Politics - an interesting thing, which one way or another affects the life of each of us. But today is not about it. Today we will see how policies affected the borders of various states. And if you expect to see the borders here with traditional PPCs, then get ready to be surprised. These photos demonstrate how incredible and even absurdity can be the policy of states regarding their borders. As well as how neighboring states solve the same questions.
1. Norway and Sweden.
2. Netherlands and Belgium.
4. And she divides the city practically in half.
5. Former East and West Berlin. When the city was still divided into East Berlin, sodium light bulbs were used to illuminate streets, while in West Berlin were used mainly halogen. This difference is still visible.
6. South and North Korea. At night, North Korea is black black.
7. USA (right) and Russia (left). Diomide Islands are located on both sides of the border between Russia and the United States. Despite the fact that the Russian island is just 3.8 km from the American, he is ahead of it for 21 hours.
8. United States (left) and Mexico (right).
11. USA and Canada.
12. With a length of 8851 km, this line denotes the border between the United States and Canada. She passes through the small town of Derby Line, cutting in half even the buildings.
13. Spain and Portugal. Portugal is famous for its bad roads.
14. India and Pakistan.
15. The bright orange light floods the boundary zone between these two countries.
18. Haiti practically does not follow the cutting of forests, so that its side of the border is naked compared with the guarded tropical forests of the Dominican Republic.
19. Poland and Ukraine. These two fish created by the designer Yaroslav Kozary symbolize unity and trade between these countries.
21. China and Macau. In China, right-hand traffic, and in Macau, because It was once a British colony, - left-hand. This led to the creation of a rather "winding" border, which should be approached by both types of traffic.
24. Germany and Poland. The bridge on the River Odra from Poland to Germany was blown up by the Red Army in 1945.
27. Netherlands and Belgium. The Belgian Road System is one of the most used in the world, because In Belgian roads often drive cars to other European countries. As a result, some Belgian roads practically erased.
Open the borders of the state for everyone - one of the most radical and unpopular ideas is almost anywhere in the world. However, recently, economists and scientists called Open Borders appeared in the United States. Representatives of the movement believe that it is not only immoral to people to move to another country, but also extremely unprofitable: the destruction of borders will significantly improve the economic situation on the entire planet. Members of Open Borders consistently protect their point of view in scientific publications, interviews and their blog. Apparat asked one of them, writer and professor of California University of Fresno Pacific Nathan Smith explain why open borders are good.
1. The opening of the borders will increase the well-being of humanity
Open borders can enhance world GDP twice. First, economists have been trying to explain the economists for many years why some countries are rich, and others are not. Partly it depends on how much social and state institutions are well developed in a particular country. Therefore, when people will move to places with a more developed system of institutions, their productivity will increase. After all, it is much easier to launch a business in the USA than in Afghanistan.
Secondly, open boundaries will increase the effectiveness of many industries. American professors most often show their lawns themselves, and this can serve as a symbol of small productivity. Very few can study physics or philosophy, lawns are capable of cut almost everyone. It would be more effective if professors hired workers for a lawn haircut and focused on physics or philosophy. Billions of people around the world would be happy to do it in a few dollars per hour, but they prevent them from immigration restrictions.
Few can study physics or philosophy, lawns are capable of cutting almost every
Thirdly, the change in immigration legislation will also provide an opportunity to move production in unsuitable places. Over the past thirty years, a million factories suffered from the United States, although they would be better to work in America, where a more developed legal system, and sales markets are closer. Open boundaries would allow the workers to come at work, and not vice versa, and of course, it would be more efficient.
US border patrol officer protects the border with Mexico in Texas
2. Unqualified immigrants are important as immigrants with higher education
Founder Facebook Mark Zuckerberg believes that it is necessary to open the borders of the United States for all the "most intelligent and talented", because people with education stimulate innovation and have a positive effect on the economy. This is a strange, although widespread misconception that only highly qualified specialists can make a useful contribution. Simple workers can also benefit the economy.
I live in the California Valley, one of the most fertile areas of the United States. Most of the work here is performed by Mexicans who collect fruits. Many of them are poorly educated and do not speak English. Native Americans benefit from this: if no one removed the harvest, the earth would not cost anything. Of course, farmers can hire indigenous Americans, but then fruits will rise in price, many farms will go bankrupt, and Mexicans will lose jobs that are more important for them, which they can get at home.
3. Open borders will not lead to the disappearance of interethnic differences
Speaking about the impact of new immigration laws on the culture of different nations, it is necessary to remember one thing. We must take care of the well-being of people, not cultures and countries. Wrongly lock people in the state if people want to emigrate and adapt to other realities.
Open borders do not impoverish cultural diversity in the world. As an example, Ireland can be brought. She was the birthplace of many generations of emigrants, but today it lives several times the most descendants of the Irish residents than inside the country itself. It did not kill the culture, but on the contrary, helped her spread: St. Patrick's Day is widely celebrated in America, in the whole world they love Irish music. Emigrants will value with their culture, bring it with them and teach foreigners, among which they live, love it is also strong.
Border between the United States and Mexico in Arizona
4. Open borders will help defeat inequality worldwide
Today, open boundaries are one of the most unpopular ideas of Western democracy. But this does not mean that this is a bad idea. There was a time when slavery considered to be granted, but now it is destroyed, and everyone is confident that it was the right step.
Europeans today give the great moral importance of the egalitarian state model, in which universal education, high taxes and large salaries make the population homogeneous. Therefore, they do not want to see on the streets of poor immigrants. How can economic equality in the country be considered a moral triumph, if the scale of international inequality is still so great?
Anyone who speaks for open borders believe that helping needy is the natural moral duty of every person. If you think about the economic, political and other possibilities that open in front of immigrants, small inconvenience of local people seem insignificant.
5. Mass emigration will benefit poor countries
Poor countries are in many ways winning emigration. Emigrants send home money, some are returned with useful skills and contacts abroad. They can influence their relatives well, inspire them to become politically active or gaining education. Emigration can make labor deficient and raise the level of wages.
I do not think that open borders will lead to a complete depopulation of at least one country. Although it is possible that 80 or 90% will leave the poorest places on the planet. If there is a country from which absolutely everything will be left, it will be bad for it, but it will be good for people - they will gain the best life somewhere else.
6. The life of the indigenous population will not worsen
It is unlikely that the opening of the borders will provoke mass unemployment among the local, although such a step will definitely lead to a drop in wages. But the emergence of women in the American labor market in the 1960s was also accompanied by a significant drop in men's rates. But then the equilibrium again came to normal. It will also happen to migrants, because the labor market is quite flexible. You can also impose the work of migrants with additional tax. Revenues will go to the payment of compensation to local residents who will damage immigration.
For Europeans, moral relativism and immigrants use it
The danger of immigrants is greatly exaggerated - this applies, for example, to Europeans who are so afraid of Muslims. True, the inhabitants of Western European countries still had to be toddling in their views. The cultural habits of Europeans have developed under the influence of Christian and capitalist values, but now almost no one believes in any or another. For Europeans, moral relativism is characterized - they cannot defend their position, and immigrants use it.
Problems of crime, violence and interethnic retail, which may arise in the conditions of open borders, too, in my opinion, are greatly exaggerated. In the US, the level of crimes over the past twenty years has fallen a lot, although the number of immigrants has grown.
7. Open borders and open citizenship are different things.
American democracy has many flaws, but it copes well with the management of the state. It is thanks to her over the past two centuries, the US residents have managed to achieve freedom of speech and religion, guarantee public order, and, to some extent, economic independence. But if several billion people will move in the USA from around the world and will have the opportunity to vote, the country is transformed to be unrecognizable. Therefore it is important to distinguish open borders from open citizenship.
The right to vote for all visits is too big risk. Rather, open boundaries should look like this: hundreds of millions of people live, for example, in the United States in US laws, their human and property rights are respected and they can work. You can get citizenship and the right to participate in elections, but this is a very slow process.
The editors may not agree with the opinion of the author.
Photo: John Moore, AP Photo / Dario Lopez-Mills.
In school, we are taught that the entire territory of the Earth is divided into separate states.
Somewhere this division is a clear - spiny fence, a neutral strip, border guards dogs, and somewhere the border is just a white strip on the road or river bed, and standing on some can literally see tomorrow.
Now I will show you the most interesting and unusual examples of border division between countries.
Netherlands and Belgium
The Dutch town of Barle-Nassau is located in the Belgian Barley Hertogue. It is so tight that the state border between the Netherlands and Belgium is not just right along the streets of the city, but through individual houses and restaurants. This is due to the fact that the law acted in the Netherlands, according to which the restaurants should have been closed early, so the resourceful owners of the Peteling establishments came up with to build them right on the border and after the hour of "x" simply transplanted clients to the Belgian side. In general, in Europe there are many similar close settlements, some are actually one settlement - like, for example, the Latvian town of Valka and Estonian Valga.
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Spain and Morocco
The majority believes that Spain is a solid state, however, he has several enclaves (settlements surrounded by the territory of another state), they are located in Africa. One of them is Ceuta, separated from the Morocco tightly adjacent to him with a huge double-three-meter wall with barbed wire, motion and noise sensors, as well as a passage for border guards. Not that Spain was afraid of the attacks of Morocco, she was simply tired of the influx of illegal migrants and smugglers from Africa. The wall, by the way, was built on the EU money relatively recently - in 2001.
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Egypt and Sudan
Bir-Tavil is probably the only territory in the world that does not belong to anyone and, moreover, no one claims for it. No one in this case is Egypt and Sudan, between the borders of which this "piece of the earth" is 2060 square meters. km. As a result of legal and diplomatic conflicts, which happened in the 20th century, both countries hurried to refuse responsibility for this territory, so it stands to this day, draw.
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Nepal and China
Everest, he is Jomolungma, he is Sagarmatha, - the most highly mountainous border in the world, because the border between Nepal and China goes right in the center of the peak of the mountain. For the rest, he is exactly unremarkable, if only to forget about nine tragic stimulous stories and more than 260 climbers forever the remaining slopes of the vertices of the world.
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USA and Canada
The boundaries passing directly through cities are not only a European fraud, there is one such "strip" and between the USA and Canada, in the city of Derby. It is not enough that the border goes right through many at home (you want to take a bath - drive from the US to Canada), so also two large municipal buildings - operas and libraries, were completely intentionally built right on the border. In the opera scene, for example, on the Canadian side, and most of the audience - on the US side. Because of this, all "double" houses have two postal addresses - one American, second, respectively, Canadian.
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India and Bangladesh
The border between India and Bangladesh is probably the most "holey" border in the world - a total of 200 enclaves. However, the Anklav Dahal Cagrabari # 51 Even on this background stands out - this is the only third-order enclave in the world, that is, being the territory of India, it is surrounded by the lands of Bangladesh, who are surrounded by the lands of India, which themselves are an enclave on the territory of Bangladesh. Dailed Kagrabari №51 - not just a hole from the bubble, it's a hole hole holes from a bubble. Dahal Cagrabari number 51 existed until August 1, 2015 .
UPD.
On June 6, 2015, India and Bangladesh signed an agreement on the land border, the implied enclaves. According to this agreement, India passed Bangladesh 111 enclaves in the states of Assam, West Bengal, Tripura and Meghala with a total area of \u200b\u200babout 70 square kilometers. Bangladesh gave India 51 Anclave with a total area of \u200b\u200babout 28 square kilometers. The population of these territories was more than 50 thousand people. After the exchange of territories, the inhabitants of the enclave were invited to choose citizenship. After the exchange of territories, Bangladeshsky Dachagram-Angarpota remains the only exclave, connected to the main territory of the Corridor Tin Bingha.
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Korean People's Democratic Republic and Republic Korea
The demilitarized zone, separating the DPRK and South Korea, is today considered the most well protected border in the world. Its width is 4 km, and the length is 241 km. Because of the complete lack of human activity in this area, the demilitarized zone has turned into a unique nature reserve. But the activity is observed under the zone - for 50 years, the South-Rier border guards discovered a total of 17 tunnels dug out obviously not simple single koreans. The most legendary of them, discovered in 1978 and today shown to tourists, is the crown of "high technologies" of the DPRK. It is pulled out in the granite rock at a depth of 73 m, its length is 1635 m, and the diameter of 2 m allows you to freely move to soldiers in full combat. On the surface on the South Korean side, it goes into some 44 km from Seoul. I discovered it only thanks to the information from the North Korean Defense.
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North Korea, China and Russia
The river foggy (tumangan) is one of the few "natural" borders, which is in fact the boundary is not between two, but immediately between the three states. For the most part of the flow on it passes the border between China and the DPRK, and in the lower reaches between the DPRK and Russia. Moreover, there is a point with which you can only make one step into the territory of any of the states. The truth is located at the bottom of the river.
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Russia and USA
Diomide Islands are two islands and several rocks in the center of Bering Strait at a distance of about 35 km from Chukotka and Alaska. Ratmanov Islands and Kruzenshtern belong to Russia and the United States (respectively) and are the most western and eastern points of these countries. But they are noteworthy not only by this, and not even the fact that their inhabitants can ride a visit to each other without visas. Between the islands passes the date change line. This means that when the inhabitants of the American Islands look at the west, they do not just look at the rocks over the water, the territory of another state or the easiest point of Russia - they look in the literal sense of the word in "tomorrow".
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Photo: AMUSINGPLANET.COM, HUTNYK.WORDPRESS.COM, THEGATE.BOARDINGAREA.COM, JACKSHENKER.NET, PUTIDOROGI-NN.RU, TRAVELPHOTOS.EVERYTHING-Everywhere.com, CNN.com, Newsvl.ru
Incredible facts
People created borders to separate their land from someone else's.
Borders can be on land, water and airspace.
Some countries have created almost invisible bordersSo that their inhabitants can freely move from one state to another.
But there are countries that decided to establish high walls on their borders.
Also in separation of the territory nature intervened.
Here is a small list some unusual borders Between different states:
USA (Right) and Russia (left)
Diomida Islands - two islands with cliffs located in the center of Bering Strait. Both from Chukotka and from Alaska they are separated by 35 km. Despite this, the time difference is 21 hours.
Borders of Europe
Norway and Sweden
Netherlands and Belgium
Such a free border passes through the village called Barle. It can be said that the border shares the village into two parts.
Austria, Hungary and Slovakia
This picnic table symbolizes the meeting place for three borders.
Spain and Portugal
In Portugal, sometimes there are poorly renovated roads.
Germany, Czech Republic and Poland
The borders of the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland are found at the branched river.
Austria and Slovenia
Spain and Morocco
Ceuta is a small semi-nunclav of Spain, located on the northern coast of Morocco, opposite Gibraltar. The area surrounds a large wall.
Borders between the countries of North and South America
USA (left) and Mexico (right)
USA and Canada
This long trail symbolizes the border between the two states. The border passes through the small town of Derby Line (Derby Line), and divides several houses half.
Haiti and Dominican Republic
In Haiti, they do not follow the cutting of the forest, which is why large areas of trees suffer. And in the Dominican Republic, the opposite is the other way around - here the forests are under the protection of the state.
Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil
Argentina (left) and Brazil (right)
Waterfalls Iguazu play the role of the border between these states.
Brazil (left) and Bolivia (right)
In this image, the difference in forest protection levels is clearly visible.
Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana
The amazing mountain of Roraima in South America is at the junction of Brazil's borders (in the state of Roraima), Venezuela (in Canalym National Park) and Guyana (where the mountain is the highest point of the country).
The state border is usually armed to the teeth border guards, scab-walled shepherds, barbed wire and strict passport control. But not everything is so unambiguous!
Between many countries, the border is a purely symbolic line, passing by the sidewalk or separating along the sighting road.
Germany - Czech Republic
Norway - Sweden
People at the snowmobile are preparing to drive along the path separating the two northern states.
Poland - Ukraine
Giant fish between Poland and Ukraine symbolize the conventionality of the boundaries between the countries. Their creator is the Polish artist Yaroslav Kolyara.
Sweden - Finland
Austria - Hungary - Slovakia
This picnic table is a place where the borders of the three countries of the European Union are converging.
Argentina - Brazil - Paraguay
Left - Argentina, on the right - Brazil, in the middle - Paraguay. This triple border is a place where the Iguazu and Parana rivers are constructing three South American nations.
Brazil - Uruguay
Here the border between the countries is running directly on the sidewalk. Left - Brazil, right - Uruguay.
Argentina - Brazil
Waterfalls Iguazu are located on the border of the Brazilian state of Paran and the Argentine province of Misones.
Costa Rica - Panama
This single-band bridge across the Sixasa river is a natural border between the two countries of Central America, through which thousands of cars and trucks pass every day.
Argentina - Chile
The statue of Jesus Christ, towering high in the Andes, symbolizes the world between two South American countries.
Canada - USA
The border between the United States and Canada passes through the town of Derby Line, right through the buildings.
USA - Mexico
This is a photo on the border between the city of Nogales in Arizona (left) and the city of Nogales in Sonore (right). Every year, this border, long more than 3 thousand kilometers, is legally crossed almost 350 million people, which makes it the most intersectable border in the world.
Belgium - Netherlands
The border passing in the village of Barle is the most controversial and confused. The entire village is surrounded by the Netherlands, but its 26 separate territories belong to Belgium. In order not to confuse tourists, the border is marked with white crosses right in the midst of the streets. Thus, it becomes clear whether you are in Belgium (Barle-Hertos) or in the Netherlands (Barle Nassau).
Nepal - PRC
The border between Nepal and the PRC goes straight through Everest.
Germany - Netherlands
The border between Germany and the Netherlands is marked in the EURODE metal stripe business center. And, although the mailboxes are located on both sides of the border, letters to the addressees reach only in a week.
Russia - USA
This island between Russia and the United States. Both from Chukotka and from Alaska island are separated by 35 km. Despite this, the time difference is 21 hours.
PRC - Mongolia
Haiti - Dominican Republic
The photo shows deforestation in the territory of Haiti (left) and the land of the Dominican Republic (right).
North Korea - South Korea
The united security zone depicted here is only part of the Korean demilitarized zone, where the face to face is the South Korean and North Korean troops.
Pakistan - India
Every evening a ceremony under the name "Flags" is held in Vagach, the first of which was conducted in 1959. The border in Vagach between the two Asian countries is often referred to as the "Berlin Wall of Asia".
North and South Hemisphere
This is not a state border, but a line conducted in the Ecuador Park, which is on the latitude of 0 degrees - a meeting place of two hemispheres.
