Spelling with two nn. Using the rules discussed above, we will find out the spelling of the words traveler, hotel, carnival, etc. Short adjectives and participles

The topic of the Russian language “Spelling “n” and “nn” in adjectives” is familiar to every schoolchild. However, after graduating from a general education institution, many people begin to forget the most simple rules and commit big number errors while creating any text. In this regard, we decided to remind you of the cases in which the suffixes “n” and “nn” are written in adjectives. You will also be presented with some exceptions to the current rules. They should be remembered.

Definition of part of speech

They call the nominative, which denotes a non-procedural attribute of an object, and also acts in a sentence as a definition or a nominal part of the predicate and answers the following questions: “which?”, “which?”, “which?”, and also “whose?” and what?".

general information

“Spelling “n” and “nn” in adjectives” is very important topic In russian language. After all, without knowledge of such simple rules, it is quite difficult to compose a literate text or even a letter.

It should be especially noted that adjectives can be formed both from nouns and from verbs. Knowing these basics will allow you to better understand how many “n”s you need to write in a given case.

Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives derived from nouns

So, let's figure out together in what cases you should use -nn-:

Which adjectives that come from nouns are spelled "n"?

Now you know in what cases the suffixes -NN- are written in adjectives (-ONN-, -ENN-, etc.) if they are formed from nouns. However, this is not enough to compose the text correctly. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the spelling rules of the suffixes -in-, -yan- and -an-:

1. In adjectives that are derived from nouns using the above suffixes, only 1 letter “n” is always written. Let's give an example: leather (leather), sparrow (sparrow), clay (clay), pigeon (dove), wax (wax), crane (crane), wood (firewood), nightingale (nightingale), etc. However, all rules have your exceptions. IN in this case these are the words “glass”, “wood” and “tin”. They contain 2 letters “nn”, and you should definitely remember them.
2. In adjectives that are formed without using any suffixes. Let's give an example: green (green). You also need to remember the following words: spicy, rosy, porky, young and united.

How many "n"s are there in adjective names that come from adjectives?

2 letters “n” are written if adjective names are formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -enn-, which indicates a greater measure of any attribute. Let's give an example: hefty, tall or wide.

Important notes regarding the rules described

The spelling of “n” and “nn” in adjectives also has the following features:

Spelling "nn" in adjectives and participles derived from verbs

So, 2 letters “n” should be written if:

1. Adjectives are formed from verbs with prefixes. Moreover, the prefix “non” almost never affects the spelling of “n” or “nn”. Thus, in an adjective with you should not write the same number of letters “n” as in an adjective without this prefix. Let's give an example: (tied, beveled, built).
2. If there are suffixes such as -eva- or -ova-. Let's give an example: an organized excursion, an uprooted forest, etc.). The following words are exceptions: chewed And forged. In this case, ov- and ev- are part of the root, and are not suffixes.
3. If the sentence contains any dependent word (for example, wicker).
4. If the adjective is formed from a verb that has a perfect form (for example, solved). The exception is the word “wounded”.

Spelling "n" in adjectives derived from verbs

One letter "n" is written in adjectives that are derived from verbs without the use of prefixes. Let's give an example: uncut, knitted. The exceptions are the following words: sacred, slow, unprecedented, unexpected, desired, unheard, unexpected and unexpected.

Letters "n", "nn" in short adjectives

In addition to the full names of adjectives, the Russian language also has short forms. To understand how “n” and “nn” are written in short adjectives, you should remember the rules about full ones. After all, they are the same for both forms.

Here's an example:

Important notes on the material covered

To finally understand how to write adjectives (with “n” or “nn”), you need to consider the following features:

1. Usually the suffixes -yan- and -an- give the meaning “intended for something” or “made of a certain material.” For example: wood, clothes; sandy, clay.

2. To compose a text correctly, you should distinguish between adjectives whose spelling is related to their meaning.

Windy, that is, “with the wind” (windy weather). Wind powered, that is, “powered by the power of the wind” (wind pump). In the phrase " chicken pox» the name of the adjective is written with 1 letter "n". This is due to the fact that this word comes from “chickenpox”.

Buttered, that is, “soaked in oil” (butter porridge). Oily, that is, “flattering” (oily voice). Butter, that is, “diluted in butter” (butter cookies).

Silver, that is, “subjected to silvering” (silver device). Silver, that is, “made of silver” (silver bottle).

Salty, that is, “containing salt” (salted fish). Solyanoy, that is, “consisting of salt” (salt column).

The Russian language is so diverse that most people get the impression that it is impossible to master the material, but this is not so.

It is necessary to remember a number of rules, one of which is “Spelling “n” and “nn” in participles.” It will help any schoolchild, student and person with experience in correctly formatting the text and performing exercises.

Spelling "N" and "NN" in participles

When to write one "N"

If there is no prefix at the beginning of a word, then a single letter is written. Options: more powerful n sunny streets, heat n y potatoes. The participle turns into an adjective.

If a word consists of two verbal units and is overloaded with symbols, a single version is also written. Option: smoother n y-re-smooth n th tie. Such a word also has the meaning of an adjective, its best quality.

It turns out that the semantic meaning of a word depends on its spelling, as well as its type.

Two "NN" in participles

In suffixes of passive participles, a double “n” is placed.

This happens when a prefix is ​​placed in a word:

• re right NN th book;
• cut piece;
• behind paved roads;
• re fried potatoes;
• re it seems NN oh road;
• teacher never clone

Double "N" is written in participles without prefixes in forms perfect form. Options: captivity NN oh, broche NN oh, decide NN y. And also in those participles that are formed from the aspect of the imperfect. Options: chita NN oh, I hear NN y.

“N” and “NN” in verbal adjectives

When to write "N"

Verb-based adjectives are not like participles - they do not use the usual prefix. Thus, words created on the basis of a verb and not containing a prefix are adjectives. Examples: chewing n y leaf, kova n oh nail, smarten up n oh boy, I guess n oh way, kvashe n oh cabbage.

Console NOT does not affect words, a single letter is written. Spelling options: uninvited n oh cat, that doesn't look right n y ravine.

One letter is written in compound adjectives that have two roots and two meanings. Examples: whole cut n th(tailored entirely) Zlatokova n th(forged from gold).

There are expressions with different meanings. For example, name n th friend. It is an adjective (verbal) and has the meaning not of being a native, but of being a brother in case of some circumstances.

But there is another option - name NN y in honor of someone. It turns out that the person was given a name in honor of his grandmother and grandfather. Such a word will be a participle, and will be written with two letters .

Cases of writing "NN"

"Being ra NN Otherwise, the officer remained in the division.” This sentence replaces the following phrase: “Soldier injured, but he did not leave his combat territory."

In this case, the opposite phenomenon occurs, degeneration into the sacrament occurs.

Double N is written in cases of using “OVANNYY” and “YOVANNYY” - those that are not included in the root. Options: granted title, uprooted path.

Exceptions

Exceptional Memory Options : form NN oh, what's up NN oh, I wish NN oh, jama NN oh, slow down NN oh, unseen NN oh, bad luck NN oh, I'm awake NN oh (eye), unexpected NN oh, unheard of NN oh, no way NN oh, okay NN oh, sacred NN oh, I think NN oh, wow NN oh, check NN y.

Spelling “N” and “NN” in adjectives formed from nouns

One letter is placed in the suffix part of the word " AN", « YAN" And " IN". Options: rye, tar, pigeon.

In combinations " ENN" And " HE N" double letters are used. Options: stone, window. In this case, a single letter “N” is for the root, and another for the suffix.

But there are exceptional options: glass Jann oh, tin Jann y, tree Jann oh, wind en y. They should be remembered.

How to choose whether to write “n” or “nn” in adjectives and participles

We looked at different uses and spellings of “N” inside participles and adjectives. Based on the analyzed material, the following conclusion can be drawn.

All participles are written with double “H”. All adjective words originally created from a verb use one “N”, except for exception words that need to be remembered.

Adjectives that begin with nouns are written with two letters “N” if one letter is placed in the root part and the other in the suffix. With one letter " N", if it is located directly in the suffix part.

Don't forget about special words that need to be remembered. And finally, a few examples of applying the rule.

Spelling: Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts speech (nouns, adjectives, participles, adverbs).

1. Two letters H written: 1) in adjectives formed using the suffix -n- from nouns with a stem on n(sleep - sleepy); 2) in adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -onn-, -enn-(station). Exception: windy.

2. One letter N written: 1) in the suffix -in-(goose); 2) in the suffix -en- (-yang-) adjectives formed from nouns (leather). Exceptions: tin, wood, glass.

3. B short adjectives the same number of letters is written n, so much in full. Tumanna (foggy).

4. Two letters N are written in suffixes of full participles and adjectives formed from verbs: 1) if they contain a prefix, except Not-; 2) if they include dependent words; 3) if the word has a suffix -ova-(-Eve-); 4) if the word is formed from an unprefixed perfective verb, except wounded. Dried, galvanized, stripped (from deprived - verb. Sov. v.), measured with a ruler

5. One letter N written in suffixes: 1) short passive participles; 2) prefixless adjectives formed from imperfective verbs, and also without a dependent word (confused answer). Exceptions; slow, desired, sacred, unexpected, unseen, unheard, unexpected.

6. In adverbs on -O (-e) is written the same amount n, how many are in the adjectives from which they are derived. Ordinary (ordinary).

Table “Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech”

Lesson summary “Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech.”

Participle and adjective. These two parts of speech have so much in common that it is often difficult to distinguish which is which. But from correct definition error-free spelling depends. This also applies to the rules governing the use of N and NN in adjectives and participles.

Participle: one or two n

Participle - verb form, which contains both verb features, and signs of an adjective. When thinking about how many N's to use when writing a participle, keep in mind that there are always two N's in this part of speech.

However there is special group- verbal participles. N and NN and the subtleties of their spelling in these parts of speech will be discussed in detail below, but for now we will give examples of the basic rule. In full passive participles with suffixes -nn- and -enn- Two letters N are always written, provided:

1. The sacrament has a prefix, for example: a plowed field, stewed vegetables, fried fish.
2. The presence of words dependent on it in the participle: fish dried on the balcony, apples soaked in a barrel, a field plowed in the morning.
3. This is a perfect participle: a purchased cloak, a solved equation, a captured warrior.
4. The formation of the participle involved a verb with a suffix -ova-(-eva-, -irova-): paved road (pave), explored area (explore).

If at least one of these conditions is met, you can safely use two letters N.

One N in adjectives

The situation with adjectives is much more complicated. Here, the spelling of one H or two depends on many factors.

Let's consider cases when one H is needed:

1. If the adjective has suffixes -in-, -an-(-yan-). The first, as a rule, refers to an animal (eagle's beak, rooster's tail, swan's fidelity). The second indicates what the item is made of: leather belt, Oil paint(oil-based paint, should be distinguished from the word oily in the meaning soaked in oil - an oily pancake), silver spoon (should also be distinguished from the word silver, with an emphasis on e - the meaning of the word “treated with silver”, the word in this meaning has the suffix - en-). This clause has three words that are exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
2. In adjectives in the formation of which no part of speech was involved (primitives): blue, young. Such adjectives do not have a suffix.
3. Exception word - adjective windy, here you need to write one H, but its derivatives with prefixes will have NN: the weather was calm, we approached from the leeward side. It is also worth distinguishing a word from another lexical meaning: wind (powered by wind) - wind engine, chicken pox.

NN in adjectives

NN should be written for adjectives in the following cases:

1. The letters stand at the junction of the root and the suffix: depth - deep; fog - foggy; million - millionth.
2. The adjective is formed using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: operational (from operation), station (station), intentional (to intend).
3. Ending with -ovanny (-evanny): pampered, painted, organized.

Verbal adjective

There is a whole group of adjectives - verbal ones. It is with their distinction that mistakes are made in the text and the rules N and НН in participles are incorrectly applied. Why? The fact is that they have a very pronounced meaning of action: fried, steamed, boiled. The rule “spelling N and NN in participles” does not apply to them. In verbal forms of an adjective, one N is always used.

Such adjectives have a number of specific features, by which one can easily guess that this is the part of speech that we have in front of us:

1. No attachment. Let's compare: painted - painted. The second word has a prefix, so the rule “N and NN in participles” applies to it - NN should be used. But the first one is a verbal adjective that must be written with one N.
2. No dependent words. Let's compare: a confused trace is a trace confused with special care. In the first case, we observe a verbal adjective, in which we write one N (there are no dependent words). They exist in the second case - we write, according to the rule “N and NN in participles”, with two N.

Verbal adjective or participle: algorithm

You can determine the spelling of N and NN in adjectives and participles using an algorithm, the main thing of which is to correctly recognize the part of speech. It must be remembered that the participle requires the placement of two Hs, and the verbal adjective requires one. Let's look at two examples.

• First: Boiled water is poured into the carafe . First, let’s determine the presence of a prefix: the verb “boil” is used in the formation of the word, and accordingly, the prefix is ​​missing. Next, let's see if there are dependent words. There is none of them. If these two points do not coincide, then most likely we have a verbal adjective. The only thing left to do is to check what type of verb the word is formed from. Boil (what to do? - imperfect species). This means that the rule “spelling N and NN in participles” does not work here. This name is an adjective - we write one letter N.
• Second: Freshly boiled water is poured into the carafe . We look for the presence of a prefix: boiled, formed from the verb “boil” using a prefix -all-. Although we could stop here, apply the rule “N and НН in participles” and write two N, let’s check further. At the word « boiled" is a dependent word - "recently", which means that we are clearly facing a participle.

So, briefly, the algorithm for using N and NN in participle suffixes comes down to the following: we determine whether the word has prefixes or dependent words. If there is, this is a participle, where NN is written. If there is neither one nor the other, we check the type of the verb that participated in the formation of the word: imperfect - one H, perfect - NN.

Spelling N and NN in short adjectives and participles

Another aspect of the rule regarding the use of N or NN in participles and adjectives is their short forms.

The short form of the adjective answers the questions “what? », “what? » In this form, as many letters N are required as are used in the full form: solemn speech - solemn speech, long path - the path is long, mysterious nature - nature is mysterious or a wounded fighter - a fighter is wounded, windy weather - windy weather, confused rule - confused rule .

In short participles, one N is always used, even if there are two in the full form. For example: lessons learned - lessons learned, newspaper read - newspaper read, poem written - poem written, house built - house built.

Spelling N and NN in adjectives

The number of letters N in adjectives depends on the suffix used to form the word.

If a word is formed using the suffix -N-, doubling of consonants is obtained only if the stem of the generating word ends in N. For example: SLEEP-N-YY, DRUM-N-YY.

If suffixes were used to form a word
–AN-, -YAN-, -IN-, then you need to write one letter N. For example: GUS-IN-Y, SILVER-YAN-Y, LEATHER-AN-Y.

If the suffixes are -ONN- or -ENN-, then two N are written. For example: AVIATION-ONN-YY, SOLOM-ENN-YY.

Remember a few exceptions: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN. These words are written with double N, despite the fact that they were formed using the suffix –YAN-.

Note also the word WINDY. It does not contain double consonants, since this adjective was formed not from the noun WIND, but from the obsolete verb VETRETI with the help of the suffix N.

There are also several adjectives for which this rule cannot be applied, for example: YOUNG, RUSH. The fact is that these words were formed without suffixes at all. They contain one H, which is at the root.

Exercise

1. From below came a growing, rising rumble, from the side - the knocking of bone balls through a glass partition, behind which alarmed faces flashed. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

2. Just think: forty kopecks from two dishes, and both of these dishes and five alts are not worth much, because the supply manager stole the remaining twenty-five kopecks. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

3. Then the bloody sun exploded in his head with a ringing sound, and he saw absolutely nothing else. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

4. Duck Nose turned pale, and Turbin immediately realized that he had made a mistake and had grabbed the wrong person. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

5. The machine, having turned the first stagnant waves, went smoothly, with a thousand-headed, lion's roar and ringing, filling the empty halls of Spimat. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

6. Looking around the position with his eagle gaze, Korotkov hesitated for a moment and with a battle cry: “Forward!” - ran into the billiard room. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

7. But the woman remained adamant and sad. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

8. He himself, in the same bandage, but not wetted, but dry, walked around not far from the group of executioners, without even removing the false silver lion muzzles from his shirt, without removing his greaves, sword and knife. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

9. Then he looked in horror at the razor mirror, sure that he had lost an eye. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

10. The long john rose with a strange, unnatural speed, and Korotkov’s heart sank at the thought that he would miss him. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

11. The man, smiling an unusually polite, lifeless, plaster smile, approached Korotkov. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

12. Korotkov tried to artificially laugh, but it didn’t work out for him. (M. Bulgakov “Diaboliad”)

13. With a shiny penknife, he cut the bell wire... (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

14. The government official is driving the car in vain! – the cat also lied, chewing a mushroom. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

15. Then he hung the heavy Mauser in a wooden holster, shaking the rack with deer antlers. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

16. I saw blurry clumps of virgin and untouched lilacs, under the snow, a door, a glass lantern of an old hallway covered with snow. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

17. The ruddy, fat cadet slammed his stock next to the box and stood motionless. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

18. ...the holster, probably due to absentmindedness unusual for Colonel Malyshev, was unfastened. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

19. The rifle rolled with a thud along the icy hump of the sidewalk. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

20. A strange drunken ecstasy rose from somewhere in Nikolka’s stomach, and her mouth immediately went dry. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

21. To replace the very weak and really difficult cases A wise animal instinct grows in an unnecessary mind. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

22. The jack of hearts climbed onto a chair, spat in Vasilisa’s mustache and fired at point-blank range. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

23. ... flashed on his hat a golden-gallon tail and the ends of two rifles. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

24. One only illuminated place: the black cast-iron Vladimir has been standing on a terrible heavy pedestal for a hundred years and holds in his hand, upright, a three-fat cross. (M. Bulgakov “The White Guard”)

25. He was wearing a leather jacket from someone else’s shoulder, worn leather pants and English high boots with laces to the knees. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

26. And if you want to listen to good advice: pour not English, but ordinary Russian vodka. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

27. The doctor, pale, with very determined eyes, raised his glass with a dragonfly waist. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

28. Philip Philipovich sadly pointed with both hands at the window curtain. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

29. On the side of the most magnificent jacket, like an eye, a precious stone stuck out. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

30. The blizzard flapped a gun over his head, threw up the huge letters of the canvas poster... (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

31. Complete amazement was expressed on their faces, and the woman became covered with a cranberry coating. (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

32. He fell straight onto the table into a long dish, splitting it lengthwise... (M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”)

33. Here, in the state library, authentic manuscripts of the warlock Herbert of Avrilak, the tenth century, were discovered, and so I need to sort them out. I am the only specialist in the world. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

34. The fiction writer Petrakov-Sukhovey, who was dining at the next table with his wife, who was finishing a pork escalope, with the observation characteristic of all writers, noticed the advances of Archibald Archibaldovich and was very surprised. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

35. He looked higher and saw a figure in a scarlet military robe, rising to the execution site. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”)

36. But the fact is that all the time and continuously new and new material. (M. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”).

The exercise was prepared by R. Lozovsky and B. A. Panov (“League of Schools”).