.
In 8th grade various physical phenomena are studied. Are given initial information, about the magnetic field and the phenomena in which it occurs. Constant is being studied electricity and basic laws of optics. The various aggregate states of matter and the processes that occur during the transition of a substance from one state to another are analyzed separately.
9th grade is devoted to the basic laws of motion of bodies and their interaction with each other. The basic concepts of mechanical vibrations and waves are considered. The topic of sound and sound waves. The basics of the theory are studied electro magnetic field and electromagnetic waves. In addition, one gets acquainted with the elements of nuclear physics and studies the structure of the atom and the atomic nucleus.
In 10th grade An in-depth study of mechanics (kinematics and dynamics) and conservation laws begins. The main types of mechanical forces are considered. There is an in-depth study of thermal phenomena, molecular kinetic theory and the basic laws of thermodynamics are studied. The basics of electrodynamics are repeated and systematized: electrostatics, the laws of constant electric current and electric current in various media.
Grade 11 devoted to the study of the magnetic field and the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. Are studied in detail different kinds vibrations and waves: mechanical and electromagnetic. There is a deepening of knowledge from the optics section. Elements of the theory of relativity and quantum physics are considered.
- Below there is a list classes from 7 to 11. Each class contains topics on physics, which are written by our tutors. These materials can be used by both students and their parents, and school teachers and tutors.
Physics is a rather complex subject, so preparing for the Unified State Exam in Physics 2019 will take a sufficient amount of time. In addition to theoretical knowledge, the commission will test the ability to read diagrams and solve problems.
Let's look at the structure of the exam paper
It consists of 32 tasks distributed over two blocks. For understanding, it is more convenient to arrange all the information in a table.
The entire theory of the Unified State Examination in Physics by sections
- Mechanics. This is a very large, but relatively simple section that studies the movement of bodies and the interactions that occur between them, including dynamics and kinematics, conservation laws in mechanics, statics, vibrations and waves of a mechanical nature.
- Molecular physics. In this topic Special attention focuses on thermodynamics and molecular kinetic theory.
- Quantum physics and components of astrophysics. These are the most difficult sections that cause difficulties both during study and during testing. But also, perhaps, one of the most interesting sections. Here, knowledge is tested on such topics as the physics of the atom and the atomic nucleus, wave-particle duality, and astrophysics.
- Electrodynamics and special theory of relativity. Here you can’t do without studying optics, the fundamentals of SRT; you need to know how the electric and magnetic fields operate, what direct current is, what are the principles of electromagnetic induction, how electromagnetic oscillations and waves arise.
Yes, there is a lot of information, the volume is very decent. In order to successfully pass the Unified State Exam in physics, you need to have a very good command of the entire school course in the subject, and it is studied for five whole years. Therefore, it will not be possible to prepare for this exam in a few weeks or even a month. You need to start now so that you can feel calm during the tests.
Unfortunately, the subject of physics causes difficulties for many graduates, especially for those who chose it as their major for admission to university. Effective Study This discipline has nothing to do with memorizing rules, formulas and algorithms. In addition, mastering physics ideas and reading as much theory as possible is not enough; you need to be proficient in mathematical techniques. Often unimportant math training prevents a student from doing well in physics.
How to prepare?
Everything is very simple: choose a theoretical section, read it carefully, study it, trying to understand all physical concepts, principles, postulates. After this, reinforce your preparation by solving practical problems on the chosen topic. Use online tests to test your knowledge, this will allow you to immediately understand where you are making mistakes and get used to the fact that a certain time is given to solve a problem. We wish you good luck!
The proposed manual is addressed to students in grades 10-11 who plan to take the Unified State Exam in physics, teachers and methodologists. The book is intended for initial stage active preparation for the exam, to practice all topics and types of tasks of basic and advanced levels of complexity. The material presented in the book complies with the Unified State Exam-2016 specification in physics and the Federal State Educational Standard for secondary general education.
The publication contains the following materials:
- theoretical material on the topics “Mechanics”, “Molecular Physics”, “Electrodynamics”, “Oscillations and Waves”, “Optics”, “Quantum Physics”;
- tasks of basic and advanced levels of complexity for the above sections, distributed by topic and level;
- answers to all tasks.
The book will be useful for repeating the material, for practicing the skills and competencies necessary for passing the Unified State Exam, for organizing exam preparation in the classroom and at home, as well as for use in the educational process not only for the purpose of exam preparation. The manual is also suitable for applicants planning to take the Unified State Exam after a break in their studies.
The publication is included in the educational and methodological complex “Physics. Preparation for the Unified State Exam."
Examples.
Two cars left points A and B towards each other. The speed of the first car is 80 km/h, the second is 10 km/h less than the first. What is the distance between points A and B if the cars meet in 2 hours?
Bodies 1 and 2 move along the x-axis with constant speed. Figure 11 shows graphs of the dependence of the coordinates of moving bodies 1 and 2 on time t. Determine at what time t the first body will catch up with the second.
Two cars are driving along a straight section of highway in the same direction. The speed of the first car is 90 km/h, the second is 60 km/h. What is the speed of the first car relative to the second?
Table of contents
From authors 7
Chapter I. Mechanics 11
Theoretical material 11
Kinematics 11
Dynamics of a material point 14
Conservation laws in mechanics 16
Statics 18
Basic difficulty level 19 tasks
§ 1. Kinematics 19
1.1. Speed uniform rectilinear motion 19
1.2. Equation of uniform rectilinear motion 21
1.3. Speed addition 24
1.4. Movement with constant acceleration 26
1.5. Free Fall 34
1.6. Circular movement 38
§ 2. Dynamics 39
2.1. Newton's laws 39
2.2. Force universal gravity law of universal gravitation 42
2.3. Gravity, body weight 44
2.4. Elastic force, Hooke's law 46
2.5. Friction force 47
§ 3. Conservation laws in mechanics 49
3.1. Pulse. Law of conservation of momentum 49
3.2. Work of force.^Power 54
3.3. Kinetic energy and its change 55
§ 4. Statics 56
4.1. Balance of bodies 56
4.2. Archimedes' law. Swimming condition of bodies 58
Tasks higher level difficulty 61
§ 5. Kinematics 61
§ 6. Dynamics of a material point 67
§ 7. Conservation laws in mechanics 76
§ 8. Statics 85
Chapter II. Molecular Physics 89
Theoretical material 89
Molecular Physics 89
Thermodynamics 92
Basic difficulty level 95 tasks
§ 1. Molecular physics 95
1.1. Models of the structure of gases, liquids and solids. Thermal movement of atoms and molecules. Interaction of particles of matter. Diffusion, Brownian motion, ideal gas model. Changes in the aggregate states of matter (explanation of phenomena) 95
1.2. Amount of substance 102
1.3. Basic equation MKT 103
1.4. Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy molecules 105
1.5. Equation of state of an ideal gas 107
1.6. Gas laws 112
1.7. Saturated steam. Humidity 125
1.8. Internal energy, amount of heat, work in thermodynamics 128
1.9. First law of thermodynamics 143
1.10. Efficiency of heat engines 147
Advanced level tasks 150
§ 2. Molecular physics 150
§ 3. Thermodynamics 159
Chapter III. Electrodynamics 176
Theoretical material 176
Basic concepts and laws of electrostatics 176
Electrical capacity. Capacitors. Energy electric field 178
Basic concepts and laws of direct current 179
Basic concepts and laws of magnetostatics 180
Basic concepts and laws of electromagnetic induction 182
Basic difficulty level tasks 183
§ 1. Fundamentals of electrodynamics 183
1.1. Electrification of bodies. Law of conservation of electric charge (explanation of phenomena) 183
1.2. Coulomb's Law 186
1.3. Electric field strength 187
1.4. Electrostatic field potential 191
1.5. Electrical capacity, capacitors 192
1.6. Ohm's law for circuit section 193
1.7. Series and parallel connection of conductors 196
1.8. DC operation and power 199
1.9. Ohm's Law for a Complete Circuit 202
§ 2. Magnetic field 204
2.1. Interaction of currents 204
2.2. Ampere power. Lorentz force 206
§ 3. Electromagnetic induction 212
3.1. Induction current. Lenz's Rule 212
3.2. Law of electromagnetic induction 216
3.3. Self-induction. Inductance 219
3.4. Magnetic field energy 221
Tasks of increased difficulty level 222
§ 4. Fundamentals of electrodynamics 222
§ 5. Magnetic field 239
§ 6. Electromagnetic induction 243
Chapter IV. Oscillations and waves 247
Theoretical material 247
Mechanical vibrations and waves 247
Electromagnetic oscillations and waves 248
Basic difficulty level 250 tasks
§ 1. Mechanical vibrations 250
1.1. Math pendulum 250
1.2. Dynamics of oscillatory motion 253
1.3. Energy conversion during harmonic vibrations 257
1.4. Forced vibrations. Resonance 258
§ 2. Electromagnetic oscillations 260
2.1. Processes in an oscillatory circuit 260
2.2. Period of free oscillations 262
2.3. Alternating electric current 266
§ 3. Mechanical waves 267
§ 4. Electromagnetic waves 270
Advanced tasks 272
§ 5. Mechanical vibrations 272
§ 6. Electromagnetic oscillations 282
Chapter V. Optics 293
Theoretical material 293
Basic concepts and laws of geometric optics 293
Basic concepts and laws of wave optics 295
Basics special theory relativity (SRT) 296
Basic difficulty level tasks 296
§ 1. Light waves 296
1.1. Law of Light Reflection 296
1.2. Law of light refraction 298
1.3. Constructing an image in lenses 301
1.4. Formula thin lens. Lens magnification 304
1.5. Dispersion, interference and diffraction of light 306
§ 2. Elements of the theory of relativity 309
2.1. Postulates of the theory of relativity 309
2.2. Main consequences of postulates 311
§ 3. Radiations and spectra 312
Tasks of increased difficulty level 314
§ 4. Optics 314
Chapter VI. Quantum Physics 326
Theoretical material 326
Basic concepts and laws of quantum physics 326
Basic concepts and laws of nuclear physics 327
Basic difficulty level tasks 328
§ 1. Quantum physics 328
1.1. Photo effect 328
1.2. Photons 333
§ 2. Atomic physics 335
2.1. The structure of the atom. Rutherford's experiments 335
2.2. Bohr model of the hydrogen atom 336
§ 3. Physics of the atomic nucleus 339
3.1. Alpha, beta and gamma radiation 339
3.2. Radioactive transformations 340
3.3. Law of Radioactive Decay 341
3.4. Structure of the atomic nucleus 346
3.5. Communication energy atomic nuclei 347
3.6. Nuclear reactions 348
3.7. Fission of uranium 350 nuclei
3.8. Chain nuclear reactions 351
§ 4. Elementary particles 351
Tasks of increased difficulty level 352
§ 5. Quantum physics 352
§ 6. Atomic physics 356
Answers to the collection of tasks 359.
The “Get an A” video course includes all the topics you need to successful completion Unified State Examination in mathematics for 60-65 points. Completely all problems 1-13 Profile Unified State Examination mathematics. Also suitable for passing the Basic Unified State Examination in mathematics. If you want to pass the Unified State Exam with 90-100 points, you need to solve part 1 in 30 minutes and without mistakes!
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The course contains 5 large topics, 2.5 hours each. Each topic is given from scratch, simply and clearly.
Hundreds of Unified State Exam tasks. Word problems and probability theory. Simple and easy to remember algorithms for solving problems. Geometry. Theory, reference material, analysis of all types of Unified State Examination tasks. Stereometry. Tricky solutions, useful cheat sheets, development of spatial imagination. Trigonometry from scratch to problem 13. Understanding instead of cramming. Clear explanations of complex concepts. Algebra. Roots, powers and logarithms, function and derivative. Basis for solution complex tasks 2 parts of the Unified State Exam.
