Menopause is a new stage in a woman’s life. Menopause in women. What is this? Main signs of menopause

– a physiological period in a woman’s life, characterized by the decline of reproductive function due to hormonal changes in the body. It begins after 40 years and lasts about 10 years. It manifests itself as a gradual cessation of menstruation. May be accompanied by a complex of vegetative-vascular and endocrine disorders: sudden attacks of blood flow to the upper half of the body and face (“heat”), sweating, tearfulness, irritability, hesitation blood pressure, increased dryness of the skin and mucous membranes, sleep disorders. May cause dysfunctional uterine bleeding, serious neuropsychiatric disorders.

General information

is a natural stage in a woman’s life and is characterized by reverse changes in the reproductive system - the cessation of childbearing and menstrual functions. The word “menopause” comes from the Greek “klimax” - a ladder, expressing symbolic steps leading from the flourishing of specific female functions to their gradual extinction.

A woman’s life consists of several age periods that have their own anatomical and physiological characteristics:

neonatal period - up to 10 days;
childhood period - up to 8 years;
period of puberty - from 8 to 17-18 years;
period of puberty (reproductive or childbearing) - from 18 to 45 years;
climacteric period (menopause), including:

premenopause - from 45 years to menopause;
menopause – cessation of menstruation (49-50 years);
postmenopause - from menopause - up to 65-69 years;

old age period - from 70 years.

With the average life expectancy of a woman being 75 years, a third of her life is spent during menopause.

In some women, menopause has a physiological course and does not cause pathological disorders; in others, the pathological course of menopause leads to the development of menopausal (climacteric) syndrome. Menopausal syndrome during menopause in women occurs with a frequency of 26–48% and is characterized by a complex of various disorders of the functions of the endocrine, nervous and cardiovascular systems, which often disrupts the normal functioning and ability of a woman to work. Questions pathological course menopause have important social and medical significance due to the increased average life expectancy of a woman and her socially active behavior.

Causes of menopausal syndrome

During menopause, changes occur throughout the body: immune defense decreases, the frequency of autoimmune and infectious diseases increases, and the aging process progresses. But the woman’s reproductive system undergoes the most active changes during menopause. During menopause, the development of follicles in the ovaries stops, eggs stop maturing and ovulating, and intrasecretory activity decreases. Follicles in the ovaries are replaced connective tissue, which leads to sclerosis and reduction of the ovaries in size.

The hormonal picture during menopause is characterized by an increase in the level of gonadotropic hormones (follicle-stimulating and luteinizing) and a decrease in the level of estrogen. During the year after menopause, the level of follicle-stimulating hormone increases by 13-14 times, luteinizing hormone by 3 times, followed by a slight decrease.

During menopause, changes in the synthesis of estrogen hormones include the cessation of estradiol production and the predominance of estrone. Estrogens have a biological effect on the uterus, mammary glands, urethra, bladder, vagina, pelvic floor muscles, brain cells, arteries and heart, bones, skin, mucous membranes of the conjunctiva, larynx, mouth, etc., and their deficiency during menopause can cause various disorders in these tissues and organs.

Menopausal syndrome during menopause is a manifestation of estrogen deficiency and is characterized by vegetative-neurotic, urogenital disorders, dystrophic changes in the skin, a high risk of developing atherosclerosis and vascular ischemia, osteoporosis, and psychological disorders. With an increase in the average life expectancy of a woman, the menopause lengthens and, accordingly, the period of estrogen deficiency increases, which increases the likelihood of developing menopausal syndrome.

Classification

According to its manifestations, menopausal syndrome is divided into early, middle and late manifestations of menopausal disorders. Early manifestations of menopausal disorders during menopause include:

vasomotor symptoms - feeling of hot flashes, headaches, increased sweating, chills, fluctuations in blood pressure, palpitations;
psycho-emotional symptoms - weakness, anxiety, irritability, drowsiness, inattention, forgetfulness, depression, decreased libido.

Early manifestations during menopause include premenopause and 1-2 years of postmenopause. Women with vasomotor and psycho-emotional symptoms during menopause are often treated by a therapist for hypertension, coronary heart disease, or by a psychoneurologist diagnosed with neurosis or a depressive state.

Medium-term manifestations of menopausal disorders during menopause include:

urogenital symptoms - vaginal dryness, painful sexual intercourse, burning, itching, dysuria (increased urination and urinary incontinence);
symptoms from the skin and its appendages - wrinkles, brittle nails, dry skin and hair, hair loss.

Medium-term manifestations during menopause are observed 2-5 years after menopause and are characterized by atrophic changes in the skin and urogenital tract. As a rule, symptomatic treatment of urogenital and skin symptoms during menopause does not give the desired effect.

Late-time manifestations of menopausal disorders during menopause include:

metabolic (metabolic) disorders - osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases.

Late-time manifestations during menopause develop 5-10 years after the onset of menopause. Insufficient levels of sex hormones during menopause lead to structural disruption bone tissue(osteoporosis) and lipid metabolism (atherosclerosis).

Symptoms of menopausal syndrome

The development and severity of menopausal syndrome is influenced by hormonal, environmental, hereditary factors, the general condition of a woman during menopause.

Vegetative-vascular (vasomotor) symptoms during the pathological course of menopause are observed in 80% of women. They are characterized by sudden “hot flashes” with a sharp expansion of the capillaries of the scalp, face, neck, chest, an increase in local skin temperature by 2-5°C, and body temperature by 0.5-1°C. “Hot flashes” are accompanied by a feeling of heat, redness, sweating, and palpitations. The state of “hot flashes” lasts 3-5 minutes, repeating from 1 to 20 or more times a day, intensifies at night, causing sleep disturbance. A mild degree of vasomotor disorders during menopause is characterized by the number of “hot flashes” from 1 to 10 per day, moderate – from 10 to 20, severe – from 20 or more in combination with other manifestations (dizziness, depression, phobias), leading to decreased ability to work.

In 13% of women with a pathological course of menopause, asthenoneurotic disorders occur, manifested by irritability, tearfulness, feelings of anxiety, fear, intolerance to olfactory and auditory sensations, and depression. Psycho-emotional symptoms during menopause develop before or immediately after menopause, while vasomotor symptoms continue for about 5 years after menopause.

The course of menopausal syndrome during menopause can develop in the form atypical forms:

sympatho-adrenal crises, characterized by a sharp headache, increased blood pressure, urinary retention followed by polyuria;
myocardial dystrophy, characterized by constant pain in the heart in the absence of changes on the ECG, ineffectiveness of conventional therapy;
urticaria, vasomotor rhinitis, allergies to medications And food products, indicating changes in the body’s immunological reactions, etc.

The course of menopause falls during important events in a woman’s life: children growing up and getting married, achievements at work, retirement changes, and climacteric disorders are layered with increased emotional stress and social problems. Almost 50% of women with a pathological course of menopause have a severe form of the disorder, in 35% the disorder is moderately expressed, and only in 15% the menopausal syndrome has mild manifestations. A mild form of menopause disorders is usually found among practically healthy women, while women with chronic diseases are susceptible to atypical forms of manifestation of menopausal syndrome, a tendency to a crisis nature of the course, which disrupts the general health of patients.

The development of menopausal syndrome during menopause is facilitated by genetic factors, endocrinopathies, chronic diseases, smoking, menstrual irregularities during puberty, early menopause, physical inactivity, and no history of pregnancy or childbirth.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the pathological course of menopause is based on complaints from patients who appear at the age of approaching or approaching menopause. Exacerbations of concomitant diseases sometimes complicate the diagnosis of menopausal syndrome during menopause, aggravating its course and causing the development of atypical forms. If there are concomitant diseases, a woman, in addition to consulting a gynecologist, is advised to consult other specialists: cardiologist, neurologist, endocrinologist.

In order to correctly diagnose the complicated course of menopause, a study of the levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones and estrogens in the blood is carried out. To be sure functional state ovaries during menopause, a histological analysis of scrapings of the endometrium of the uterus and cytological studies of vaginal smears over time are carried out, and a graph of basal temperature is plotted. Identification of anovulatory ovarian cycles makes it possible to associate functional disorders with menopausal syndrome.

Treatment of disorders during menopause

The approaches adopted in modern gynecology to the problem of treating the pathology of menopause are based on reducing its manifestations and symptoms. Reducing the severity and frequency of “hot flashes” during the pathological course of menopause is achieved by prescribing antidepressants (venlafaxine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, citalpram, sertraline, etc.).

For the purpose of preventing and treating the development of osteoporosis during menopause, they are not used. hormonal drugs-biophosphonates (alendronic and risedronic acids), which reduce bone loss and the risk of fractures. Biosphosphonates effectively replace estrogen therapy in the treatment of osteoporosis in women during menopause.

To reduce the manifestation of urogenital symptoms during the pathological course of menopause, local (vaginal) administration of estrogen in the form of cream or tablets is recommended. The release of small doses of estrogen into the vaginal tissue reduces the sensation of dryness, discomfort during sexual intercourse and urinary disorders.

The most effective method Treatment of menopausal syndrome during menopause is hormonal therapy individually prescribed by a doctor. Taking estrogen drugs effectively eliminates, in particular, “hot flashes” and discomfort in the vagina. For hormone therapy in the treatment of menopause pathology, natural estrogens (estradiol valerate, 17-beta-estradiol, etc.) are used in small doses in intermittent courses. To prevent hyperplastic processes in the endometrium during menopause, a combination of estrogens with gestagens or (less often) with androgens is indicated. Courses of hormone therapy and hormonal prophylaxis are carried out for 5-7 years in order to prevent myocardial infarction and mammography, cytological analysis of smears of discharge from the cervix, biochemical research blood test indicators and coagulation factors (coagulogram).

Hormone therapy regimen

The choice of hormone therapy regimen depends on the stage of menopause. In premenopause, hormone therapy not only replenishes estrogen deficiency, but also has a normalizing effect on the menstrual cycle, and is therefore prescribed in cyclic courses. In postmenopause, when atrophic processes occur in the endometrium, to prevent monthly bleeding, hormone therapy is carried out in a continuous regimen of medications.

If the pathological course of menopause is manifested only by urogenital disorders, estrogens (estriol) are prescribed locally in the form vaginal tablets, candles, cream. However, in this case there remains a risk of developing other menopausal disorders of menopause, including osteoporosis.

A systemic effect in the treatment of the pathological course of menopause is achieved by prescribing combined hormone therapy (for example, tibolone + estradiol + norethisterone acetate). In combination hormone therapy, hormones are combined with symptomatic drugs(hypotensive, cardiac, antidepressants, relaxants Bladder etc.). Combination therapy for the treatment of menopause disorders is prescribed after consultation with specialists.

Solving the problems of the pathological course of menopause is the key to prolonging women's health, beauty, youth, performance and a real improvement in the quality of life of women entering the wonderful “autumn” time of their lives.

15-04-2019

Menopause- physiological transition of the body from puberty to the cessation of the generative (menstrual and hormonal) function of the ovaries, characterized by the reverse development (involution) of the reproductive system, occurring against the background of general age-related changes body.

Menopause occurs in at different ages, it's individual. Some experts call the numbers 48-52, others - 50-53 years. The rate at which the signs and symptoms of menopause develop is largely determined by genetics..

But at the time of onset, duration and features of the course of different phases menopause such factors also influence, for example, how healthy a woman is, what her diet is, lifestyle, climate and much more.

Scientists have found that females who smoke more than 40 cigarettes per day, menopause occurs on average 2 years earlier than in non-smokers.

The onset of menopause begins with a significant decrease in the production of female sex hormones. The fact is that over the years, ovarian function gradually fades away and may even stop altogether. This process can last from eight to ten years, and is called menopause in women.

But we shouldn’t forget what exactly During premenopause, a woman is at risk for developing unwanted pregnancy . Pregnancy during menopause is very common, which is why the number of abortions in this age category is very high.

Main signs of menopause

Changes in the emotional sphere. Often a woman suffers from astheno-neurotic syndrome. She constantly wants to cry, irritability increases, the woman is afraid of everything, she cannot stand sounds and smells. Some women behave defiantly. They begin to paint brightly.

Problems with the autonomic nervous system- feeling of anxiety, lack of air, increased sweating, reddened skin, nausea, and dizziness. The woman weakens. The breathing rate and heart rhythm are disturbed. The patient feels tight in her chest and has a lump in her throat.
Constantly experiencing severe headaches in the form of migraine, mixed tension pain. The man cannot stand the stuffiness wet air, heat.
During menopause, metabolic processes are disrupted calcium, minerals, magnesium, because estrogen levels decrease.
During sleep there is a delay in breathing. The woman snores heavily. It becomes very difficult to fall asleep, thoughts are constantly spinning in your head and your heart rate increases.
Menstrual irregularities. One of the first signs of the onset of menopause is irregular menstrual bleeding. The amount of blood loss and the intervals between menstruation become unpredictable.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding menopause are becoming more common in women. First, delays in menstruation begin, and then sudden bleeding. Uterine bleeding during menopause is accompanied by weakness, irritability and constant headaches. As a rule, along with such bleeding, patients also experience climatic syndrome.
Often, premenopausal women complain of hot flashes. Quite suddenly there comes a feeling of intense heat, skin turn red and sweat appears on the body. This symptom takes you by surprise, often women wake up in the middle of the night from such heat. The cause is a reaction of the pituitary gland and a sharp drop in estrogen levels.
Urination becomes more frequent and urine is not released a large number of urine. Urination is painful, severely burns, cuts in the bladder. Night urination becomes more frequent. A person walks more than once during the night and is worried about incontinence.
Having skin problems, it becomes thin, elastic, a large number of wrinkles and age spots appear on it. The hair on the head is thinning, and much more appears on the face.
Sudden pressure surges, painful sensations in the heart.
Due to estradiol deficiency, osteoporosis develops. During menopause, bone tissue is not renewed. The woman becomes noticeably stooped, decreases in height, and is bothered by frequent bone fractures and constant joint pain. Unpleasant sensations occur in the lumbar region when a person for a long time walks.

Manifestation clinical signs menopause individually. In some cases, it is not difficult to tolerate, in other cases the symptoms are severe and torment the person for about five years. Menopausal symptoms disappear after the body adapts to new physiological conditions.

The postmenopausal period is the final, third stage of menopause. It, in turn, is divided into early and late. After the decline of reproductive function, aging of the body becomes inevitable. It is accompanied by many unpleasant physiological and psychological symptoms, which are more or less familiar to all women. Fortunately, this difficult condition can be alleviated with simple and effective methods.

The postmenopausal period (postmenopause) is recorded 12 months after the last menstruation, and it lasts about a decade. There is no clear time frame, as well as a strict norm for a woman’s age. Individual characteristics and genetics largely determine these indicators.

The main signs of menopause begin to manifest themselves as changes in the body associated with a decrease in the functioning of the ovaries:

with accompanying excessive sweating;
mood swings, unstable emotional condition;
, headaches and others.

The climacteric syndrome of the initial and final stages is different. During postmenopause, hormonal changes end, and the amount of estrogen in the body becomes fixedly small, which affects the functioning of literally all systems. In rare cases, when a woman’s health is poor, they remain during the postmenopausal period.

Women's problems in postmenopause

The postmenopausal period is, first of all, aging. The body at this stage is tired, worn out, the range of its abilities is significantly narrowed, and overall health worsens. By the end of menopause, female hormones such as estradiol, estradiol and estriol become fewer than male hormones.

The skeletal, cardiovascular, nervous and excretory systems function normally when they are in sufficient quantity; therefore, during postmenopause, disruptions are observed in their work.

Typical problems that await a woman during the postmenopausal period:

Risk of osteoporosis. Due to the decrease in estrogen, bone tissue becomes more fragile. This also explains the frequent bone fractures in women over 60.
The condition of hair, nails and teeth worsens.
Problems of cardio-vascular system. Walls blood vessels become thin and inelastic, which affects blood circulation and high blood pressure. A significantly slower metabolism causes an increase in cholesterol levels, which forms blood clots. The latter, in turn, can lead to ischemic diseases, angina pectoris, and cardiac arrhythmia.
Vision decreases, hearing becomes worse.
Thought processes slow down and memory deteriorates.
Unstable emotional state, nervousness, hysterics.
. Itching may be bothersome. Warts appear and hairiness increases on the face and body.
The reduced amount of secretion secreted by the genitals affects their microflora. In conditions of insufficient amount of protective mucus, it is easier to get sexually transmitted infections or inflammatory diseases. Colpitis (vaginitis, inflammation of the vaginal mucosa) and cystitis - frequent companions women at this time.
Presence at the final stage is a very alarming sign. They indicate high level estrogen in the body, which is considered an abnormality at this age. The most common cause of this phenomenon is the development of breast, cervical or ovarian cancer. Any opaque discharge with an odor is also dangerous.
Urinary incontinence, which occurs for two reasons: pelvic organ prolapse and rapid weight gain.

Postmenopausal syndrome develops differently for everyone. It is most pronounced in women who are too thin or too fat, who smoke or abuse alcohol, who have physically or emotionally demanding jobs, and who experience frequent stress.

The most important thing a postmenopausal woman can do for herself is to comprehensively improve her lifestyle. To alleviate your condition you need to:

Follow an age-appropriate diet. This is a kind of healthy balanced nutrition, whose diet must necessarily include foods containing healthy Omega acids: red fish, nuts, healthy vegetable oils, flax seeds, sesame seeds, chia. Also necessary are dairy and fermented milk products, which are indispensable for maintaining the condition of bone tissue. To speed up metabolism, you need to eat fresh fruits and vegetables in season, and to form muscle tissue- lean meats, all types of sea fish, seafood. The diet includes cereals and whole grain flour products in limited quantities.
Use an additional source of essential microelements. Usually this vitamin complexes with calcium and vitamin D. It is recommended to use as prescribed by a doctor after blood tests.
Avoid nervous tension and hard work.
Provide yourself healthy sleep and full positive impressions leisure.
Implement regular physical exercise. Ideal would be long walks, yoga, meditation, breathing exercises, aerobic exercise, if your health allows.
If necessary, use treatment with hormonal drugs. Gynecologists often prescribe them during menopause. These are estrogen substitutes that can be used internally or topically. Oral administration These drugs help normalize hormonal levels. External application is effective in eliminating itching in the genital area.

Presence of postmenopausal characteristics women's problems should not affect your attitude towards life. It continues, and it makes sense to enjoy it by doing things that you didn’t have time for before.

Menopause is the next stage of physiological changes in a woman’s body associated with the decline of reproductive function. The greatest likelihood of its occurrence occurs at the age of 45-52 years. Depending on the characteristics of the body, past diseases, living conditions, menopause may occur earlier or later. The hormonal changes that occur gradually lead to the aging of a woman. If she leads an active lifestyle, pays the necessary attention to her appearance, and takes care of her health, then the aging of the body will slow down.

There are 3 stages of menopause:

Perimenopause is the beginning of hormonal changes, during which estrogen levels begin to decrease and menstruation becomes irregular. The likelihood of conception decreases.
Menopause is the period of 12 months from the start of the last menstruation. If in the previous period a woman may still doubt the cause of the menstrual cycle, then the absence of menstruation for a year is an accurate sign of the onset of menopause.
Postmenopause - the period after the end of menopause, is about 3-5 years. Estrogen levels reach a minimum.

Video: Menopause and its types

Types of menopause and age of their onset

Symptoms of menopause in women depend on age. Treatment is also prescribed in accordance with the age of menopause, which depends on the characteristics of physiology, general condition health, conditions and lifestyle. There are several types of menopause:

premature (after 30 and before 40 years);
early (from 41 to 45 years);
timely, considered the norm (45-55 years);
late (after 55 years).

Premature and late menopause are usually a pathology. After examination and clarification of the causes of deviations from the norm, treatment is prescribed. With the timely onset of menopause, in some cases, only relief of accompanying symptoms is required.

Causes and consequences of premature menopause

The onset of menopause in early age perhaps for several reasons. First of all, this is due to diseases of the ovaries, their removal or treatment with hormonal drugs. Sometimes premature menopause is caused by congenital genetic disorders. In this case, insufficient production of eggs occurs. This pathology is inherited.

One of the reasons is too early puberty girls. The usual age for the onset of first menstruation is 13-14 years. But sometimes menstruation appears as early as 10-11 years old.

Menopause occurs too early in those who have had illnesses thyroid gland, reproductive organs, immune system, liver. Radiation therapy in the treatment of tumors and chemotherapy can provoke the onset of menopause.

The occurrence of early menopause is also facilitated by an unhealthy lifestyle and bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse, drug addiction). The provoking factor is obesity, as well as fad diets and prolonged fasting.

The onset of early menopause is usually associated with hormonal imbalances in the body. A decrease in the level of female sex hormones leads to infertility and early aging. Besides, hormonal disorders increase the risk of tumors of the mammary glands and reproductive organs. The risk of heart attack, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases also increases. An imbalance of hormones leads to diseases of the thyroid gland, and the functioning of the genitourinary system is disrupted. Early menopause causes neurosis and depression.

When you first suspect a decrease in the body’s sexual activity, you should consult a doctor. If there is any doubt about the cause of the menstrual cycle, an FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) test is performed. During menopause, its level increases and remains constantly high. If the disturbances are temporary, then the level of this hormone fluctuates.

Video: Hormone tests to determine the onset of menopause

Causes and complications of late menopause

As a rule, the factor in the onset of late menopause is heredity. If it does not occur before the age of 55, and there are no health problems, then late menopause plays only a positive role. Lasts longer normal composition bone and muscle tissue. Fewer problems with the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and brain.

However, in some cases, late menopause can be caused by a serious gynecological disease or treatment with chemotherapy and radiation. In this case, the woman should be constantly under the supervision of a doctor, since exacerbation or relapse of the diseases that caused the delay in menopause are possible. The irregular occurrence of bleeding of varying intensity sometimes masks the symptoms of diseases, including malignant tumors.

Symptoms of menopause

There are a number of signs by which you can determine that menopause has occurred.

Tides- periodic, sudden attacks, accompanied by a feeling of heat, as well as blood flow to the face. At the same time, the woman sweats a lot. After a few minutes, a state of chills sets in. Such hot flashes can last for years, appearing 20-50 times a day. In this case, the doctor will tell you how to reduce their number and alleviate the symptoms.

Headaches, dizziness, usually appearing in the morning. The woman is forced to give up her usual activities and gets tired quickly. She experiences causeless anxiety and becomes irritable.

Sleep disorders. Hot flashes that occur during the day and at night wake the woman. After this she finds it difficult to sleep. Insomnia does not only occur due to hot flashes. The cause of sleep disturbances may be neuroses arising from deterioration in work nervous system and brain. The inability to get a good night's sleep deprives you of strength and causes even greater anxiety and irritation.

Frequent mood changes. The woman becomes touchy and tearful. The cheerful mood abruptly gives way to irritability and anger.

Lump in the throat. A reaction of the autonomic nervous system that causes a sensation of obstruction in the throat. There is a need to make swallowing movements. The woman does not experience pain or any discomfort. This condition usually goes away on its own. However, if the symptom does not disappear within several months, pain appears, then you need to consult an endocrinologist. Similar sensations occur with diseases of the thyroid gland.

Memory loss. During this period, most women complain of “sclerosis,” absent-mindedness, and inability to concentrate.

Vaginal dryness. The symptom is usually accompanied by itching, is the cause painful sensations during sexual intercourse. It occurs as a result of changes in the structure of the vaginal mucosa under the influence of hormones. At the same time, there is also a decrease in sexual desire.

Disruption of the genitourinary organs. Violation of the composition of the vaginal environment makes the genitourinary system more vulnerable to infection. Diseases of the kidneys, bladder, inflammatory diseases ovaries, uterus. Weakening muscle tone leads to urinary incontinence.

Increased blood pressure, rapid heartbeat. This indicates changes in the structure of blood vessels and in the heart muscle. A woman's risk of heart disease increases significantly.

Joint diseases, brittle bones. This indicates a lack of calcium. With the onset of menopause, a woman’s absorption deteriorates. useful substances. Insufficient calcium intake weakens bones. In addition, nails become brittle, hair loss and deterioration of their structure are observed. Thinning also tooth enamel, caries occurs more often.

Video: Symptoms of menopause, what determines their severity, how to treat them

Diagnosis of menopause. How to relieve symptoms

If signs such as menstrual irregularities, a decrease or increase in the volume of discharge, a sudden change in body weight and other unexpected signs appear, a woman should definitely consult a doctor: a gynecologist, an endocrinologist, or a mammologist. Examination using ultrasound, x-ray, as well as a biochemical blood test for hormones and tumor markers will allow timely detection serious illnesses that need to be treated urgently.

If a woman is healthy and the unpleasant symptoms are associated with menopausal abnormalities, then she will be prescribed therapy to eliminate insomnia, take sedatives and vitamins. Preparations containing calcium and silicon will help prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis. Means are used to enhance blood supply and eliminate high blood pressure.

The most effective method of getting rid of hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause is hormonal therapy. Sometimes it is enough to select suitable hormonal contraceptives with the help of a doctor. Suppositories containing hormonal drugs, special patches, and intrauterine devices are also used. With the help of these drugs, estrogen levels increase, which helps slow down the onset of menopausal changes. Hormone replacement therapy is carried out for at least 1-2 years. To prevent osteoporosis, its use is sometimes required for several years after menopause.

Warning: Any hormonal medications should be taken as prescribed by a doctor. Excess estrogen leads to weight gain, enlarged veins in the legs, breast diseases, uterine fibroids, and others. serious problems with health.

Used to gently reduce menopausal symptoms non-hormonal agents based on plant components, for example, dietary supplement ESTROVEL® capsules - a complex of phytoestrogens, vitamins and microelements, the components of which act on the main manifestations of menopause.

Treatment with folk remedies for menopause

When treating hot flashes, insomnia, headaches and other manifestations of menopause, traditional medicine is successfully used: plant decoctions, herbal soothing baths. The lack of estrogen is compensated with the help of phytoestrogens, which include, for example, sage.

Infusion to eliminate sweating and relieve hot flashes

Mix sage, valerian root and horsetail in a ratio of 3:1:1. Pour 1 tbsp into a glass of boiling water. l. collection This healing infusion is drunk every day in several doses.

Herbal infusion for high blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, sweating

1 tbsp. l. a mixture of hawthorn, motherwort, cucumber, chamomile (4:4:4:1) is infused in 1 glass of boiling water and the medicine is drunk 3-4 spoons several times a day.

With age, the female body undergoes hormonal changes inherent in nature. But many women are frightened by the menopause, because there is an opinion that menopause is always malaise, hot flashes, and loss of emotions from intimate relationships. Is it so? Or is menopause just the next stage in a woman’s life and development? What is a woman’s menopause, when does it occur and how does it manifest itself, what treatment is indicated during menopause, read below.

What is menopause in women

Menopause is a woman's natural state when she reaches a certain age. Each woman has a certain formed reserve of eggs in the ovaries. The ovaries produce female hormones - estrogen and progesterone, which regulate female reproductive function, and as a result, ovulation and menstruation occur cyclically every month. When the supply of eggs is used up, menstruation stops, hormone production decreases significantly, and menopause occurs.

Symptoms

A woman should know information about how the menopause manifests itself, what hot flashes are. It is important to be able to get rid of hot flashes quickly so as not to feel discomfort in public, in the office, etc. As a rule, they manifest themselves in a feeling of unexpected heat, which lasts several minutes and is replaced by a feeling of cold; perspiration appears on the woman’s body - this is a reaction of the nervous system to a decrease in hormone production. Washing your face helps relieve hot flashes cold water, if this does not help, you need to find a medicine with the help of a doctor.

Other possible signs of the onset of menopause:

irregular menstruation;
uterine bleeding;
sudden mood changes;
heart rate increases;
pressure surges;
nausea;
headache;
pain in joints and muscles;
vaginal dryness;
decreased sex drive;
fast fatiguability;
sleep disorder;
neurosis;
Depression may develop.

When it comes

At what age and how does menopause begin? After 40 years, women enter premenopause: rare or frequent menstruation is observed, dysfunctional bleeding is possible, the development of menopausal cardiopathy is possible, and spotting is possible between menstruation. It is important to know why this period is dangerous: changes in the body can be symptoms of gynecological diseases, for example, uterine fibroids. A menopause test can help confirm the onset of perimenopause. Stable basal temperature also indicates the onset of menopause.

Still, there is no definite answer to the question at what age does a woman begin menopause, because the onset of menopause is influenced by genetic factors, working conditions, climate, lifestyle, availability bad habits. But for most women, menopausal changes begin after 45 years, if after 50 years it is late menopause. Today, many specialists in gynecology are inclined to believe that late menopause should be called its onset after 55 years.

A common occurrence these days is early menopause. The causes of early menopause, which can begin at the age of 30, are heredity, immune disorders or the results of medical intervention. Premature menopause in exceptional cases can occur even at 25 years of age as a result of damage to the ovaries after chemotherapy or surgical removal of the ovaries due to medical indicators. But such menopause is pathological and necessarily requires treatment in order to even out hormonal disbalance female body at a young age.

How long does menopause last?

The menopausal period is divided into the phases of premenopause, menopause and postmenopause. How long does hormonal changes in the body last?

Perimenopause lasts 2-10 years, until menstruation stops.
Menopause occurs 1 year after the cessation of menstruation.
The postmenopausal period begins from the onset of menopause and lasts 6-8 years, during which time the symptoms of menopause - for example, hot flashes - may persist, but pass more easily.

Treatment for menopausal syndrome

To alleviate the symptoms of menopause, you need to know what to take when you have a headache, how to relieve hot flashes or other unpleasant symptoms, and stop uterine bleeding. One of the frequently used drugs in the treatment of menopausal syndrome is homeopathic tablets "Remens". A woman, after consulting a doctor, will be able to choose which means are best for her to use.

Homeopathic medicines

Homeopathy for menopause offers remedies in the form of tablets or drops. During menopause, a whole range of health problems appear, based on vegetative-vascular symptoms - hot flashes, excessive sweating, rapid heartbeat, and psycho-emotional - irritability, insomnia, increased fatigue. A complex of problems during menopause can be solved using the natural components in the composition of the drug Klimaktoplan. The action of the drug is aimed at eliminating two main problems: manifestations of autonomic dysfunction and neuro-emotional discomfort. The drug is of European quality, does not contain hormones, is available without a prescription, is well tolerated, and is produced in Germany.

Folk remedies

Traditional medicine recipes are often shared among women based on their experience. To maintain physical tone and Have a good mood good water procedures– soothing herbal baths (cinquefoil root, lovage). To prevent general health, teas and decoctions from medicinal plants are used: chamomile, mint, hogweed, nettle, hawthorn. For optimal well-being during this transition period, you need to plan your daily routine, eat right, and get proper rest.

Hormonal drugs

Hormonal therapy is used only after a medical examination of a woman and as prescribed by a doctor, since it has a number of contraindications. But if complications such as obesity, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases occur during menopause, additional hormone intake is necessary. The doses of hormones contained in the preparations “Klimonorm”, “Femoston”, “Cliogest” replace the missing production of the body’s own hormones.

Herbal medicines

During menopause they use medicines plant-based, for example, “Inoklim”, “Klimadinon”, “Feminal”, and in addition, vitamin-mineral complexes can be used independently or as part of hormonal therapy. The composition includes phytoestrogens - substances similar in structure and functions to female sex hormones, but female body phytohormones have a much less pronounced effect. Vitamins and microelements have a strengthening function and help relieve the negative manifestations of age-related metabolic disorders.

Vitamins

A woman is always pleased to know that she is taken care of. It's even more pleasant to feel it. In the field of caring for women’s well-being, Lady’s Formula Menopause Strengthened Formula has proven itself to be ideal. A well-known complex of traditional vitamins, the most important minerals and extracts of rare medicinal plants effectively helps women cope with the problems that arise during menopause. Thanks to a comprehensive approach to eliminating menopausal symptoms, gentle effects and lack of side effects biocomplex Lady's Formula Menopause Strengthened Formula has become the drug of choice for many women to maintain a high quality of life during this period.

When taking Lady’s Formula Menopause Enhanced Formula, you will no longer be bothered by hot flashes, tachycardia, irritability, insomnia, you will say “no” to excess weight and frequent urge to urinate. In addition, you will enjoy a healthy, fresh complexion and skin elasticity, hair shine and strength.

Lady's Formula Menopause Enhanced Formula will step by step restore high vitality, good health and excellent appearance.

What is perimenopause

The premenopausal period is a transitional period to menopause, during which a woman's level of estrogen produced by the ovaries decreases over several years. Harbingers of perimenopause:

delayed menstruation;
exacerbation premenstrual syndrome, sudden change of mood;
painful sensitivity mammary glands;
itching and dryness of the vagina, discomfort during sexual intercourse;
decreased sex drive;
frequent urination;
urinary incontinence when sneezing or coughing.

Doctors diagnose the premenopausal period based on the symptoms that a woman exhibits and on the basis of a blood test for hormone levels, which must be taken several times due to unstable hormonal levels during this period. Perimenopause is a natural state for women aged 40-50, lasting until menopause, when the ovaries stop producing eggs.

Pregnancy during menopause

Is it possible to get pregnant during menopause? Yes it is possible. A woman's reproductive function during premenopause is significantly reduced, but there is a chance of pregnancy. If such a turn of fate is undesirable, it is necessary to continue using contraceptives for 12 months after the last menstrual period. But sex after menopause can still bring bright colors into a woman's life, and sex life In no case should it end in the postmenopausal period.