The use of modern computer information technologies as one of the main conditions for the effective operation of enterprises. Basic concepts, principles and methods of automation. A set of methods and methods for collecting, transmitting, and accumulating information.

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Automated information processing and control system (ASOPI)

Introduction

The use of modern computer information technologies is one of the main conditions for the effective operation of enterprises. Computers are widely used for automated information processing in science, education, industry, agriculture and other industries. In the energy industry, automated information processing and control systems (APICS) operate at various levels of management of energy facilities: they collect, digitally process and store signals and processes, transmit information through various communication channels, and are used in expert diagnostic systems, for modeling and decision-making.

In this work I will consider the main methods of automation and transformation of information, the creation and implementation of ASKUE, ASOIU, automated workplace.

Basic concepts, principles and methods of automation

Automation in general is a set of actions and measures of a technical, organizational and economic nature, which makes it possible to reduce the degree of participation or completely eliminate the direct participation of a person in the implementation of a particular function of the production process or management process.

Automated information technology (AIT) is a set of methods and methods for collecting, transmitting, accumulating, storing, searching and processing information based on the use of computer technology and communications. The main task of modern information technologies for organizational management is the timely provision of reliable, in the required amount of information to specialists and managers for making informed management decisions. computer information automation

Automated information system (AIS) is a human-machine system with automated technology for obtaining the resultant information necessary for information services to specialists and optimization of the management process in various spheres of human activity.

Carrying out automation of the work of economic services implies the construction of some kind of automated control system based on AIS. An automated control system (ACS) is a control system built on the basis of the use of computer technology, economic and mathematical methods and information technology.

Mass design of AIS required the development of unified theoretical principles, methodological approaches to their creation and operation, without which the interaction of various economic objects and their normal functioning in a complex national economic complex is impossible.

Scientific and methodological provisions and practical recommendations for the design of automated systems have now emerged as the fundamental principles of creating an automated information system: consistency, development, compatibility, standardization and unification, efficiency.

The principle of consistency is the most important in the creation, operation and development of AIS. It allows you to approach the object under study as a single whole; on this basis, identify diverse types of connections between structural elements that ensure the integrity of the system; establish the directions of production and economic activity of the system and the specific functions it implements. The systematic approach involves conducting a two-aspect analysis, called macro and micro approaches.

In macroanalysis, a system or its element is considered as part of a higher order system. Particular attention is paid to information connections: their number is established, those connections that are determined by the purpose of studying the system are identified and analyzed, and then the most preferable ones are selected that implement the given target function. In microanalysis, the structure of an object is studied, its constituent elements are analyzed from the point of view of their functional characteristics, manifested through connections with other elements and the external environment. In the process of designing an AIS, the systems approach allows the use of a mathematical description of the functioning, the study of various properties of individual elements and the system as a whole, and the modeling of the processes being studied to analyze the operation of newly created systems.

AIS control is characterized by a multi-level hierarchy with vertically subordinate elements (subsystems). The advantages of hierarchical structures have contributed to their widespread use in management systems. Thus, the hierarchical structure creates relative freedom of action over individual elements for each level of the system and the possibility of various combinations of local optimality criteria with the global optimality criterion for the functioning of the system as a whole. It provides relative flexibility of the control system and the ability to adapt to changing conditions; increases reliability due to the possibility of introducing elemental redundancy and streamlining the directions of information flows.

The practical significance of the systems approach and modeling is that it allows, in a form accessible for analysis, not only to reflect everything essential that interests the creator of the system, but also to use a computer to study the behavior of the system in specific, specified conditions. Therefore, the creation of AIS is currently based on a modeling method based on a systems approach, which makes it possible to find the optimal variant of the system structure and thereby ensure the greatest efficiency of its functioning.

Creation and implementation of ASKUE

Currently, the creation or modernization of automated systems for commercial metering of electricity (ASCAE) is a mandatory requirement when working in the wholesale electricity market.

To comply with the procedure for accounting for electrical energy and power supplied to an enterprise and accounting for all tariff groups of consumers established in the contract for the use of electrical energy, the developed automated systems for commercial metering of electricity (ASCAE) have to be placed directly with consumers and complex hierarchical structures must be created.

The development of technical projects for the automation of electrical energy and power metering for industrial enterprises is impossible without careful consideration of the issues of selection, placement and installation of ASKUE technical means, devices for collecting and transmitting information, and this should, as a rule, be carried out by employees of specialized industry design institutes.

Despite the fact that automated systems for commercial metering of electricity are created on the basis of standard metering devices, the unified "Standard technical requirements for means of automation of control and metering of electricity and power for ASKUE of power systems", approved by RAO "UES of Russia" on October 11, 1994, their use for financial settlements for consumed electrical energy and power for each enterprise has its own specific features. In this regard, in the design work, special attention is paid to the development of the section “The procedure for determining the consumption of electricity and power for settlements with the consumer of the ASKUE”.

An important element of information collection is dispatch control of actual electricity consumption and tracking deviations from the schedule.

The system, which may be widely used in the future, is a hierarchical structure where the number of levels is practically unlimited. Wired, fiber optic and wireless technologies are used as communication systems. To meet the needs of various objects, you need a single base software that has equal levels of functionality, reliability and security. It is also necessary to have several platforms that allow you to adapt the system to a specific object. Next, it is necessary to make the transition to systems focused on meters with new interfaces that have appeared from a number of manufacturers.

One of the most important areas of activity for equipment manufacturing companies should be the development of a multifunctional meter. This device must combine the functions of a 0.2S class electricity meter, a telemetry sensor, a power quality meter and analyzer and a digital oscilloscope. In addition, the device must keep an event log, which will solve most of the problems currently facing market participants in the field of commercial and technical accounting.

Automated processing systeminformation and management (ASOIU)

The basis of the electric power industry is an integrated energy system that carries out the technological process of electricity production, transport and distribution.

The main aspect of management is operational control of operating modes (operational - current). The main task is reliability of supply.

ASOIU as a system consists of a large number of elements at various levels and for various purposes. These include subsystems, modules, control units, tasks, management procedures, functions, operations, etc. Basic systems, as a rule, are hierarchical structures, ultimately consisting of elementary management procedures intended for inclusion in the automated control system.

Integration involves combining and coordinating management functions and procedures so that the optimization of its behavior is ensured during the enterprise management process.

Integration is manifested in all functional and supporting subsystems without exception.

In the technical support subsystem, these are local computer networks and ensuring communication between the enterprise and the external environment through global networks. In the information support subsystem, this is the maintenance of databases controlled by a DBMS. The integration of mathematical software is manifested, first of all, in the coordination of inputs and outputs of mathematical models, the integration of various models (for example, forecasting and planning), the integrity and consistency of the system of mathematical models. Software integration is manifested in the fact that it is built in the form of a complex and at the same time flexible software package that allows you to execute programs in the required sequence and in the required combinations. Integrated ASOIU, built on the basis of one basic one, takes the enterprise to a new level of integration of organizational support due to the unification of the user interface. This effect is especially noticeable in large automated control systems, where a new system replaces hundreds of old local systems. The practical result of the transition to a new system is a uniform enterprise-wide standard for how users interact with the system.

The main reason why automated systems are created at enterprises is functional integration. Enterprise management systems, production automation, product design automation and technological processes are combined into integrated computer production.

A unified computer system allows for mutual transparency of systems. For example, already at the design stage it is possible to simulate the possible impact of design and technological solutions on the production process.

The system is integrated with objects and systems located outside the enterprise. Integration between subsystems is the first step towards integration within. It is expressed in the exchange of data between subsystems. Often this data initiates events and processes in other subsystems.

Flexibility in the implementation of specific control structures gives rise to new aspects in the integration of the functions of the base system, since the composition of the functions included in the subsystems of a particular automated control system may not completely coincide with the functional content of the subsystems of the base system.

ASOIU is built with a focus on managing the production process as a single whole, and not on automating the activities of individual departments involved in management. Thus, comprehensive management automation helps to overcome barriers between various management services.

Workplace automation (AWS)

With the help of the implementation of AIS, comprehensive management accounting and analysis of the production and economic activities of the enterprise is organized, and the reliability and efficiency of the information received and used in management and analysis is achieved.

Prerequisites for automation of work are:

· successful computerization of management departments of the enterprise;

· the presence of a local computer network connecting users’ computers and providing access to common databases;

· implementation of an automated production resource planning system, which allows the use of management accounting data for analysis and forecasting of production and economic activities.

Typically, information is subject to some transformation procedures, but in some cases some procedures may be missing. The sequence of their implementation also varies, and some procedures may be repeated. The composition of the transformation procedures and the features of their implementation largely depend on the enterprise itself, which carries out automated information processing.

Performing basic procedures for converting information includes some mandatory steps: collection and registration, transfer, processing of information .

When collecting and recording information, special importance is attached to the reliability, completeness and timeliness of primary information. At an enterprise, information is collected and recorded when performing various operations; the collection of information must be accompanied by its registration, i.e. fixing information on a material medium (document, computer medium), entering it into a computer. Entry into primary documents is carried out manually, so collection and registration procedures remain the most labor-intensive.

In conditions of partial automation of management - the state expected after the implementation of AIS, special attention is paid to the use of technical means of collecting and recording information, combining operations of quantitative measurement, registration, accumulation and transmission of information through communication channels, input directly into a computer to generate the necessary documents or accumulation of received data in the system.

The transfer of information is carried out in various ways: using a courier, sending by mail, delivery by vehicles, remote transmission via communication channels using other means of communication. Remote transmission via communication channels reduces data transmission time, but its implementation requires special technical means, which increases the cost of the transmission process. It is preferable to use technical means of collection and registration, which, automatically collecting information from sensors installed at workplaces, transfer it to a computer for subsequent processing, which increases its reliability and reduces labor intensity.

Both primary information from the places of its origin and the resulting information in the opposite direction are transmitted remotely. Information is received via communication channels at the processing center in two ways: on computer media or directly entered into a computer using special software and hardware.

Information processing is carried out on a computer, decentralized, in places where primary information occurs, where automated workstations for specialists of a particular service are organized.

Processing can be carried out not only autonomously, but also in computer networks, using a set of software tools and information arrays to solve functional problems.

In the course of solving problems on a computer, in accordance with the machine program, result summaries are generated, which are printed by machine on paper or displayed on the screen. Printing summaries may be accompanied by a replication procedure if a document with the resulting information needs to be provided to several users.

It is planned to use decentralized means of collecting and preprocessing data, which is achieved using client-server technology, which allows the system to function in multitasking and multi-user mode.

The resulting automated analysis should include the following functions:

· analysis of the enterprise's activities;

· analysis of the use of production resources;

· analysis of financial consequences;

· feasibility study;

· balance forecast;

· cash flow forecast.

During the design of AIS analysis, the following work is carried out:

The composition of indicators necessary to solve problems, their space-time characteristics and information connections are determined;

Various classifiers and codes are being developed; the possibility of using national classifiers is being studied;

The possibility of using a unified documentation system to reflect indicators is identified, forms of new primary documents adapted to the requirements of machine processing are designed;

An information fund is being organized; the composition of the database and its organization are determined; forms for outputting processing results are designed.

When creating an automated information analysis system, the following work is performed:

· The composition of tasks and a system of indicators for each level of processing (individual workstations, local computer networks, distributed networks) are determined.

· The composition and methods of information exchange between different levels of processing are established.

· An information fund is being created and distributed among processing levels.

· Various forms of information input on a computer are created, taking into account multi-level data processing.

· Issues of using various types of classifiers are considered and the compilation of local information classifiers is provided.

· Various forms of information output are created.

· Issues of information and reference services for users and the construction of standard request forms are being developed.

· Automated information technology is being created to ensure direct user contact with the computer.

· Issues of organizing computerized office work for management activities and control over the execution of documents are being studied.

· Information interaction with the external environment is created based on the organization of e-mail.

Thus, automation of analysis work is carried out in a complex, as an integral part of a unified automated information system of the enterprise, which also includes an automated production resource planning system.

In general, automation of work will allow managers and specialists of the enterprise to quickly receive the necessary analytical information, have a real understanding of the processes occurring in the enterprise, quickly make the necessary decisions, provide support for management decisions, carry out close integration of departments, and pursue a production policy aimed at continuous improvement of performance. .

Conclusion

To build an information system that includes modules for drawing up a production schedule, planning the needs of materials and components, planning production capacities, monitoring the progress of production, and economic analysis, the enterprise has all the necessary prerequisites: a developed automated control system department, successful computerization of the management departments of the enterprise, availability of a local computer network.

As a tool for managing production resources, use an automated information system that allows you to achieve some improvements in the field of planning, analysis, management of material flows inside and outside the enterprise, optimize the turnover of materials and components, save money on inventory, and funds invested in unfinished projects, ensure the necessary control over the progress of the production process will reduce the required number of jobs occupied by management personnel.

Bibliography

1. Management information technologies: textbook.

Provalov V.S. - Flint; MPSI, 2008 - 386 p.

2. Information systems and management technologies: textbook, ed. G.A. Titorenko - UNITY-DANA, 2012 - 275 p.

3. Information systems and technologies. edited by Yu.F. Telnova - UNITY-DANA, 2012 - 263 p.

4. Pyavchenko T.A., Finaev V.I. Automated information and control systems. - Taganrog: Publishing House Publishing House

5. Technological Institute of Southern Federal University, 2007. - 271 p. Management in complex systems: Scientific publication / Ufa State Aviation Technical University. - Ufa: 2009. - 224 p.

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“Basic concepts of control of automated information processing and control systems”

Automated information processing and control systems (ASOPI) - a field of science and technology that includes a wide range of means, methods and methods of activity aimed at developing technical, information, software, mathematical, linguistic, ergonomic, organizational and legal support for the named systems, as well as the structure of the systems as a whole.

He must know and be able to use basic mathematical concepts and methods, mathematical models of processes in natural science and technology, probabilistic models for analysis and quantitative assessments of specific processes, basic concepts of information science and computer technology, patterns of information processes in control systems, operating principles of technical and software means, basic techniques for processing experimental data.

From the point of view of general professional disciplines, an engineer in the field of automated systems must have an understanding of:

- about the basic laws of the functioning of systems and the possibility of their system analysis;
- about modern methods of research, optimization and design of ASOIU;
- on the use of the basic principles of control theory in various fields of science and technology;

Under automated information processing and management system is understood as a set of economic and mathematical methods, organizational measures, information and technical means that ensure the collection, transmission, processing and presentation of results on the activities of any object, enterprise, division.

- about the possibilities of information technologies and their application in industry, scientific research, organizational management and other areas;
- about the current state and trends in the development of computer architectures, computer systems and networks, about the architecture and capabilities of microprocessor tools;
- about modern algorithmic languages, about the problems and directions of development of programming technology, about the basic methods and means of automating software design, about methods of organizing work in software development teams.

Information in ASOIU can be classified according to several criteria.

Based on the nature of the change, information can be classified as follows:

· conditionally constant, changing its quantitative characteristics occasionally;
· a variable that quickly changes its quantitative characteristics during processing.

An example of conditionally permanent information is planned and regulatory indicators, prices, and the cost of fixed assets.

Let's consider the classification of information according to the method of use in the system:

· input information,
· output information.

Input information submit source documents. The entered information can, in turn, be divided into basic and current (operational). The basic one is formed on the basis of input information and is stored during the entire operation of the ASOIU, undergoing correction and replenishment if necessary. The base includes planned performance indicators of the managed process or object. Operational information is generated on the basis of constantly arriving source data and is regularly used for processing.

The quality of management depends entirely on the completeness and reliability of the source data.

Output information is the result of logical and mathematical processing of basic information. It is presented in the form of documents reflecting the state of the managed process, and in the form of commands sent to the executive bodies.

In addition to the basic information (databases) characterizing the problem being solved, the information support includes the so-called service information: arrays of reference information, dictionaries that simplify the process of communication between the user and the system, as well as an information coding system.

It is useful to consider the concept of “data” and how to organize it. On the one hand, the data is characterized by details. The props contain two groups of information: basis and attributes. The basis is related to quantitative assessment. An example of a basis is price, quantity of material, final indicators. Signs express qualitative properties and characterize the processes by which they were obtained: names of materials, works, grade, size, storage warehouse, date of receipt.

Data can be presented in two ways:

* specific quantities - constants that do not change values in the process of solving the problem;
* in generalized form as variables.

A variable is a named data whose value may change during the process of solving a problem or when solving it repeatedly.

Data processed in a computer differ in the set of permissible values and types of operations that can be performed on them. These two characteristics determine the type of the given. There are numeric, symbolic, logical and date data types.

Numeric data accept signed or unsigned numeric values. The operations that are allowed on numerical data and implemented in a computer can be divided into two groups. The first group consists of arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation. The result of their execution is a number. The second group includes operations comparing two quantities (relational operations): greater than, greater than or equal to, less than, less than or equal to, equal to, not equal to. The result of their execution is the logical value TRUE (true) if the condition is true, and FALSE (false) otherwise.

Character data takes values as a sequence of any characters.

Note. Typically, character data is highlighted with special characters (for example, `hello').

It is permissible to perform the following operations on character data:

- comparison operation “equals”, as a result of which the value TRUE or FALSE is formed;
- the operation of concatenating two character data into one.

Logical data takes one of two possible values (TRUE, FALSE).

Valid operations on logical data are operations of the algebra of logic: negation, disjunction, conjunction (see section 3).

Data of the “date” type accept date values represented in the computer in the form MM/DD/YY or DD/MM/YY, where MM is the two-digit number of the month in the year, DD is the number, YY is the last two digits of the year.

The following operations can be performed on data of this type:

- arithmetic - addition, subtraction (an integer can be added to a date or subtracted from a date - the number of days), the result of which is a date;
- an operation of comparing two dates, the result of which, of course, is the logical value TRUE or FALSE.

Let's look at ways to organize data. It is possible to organize data into arrays, structures, lists.

ASOIU software includes system software in the form of an operating system (OS), application software (for example, database management systems, table processors), as well as specialized software aimed at solving a specific class of problems.

An OS is understood as a set of programs that supports the functioning of a computer, freeing the user from allocating resources and controlling their use for the purpose of storing and managing data, optimally performing several tasks in parallel (including taking into account the priority of their execution), and using input/output devices.

There are the following processing modes for user programs: batch, dialog mode and real-time mode. The latter, as mentioned above, is a control mode for real processes.

As a rule, automated information processing and control systems are a complex complex of parallel operating subsystems that occupy a certain place in the overall control chain. Complex problems are expediently decomposed into smaller subtasks (“divide-and-concuer” - “divide and conquer”). At the same time, the choice of decomposition into subtasks - structuring the problem statement - is one of the most important steps in the design of an automated control system. Each subsystem has its own control area with independent inputs and outputs. The results of solving problems of one subsystem serve as initial data or restrictions for the performance of functions by another subsystem.

Multi-level systems provide for both vertical and horizontal information links. Based on interaction, a distinction is made between monohierarchical and polyhierarchical multi-level systems. In the first, only radial information transmission lines are implemented. In Fig. Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a single-level automated information processing and control system.

The following figures show block diagrams of multi-level automated information processing and control systems. They differ in the nature of the lines of communication between the sources of information and the centralized point of its processing. There are radial (Fig. 3), main or chain (Fig. 4), tree-like (Fig. 5) and hierarchical, that is, mixed structures (Fig. 6). As the number of managed objects increases, the structure of the automated control system also becomes more complex. The most characteristic are chain and tree structures. With a chain structure, the subsystems are dispersed along the communication line. This design principle is typical for transport and other systems.

When choosing the structure of the ASOIU, you should be guided by the following principles:

· minimizing the number of hierarchy levels and communication lines,
· providing the simplest schemes of interaction between system elements.

But at the same time, it is necessary to comply with the condition of complete independence of each of the subsystems.

In Fig. Figure 7 shows a more detailed block diagram of the automated information processing and control system.

Let's consider the essence of each of the components.

Information base is a collection of data, namely arrays of processed information, dictionaries and arrays of reference information.

Software should be considered as a set of system software that controls the functioning of the computer, application software that implements the processes of text processing, maintaining databases, and processing tabular information. In addition, each automated control system is characterized by specialized software that implements control procedures.

Organizational component unites people whose joint activities, on the basis of certain rules and procedures, are aimed at achieving management goals. It regulates the flow of information in the system, the timing of information submission in accordance with the network management schedule.

Software is based on the theory of automatic control and is a set of mathematical methods and algorithms for implementing a task on a computer.

Technical support is based primarily on computer technology, and is also represented by telecommunications means of receiving and transmitting information, equipment for interfaces with communication lines, means of documenting information, and devices for human interaction with a computer.

The following requirements apply to the technical support of ASOIU:

- ensuring the necessary throughput (response time to a user request should not exceed two to three seconds);
- unity of the information base of all users of the system with the right of collective access to it and at the same time ensuring the protection of information from unauthorized access;
- interactive mode of human interaction with the system;
- possibility of system development;
- ability to work online.

Methodological support presented with documentation reflecting the composition and functioning of the ASOIU.

Let's consider basic functionality of automated information processing and control systems.

These include:

1. Collection of information.
2. Data processing: carrying out calculations, sorting information.
3. Search for information using standard queries.
4. Issuance of certificates on all indicators characterizing the information being processed.
5. Generation of information and analytical data for human decision-making necessary at various stages of management and planning.

Automated information processing and control systems - human-machine systems. A person participates in decision making based on the analysis and evaluation of the information received. ASOIU should always be focused on the general user (a specialist in his professional activity) and have a dialog interface that involves the implementation of the following modes:

· “question-answer” mode with the initiative to ask questions at the computer,
· extensive use of hints,
· providing the user with various menus with the right to choose one of the positions.

There are three levels of communication between a person and a computer:

- logical,
- relational,
- level of knowledge representation.

Information issues are dealt with by a special branch of knowledge - information theory, which studies the processes by which relevant information can be collected and transmitted through communication channels. In this case, information is assessed using quantitative characteristics, as a rule, without taking into account the meaning of the transmitted information.

The main problem that arises with this approach to assessing information is the creation of the most effective forms of transmitting information while maintaining reliability.

The information message consists of symbols , specified by an alphabet of letters and numbers. If a message contains N characters, then the number of possible different states in this message is L = MN. When using the binary number system, a bit is used as a unit of information - one binary digit. To measure information, a byte is used - eight binary digits sufficient to represent the codes of all characters of the alphabet used in the binary number system. Coding significantly reduces the total amount of information used in the system and, accordingly, the memory required to store it.

Basic information processes , characteristic of ASOIU can be formulated as follows:

· identification of information,
· transfer of information,
· data storage,
· information processing,
· presentation of information,
· generation of new information as a result of management measures taken.

The introduction of automated information processing and management systems is associated with a large amount of work on studying information flows, formalizing operations, unifying primary documents, and eliminating their duplication.

Analyzing information processes, it should be noted that one of the first tasks solved when creating an automated information management system is the typification of documents, which is associated with the selection of a minimum number of indicators from which, through appropriate processing, information sufficient to achieve a result can be obtained.

In connection with the multi-level ASOI system, the problem of information aggregation arises, which is associated with the hierarchical nature of management: different information is needed to make a decision at each level. At the highest level they deal with generalized information, at the lower level they deal with detailed indicators.

Analysis of information flows in ASOIU shows that, along with the necessary information, there is a large proportion of redundant information. The urgent task is to highlight essential information and reduce the share of redundant information.

An automated information processing and management system is understood as a set of economic and mathematical methods, organizational measures, information and technical means that ensure the collection, transmission, processing and presentation of results on the activities of any object, enterprise, division.

Automated information processing and control systems belong to the class of human-machine systems, and their development in each specific area of application follows the line of increasing the role of computers both in the field of decision-making and in the field of implementation of decisions made.

The limiting case, when responsibility for both the decisions made and their implementation is assigned to the computer, should be considered as a separate field of computer application, namely the field of automatic control in real time. To enable real-time operation, corresponding programming languages and programs must contain time-dependent constructs.

In this case, the computer is used in the feedback loop of some control system, that is, human intervention in the control process is completely eliminated.

So, one should distinguish between the terms “automated” and “automatic”.

Theoretical preparation includes study and knowledge of:

Methodological and regulatory materials on the design and development of computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks); technologies for design and development of computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks); prospects and trends in the development of information technologies; technical characteristics and economic indicators of the best domestic and foreign samples of computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks); procedure, methods and means of protecting intellectual property; methods for analyzing the quality of computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks); modern means of computer technology, communications and communications; basic requirements for labor organization when designing computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks); rules, methods and means of preparing technical documentation; fundamentals of economics, labor organization, production organization and scientific research; basics of labor legislation; rules and regulations of labor protection.

Types of activities of a graduate (who is being trained), what a graduate can do

Practical skills are implemented in the following areas:

design and engineering activities:
development of requirements and specifications for individual components of computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks) based on an analysis of user requests, domain models and capabilities of technical means; designing the architecture of components of hardware and software systems; design of human-machine interface of hardware and software systems; the use of computer technology (CT), programming tools for the effective implementation of hardware and software systems; designing elements of mathematical, linguistic, information and software for computer systems (CS) and automated systems based on modern methods, tools and design technologies, including using computer-aided design systems;
production-technological and service-operational activities:
creation of aircraft components, automated systems and production of programs and software systems of a given quality within a given time frame; testing and debugging of hardware and software systems; diagnostics and troubleshooting, carrying out preventive measures, setting up, adapting objects of professional activity, analyzing the operational characteristics of objects of professional activity, developing proposals for their modification; development of testing programs and methods, testing of computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks); integration of hardware and software, layout of computer systems, complexes and networks; certification of computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks);
research activities:
selection and transformation of mathematical models of phenomena, processes and systems for the purpose of their effective software and hardware implementation and their research using computer technology; selection of mathematical models, methods, computer technologies and decision support systems in scientific research, design and engineering activities, management of technological, economic, social systems and in humanitarian areas of human activity; analysis, theoretical and experimental research of methods, algorithms, programs, hardware and software complexes and systems; assessment of the reliability and quality of functioning of the design object; creation and research of mathematical and software models of computing and information processes related to the functioning of objects of professional activity; development of plans, programs and methods for researching software and hardware systems; development and improvement of formal models and methods used in the creation of computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks);
organizational and managerial activities:
organization of individual stages of the development process of computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks) with a given quality within a given time frame; assessment, control and management of the development process of computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks); selection of technology, tools and VT tools when organizing the process of development and research of computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks); training of personnel within the framework of the accepted organization of the process of developing computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks);
operational activities:
installation, configuration and maintenance of system, instrumental and application software, aircraft and automated systems; support of software products, aircraft and automated systems; selection of methods and means for measuring the operational characteristics of computer-based systems (computers, complexes and networks), organization of the work of the primary team of performers; organizing the work of a structural unit of an organization or the organization as a whole.

Basic disciplines

The specialist training program includes the study of five cycles of disciplines:

GSE - general humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines (economics, law, sociology, etc.);
EN - general mathematical and natural science disciplines (mathematics, programming, systems theory and system analysis, etc.);
OPD - general professional disciplines (Information management, operating systems, databases, information technologies, etc.);
SD - special disciplines, including specialization disciplines (for example, theoretical foundations of automated control, system modeling, programming technology, system software, network technologies, artificial intelligence systems, etc.);
FTD - optional disciplines.

Possible areas of activity for graduates

Engineer; software engineer; Leading software engineer, electronics engineer (electronics engineer); Lead Engineer; automated control systems engineer; Leading Engineer, Task Engineer; network administrator; logistics engineer; Lead Engineer; team leader; head of the automated control system department; head of the automated control system department; head of the information and computing center; deputy head of the enterprise for information support; head of the enterprise.

Examples of graduate employment

LLC "LUKOIL - Western Siberia", Tyumen region, LLC "OSK "Grad", Samara, OJSC "Samara Diagnostic Center", Samara, LLC "EPAM Systems", Samara, LLC "Software Technologies", Samara, Quality Softwear Systems LLC, Samara, BIT Business and Technologies LLC, Samara, Samara branch of Raiffeisenbank CJSC, Volga Region Information Analytical Center Inform-S LLC, Electronics Plus LLC, Samara, OJSC Confectionery Association RUSSIA, FSUE RUSSIAN POST OSP Samara Post Office, Samara Automobiles-M LLC, Zheleznaya Logika LLC, Samara, SVET Firm LLC, Samara, CJSC WebZavod, Samara, OJSC Samaraneftekhimproekt, CJSC ER-Telecom Company, etc.

Companies with which the department cooperates, communication with enterprises where internships take place

JSC "Kraft-S"
CJSC AvtovazBank
OJSC KB "Solidarity"
TsSKB "Progress"
OJSC "ER-Telecom"
Microsoft Company
D-Link Company
SoftLine IT Academy
Department of the Federal Service for Social Protection of the Samara Region model training center
CJSC "Garant-Service Samara"
Fujitsu Siemens Computers LLC Regional information center of the all-Russian legal information dissemination network ConsultantPlus
STC AvtoVAZ, Togliatti and others. CJSC "Kraft-S"

INTRODUCTION

I. BASIC CONCEPTS OF CONTROL AND AUTOMATED INFORMATION PROCESSING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

1.1. Basic Management Concepts

1.2. Basic concepts of automated information processing and control systems

1.3. History of the development of automated information processing and control systems

II. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ASOIU

III. FUNCTIONALITY OF AUTOMATED INFORMATION PROCESSING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

IV. METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING ASOIU

V. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED INFORMATION PROCESSING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

VI. CLASSES OF AUTOMATED INFORMATION PROCESSING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

6.1. Classification by type of problem to be solved

6.2. Classification of control automation tasks according to the method of information service

6.3. Classification of control automation tasks based on the principle of information transformation

VII. INFORMATION PROCESSES IN ASOIU

VIII. METHODOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES FOR DESIGNING ASOIU

IX. INFORMATION SUPPORT OF ASOIU

X. ASOIU SOFTWARE

XI. MATHEMATICAL SUPPORT ASOIU

XII. TECHNICAL SUPPORT OF ASOIU

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The specialty “Automated Information Processing and Management Systems” was approved by Order No. 180 of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Higher Education dated March 3, 1994.

Automated information processing and control systems (ASOPI) is a field of science and technology that includes a wide range of means, methods and methods of activity aimed at developing technical, information, software, mathematical, linguistic, ergonomic, organizational and legal support for these systems, as well as structures of systems as a whole.

In accordance with the State educational standard of higher professional education, a specialist in the field of automated information processing and control systems, in accordance with fundamental and special training, can perform such types of professional activities as design, scientific research, and operation in this field. He must know and be able to use basic mathematical concepts and methods, mathematical models of processes in natural science and technology, probabilistic models for analysis and quantitative assessments of specific processes, basic concepts of information science and computer technology, patterns of information processes in control systems, principles of operation of technical and software means, basic techniques for processing experimental data.

From the point of view of general professional disciplines, an engineer in the field of automated systems must have an understanding of:

On the basic laws of the functioning of systems and the possibility of their system analysis;

On modern methods of research, optimization and design of ASOIU;

On the use of the basic principles of control theory in various fields of science and technology;

About the capabilities of information technologies and their application in industry, scientific research, organizational management and other areas;

About the current state and trends in the development of computer architectures, computer systems and networks, about the architecture and capabilities of microprocessor tools;

About modern algorithmic languages, about the problems and directions of development of programming technology, about the main methods and means of automating software design, about methods of organizing work in software development teams.

The specialist should know:

Qualitative and quantitative methods of systems analysis, methods of set-theoretic description of systems;

Fundamentals of the systems approach, formal apparatus for analysis and synthesis of automated systems structures;

Main classes of models and modeling methods, methods of formalization, algorithmization and implementation of models on a computer;

Basic principles of management theory;

Principles of organization and functioning of individual devices and computers as a whole, computer complexes and networks, principles of constructing the architecture of computer systems;

Models, methods and tools used in ASOIU to solve intellectual problems;

Principles of construction and methods for developing expert systems.

As a result, a specialist must be able to:

Formulate and solve problems of designing automated control systems using information technologies;

Construct design solutions and implement them in a given software environment.

/ Automated information processing and control systems (ASOPI)

Information technologies (IT) occupy an important place in all spheres of human life and activity. A special place in the diversity of IT is occupied by automated information processing and management systems (ASOIU), the main purpose of which is the automation of activities related to the storage, transmission and processing of information. Since information is the most important resource in the modern world, automated information systems play a decisive role in any field of activity (accounting, banking, warehouse, administrative and management automated systems). Modern automated information systems rely on the use of local and global networks, processing of graphic, video and audio information, multimedia technology, and artificial intelligence systems. Without this kind of systems it is difficult to imagine a modern enterprise, regardless of the size and direction of activity. This largely determines the existing stable demand in all sectors of the economy for specialists in the field of design, creation and use of automated control systems. This also explains the great interest in this area among young people.

Specialty 230102 "Automated information processing and control systems" - this is a specialty for those who love mathematics and programming, want to be fluent in modern computer technology and software, network technologies of various sizes: from local to corporate and global.

This specialty is included in the general direction of training 230000 "Informatics and computer technology." The direction “Informatics and Computer Science” is a field of science and technology that includes a set of means, methods and methods of human activity aimed at creating and using:

· Computers, systems and networks;

· automated information processing and management systems;

· computer-aided design systems;

· computer software and automated systems.

An engineer in the field of training “Informatics and Computer Science” can perform the following: types of professional activities:

Ø design and engineering;

Ø production and technological;

Ø scientific research;

Ø organizational and managerial;

Ø operational.

Basic disciplines

Junior year students study mathematics and physics, which provide basic fundamental knowledge; computer science, programming and information technology, developing algorithmic thinking and skills in creating your own programs; circuitry, which provides basic knowledge about computer architecture and operating system and an understanding of what is happening inside the computer. In senior years Programming technologies, databases, networks, expert systems, various programming environments, methods of systems theory and system analysis, and system design are studied. Students receive advanced education in the field of system analysis, mathematical methods of information processing, methods of scientific research, design of information systems. It is this cycle that transforms students from computer users into highly qualified specialists capable of developing and improving modern information systems.

All of the listed disciplines include the mandatory use of computers in laboratory classes and independent work of students. In all cycles of disciplines and especially in special disciplines, teachers who took part in and supervised the development of real complex projects of automated systems pass on their practical and theoretical experience and knowledge to students. The organization and content of the educational process is constantly being improved. Every year new sections of disciplines and entire disciplines are introduced, the content of laboratory work is updated, new software is studied and included in the educational process.

The demand for graduates who have completed this specialty increases in proportion to the growth of the computer park, because The level of informatization is becoming one of the significant factors in the development of society.

Many students of the faculty actively participate in departmental scientific research, participate in scientific conferences.

Graduates of the department who have completed their studies with honors can enter the

Engineer of automated information processing and control systems. Automated information processing and control systems. A computer is an electronic machine that can