Median sacral artery. Meaning of the median sacral artery in medical terms: Brachial artery. ulnar artery. branches of the thoracic aorta

Abdominal aorta, aorta abdominalis, is a continuation of the thoracic aorta. It starts at level XII thoracic vertebra and reaches the IV-V lumbar vertebra. Here is the abdominal aorta divides into two common iliac arteries, aa.. iliacae communes. From the place of division of the aorta, a thin branch extends downwards, being its continuation, lying on the anterior surface of the sacrum - the median sacral artery, a. sacralis mediana. Two types of branches depart from the abdominal aorta: parietal and splanchnic. Abdominal aorta lies retroperitoneally. In the upper part, the body of the pancreas and two veins adjoin its surface, crossing it: the splenic vein lying along the upper edge of the pancreas, v. lienalis, and behind the gland is the left renal vein, v. renalis sinistra; below the body of the pancreas, in front of the aorta is the lower part of the duodenum and, finally, below it is the beginning of the root of the mesentery small intestine. To the right of the aorta lies inferior vena cava, v. cava inferior; behind primary department The abdominal aorta contains the cistern of the thoracic duct, cistema ductus thoracici, - the initial part of the thoracic duct, ductus thoracicus.

Inferior phrenic artery, a. phrenica inferior, a rather powerful paired artery, departs from the anterior surface of the initial part of the abdominal aorta at the level of the XII thoracic vertebra and goes to the lower surface of the tendon part of the diaphragm. The right artery passes behind the inferior vein, the left - behind

esophagus

Along its course, the artery is divided into three branches.

The anterior branch, which supplies the anterior parts of the diaphragm and anastomoses with a. musculophrenica.
Posterior branch, supplies blood to the posterior parts of the diaphragm, anastomoses with aa.. intercostales.
Superior adrenal artery, a. suprarenalis superior, is a thin branch that arises from the initial section of the inferior phrenic artery and supplies blood to the adrenal gland. Along the way, several small branches branch off from it, supplying blood to the lower sections esophagus and peritoneum.

The lumbar arteries, aa.. lumbales, are 4 paired arteries arising from the posterior wall of the abdominal aorta at the level of the body of the 1st-4th lumbar vertebrae. They are directed transversely, to the lateral side; in this case, the two upper arteries pass behind the legs of the diaphragm, the two lower ones lie behind m. psoas major.

abdominal muscles

Median sacral artery, a. sacralis mediana, is a direct continuation of the abdominal aorta, starts from its posterior surface, slightly above the division into the common iliac arteries, aa.. iliacae communes, m..e. at the level of the V lumbar vertebra. It is a thin vessel passing from top to bottom in the middle of the pelvic surface of the sacrum and ending at

coccyx

1. Inferior phrenic artery, a. phrenica inferior(see Fig.) is a fairly powerful paired artery. It departs from the anterior surface of the initial part of the abdominal aorta at the level of the XII thoracic vertebra and goes to the lower surface of the tendon part of the diaphragm, where it gives off anterior and posterior branches that supply blood to the latter. In the thickness of the diaphragm, the right and left arteries anastomose with each other and with branches from the thoracic part of the aorta (see Fig.). The right artery passes behind the inferior vena cava, the left - behind the esophagus.

Along its course, the artery gives off 5-7 superior adrenal arteries, aa. suprarenales superiores. These are thin branches that arise from the initial section of the inferior phrenic artery and supply blood to the adrenal gland. Along the way, several small branches extend from them to the lower parts of the esophagus and to the peritoneum.

2. Lumbar arteries, aa. lumbales(see Fig.) are 4 paired arteries. They arise from the posterior wall of the abdominal aorta at the level of the body of the I-IV lumbar vertebrae. They are directed transversely, to the lateral side, with the two upper arteries passing behind the legs of the diaphragm, the two lower ones - behind the psoas major muscle.

All lumbar arteries anastomose with each other and with the superior and inferior epigastric arteries, which supply blood to the rectus abdominis muscle. Along their course, the arteries give a number of small branches to the subcutaneous tissue and skin; in the area of the white line they anastomose here and there with the arteries of the same name on the opposite side. In addition, the lumbar arteries anastomose with the intercostal arteries, aa. intercostales, iliopsoas artery, a. iliolumbalis, deep artery circumflexing the ilium, a. circumflexa ilium profunda, and the superior gluteal artery, a. glutea superior.

Having reached the transverse processes of the vertebrae, each lumbar artery gives off dorsal branch, r. dorsalis. Then the lumbar artery goes behind the quadratus lumborum muscle and supplies it with blood; then it goes to the anterior wall of the abdomen, passes between the transverse and internal oblique abdominal muscles and reaches the rectus abdominis muscle.

The dorsal branch goes to the back surface of the body to the muscles of the back and the skin of the lumbar region. Along the way, it gives off a small branch to the spinal cord - spinal branch, r. spinalis, which enters the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen, supplying blood spinal cord and its shell.

3. Median sacral artery, a. sacralis mediana(see Fig.) is a direct continuation of the abdominal aorta. It starts from its posterior surface, slightly above the bifurcation of the aorta, i.e. at the level of the V lumbar vertebra. It is a thin vessel passing from top to bottom in the middle of the pelvic surface of the sacrum and ending at the coccyx in the coccygeal body, glomus coccygeum (see “Endocrine glands”).

Branching from the median sacral artery along its course are:

inferior lumbar artery, a. lumbalis imae, steam room, extends into the area of the V lumbar vertebra and supplies blood to the iliopsoas muscle. On its way, the artery gives off a dorsal branch, which is involved in the blood supply to the deep muscles of the back and spinal cord;
lateral sacral branches, rr. sacrales laterales, depart from the main trunk at the level of each vertebra and, branching on the anterior surface of the sacrum, anastomose with similar branches from the lateral sacral arteries (branches of the internal iliac arteries).

Several branches depart from the lower part of the median sacral artery, which supply blood to the lower parts of the rectum and the loose tissue around it.

MIDDLE SACRAL ARTERY

(a. sacralis mediana, pna) see List of anat. terms.

Medical terms. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what the MEDICAL SACRA ARTERY is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

ARTERY in Medical terms:
(-s) (arteria, -ae, pna, bna, jna; Greek arteria from aer air + tereo contain) a blood vessel through which blood moves ...
ARTERY
[from ancient Greek] 1) a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the periphery; 2) an important means of communication: railway line, canal, navigable river...
ARTERY in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, and, w. 1. Blood vessel, carrying blood from the heart to all parts of the body. Arterial - relating to artery, arteries.||Cf. ...
ARTERY in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
[te], -i, f. 1. A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to all organs and tissues of the body. 2. transfer Communication path...
ARTERY in Collier's Dictionary:
a vessel through which blood flows from the heart to organs and tissues. The largest artery, the aorta, leaves the heart and then...
ARTERY in the Complete Accented Paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
artery, artery, artery, artery, artery, artery, artery, artery, artery, artery, artery, artery, …
ARTERY in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
(gr. arteria) 1) a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to organs and tissues; 2) transfer important route of communication: railway...
ARTERY in the Dictionary of Foreign Expressions:
[gr. arteria] 1. a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to organs and tissues; 2. * important means of communication: railway, ...
ARTERY in the Russian Synonyms dictionary:
aorta, ...
ARTERY in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
and. 1) A blood vessel through which blood from the heart flows to organs and tissues. 2) transfer An important route of communication (usually...
ARTERY in Lopatin’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
artery, ...
ARTERY full spelling dictionary Russian language:
artery...
ARTERY in the Spelling Dictionary:
artery, ...
ARTERY in Ozhegov’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to all organs and tissues of the body artery Poet route of communication Water arteries ...
ARTERY in Dahl's Dictionary:
wives , anat. combat vein, aloblood; arteries carry scarlet blood from the heart to all parts of the body from where it comes, through the thinnest...
ARTERY in Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
arteries, g. (Greek arteria). 1. A blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to various organs of the body (anat.). 2. transfer Communication route...
ARTERY in Ephraim's Explanatory Dictionary:
artery g. 1) A blood vessel through which blood from the heart flows to organs and tissues. 2) transfer An important route of communication...
ARTERY in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
and. 1. A blood vessel through which blood from the heart flows to organs and tissues. 2. transfer An important route of communication (usually...
ARTERY in the Bolshoi Modern explanatory dictionary Russian language:
and. 1. A blood vessel through which blood from the heart flows to organs and tissues. 2. transfer An important route of communication (...
MEDIUM PHARYNGOTOMY in Medical terms:
(r. mediana) see Transhyoid pharyngotomy ...
LUMBOSACRAL LIGAMENT OF DURAL MATTER (L. LUMBOSACRALE DURAE MATRIS) in Medical terms:
see List of anat. ...
SACRAL REGION in Medical terms:
(regio sacralis, pna, bna, jna) area corresponding to the boundaries of the sacrum and including the medial sections of the left and right gluteal ...
MIDDLE SACRAL VEIN in Medical terms:
(v. sacralis media) see List of anat. ...
SACRAL VEIN CAUDAL in Medical terms:
(v. sacralis caudalis) see List of anat. ...
Sacral Tuberosity in Medical terms:
(t. sacralis, pna, bna, jna) B. on the lateral parts of the sacrum; place of attachment of muscles and...
CAROTID ARTERY
(a. carotis) is an artery that supplies blood to the head and appears with extreme consistency in all vertebrates. On each side there is a common...
SACRAL REGION in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
that part of the body of vertebrates where the pelvis articulates with the spine. It got its name from the sacrum (os sacrum), formed by the fusion of several vertebrae...
TAILLESS REPATTERS in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
or Batrachia (Batrachia, see table. Tailless reptiles I, II and III) - the first and highest order of the class Amphibians, or Naked ...
CAROTID ARTERY
(a. carotis) ? an artery that supplies blood to the head and appears with extreme constancy in all vertebrates. On each side there is a common...
SACRAL REGION in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
? that part of the body of vertebrates where the pelvis articulates with the spine. It got its name from the sacrum (os sacrum), formed by the fusion of several...
TAILLESS REPATTERS in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
or Batrachia (see table. Tailless reptiles I, II and III)? the first and highest detachment of the class Amphibians, or Naked...
NARA in the Encyclopedia Japan from A to Z:
1) the historical period of existence of the ancient Japanese state from 710 to 794. After the completion of the formation of a centralized state modeled on the Chinese one, ...
DELIMITATION in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
CONTINENTAL SHELF - establishing the boundaries of the continental shelf between states with opposite or adjacent coasts. According to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea...
CORE in the Encyclopedia Biology:
, the middle part of a shoot or root. It usually consists of loose parenchymal tissue, the cell membranes of which do not become lignified. At the root of...
MIDDLE CULTURE in the Basic terms used in A.S. Akhiezer’s book Critique of Historical Experience:
- (middle culture) - a concept introduced by N. Berdyaev. S. k. is a cultural innovation obtained as a result of mediation, as a result of overcoming dual opposition...
ASIHARA NO NAKATSUKUNI
(ancient Japanese, “reed plain - middle country”) in Japanese mythology, the land of people, in contrast to Takama no hara (“plain of high ...
ARCADIA in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
90 sq. m. Mounts Erymanthus (in the northwest), Cyllena (in the northeast), Parnon (in the southeast) and Cotilion (in the southwest), connecting with each other ...
ABDOMINAL INJURIES in the Medical Dictionary:
WARDENBURG SYNDROME in the Medical Dictionary:
CRANIOFACIAL DYSPLASIA in the Medical Dictionary:
Craniofacial dysplasia is a large group of developmental defects with pronounced deviations in the shape of the facial skeleton, often with hypertelorism. The gene involved is usually...
INVAGINATION in the Medical Dictionary:
Intussusception - view acute obstruction intestine, characterized by the introduction of one segment of the intestine into the lumen of another. Frequency. 1.5-4 cases/1,000 live births. ...
in the Medical Dictionary:
GIANT CELL ARTERITIS in the Medical Dictionary:
in the Medical Dictionary:
ACUTE PERITONITIS in the Medical Dictionary:
HERNIA OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC OF THE CERVICAL AND THORACIC SPINE in the Medical Dictionary:
Hernia intervertebral disc cervical and thoracic spine - protrusion or prolapse of fragments of the intervertebral disc (in the cervical or thoracic, respectively...
HERNIATION OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC OF THE LUMBAR SPINE in the Medical Dictionary:
ABDOMINAL INJURIES
Abdominal injuries can be open or closed. Open injuries are often gunshot or stab wounds, less often slash injuries. Closed injuries occur during transport...
WARDENBURG SYNDROME in the Big Medical Dictionary:
Wardenburg syndrome is a group of hereditary multiple birth defects development with characteristic pigmentation disorders and deafness. - Type I (*193500, 2q35, …
ACUTE PERITONITIS in the Big Medical Dictionary:
Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, accompanied by both local and general symptoms. Frequency - Primary peritonitis occurs rarely, in approximately 1%...
Descent and prolapse of the uterus and vagina in the Big Medical Dictionary:
Prolapse and prolapse of the uterus and vagina occur when the pelvic diaphragm is weakened and ligamentous apparatus. Walls often fall out Bladder(cystocele) ...
in the Big Medical Dictionary:
Intervertebral disc herniation lumbar region spine - protrusion or prolapse of fragments of the lumbar intervertebral disc into the spinal canal, occurring in ...
ATHEROSCLEROSIS OF PERIPHERAL ARTERIES in the Big Medical Dictionary:
Peripheral artery atherosclerosis is a disease of the peripheral arteries with chronic course. A segmental obstruction to blood flow or narrowing of the lumen of the aorta and its...
GIANT CELL ARTERITIS in the Big Medical Dictionary:
Giant cell arteritis (GA) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by damage to the temporal artery (most often), retinal arteries, brain and other arteries, and ...
TRANSHYPOGLOUSAL PHARYNGOTOMY in Medical terms:
(p. transhyoidea; synonym: f. median, f. transhyoid) F., in which the hyoid bone is exposed by a median or T-shaped incision of the soft tissues of the neck ...
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
in invertebrate animals has not yet been studied enough. In higher worms they are found in various parts intestinal ganglion cells and nerve fibers, probably...
HEART in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
muscular, rhythmically contracting expansion vascular system. Such expansions can be in both the lymphatic and circulatory systems. In the first …

Abdominal aorta(abdominal aorta), pars abdominalis aortae (aorta abdominalis), is a continuation of the thoracic part of the aorta. It begins at the level of the XII thoracic vertebra and reaches the IV-V lumbar vertebra. Here the abdominal aorta divides into two common iliac arteries, aa. aliacae communes. The site of division is called the bifurcation of the aorta, bifurcatio aortica. A thin branch extends downwards from the bifurcation and lies on the anterior surface of the sacrum - the median sacral artery, a. sacralis mediana.

Two types of branches depart from the abdominal part of the aorta: parietal and splanchnic.

The abdominal part of the aorta is located retroperitoneally. In the upper part, the body of the pancreas and two veins adjoin its surface, crossing it: the splenic vein lying along the upper edge of the pancreas, v. lienalis, and left renal vein, v. renalis sinistra, running behind the gland. Below the body of the pancreas, in front of the aorta, is the lower part of the duodenum, and below it is the beginning of the root of the mesentery of the small intestine. To the right of the aorta lies the inferior vena cava, v. cava inferior; behind the initial section of the abdominal aorta there is a cistern of the thoracic duct, cisterna chyli, - the initial part of the thoracic duct, ductus thoracicus.

Parietal branches.

1. Inferior phrenic artery, a. phrenica inferior, is a rather powerful paired artery. It departs from the anterior surface of the initial part of the abdominal aorta at the level of the XII thoracic vertebra and goes to the lower surface of the tendon part of the diaphragm, where it gives off anterior and posterior branches that supply blood to the latter. In the thickness of the diaphragm, the right and left arteries anastomose with each other and with branches from the thoracic part of the aorta. The right artery passes behind the inferior vena cava, the left - behind the esophagus.

Along its course, the artery gives off 5 - 7 superior adrenal arteries, aa. suprarenales superiores. These are thin branches that arise from the initial section of the inferior phrenic artery and supply blood to the adrenal gland. Along the way, several small branches extend from them to the lower parts of the esophagus and to the peritoneum.

2. Lumbar arteries, aa. lumbales, are 4 paired arteries. They arise from the posterior wall of the abdominal aorta at the level of the body of the I-IV lumbar vertebrae. They are directed transversely, to the lateral side, with the two upper arteries passing behind the legs of the diaphragm, the two lower ones - behind the psoas major muscle.

Having reached the transverse processes of the vertebrae, each lumbar artery gives off a dorsal branch, r. dorsalis. Then the lumbar artery goes behind the quadratus lumborum muscle and supplies it with blood; then it goes to the anterior wall of the abdomen, passes between the transverse and internal oblique abdominal muscles and reaches the rectus abdominis muscle.

The dorsal branch goes to the back surface of the body to the muscles of the back and the skin of the lumbar region. Along the way, it gives off a small branch to the spinal cord - the spinal ramus, r. spinalis, which enters the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramen, supplying blood to the spinal cord and its membranes.

3. Median sacral artery, a. sacralis mediana, is a direct continuation of the abdominal aorta. It starts from its posterior surface, slightly above the bifurcation of the aorta, i.e. at the level of the V lumbar vertebra. It is a thin vessel passing from top to bottom in the middle of the pelvic surface of the sacrum and ending at the coccyx in the coccygeal body, glomus coccygeum.

Branching from the median sacral artery along its course are:

a) inferior lumbar artery, a. lumbalis imae, steam room, extends into the area of the V lumbar vertebra and supplies blood to the iliopsoas muscle. On its way, the artery gives off a dorsal branch, which is involved in the blood supply to the deep muscles of the back and spinal cord;

b) lateral sacral branches, rr. sacrales laterales, extend from the main trunk at the level of each vertebra and, branching on the anterior surface of the sacrum, anastomose with similar branches from the lateral sacral arteries (branches of the internal iliac arteries).

Several branches depart from the lower part of the median sacral artery, which supply blood to the lower parts of the rectum and the loose tissue around it.

Internal branches

I. Celiac trunk, truncus celiacus, is a short vessel, 1-2 cm long, extending from the anterior surface of the aorta at the level of the upper edge of the body of the 1st lumbar vertebra or the lower edge of the body of the 12th thoracic vertebra in the place where the abdominal aorta exits the aortic opening. The artery goes anteriorly and immediately divides into three branches: the left gastric artery, a. gastricasinistra, common hepatic artery, a. hepatica communis, and splenic artery, a. splenica (lienalis).

1. Left gastric artery, a. gastrica sinistra, the smaller of these three arteries. It rises slightly up and to the left; approaching the cardiac part, it gives off several branches towards the esophagus - esophageal branches, rr. esophageales, anastomosing with the branches of the same name from the thoracic part of the aorta, and itself descends to the right side along the lesser curvature of the stomach, anastomosing with the right gastric artery, a. gastrica dextra (from the common hepatic artery). On its way along the lesser curvature, the left gastric artery sends small branches to the anterior and posterior walls of the stomach.

2. Common hepatic artery, a. hepatica communis, is a more powerful branch, has a length of up to 4 cm. Moving away from the celiac trunk, it runs along the right leg of the diaphragm, the upper edge of the pancreas from left to right and enters the thickness of the lesser omentum, where it divides into two branches - the proper hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries.

1) Own hepatic artery, a. hepatica propria, moving away from the main trunk, goes to the gate of the liver in the thickness of the hepatoduodenal ligament, to the left of the common bile duct and somewhat anterior to the portal vein, v. portae. Approaching the gate of the liver, the proper hepatic artery divides into left and right branches, while the gallbladder artery departs from the right branch, a. cystica.

Right gastric artery, a. gastrica dextra, is a thin branch that arises from the proper hepatic artery, sometimes from the common hepatic artery. It is directed from top to bottom to the lesser curvature of the stomach, along which it runs from right to left, and anastomoses with a. gastrica sinistra. The right gastric artery gives off a number of branches that supply blood to the anterior and posterior walls of the stomach.

At the gate of the liver is the right branch, r. dexter, the proper hepatic artery sends the artery of the caudate lobe to the caudate lobe, a. lobi caudati, and arteries to the corresponding segments of the right lobe of the liver: to the anterior segment - the artery of the anterior segment, a. segmenti anterioris, and to the posterior segment - the artery of the posterior segment, a. segmenti posterioris.

Left branch, r. sinister, gives off the following arteries: artery of the caudate lobe, a. lobi caudati, and arteries of the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe of the liver, a. segmenti medialis et a. segmenti lateralis. In addition, a non-permanent intermediate branch, r, departs from the left branch (less often from the right branch). intermedius, which supplies the quadrate lobe of the liver.

2) Gastroduodenal artery, a. gastroduodenalis, is a rather powerful trunk. It is directed from the common hepatic artery downwards, behind the pyloric part of the stomach, crossing it from top to bottom. Sometimes the supraduodenal artery arises from this artery, a. supraduodenalis, which crosses the anterior surface of the head of the pancreas.

The following branches depart from the gastroduodenal artery:

a) posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, a. pancreaticoduodenalis superior posterior, passes along back surface head of the pancreas and, going down, gives pancreatic branches along its course, rr. pancreatici, and duodenal branches, rr. duodenales. At the lower edge of the horizontal part of the duodenum, the artery anastomoses with the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, a. pancreaticoduodenalis inferior (branch of the superior mesenteric artery, a. mesenterica superior);

b) anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, a. pancreaticoduodenalis superior anterior, located in an arcuate manner on the anterior surface of the head of the pancreas and the medial edge of the descending part of the duodenum, directed downward, giving off duodenal branches along its path, rr. duodenales, and pancreatic branches, rr. pancreatici. At the lower edge of the horizontal part of the duodenum, it anastomoses with the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, a. pancreatoduodenalis inferior (branch of the superior mesenteric artery).

c) right gastroepiploic artery, a. gastroepiploica dextra, is a continuation of the gastroduodenal artery. It goes to the left along the greater curvature of the stomach between the leaves of the greater omentum, sends branches to the anterior and posterior walls of the stomach - gastric branches, rr. gastrici, as well as omental branches, rr. epiploici to the greater omentum. In the area of the greater curvature, it anastomoses with the left gastroepiploic artery, a. gastroepiploica sinistra (branch of the splenic artery, a. splenica);

d) retroduodenal arteries, aa. retroduodenales are the right terminal branches of the gastroduodenal artery. They surround the anterior surface of the right edge of the head of the pancreas.

3. Splenic artery, a. splenica, is the thickest of the branches extending from the celiac trunk. The artery goes to the left and, together with the vein of the same name, lies behind the upper edge of the pancreas. Having reached the tail of the pancreas, it enters the gastrosplenic ligament and splits into terminal branches heading to the spleen.

The splenic artery gives branches that supply blood to the pancreas, stomach and greater omentum.

1) Pancreatic branches, rr. pancreatici, extend from the splenic artery along its entire length and enter the parenchyma of the gland. They are represented by the following arteries:

a) dorsal pancreatic artery, a. pancreatica dorsalis, follows downwards according to the middle section of the posterior surface of the body of the pancreas and at its lower edge passes into the inferior pancreatic artery, a. pancreatica inferior, supplying blood to the lower surface of the pancreas;

b) large pancreatic artery, a. pancreatica magna, arises from the main trunk or from the dorsal pancreatic artery, follows to the right and runs along the posterior surface of the body and head of the pancreas. Connects to the anastomosis between the posterior superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries;

c) caudal pancreatic artery, a. caude pancreatis, is one of the terminal branches of the splenic artery, supplies blood to the tail of the pancreas.

2) Splenic branches, rr. splenici, 4 - 6 in total, are the terminal branches of the splenic artery and penetrate through the gate into the splenic parenchyma.

3) Short gastric arteries, aa. gastricae breves, in the form of 3-7 small stems, extend from the terminal section of the splenic artery and, in the thickness of the gastrosplenic ligament, go to the bottom of the stomach, anastomosing with other gastric arteries.

4) Left gastroepiploic artery, a. gastroepiploica sinistra, starts from the splenic artery at the place where the terminal branches depart from it to the spleen, and follows down in front of the pancreas. Having reached the greater curvature of the stomach, it moves along it from left to right, lying between the leaves of the greater omentum. On the border of left and middle thirds the greater curvature anastomoses with the right gastroepiploic artery (from A. gastroduodenalis). Along its course, the artery sends a number of branches to the anterior and posterior walls of the stomach - gastric branches, rr. gastrici, and to the greater omentum - omental branches, rr. epiploici.

5) Posterior gastric artery, a. gastrica posterior, non-permanent, supplies blood to the posterior wall of the stomach, closer to the cardiac part.

II. Superior mesenteric artery, a. mesenterica superior, is a large vessel that starts from the anterior surface of the aorta, slightly below (1 - 3 cm) the celiac trunk, behind the pancreas.

Coming out from under the lower edge of the gland, the superior mesenteric artery goes down and to the right. Together with the superior mesenteric vein located to the right of it, it runs along the anterior surface of the horizontal (ascending) part of the duodenum, crosses it across immediately to the right of the duodenojejunal flexure. Having reached the root of the mesentery of the small intestine, the superior mesenteric artery penetrates between the leaves of the latter, forming an arch convex to the left, and reaches the right iliac fossa.

Along its course, the superior mesenteric artery gives off the following branches: to the small intestine (with the exception of the upper part of the duodenum), to the cecum with the vermiform appendix, ascending and partially to the transverse colon.

The following arteries arise from the superior mesenteric artery.

1. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, a. pancreaticoduodenalis inferior (sometimes not single), originates from the right edge of the initial section of the superior mesenteric artery. Divides into the anterior branch, r. anterior, and posterior branch, r. posterior, which go down and to the right along the anterior surface of the pancreas, bend around its head along the border with the duodenum. Gives branches to the pancreas and duodenum; anastomoses with the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries and with branches of a. gastroduodenalis.

2. Jejunal arteries, aa. jejunales, 7 - 8 in total, depart sequentially one after another from the convex part of the arch of the superior mesenteric artery, and are directed between the layers of the mesentery to the loops of the jejunum. On its way, each branch is divided into two trunks, which anastomose with the same trunks formed from the division of neighboring intestinal arteries.

3. Ileointestinal arteries, aa. ileales, in the amount of 5 - 6, like the previous ones, are directed to the loops of the ileum and, dividing into two trunks, anastomose with adjacent intestinal arteries. Such anastomoses of intestinal arteries have the form of arcs. New branches extend from these arcs, which also divide, forming arcs of the second order (slightly smaller in size). From the arches of the second order, arteries again depart, which, dividing, form arches of the third order, etc. From the last, most distal row of arches, straight branches extend directly to the walls of the loops of the small intestine. In addition to intestinal loops, these arches give rise to small branches that supply blood to the mesenteric lymph nodes.

4. Ileocolic artery, a. ileocolica, arises from the cranial half of the superior mesenteric artery. Heading to the right and down under the parietal peritoneum of the posterior wall abdominal cavity to the end of the ileum and to the cecum, the artery divides into branches supplying blood to the cecum, the beginning of the colon and the terminal ileum.

A number of branches arise from the ileocolic artery:

a) the ascending artery goes to the right to the ascending colon, rises along its medial edge and anastomoses (forms an arch) with the right colon artery, a. Colica dextra. The colonic branches extend from this arch, rr. colici, supplying blood to the ascending colon and the upper part of the cecum;

b) anterior and posterior cecal arteries, aa. cecales anterior et posterior, are directed to the corresponding surfaces of the cecum. Are a continuation of a. ileocolica, approach the ileocecal angle, where, connecting with the terminal branches of the ileal arteries, they form an arch from which branches extend to the cecum and to end section ileum, - ileointestinal branches, rr. ileales;

c) arteries of the appendix, aa. appendiculares, arise from the posterior caecum artery between the layers of the mesentery of the appendix; supply blood to the vermiform appendix.

5. Right colonic artery. a. colica dextra, leaves with right side from the superior mesenteric artery, in its upper third, at the level of the root of the mesentery of the transverse colon, and is directed almost transversely to the right, to the medial edge of the ascending colon. Before reaching the ascending colon, it is divided into ascending and descending branches. The descending branch connects to branch a. ileocolica, and the ascending branch anastomoses with the right branch of a. Colica media. From the arches formed by these anastomoses branches extend to the wall of the ascending colon, to the right flexure of the colon and to the transverse colon.

6. Middle colonic artery, a. colica media, departs from the initial section of the superior mesenteric artery, goes forward and to the right between the leaves of the mesentery of the transverse colon and is divided at the bottom of the branch: right and left.

The right branch connects to the ascending branch a. colica dextra, and the left branch runs along the mesenteric edge of the transverse colon and anastomoses with the ascending branch of a. colica sinistra, which arises from the inferior mesenteric artery. Connecting in this way with the branches of neighboring arteries, the middle colonic artery forms arches. From the branches of these arches, arches of the second and third order are formed, which give direct branches to the walls of the transverse colon, to the right and left bends of the colon.

III. Inferior mesenteric artery, a. mesenterica inferior, originates from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta at the level of the lower edge of the third lumbar vertebra. The artery runs retroperitoneally to the left and down and divides into three branches.

1. Left colic artery, a. colica sinistra, lies retroperitoneally in the left mesenteric sinus in front of the left ureter and the left testicular (ovarian) artery, a. testicularis (ovarica) sinistra; is divided into ascending and descending branches. The ascending branch anastomoses with the left branch of the middle colic artery, forming an arch; supplies blood to the left part of the transverse colon and the left flexure of the colon. The descending branch joins the sigmoid artery and supplies the descending colon.

2. Sigmoid-colic artery, a. sigmoidea (sometimes there are several of them), goes down first retroperitoneally, and then between the layers of the mesentery of the sigmoid colon; anastomoses with the branches of the left colic artery and the superior rectal artery, forming arches from which branches supplying the sigmoid colon arise.

3. Superior rectal artery, a. rectalis superior, is the terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery; heading down, it divides into two branches. One branch anastomoses with the branch of the sigmoid artery and supplies the lower parts of the sigmoid colon. The other branch goes to the pelvic cavity and crosses a. iliaca communis sinistra and, lying in the mesentery of the pelvic part of the sigmoid colon, is divided into right and left branches that supply blood to the ampulla of the rectum. In the intestinal wall they anastomose with the middle rectal artery, a. rectalis media, branch of the internal iliac artery, a. iliaca interna.

IV. Middle adrenal artery, a. suprarenalis media, steam room, extends from the side wall of the upper aorta, slightly below the origin of the mesenteric artery. It is directed transversely outward, crosses the crus of the diaphragm and approaches the adrenal gland, in the parenchyma of which it anastomoses with the branches of the superior and inferior adrenal arteries.

V. Renal artery, a. renalis, - paired large artery. It starts from the lateral wall of the aorta at the level of the second lumbar vertebra, almost at a right angle to the aorta, 1-2 cm below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. The right renal artery is slightly longer than the left, since the aorta lies to the left of the midline; heading towards the kidney, it is located behind the inferior vena cava.

Before reaching the hilum of the kidney, each renal artery gives off a small inferior adrenal artery, a. suprarenalis inferior, which, having penetrated the adrenal parenchyma, anastomoses with the branches of the middle and superior adrenal arteries.

In the region of the renal hilum, the renal artery divides into anterior and posterior branches.

Anterior branch, r. anterior, enters the renal gate, passing in front of the renal pelvis, and branches, sending arteries to the four segments of the kidneys: the artery of the upper segment, a. segmenti superioris, - to the upper; artery of the upper anterior segment, a. segmenti anterior superioris, - to the upper anterior; artery of the lower anterior segment, a. segmenti anterior is inferioris, - to the lower anterior and artery of the lower segment, a. segmenti inferioris, - to the lower. Posterior branch, r. posterior, the renal artery passes behind the renal pelvis and, heading to the posterior segment, gives off the ureteric branch, r. uretericus, which can arise from the renal artery itself, is divided into posterior and anterior branches.

VI. Testicular artery, a. testicularis, paired, thin, departs (sometimes right and left by a common trunk) from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, slightly below the renal artery. It goes down and laterally, runs along the psoas major muscle, crosses the ureter on its way, and above the arcuate line - the external iliac artery. Along the way, it gives branches to the fatty capsule of the kidney and to the ureter - ureteric branches, rr. ureterici. Next it goes to the deep inguinal ring and, here joining the vas deferens, passes through the inguinal canal into the scrotum and breaks up into a number of small branches going into the parenchyma of the testicle and its epididymis - branches of the epididymis, rr. epididymales.

Along its course it anastomoses with a. cremasterica (branch of a. epigastrica inferior and with a. ductus deferentis (branch of a. iliaca interna).

In women, the corresponding testicular artery is the ovarian artery, a. ovarica, gives off a number of ureteral branches, rr. ureterici, and then passes between the leaves of the broad ligament of the uterus, along its free edge, and gives off branches to the fallopian tube - tubal branches, rr. tubales, and into the gate of the ovary. The terminal branch of the ovarian artery anastomoses with the ovarian branch of the uterine artery.

(a. sacralis mediana, PNA) see List of anat. terms.

- Front view. common iliac artery; internal iliac artery; external iliac artery; inferior epigastric artery; femoral vein; external genital arteries...
Atlas of Human Anatomy
- Back view. Gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor muscles thumb moans are cut off and removed. tendon gap; popliteal fossa; popliteal artery; lateral superior genicular artery...
Atlas of Human Anatomy
Big medical dictionary
- B. on the lateral parts of the sacrum; place of attachment of muscles and ligaments...
Large medical dictionary
- see List of anat. terms...
Large medical dictionary
- see List of anat. terms...
Large medical dictionary
- see List of anat. terms...
Large medical dictionary
- K., located in the midline of the neck, arising from the reduced thyroid-lingual duct...
Large medical dictionary
- see Lefort-Neugebauer operation...
Large medical dictionary
- an area corresponding to the borders of the sacrum and including the medial sections of the left and right gluteal regions...
Large medical dictionary
- L. with an incision in the longitudinal direction with a dissection of the white line of the abdomen...
Large medical dictionary
- see List of anat. terms...
Large medical dictionary
- 1) forearm - a depression in the lower part of the forearm between the tendons of the flexor carpi radialis and the superficial flexor digitorum, formed after abduction of the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle...
Large medical dictionary
- surface equidistant from the outer surfaces of the shell or plate - middle surface - střednicová plocha - Mittelfläche - középfelület - dungeon gadarguu - powierzchnia środkowa - suprafaţă mediană - srednja površina - plano medio - middle surface -...
Construction dictionary
- occurs when two glaciers merge due to lateral moraines. Refers to surface moraines...
Geological encyclopedia
- that part of the body of vertebrates where the pelvis articulates with the spine. It got its name from the sacrum, formed by the fusion of several vertebrae or consisting of several individual vertebrae...
encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Euphron

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