Every person can witness an accident in which people were injured. In some cases, the speed of delivery first aid The life of the victim depends, so it is advisable to know how to help the wounded.
When wounded in the stomach, they can almost always be damaged internal organs. This creates an additional danger to life. The victim must be examined carefully. If there is a foreign object in the wound - a knife or something else, you should not remove it. It is quite possible that the knife becomes a kind of tampon; it covers damaged vessels and prevents heavy bleeding. When providing first aid, you should secure the item in the wound so that it does not move during transportation. A sterile bandage is applied to the wound itself.
First, apply a napkin or a bandage folded several times to the wound, then fix it with several turns of the bandage or improvised means. If there are car drivers nearby, you can ask them to provide a first aid kit, which is in every car. A wound to the abdomen is usually accompanied by severe pain and shock. Therefore, if possible, you need to give an injection of an anesthetic. The victim should be placed in the most comfortable position for him. In some cases, loops of intestine fall out of the wound. You cannot try to tuck them back in, as you can get infected with scraps of clothing, soil, or grass.
Upon examination, you can easily notice symptoms of damage to internal hollow organs - the stomach, intestines. At the same time, the stomach is very tense and bloating is felt. If the wound is large, details of the intestine and omentum are visible. But in some cases, the wound is very small if it is inflicted with a narrow stiletto. However, stomach injuries are quite possible. The leaking blood may be mixed with intestinal contents. Bloody vomiting or bloody discharge in the stool is possible. Such wounded people should be taken to the hospital as quickly as possible because the operation must be done as quickly as possible. They are not even advised to wash them, since every minute counts.
Doctors say that if more than a day passes from the moment of injury to the operation, the result can be disastrous. It happens that when falling from a height, injuries are observed in the abdomen; in such cases, assistance is provided by people nearby or a medical worker from a paramedic station. Before doctors arrive, apply a bandage without attempting to clean the wound. It is advisable to give an anesthetic. Do not give the patient anything to drink, as this may worsen his condition. It is imperative to call an ambulance to deliver the patient to the operating table and transfer him to the hands of surgeons who will perform an emergency operation.
With strong blows to the abdominal area, open wounds may not be observed, but the victim may complain of severe pain and clouded consciousness. Possible low blood pressure, pallor, weakness. Such signs indicate possible damage to internal organs. If the victim is vomiting blood, the walls of the stomach may have ruptured. Solid painful stomach may be a symptom of liver injury. Frequent urge to urinate - a problem with bladder. But doctors know all these signs, and ordinary people those near the wounded can alleviate his condition if they apply cold to the stomach and call an ambulance.
With a penetrating wound to the abdomen, it is necessary to take into account that the wounded person feels dry in the mouth, he is thirsty, but he should not be given anything to drink. As a last resort, the visiting doctors will inject a saline solution under his skin. The same restriction also applies in the case when there is no damage to the skin, that is, no open wound. However, if a person receives swipe in the stomach, there is still a risk of damage to internal organs and the development of peritonitis. In any case, abdominal wounds are very dangerous and the life of the victim often depends on how quickly he is taken to the hospital.
When accidents or disasters occur, actions for penetrating abdominal wounds must be performed quickly and accurately. The life of the wounded man depends on it. It is placed so that it is comfortable, the skin around the wound is lubricated with iodine or brilliant green. Do not sprinkle with any powders, wash the wound, or pour liquids on it. It should be covered with a sterile napkin; if there is none, then a piece of bandage is heated over an open fire. The bandage should not put too much pressure on the abdomen. Gunshot wounds, which sometimes occur during hunting, are characterized by a large wound surface and can be complicated by burns and severe blood loss.
First aid is provided in the same way as for other penetrating abdominal wounds. If the wounds are large, intestinal prolapse may occur. As already mentioned, it is strictly forbidden to tuck it into the abdominal cavity. Sometimes such a disaster happens in the forest, far from civilized places. In such a situation, it is necessary to make a stretcher from available materials and, as quickly as possible, deliver the wounded person to a place where he can be picked up ambulance. In the hospital, such victims undergo surgery, and if he was brought in on time, then, with a high probability, he will remain alive. Postoperative care carried out by medical personnel on the recommendations of the attending physician.
First aid for injuries depends on the type of wound and the extent of the damage. The one who provides assistance is obliged to act clearly, without panic, with a sufficient degree of self-control. It is necessary to take into account that your actions may cause a painful shock in the victim, and he will briefly lose consciousness. In this case, you cannot be distracted; complete the activities you have begun, and only then begin to bring the person to his senses.
What types of wounds are there: classification
The first thing you need to know is what types of wounds there are in terms of severity.
Injuries are divided into:
- superficial - only the skin or mucous membrane is damaged;
- deep - the skin, the underlying soft tissue along with the vessels and nerves passing through them, tendons and bones are damaged;
- penetrating - a type of deep wounds that also damage internal organs.
When providing first aid, the classification of wounds is taken into account depending on the object with which it was inflicted.
There are wounds:
Stabbed- applied with a knife, awl, bayonet, needle, etc. They are very dangerous, since bleeding with them is not always external; blood can also flow into the body cavity, which is much more difficult for the body. In addition, long sharp objects often damage internal organs, which may go unnoticed during the first examination.
Cut- applied with a knife, razor, scalpel, glass, etc. Their edges are smooth, which makes it easier to assist the victim.
Chopped- applied with an axe, saber and other heavy sharp objects. Their peculiarity is frequent damage to bones and ligaments.
Bruised- applied with a heavy blunt object. These wounds usually fester, since microorganisms that have entered them from the external environment and from the wounding object quickly multiply in the crushed tissues.
Firearms:
- end-to-end - the bullet passes right through, leaving behind a clean and smooth wound channel;
- blind - the bullet remains in the body. If it is not quickly removed and measures are not taken to prevent the proliferation of microbes, the wounds fester and are difficult to treat;
- tangents - the bullet causes only superficial damage.
Almost any wound is accompanied by bleeding, how profuse it is depends on the object with which the wound was inflicted, its depth, the nature of the damaged vessel, the level blood pressure the victim. The most bleeding are cut and chopped wounds; with bruised wounds, bleeding is very scanty, since damaged vessels quickly thrombose. The exception is wounds to the face and head - they are always accompanied by severe bleeding due to the fact that a huge number of vessels of different sizes pass through these areas.
First aid for wounds: treatment and dressing
The principles of first aid for wounds of all types are similar. Regardless of the type of wound, first aid begins with stopping the bleeding and subsequent treatment of the injury site.
To stop bleeding, not only a medical tourniquet is used, but also a waist belt, tie, headscarf, scarf, ribbon for bows, handbag strap, and electric razor cord. You can also use for these purposes the cuff of outerwear, the fabric seam of skirts and trousers, rolled tape, rope, wire, wire, cable - in general, everything that is at hand. You can apply a pressure bandage to the bleeding area or press the vessel with your finger.
The next, no less important step is to prevent wound infection. Before applying a bandage, it is necessary to treat the wound in order to clean it from possible contamination. It is strictly forbidden to wash wounds with water! Water, of course, washes away particles of soil, debris, scraps of clothing, etc., but along with it, microbes enter the affected area and begin to multiply quickly. The wounds are washed with a solution of hydrogen peroxide or furatsilin. When providing first aid when treating a wound, if there are particles of dirt left in the depths of the wound, they are not removed.
The edges of the wounds are treated with any antiseptic (tincture of iodine, alcohol, if they are not available, you can use perfume, cologne, strong alcoholic drinks, etc.), trying to prevent it from getting into the wound itself. This is not only painful, but also brings the opposite of the desired effect: damaged cells die from the effects of the antiseptic and create a favorable environment for the development of bacteria, which leads to suppuration.
A sterile bandage is applied to the washed wound. If it is impossible to find a sterile dressing material at the moment, use any material that helps at least close the wound and stop the bleeding: underwear, shirts, towels, sheets, handkerchiefs, even sanitary pads and diapers. In the process of treating a wound chest, abdominal cavity and head, it is very important to prevent fibrous material from entering directly into the wound. This is why it is not advisable to use cotton wool. Do not sprinkle the wound with powders (even antibiotics) or lubricate it with ointment.
The situation becomes more complicated when internal organs, brain matter (in case of head injuries), tendons fall into the wound, or damaged bones are visible. Here you need to firmly remember that you cannot move them into the wound cavity yourself, and it is also not recommended to wash the wound. It is enough to apply a sterile bandage over them and take the victim to the hospital as quickly as possible.
How to provide first aid for head and chest injuries
Rendering first medical care For head injuries, keep in mind that such wounds always bleed heavily. Therefore, the victim needs to apply a pressure bandage to his head as quickly as possible. It presses damaged vessels to the bones of the skull, which helps to thrombose them and stop bleeding. When sufficiently large facial vessels are damaged, bleeding can be stopped by squeezing the corresponding artery. When providing first aid for a head wound, if blood is bleeding from the upper half of the face, you can press the temporal artery, which passes in front of the auricle. If blood is bleeding from the lower part of the face, you need to press the mandibular artery, located 2 cm above the angle of the lower jaw.
Almost all head injuries are accompanied by a concussion. Therefore, after applying the bandage, ice is applied to the victim’s head. The patient must lie down even during transport to the hospital.
Before providing first aid for a chest injury, keep in mind that such wounds are dangerous due to possible damage to vital life. important organs: heart, lungs, large vessels. The lungs are most often affected. When they are wounded, air enters the shell of the organ, the lung collapses and ceases to perform its function, which leads to shock and (with extensive damage) to death. The only way to save the life of the victim is to hermetically bandage the wound. The most convenient thing is to use a regular adhesive plaster, applying it in several layers on top of each other (like scales). If there is no patch, you can make a dressing with a rubberized wrapper of an individual dressing package, or with a piece of oilcloth, or a plastic bag. The main thing when providing first aid for a chest injury is that the bandage fits tightly to the body, without letting air in. The patient is transported to the hospital in a semi-sitting position.
First aid for penetrating abdominal wounds and what is prohibited
Injuries to the abdominal cavity are almost always accompanied by damage digestive tract with profuse bleeding. In this case, the contents of the intestine (semi-digested food, feces) enter the wound, causing its rapid suppuration - peritonitis. In addition, the victim experiences severe pain, leading to...
What is strictly prohibited in case of a penetrating injury to the abdominal cavity, so as not to harm the victim? Under no circumstances should the patient be given anything to drink, not to mention food and medicine (they are injected into a vein or muscle) - this accelerates the development of peritonitis and other complications. If the internal organs are not visible in the wound, it is not washed, the edges are treated with an antiseptic and a tight bandage is applied. If intestinal loops, liver, stomach prolapse into the wound, the wound is not washed, its edges are not treated, but only a bandage is applied: the internal organ is covered with sterile gauze folded in two layers, covered with several layers of cotton wool (or a thick soft towel), then a bandage bandaged or secured with a sheet.
Having provided first aid for an abdominal injury, the patient is urgently taken to the hospital in a supine position with a cushion placed under his back and his legs bent at the knees.
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Wound in the stomach is always considered dangerous, since the injury could damage internal vital organs. Therefore, if a wound to the stomach is detected first aid a person is treated in the same way, regardless of how the wound was received (stabbed, shot, etc.). The algorithm for providing assistance is slightly different only in cases of presence or absence in the wound. foreign body. Let's consider both first aid algorithms separately.Important! Regardless of the presence or absence of a foreign object in the wound, it should be remembered that a person wounded in the stomach should not be given food or drink, even if he asks. You can only wet your lips with water and give a sip to rinse your mouth. Also, if you are wounded in the stomach, you should not give the victim any medications by mouth, as this may worsen the situation. Finally, if you are wounded in the abdomen, painkillers should not be administered. Assistance is provided in the same way whether the person is conscious or unconscious.
First aid algorithm for the presence of a foreign body in a wound on the abdomen
1.
2.
3.
4. If there is a bullet or any other foreign object(for example, a knife, axe, pitchfork, arrow, nail, fittings, etc.), then you cannot remove it, touch it, try to loosen it, or perform other actions with it! Do not remove anything from the abdominal wound under any circumstances, as this may increase the extent of the damage and result in the death of the victim. If possible, you should simply cut off the object protruding from the wound so that only 10–15 cm remains above the skin. If it is not possible to cut off the object in the wound, then it should be left in the form in which it was found;
5. Any object in the wound that is sticking out should be immobilized using any long dressing material(bandages or pieces of fabric) – no shorter than 2 meters. If there is no such long dressing material, then several short ones should be tied into one. To immobilize an object in a wound, place a strip of dressing material over it exactly in the middle so that two long free ends are formed. Wrap these ends of the dressing tightly around the object and tie them together. An object wrapped in this way with several layers of dressing material will be well fixed;
6. After fixing the foreign object, the person is brought into a semi-sitting position with his knees bent, wrapped in blankets and transported in this position or waiting for the ambulance to arrive;
7. If there is a bullet, shell fragment or other small foreign objects in the wound, then there is no need to try to remove them. Such a wound in the abdomen requires assistance as a simple open one, without paying attention to the existing foreign bodies.
First aid algorithm for prolapsed internal organs from a wound on the abdomen
1. If a wound to the abdomen is discovered, you should assess how quickly an ambulance can arrive. If the ambulance can arrive within half an hour, then you should first call it and then begin providing first aid to the victim. If the ambulance cannot arrive within 30 minutes, then you should immediately begin to provide assistance to the victim, and then transport the person to the nearest hospital on your own (by your car, by passing transport, etc.);2. Firstly, if a person is unconscious, his head should be tilted back and turned to the side, since it is in this position that air can freely pass into the lungs, and vomit will be removed out without threatening to clog the airways;
3. If any organs have fallen out of a wound on your stomach, you should not try to put them back in! Under no circumstances should prolapsed internal organs be inserted back into the abdominal cavity;
4. The prolapsed organs just need to be carefully moved as close to each other as possible so that they occupy a minimum area. Then all the prolapsed organs are carefully collected in a clean bag or cloth. The ends of the bag or rag are glued to skin tape or adhesive tape so that the prolapsed organs collected in them are isolated from environment. If it is impossible to use a similar method of isolating prolapsed internal organs from the environment, then this is done differently. Several rolls of bandages or rolled up pieces of fabric are placed around the prolapsed organs. Then the organs are covered over the rollers with a clean piece of cloth or sterile gauze, after which the entire resulting structure is wrapped with a loose bandage (see Figure 1). It is important to remember that when applying bandages, internal organs should not be squeezed or compressed;
Figure 1 – Method for isolating prolapsed internal organs from the environment
5. After applying a bandage or fixing prolapsed organs, it is necessary to give the person a sitting position with bent legs, put cold on the wound and wrap the victim in blankets or clothes. Transport in a sitting position;
6. You should constantly moisten the prolapsed internal organs with water to keep them moist. If the organs are in the bag, add water with a syringe by piercing a small hole. If the organs are in a cloth or under an insulating bandage, then it should be regularly watered with water so that it is constantly moist. Moisturizing prolapsed internal organs is necessary to preserve them. If the organs dry out, they will simply undergo necrosis, which means doctors will have to remove them, since they will be effectively dead.
Algorithm for first aid for abdominal wounds without prolapsed internal organs
1. If a wound to the abdomen is discovered, you should assess how quickly an ambulance can arrive. If the ambulance can arrive within half an hour, then you should first call it and then begin providing first aid to the victim. If the ambulance cannot arrive within 30 minutes, then you should immediately begin to provide assistance to the victim, and then transport the person to the nearest hospital on your own (by your car, by passing transport, etc.);2. Firstly, if a person is unconscious, his head should be tilted back and turned to the side, since it is in this position that air can freely pass into the lungs, and vomit will be removed out without threatening to block the airways;
3. You should not try to carefully feel a wound on the abdomen or check its depth with your finger;
4. If there is a bullet, shell fragment or other small foreign objects in the wound, then there is no need to try to remove them. First aid in such a situation is provided without paying attention to the foreign object in the tissues;
5. If you can see on a person's stomach gunshot wound, then you should inspect it for the presence of an outlet. If there is an exit hole, it is also treated and a bandage is applied. If there are several wounds on the abdomen, then all are treated;
6.
First of all, the wound should be cleaned of blood and dirt. To do this, you need to take several pieces of clean cloth, gauze, cotton wool or bandage. The fabric is moistened abundantly with water or any available antiseptic solution, for example, alcohol, Furacilin, Chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, vodka, cognac, wine, champagne, etc. Then, using a wet piece of cloth, carefully remove blood and dirt, moving from the edge of the wound to the side. They go around the entire perimeter of the wound in a circle, removing contamination. If one circle was not enough to remove dirt, then throw away the used cloth, take another piece, and re-moisten it in antiseptic solution or water and repeat the procedure. The fabric should be moistened generously;
7.
After removing blood and dirt, if possible, you should smear the skin around the wound with iodine or brilliant green;
Important! Nothing should be poured into the wound - no antiseptics, no iodine, no brilliant green, no water, etc. All wound treatment comes down to removing dirt and blood from the outside, from the skin adjacent to the wound opening.
8. If there is nothing to treat the wound with, then they do not do this, but apply a bandage directly to the dirty and bloody skin;
9. After treating the wound, apply a bandage to it. It is optimal to use sterile bandages for this, but if there are none, then you can simply take clean pieces of fabric, for example, tearing them off unstained clothing. First, the wound is covered with a small piece of cloth or gauze folded in 8 to 10 layers. This cloth or gauze is then tightly wrapped around the victim’s body. If there is nothing to tape gauze or fabric to the body, then you can simply stick it to the skin with tape, adhesive tape or glue;
10. If possible, apply cold to the bandage in the form of ice in a bag or water in a heating pad. You should not apply ice to the wound without a bag, because as it melts, pathogenic microbes will be released that can quickly penetrate the wound. After applying the bandage, the victim should be placed in a sitting position with his knees bent and covered with blankets or clothes. The victim should be transported in a sitting position.
Important! Until a person with a penetrating wound to the abdominal cavity is taken to the hospital, it is strictly forbidden to give him food, water or painkillers.
Open abdominal injuries are the result of stab, shrapnel or gunshot wounds.
Signs
The following signs are characteristic of open abdominal injuries: sharp pain in the wound area, bleeding (Fig. 2), emotional agitation, rapidly increasing weakness, pallor of the skin, dizziness; with extensive, for example shrapnel, wounds, eventration may be observed, i.e. prolapse of abdominal organs (parts of the stomach, intestinal loops) through the wounded hole in the abdominal wall.
First aid for open abdominal injuries
First aid for open abdominal injuries is as follows: stop bleeding using tamponade (tamponade), treat the wound according to general principles, perform pain relief only by injection; during eventration, do not touch or reset the prolapsed organs! They must be covered with a sterile napkin, gauze or any other clean cotton material, or a ring must be formed from rollers around the prolapsed organs so that it is higher than them; after which you can carefully bandage it (Fig. 3).
In all cases of open abdominal injury, urgent hospitalization of the victim in a medical facility is necessary in a supine position.
First aid for abdominal wounds is provided according to the following algorithm.
Bandages on the stomach and pelvis. A spiral bandage is usually applied to the abdominal area, but for the purpose of strengthening it is often necessary to combine it with a pelvic spica bandage. The one-sided spica bandage is very comfortable. Depending on the purpose, it can cover the lower abdomen, upper third thighs and buttocks. Depending on the place where the intersection of the bandage is made, there are posterior, lateral and anterior (groin) spica bandages. A strengthening bandage is applied in circular rounds around the waist, then the bandage is passed from back to front along the side, then along the front and inner surface of the thigh. The bandage goes around the back semicircle of the thigh, comes out from its outer side and passes obliquely through the groin area to the back semicircle of the torso. The moves of the bandages are repeated. The bandage can be ascending, if each subsequent move is higher than the previous one, or descending, if they are applied lower (Fig. 76).
Double-sided spica bandage used to cover the upper thirds of both thighs and buttocks. Like the previous one, it begins in a circular motion around the waist, but the bandage is carried along the front surface of the other groin, then along the outer surface of the thigh, covers its posterior semicircle, is brought to the inner surface and is passed along the groin area to the posterior semicircle of the torso. From here the bandage moves in the same way as with a one-sided spica bandage. The bandage is applied to both limbs alternately until the damaged part of the body is covered. The bandage is secured in a circular motion around the body (Fig. 77).
Crotch bandage. Apply a figure-of-eight bandage with the intersection of the bandage moves on the perineum (Fig. 78).
TEST CONTROL QUESTIONS FOR LESSON No. 6. Discipline “First aid in emergencies.”
1. Upper limit abdomen passes:
2. along the Lesgaft line;
2. The outer border of the abdomen passes:
1. from the xiphoid process along the costal arches;
2. along the Lesgaft line;
3. along the iliac crests, inguinal folds, and the upper edge of the symphysis.
3. The lower border of the abdomen passes:
1. from the xiphoid process along the costal arches;
2. along the Lesgaft line;
3. along the iliac crests, inguinal folds, and the upper edge of the symphysis.
4. The cardial opening of the stomach is located:
5. The fundus of the stomach is located:
1. to the left of the XI thoracic vertebra;
2. at the level of the X thoracic vertebra;
3. at level XII thoracic vertebra and the xiphoid process.
6. The lesser curvature of the stomach is located:
1. to the left of the XI thoracic vertebra;
2. at the level of the X thoracic vertebra;
3. at the level of the XII thoracic vertebra and the xiphoid process.
7. The liver is located at the level:
1. X-XI thoracic vertebrae;
2. VIII - IX thoracic vertebrae;
3. VIII - VII thoracic vertebrae.
8. The spleen is located:
1. in the right hypochondrium at the level of the IX-XI ribs along the midaxillary line;
2. in the left hypochondrium at the level of the IX-XI ribs along the midaxillary line;
3. in the left hypochondrium at the level of VIII - IX ribs along the mid-axillary line.
9. Spleen:
1. paired parenchymal organ;
2. unpaired parenchymal organ;
3. paired cavity organ.
10. The approximate size of the spleen is:
1. 8x5x1.5 cm;
11. The spleen has a mass:
1. about 80 g;
2. about 100 g;
3. about 150 g.
12. The total length of the jejunum and ileum is about:
13. The average length of the colon is:
14. Kidney:
1. paired organ;
2. not a paired organ.
15. A kidney measures about:
16. A kidney has a mass of approximately:
17. Kidneys are located:
1. in the hypochondrium;
2. in the scapular region;
3. in the lumbar region.
18. The kidneys are located on the sides of the spine at the level of:
1. from the XI thoracic to the I lumbar vertebra;
2. from the XII thoracic to the II lumbar vertebra;
3.from the X thoracic to the XII thoracic vertebra.
19. After you have determined at the scene of the incident what exactly happened, you must:
1. make sure that you are not in danger;
2. determine the presence of a pulse in the victim;
3. find out the number of victims.
20. During the initial examination of the victim, in the third place the following is performed:
3. breath test.
21. The pulse of an unconscious victim is checked for:
1. radial artery;
2. brachial artery;
3. carotid artery.
22. In the abbreviation of international rescue practice ABC, the letter B stands for:
23. During the initial examination of the victim, first perform:
1. checking the victim’s reaction;
2. gently tilt the victim’s head back;
3. breath test.
24. The presence of consciousness in a person is usually determined by:
1. pulse;
2. his reaction to the word;
3. breathing.
25. The breathing of an unconscious victim is checked during:
1. 5 – 7 seconds;
2. 60 seconds;
3. 1-2 minutes.
26. Resuscitation measures will be more effective if they are carried out:
1. on a hospital bed;
2. on the sofa;
3. on the floor.
27. In the abbreviation of international rescue practice ABC, the letter C stands for:
1. artificial pulmonary ventilation (ALV);
2. control and restoration of airway patency;
3. external (indirect) cardiac massage (CMC).
28. Closed liver damage is characterized by:
1. pain in the right side;
2. pain in the left side;
29. Closed damage to the spleen is characterized by:
1. pain in the right side;
2. pain in the left side;
3. pain in the right inframammary region.
30. If the hollow organs of the abdomen are damaged, the following signs are present:
1. sharp pains behind the sternum, rare pulse;
2. sharp pains spreading throughout the abdomen, “board-shaped stomach”, rapid pulse, shortness of breath;
3. sharp pain in the right inframammary region, hemoptysis.
Every person should be prepared for any emergency situation. The rules of first aid are studied in life safety lessons at school. It is important not to get confused and try to remember everything you know and can do.
If we are talking about wounds to the limbs, then the first step is to stop the bleeding and immobilize the limb. The situation is more complicated with injuries to the abdomen, chest or pelvis. What first aid should be for a stomach injury is described below.
There are the following abdominal wounds: non-penetrating and penetrating. Open wounds are deep wounds that penetrate deep into the abdominal cavity and lead to trauma to internal organs, in most cases the intestines.
Penetrating wounds are scary because they can cause the following damage: kidneys, liver, intestines, stomach. There is a high probability heavy bleeding both external and internal, and there is also the possibility that the contents of the intestines will enter the abdominal cavity. This will be the reason purulent inflammation(peritonitis). The first step is to stop the bleeding using a pressure bandage. The wound around should be treated with iodine or brilliant green to prevent infection. Then an aseptic napkin and a pressure bandage are applied to the wound. It also happens that internal organs and intestines fall out of the wound. This fact immediately causes shock in the wounded man. In this case, you also need to put an aseptic napkin on them and moisten it from time to time so that the organs do not dry out. They cannot be pushed back into the abdominal cavity. Carry out all manipulations confidently, without fear of harming the victim.
If a wound occurs in the abdomen, assistance should be provided immediately. Foreign objects penetrating the abdominal cavity must not be removed. You need to twist a sausage out of a bandage or cotton wool, and then build a kind of donut and use it to fix objects so that they do not move.
Under no circumstances should the victim be allowed to drink, eat or take medications by mouth. You can only wet your lips with water. Transportation to the hospital is carried out in a semi-sitting position, legs bent at the knees. It is necessary to protect the victim from hypothermia and wrap him in a warm blanket.
A wound to the abdomen certainly causes severe pain to the victim. To alleviate his suffering at least a little, you should lay him down correctly. You need to lie on your back, bend your knees. This pose will allow the muscles abdominal wall relax. Place cold on top of the pressure bandage. It will help stop internal bleeding and reduce pain.
Non-penetrating injuries occur when the stomach hits a hard object, is hit with a fist, or is kicked in the stomach. In such cases, you need to be afraid of internal bleeding, which appears as a result of rupture of blood vessels in the abdominal cavity, rupture of the spleen, liver, and kidneys. If the intestines rupture, this is fraught with inflammation of the peritoneum. Signs of such a wound to the abdomen are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, and the abdomen becomes hard as a rock. The patient should be transported immediately to the hospital in order to receive medical care as quickly as possible. You cannot give water or food to the victim, you can only apply cold to the abdomen, lay the patient on his stomach, bend his knees and try to bring the victim out of the state of shock.
When a serious injury occurs, very often the victim faints (loses consciousness for a short time from pain, fear or excitement) or remains in a in a state of shock. Shock is a rather serious condition that disrupts the proper functioning of the human body and can even lead to fatal outcome. May develop due to loss large quantity blood, severe pain. A patient in this condition becomes covered in sticky cold sweat, is in a state of anxiety, and speech may be slurred.
