Broad thinking has the stamina to defend its point of view. Only persistent thought and self-confident people can defend. But it is impossible to stand on your own unshakably all your life. As in boxing, the more nimble, daring, and sometimes unstable wins. Everything has its own comparison, I compared it with sports.
5 five human senses
- The ability to smell - sense of smell
- The ability to feel food - taste
- The ability to feel touch - touch
- The ability to feel sounds - hearing
- The ability to feel light - sight
Thinking, no matter how nimble, is still measured and dry. Feelings are not so stable, but they are not clear, they are simply not allowed for the mind. Thought bows before emotions - a knockout of spontaneity.
If everyone were aware of this, perhaps there would be less suffering, less sad stories. This dispute has not yet been started by the mass of mankind, but if it starts, it will turn out no worse than the emergence of the world.
From dispute to dispute, everyone will receive the correct answer written above, but it takes time, an occasion, a meeting, perhaps one look or acquaintance, and maybe business events to understand. It is not necessary to feel it yourself, you can simply feel into the history of the interlocutor who has experienced or is experiencing it, it is advisable to delve into someone else's tragedy. Just a great way to prove that after all a person is born to love, rather than just think.
The five senses allow us to perceive the world around us and respond in the most appropriate way. The eyes are responsible for sight, the ears are responsible for hearing, the nose is responsible for smell, the tongue is responsible for taste, and the skin is responsible for touch. Thanks to them, we receive information about our environment, which is analyzed and interpreted by the brain. Usually our reaction is to prolong pleasant sensations or to stop unpleasant ones.
Vision
Of all the senses available to us, we most often use vision. We can see thanks to many organs: light rays pass through the pupil (hole), the cornea (transparent membrane), then through the lens (an organ that looks like a lens), after which an inverted image appears on the retina of the eye (a thin membrane in the eyeball). The image is converted into a nerve signal by the receptors lining the retina, the rods and cones, and transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. The brain recognizes the nerve impulse as an image, flips it in the right direction and perceives it in three-dimensional form.
Hearing
According to scientists, hearing is the second most commonly used sense. Sounds (air vibrations) travel through the ear canal to the eardrum and cause it to vibrate. Then they pass through the window of the vestibule - a hole closed with a thin film, and the cochlea filled with a liquid tube, while irritating the auditory cells. These cells convert vibrations into nerve signals that are sent to the brain. The brain recognizes these signals as sounds, determining their volume level and pitch.
Touch
Millions of receptors located on the surface of the skin and in its tissues recognize touch, pressure or pain, then send the appropriate signals to the spinal cord and brain. The brain analyzes and decodes these signals, translating them into sensations - pleasant, neutral or unpleasant.
Smell
We are able to distinguish up to ten thousand smells, some of which (poisonous gases, smoke) alert us to imminent danger. Cells located in the nasal cavity detect the molecules that are the source of the smell, then send the appropriate nerve impulses to the brain. The brain recognizes these odors, which can be pleasant or unpleasant. Scientists have identified seven main odors: aromatic (camphor), ethereal, fragrant (floral), ambrosial (the smell of musk - a substance of animal origin used in perfumery), repulsive (putrefactive), garlic (sulphurous) and, finally, the smell of burning. The sense of smell is often called the sense of memory: indeed, the smell can remind you of a very old event.
Taste
Less developed than the sense of smell, the sense of taste reports the quality and taste of food and liquids consumed. Taste cells, located on the taste buds - small tubercles on the tongue, detect flavors and transmit the appropriate nerve impulses to the brain. The brain analyzes and identifies the nature of the taste.
How do we taste food?
The sense of taste is not enough to appreciate food, and the sense of smell also plays a very important role. The nasal cavity contains two olfactory regions that are sensitive to odors. When we eat, the smell of the food reaches these areas that "determine" whether the food is tasty or not.
It is traditionally believed that a person has five senses. They were listed by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle over three hundred years before our era. Supporters of conservative views continue to adhere to his theory. However, modern physiologists and physicians argue that Aristotle's list is far from complete.
So how many feelings do we really have? Experts cannot come to a consensus on this matter. Some argue that 4 more should be added to the 5 known to everyone. Others are ready to add 21 points to this list. And the most daring claim that their number is infinite.
5 items on Aristotle's list
You are, of course, familiar with this list. Let's just remember:
- Vision. It is the ability to see the world around. With the help of the organs of vision, a person receives almost 90% of information. In addition to the eyes, the optic nerves and the brain are involved in the process of capturing and processing light waves.
- Hearing. Sound waves are picked up by the auricles and transmitted to the middle and then the inner ear for processing. The converted signal from the hearing organs enters the brain.
- Smell. The ability to distinguish odors. This feeling is much less developed in humans than in animals. The nose is just a tool for picking up chemical elements from the air. Further work is performed by receptors (there are more than 2000 types) and olfactory nerves. They process information and then send it to the brain.
- Touch. It is also called tactile sense. A person feels touch due to special receptors found in the skin, muscles and mucous membranes.
- Taste. Taste buds located on the tongue, back of the throat, and tonsils allow us to enjoy eating.
We use these feelings every second, sometimes without noticing them, automatically. But, it is worth a person to lose at least one of them, and he will certainly cease to feel full. But that's not all. Your body is endowed with more properties, without which you will not feel comfortable in this world.
4 Feelings You Can't Deny
These four senses are equally important.
Thermoception
You won't deny that you feel warm, will you? How do you do it? After all, heat cannot be seen or heard, it has no smell. And we do not have to touch the battery or the kettle to understand that they are warm. This feeling is called thermoception.
Equibrioception
The ability to maintain balance is called equiprioception. The vestibular apparatus is responsible for these functions. This is part of the middle ear. Works on the principle of a building bubble level. Special cavities of the vestibular apparatus, filled with fluid, react to changes in body position. They allow the tightrope walker to maintain balance in the circus, and they cause seasickness in sailors during a storm.
Nociception
Each of you is familiar with the feeling of pain. This is also a feeling. It's called nociception. Moreover, doctors distinguish three types of pain: skin, bodily (pain in the joints, spine) and visceral (when the internal organs hurt).
proprioception
Everyone knows the exercise when the doctor asks you to close your eyes and touch the tip of your nose with your finger. How do you know where your hand, nose is in space? Can you confidently say which finger you completed the task with: middle, index, little fingers? This is all the work of proprioception. To put it simply, it is a feeling of the position of one's own body in space.
Does the person still have feelings?
Of course have. And many of them are familiar to you.
For example, feeling of hunger, thirst, full bladder, intestines.
The sense of time or chronoception. Neurologist David Eagleman considers it one of the most important. It links other sensations together, helps to understand their sequence. Without it, it would seem to a person that events are happening all at the same time. Doctors have not found receptors responsible for chronoception in the human body. But, studies show that this sensation affects several areas of the brain.
In addition, a person has many unconscious reactions. We simply do not notice them, since the body itself recognizes the receptor signals and starts vital processes: it controls the respiratory rate, the pH level in the cerebrospinal fluid, carbon dioxide in the blood.
We must not forget about the notorious “sixth sense”. You can believe in it or not, but there is hardly a person who can confidently deny its existence. After all, there are many cases when people, for unknown reasons, handed over tickets for a plane that later crashed, or left the house a minute before a gas explosion.
What about mental pain? After all, we almost physically feel it in the solar plexus area when tragic events or major troubles occur in our lives.
What do conservatives think
Conservative scientists argue that we actually have only 3 senses:
- light (vision);
- mechanical (this includes hearing, touch);
- chemical (smell and taste fall into this section).
All sensations not included in this short list, they consider as constituents.
Skeptics dispute the presence of additional senses in humans. As an argument, they cite the fact that all these phenomena are just the work of the brain. But, back to our traditional five abilities. Analyze the processes taking place in the body. You will understand that vision, hearing and other sensations also function only thanks to the brain.
And also ask the older generation, for example, about the theory of the origin of man. After all, they were taught at school that we are direct descendants of monkeys. Today, Darwin's theory is called erroneous. So maybe the list of Aristotle's feelings is high time to expand significantly?
It's hard for me to sort out my feelings - a phrase that each of us has come across: in books, in movies, in life (someone's or our own). But it is very important to be able to understand your feelings.
Wheel of Emotions by Robert Plutchik
Some believe - and perhaps they are right - that the meaning of life is in feelings. Indeed, at the end of life, only our feelings, real or in memories, remain with us. Yes, and the measure of what is happening can also be our experiences: the richer, more diverse, brighter they are, the more fully we feel life.
What are feelings? The simplest definition: feelings are what we feel. This is our attitude to certain things (objects). There is also a more scientific definition: feelings (higher emotions) are special mental states that are manifested by socially conditioned experiences that express a person’s long-term and stable emotional relationship to things.
How are feelings different from emotions?
Sensations are our experiences that we experience through the senses, and we have five of them. Sensations are visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory and odor sensations (our sense of smell). With sensations, everything is simple: stimulus - receptor - sensation.
Our consciousness interferes with emotions and feelings - our thoughts, attitudes, our thinking. Emotions are influenced by our thoughts. And vice versa - emotions affect our thoughts. We will discuss these relationships in more detail a little later. But now let's recall once again one of the criteria for psychological health, namely point 10: we are responsible for our feelings, it depends on us what they will be. It is important.
Fundamental emotions
All human emotions can be distinguished by the quality of experience. This aspect of a person's emotional life is most clearly presented in the theory of differential emotions by the American psychologist K. Izard. He identified ten qualitatively different "fundamental" emotions: interest-excitement, joy, surprise, grief-suffering, anger-rage, disgust-disgust, contempt-neglect, fear-horror, shame-shyness, guilt-repentance. K. Izard classifies the first three emotions as positive, the remaining seven as negative. Each of the fundamental emotions underlies a whole range of states that differ in severity. For example, within the framework of such a single-modal emotion as joy, one can single out joy-satisfaction, joy-delight, joy-jubilation, joy-ecstasy, and others. From the combination of fundamental emotions, all other, more complex, complex emotional states arise. For example, anxiety can combine fear, anger, guilt, and interest.
1. Interest - a positive emotional state that contributes to the development of skills and abilities, the acquisition of knowledge. Interest-excitation is a feeling of capture, curiosity.
2. Joy is a positive emotion associated with the ability to sufficiently fully satisfy an urgent need, the probability of which before that was small or uncertain. Joy is accompanied by self-satisfaction and satisfaction with the surrounding world. Obstacles to self-realization are also obstacles to the emergence of joy.
3. Surprise - an emotional reaction that does not have a clearly expressed positive or negative sign to sudden circumstances. Surprise inhibits all previous emotions, directing attention to a new object and can turn into interest.
4. Suffering (grief) - the most common negative emotional state associated with the receipt of reliable (or seeming such) information about the impossibility of satisfying the most important needs, the achievement of which before that seemed more or less likely. Suffering has the character of asthenic emotion and more often occurs in the form of emotional stress. The most severe form of suffering is grief associated with irretrievable loss.
5. Anger - a strong negative emotional state, occurring more often in the form of affect; arises in response to an obstacle in achieving passionately desired goals. Anger has the character of a sthenic emotion.
6. Disgust - a negative emotional state caused by objects (objects, people, circumstances), contact with which (physical or communicative) comes into sharp conflict with the aesthetic, moral or ideological principles and attitudes of the subject. Disgust, when combined with anger, can motivate aggressive behavior in interpersonal relationships. Disgust, like anger, can be directed at oneself, lowering self-esteem and causing self-judgment.
7. Contempt - a negative emotional state that occurs in interpersonal relationships and is generated by a mismatch of life positions, views and behavior of the subject with those of the object of feeling. The latter are presented to the subject as base, not corresponding to accepted moral standards and ethical criteria. A person is hostile to those whom he despises.
8. Fear - a negative emotional state that appears when the subject receives information about the possible damage to his life well-being, about real or imagined danger. Unlike the suffering caused by direct blocking of the most important needs, a person, experiencing the emotion of fear, has only a probabilistic forecast of possible trouble and acts on the basis of this forecast (often insufficiently reliable or exaggerated). The emotion of fear can be both sthenic and asthenic in nature and proceed either in the form of stressful conditions, or in the form of a stable mood of depression and anxiety, or in the form of affect (horror).
9. Shame - a negative emotional state, expressed in the awareness of the inconsistency of one's own thoughts, actions and appearance not only with the expectations of others, but also with one's own ideas about proper behavior and appearance.
10. Guilt - a negative emotional state, expressed in the realization of the unseemliness of one's own act, thought or feelings and expressed in regret and repentance.
Table of human feelings and emotions
And I also want to show you a collection of feelings, emotions, states that a person experiences during his life - a generalized table that does not pretend to be scientific, but will help you better understand yourself. The table is taken from the site "Communities of dependent and co-dependent", the author is Mikhail.
All human feelings and emotions can be divided into four types. It is fear, anger, sadness and joy. To what type this or that feeling belongs can be found from the table.
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And for those who read the article to the end. The purpose of this article is to help you understand your feelings, what they are. Our feelings largely depend on our thoughts. Irrational thinking often underlies negative emotions. By correcting these mistakes (by working on our thinking), we can be happier and achieve more in life. There is an interesting, but persistent and painstaking work on oneself. You are ready?
This will be of interest to you:
P.S. And remember, just by changing your consumption, we are changing the world together! © econet
Many say that man has five senses which are known to all: sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. But is it really so? Of course not! Man has at least four more senses.
The five senses listed above were named by Aristotle. Undoubtedly, he was an outstanding scientist, but he was wrong in some things, and some scientific explanations were simply not subject to him because of the time in which he lived. All the same, science, technology, and the way of thinking is changing, so to answer the question: more modern scientists will help us.
Humans have at least 9 senses
Why at least? Many single out such feelings as intuition, foreboding, or a sense of beauty, but, you see, this is somehow not scientific.
So let's now turn to list of 9 senses:
The first five of the feelings, as you might guess, remained unchanged. This is:
1. Vision.
2. Hearing.
3.Taste.
4. Smell.
5. Touch.
They have long been known to everyone, so it makes no sense to stop and describe each of them. But let's talk about the remaining four feelings in more detail.
6. Thermoception- this is a feeling of warmth or lack of it on the skin. After all, a person can feel warmth, but not with the help of the standard five senses.
7. Equibrioception- a sense of balance. This feeling is determined by the fluid-containing cavities in our inner ear.
8. Nociception- the perception of pain. Pain can be felt in the skin, joints, or organs of the body.
By the way, I would like to note one very interesting fact:
this feeling does not include ... the brain! As you know, there are no pain-sensitive receptors in the brain, so headaches, no matter what we think, do not come from within the brain at all.
9. proprioception- body awareness. Well, how can you not highlight this feeling? It is the most real, because we understand where, for example, our leg is located, even if we do not see it.
A little experiment to prove it:
if we try to close our eyes and swing our foot in the air, we will still know where our foot is in relation to other parts of the body, right?
How do you understand these 9 senses only the main ones. And to find out what other feelings can be distinguished in a person, you can ask this question to any good neurologist. Each of them has their own point of view on this issue, and many also highlight such feelings as, for example:
*sense of hunger *sense of thirst *sense of depth *sense of meaning etc.
And there is also an intriguing synesthesia: when feelings collide, intertwine in such a way that the music begins to be perceived in color!
You can also highlight the feeling of electricity or the feeling of fear (when the hair suddenly begins to stand on end), and of course. The list can be very long.
Now it is clear that the statement: humans have 5 senses, is fundamentally wrong!
