The deadliest things on our planet.
Death cap - Destroying Angel. The first physical signs of poisoning are usually nausea, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea. After a feeling of slight discomfort, there is a sharp abdominal pain, severe vomiting, intense thirst, and cyanosis of the limbs, as well as yellowness of the eyes and skin as liver damage. The patient remains conscious almost to the end, with brief intervals of loss of consciousness, then coma and death.
Fish dog (Pufferfish). The poison, tetraodontoxin, is found in the ovaries of this fish and is not destroyed by heat treatment. In case of poisoning, speech is difficult, and paralysis of the respiratory system rapidly develops, accompanied by paralysis of the central nervous system. The cause of death is most often convulsions or respiratory arrest, which occur within one to two hours after the poison enters the body.
Castor oil plant - Castor Beans. Signs of poisoning - bitterness in the mouth, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, drowsiness, cyanosis, numbness, impaired microcirculation, blood in the urine, eventually coma, and death; the poisonous agent, even in low concentrations, causes the dissolution of red blood cells, in severe cases, hemorrhages develop throughout the body. Castor oil plants can also lead to premature birth in pregnant women. Autopsies of patients who died from castor-bean poisoning show that vomit and stool contain blood.
Belladonna. All parts of the plant are deadly poisonous, especially its roots, leaves, and berries. The poison paralyzes the parasympathetic nervous system by blocking nerve endings.
Viper Venom... The snake's venom affects the blood and the nervous system, is less toxic when it gets into the mouth than into the blood ... The victim of a viper bite bleeds from the wound, the temperature rises and chills occur. Poisoning is accompanied by swelling or hemorrhages above the elbows or knees. These signs usually appear within two hours of the bite. Then fainting, bleeding from the nose and mouth, loss of vision, followed by loss of consciousness. Death caused by cardiorespiratory disorders is inevitable if the antidote is not administered in time.
Barbados nut or Physical nut... The threat lies in the deceptively pleasant taste of the seeds. However, do not be fooled - each seed contains at least 55 percent of the active substance "Hell oil", which blocks protein synthesis in the intestinal wall and can lead to death.
Hemlock... Signs of poisoning are a gradual loss of coordination, accompanied by a fast and weakened pulse, muscle soreness as they atrophy and eventually die off. Although the mind remains clear, vision is often impaired until the victim dies from paralysis of the lungs. It is believed that Socrates was poisoned with the juice of this particular plant, and not hemlock, as was previously believed.
Cobra venom has mainly neurotoxic effects. His strength is enough to cause the death of a person after the first full bite. In such cases, the death rate can exceed 75 percent. However, taking into account all the peculiarities of the behavior of the king cobra, in general, only 10 percent of the bites become fatal to humans.
Datura. All parts of the plant contain poisonous alkaloids. When it enters the gastrointestinal tract, it affects the nervous system, causing cardiac dysfunction and paralysis.
Lily of the valley. Contains a fairly high concentration of cardiac glycoside, in small doses stimulates the work of a weakened heart muscle, but in case of an overdose it leads to arrhythmias and blockade of the electrical conduction of the heart, which is necessary for its normal contractions. All parts of the plant are poisonous. Poisoning is manifested by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, severe headache. pain and pain in the epigastric region. In severe cases, the rhythm and heart rate are disrupted, and the pulse tends to become rare. Sometimes the nervous system is also affected. This is evidenced by agitation, visual disturbances, convulsions, loss of consciousness.
Aconite It has neurotoxic and cardiotoxic effects. Symptoms of poisoning are nausea, vomiting, numbness of the tongue, lips, cheeks, tips of fingers and toes, a feeling of crawling, a feeling of heat and cold in the extremities. For intoxication with aconite, a transient visual disorder is characteristic - the patient sees objects in green. Salivation is also noted, alternating with dryness of the mouth, thirst, headache, anxiety, convulsive twitching of the muscles of the face and limbs, loss of consciousness. Breathing is quickened, shallow, it may suddenly stop.
Rhododendron. Contain substances of a glucosidic nature - andromedotoxin, ericolin. Andromedotoxin has a local irritant and general narcotic effect, first exciting, then oppressing the central nervous system; strongly upsets the activity of the heart, in a peculiar way, like veratrine, affects the muscle. Poisoning develops very quickly. Often, within a few hours after eating the leaves and branches of the rhododendron, death occurs.
Tubocurarine chloride. White crystalline powder, in traumatology, d-tubocurarine is sometimes used to relax muscles during reposition of fragments, reduction of complex dislocations ... Side effects from the use of tubocurarine are observed only with its overdose; in this case, the patient may develop respiratory failure due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles and, as a result, death.
Rhubarb... Rhubarb can be eaten only in early spring, until the air temperature has risen above 15-17 ° C. In early spring, malic acid predominates in rhubarb, then its content increases, and as the temperature rises in hot weather, oxalic acid accumulates in the petioles, which is harmful to the body: it forms poorly removed salts and removes calcium in the blood. The consumption of oxalic acid at once in the amount of 3-4 g is dangerous not only for children, but also for adults. In case of poisoning, vomiting and convulsions, renal failure may appear. In the first two days, death can occur from asphyxia, shock, cardiovascular failure. In the next 2 weeks after poisoning, severe complications such as acute renal failure, repeated collapses, profuse bleeding, hemorrhagic pneumonia, and perforation of the stomach can occur, which can lead to death.
Gila monster - a large reptile, with a very beautiful black-orange pattern all over its body. The Latin name for this beautiful lizard is Heloderma suspectum or gila-toothed. There are grooves on the upper and lower jaw, to which the channels of highly developed venom glands fit. When bitten, the teeth go deep into the victim's body. Gila monster bites are very painful and act in much the same way as snake bites. The poison is neurotoxic, that is, when it bites, it paralyzes its victim. For small animals, lizard venom is fatal; in humans, it usually causes very severe edema, but sometimes it can lead to death.
Croton oil - the liquid obtained from the seeds of the Croton tiglium plant. It has a strong laxative effect, irritating the skin and mucous membranes. Even in small quantities (over 20 drops) it is life-threatening. Crotonal is toxic and mutagenic. When a person inhales its vapors, irritation of the mucous membrane, pharyngitis, cough, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, the onset of shock or unconsciousness occurs. Direct contact with liquid results in severe skin redness, irritation, pain and burns. When the poison gets inside, the whole organism is poisoned, the central nervous system is damaged, and tumors are formed. In case of tactile contact, skin scarring is formed.
Digitalis. Nowadays, digitalis purple is used for the production of drugs that stimulate the cardiovascular system. Active biological substances from digitalis tend to accumulate in the body and can be harmful or even fatal for a person with a healthy heart. The foxglove grass and rhizomes are saturated with the digitalin toxin. Poisoning is accompanied by irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, the pulse becomes rapid and arrhythmic, there is general weakness and shortness of breath. The development of seizures before death is possible.
Codeine is an almost transparent, odorless substance with a rather bitter taste, which is available in either powder or liquid form. Like other opiates, it can cause euphoria at high doses. Often, when taking a large number of tablets of some codeine-containing drugs, serious poisoning is possible. Due to the fact that with regular use of codeine, an addictive phenomenon is observed (similar to addiction to heroin and other drugs of the opiate group), it is dispensed with the same restrictions as other narcotic analgesics. In severe codeine poisoning, breathing disorders are possible, up to paralysis with preserved consciousness, as well as a significant drop in blood pressure.
Poisonous octopus(blue ringed octopus). Its poison, which belongs to the group of neurotoxins, is so powerful that it can kill an adult, especially if the octopus has bitten on the neck or in the area close to the spine. There is simply no vaccine for its poison
Dimethyl sulfate... Used in the manufacture of paints, drugs, perfumes, and pesticides, most dimethyl sulfate poisoning occurs due to liquid or vapor leaks. Signs of poisoning will be more pronounced if alcohol is present.Nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness, headache occurs. Fever, excitability, pain in the extremities, visual and hearing impairment, mental disorders are possible. In severe cases, tremor, ataxia, loss of consciousness, paroxysmal clonic-tonic convulsions resembling epileptic seizures, coma develop. Pathological examination reveals pronounced vascular disorders and degenerative changes in the parenchymal organs, brain and adrenal glands.
Nicotine.It is estimated that the lethal dose of nicotine for humans is 1 mg per 1 kg of body weight, i.e. about 50 - 70 mg for a teenager. Consequently, death can occur if a teenager simultaneously smokes half a pack of cigarettes, because the whole pack contains just one lethal dose of nicotine.
Wart. A fish with a row of spines on its back that release a toxic toxin. It is the most dangerous poisonous fish known and its venom causes severe pain with possible shock, paralysis and tissue death, depending on the depth of penetration. At the slightest irritation, the wart raises the spines of the dorsal fin; sharp and durable, they easily pierce the shoes of a person who accidentally stepped on a fish, and penetrate deep into the leg. With deep penetration, the injection can be fatal to a person if he does not receive medical attention for several hours. If a thorn has entered a large blood vessel, death can occur in 2-3 hours. Survivors sometimes get sick for months. The poison consists of a mixture of proteins, including hemolytic stonustoxin, neurotoxin, and cardioactive cardioleptin. Surviving victims usually suffer local nerve damage, sometimes resulting in atrophy of the attached muscle tissue. The pain can be so severe that the victims of the injection want to cut off the injured limb.
Hydrogen sulfide - a colorless poisonous gas heavier than air with an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs. It can be released in the process of decay, accumulates in lowlands. Very toxic. At high concentrations, a single inhalation can cause instant death. At low concentrations, adaptation to the unpleasant smell of "rotten eggs" occurs rather quickly, and it ceases to be felt. There is a sweetish metallic taste in the mouth. The first symptom of acute poisoning is loss of smell. In the future, headache, dizziness and nausea appear. Sometimes after a while, sudden fainting occurs.
Oleander- a large evergreen shrub. All parts of the plant are poisonous, moreover, the smoke from the burning plant and the water in which the flowers stood are poisonous. The plant contains a number of cardiac glycosides (oleandrin, cornerin, etc.). Oleander juice, taken internally, causes severe colic in humans and animals, vomiting and diarrhea ... It also affects the nervous system (up to coma). Cardiac glycosides cause cardiac arrest.
Phencyclidine(phencyclidine, PCP) - widely used in veterinary medicine for short-term immobilization of large animals. It has been noted to induce dissociated anesthesia. Phencyclidine is easy to synthesize. Phencyclidine users are primarily young people and polydrug addicts. The true prevalence of phencyclidine addiction is unknown, however, according to national data, its incidence in the United States has recently increased. Phencyclidine is either taken orally, smoked, or administered intravenously. It is also used as an additive to the illicitly marketed deltatetrahydrocannabinol, LSD, and cocaine. The most common artisanal phencyclidine drug is called "angel dust". Low doses of phencyclidine (5 mg) cause anxiety, agitation, impaired coordination, dysarthria, and anesthesia. Horizontal and vertical nystagmus, hot flashes, profuse sweat, hyperacusis are also possible. Mental disorders include body schema disorder, incoherent thinking, derealization, and depersonalization. Higher doses (5-10 mg) cause increased salivation, vomiting, myoclonus, hyperthermia, stupor and coma. At doses of 10 mg or more, phencyclidine causes epileptic seizures, opisthotonus and decerebral rigidity, followed by prolonged coma. Acute PCP-induced psychosis should be considered a psychiatric emergency with a high risk of suicide or violent crime.
Parathion (Parathion) - organophosphorus compound - pesticide; poisoning occurs if it is inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. Like some other organophosphorus compounds, parathion acts on the cholinesterase enzyme, leading to overstimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. Symptoms of poisoning are headaches, profuse sweating and salivation, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea and muscle spasms.
TEPP cholinesterase inhibitor -Used primarily as an insecticide and may cause poisoning. Symptoms - headache, loss of depth perception, seizures, sweating, chest pains, shortness of breath, vomiting, general paralysis, involuntary urination and defecation, pressure drop, death.
Yew tree... All parts of the plant are poisonous, except for the red fruits. The wood, bark and leaves of yew contain the alkaloid taxin and therefore are poisonous to humans and many other animals, although, for example, hares and deer, eat yew readily and without harm to themselves. The older the needles of a yew tree, the more poisonous they are.
Carbon tetrachloride (Carbon Tetrachloride) is a corrosive volatile liquid used as a dry cleaner. If inhaled or swallowed, it leads to severe damage to the heart, liver and kidneys (for example, the patient may develop cirrhosis of the liver or nephrosis of the kidneys), affects the optic nerve and some other nerves in the human body.
Strychnine - an alkaloid contained in the seeds of tropical plants of the genus Strychnos. It has an exciting effect on the central nervous system, in toxic doses it causes characteristic tetanic convulsions ...
Clostridium botulinum (Clostridium botulinum) is a gram-positive bacterium of the genus Clostridium, the causative agent of botulism, a severe food intoxication caused by botulinum toxin and characterized by damage to the nervous system. Botulinum toxin accumulates in foods infected with C. botulunum spores during their germination, if anaerobic conditions are created (for example, during canning). For humans, botulinum toxin is the most potent bacterial poison, destructively acting at a dose of 10-8 mg / kg. C. botulinum spores withstand boiling for 6 hours, high pressure sterilization destroys them after 20 minutes, 10% hydrochloric acid after 1 hour, 50% formalin after 24 hours. Botulinum toxin type A (B) is completely destroyed by boiling for 25 minutes. The incubation period for botulism ranges from several hours to 2-5 days (rarely up to 10 days). On the first day, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea are noted. Further, neurosymptoms associated with damage to the nerve centers predominate: violation of accommodation, double vision, difficulty swallowing, aphonia. In severe forms of botulism, death occurs from respiratory paralysis, sometimes from sudden cardiac arrest.
Potassium cyanide - potassium salt of hydrocyanic acid, chemical formula KCN. Strong inorganic poison. When ingested through the digestive tract, a lethal dose for humans is 1.7 mg / kg. Sometimes large doses are tolerated, slowing down the action is possible when the stomach is filled with food. Potassium cyanide is a potent inhibitor. When it enters the body, it blocks the cellular enzyme cytochrome c-oxidase, as a result of which the cells lose their ability to absorb oxygen from the blood and the body dies from interstitial hypoxia.
Food and drink we know very well can be deadly. And the simplest items are to contain poison. It turns out that the most powerful poisons are sometimes near us, and we do not even know about it.
Dangerous poisons
- Methanol, or methyl alcohol, is a very dangerous poison. This is explained by the fact that it is easy to confuse it with ordinary wine alcohol, since they are indistinguishable in taste and smell. Counterfeit alcoholic drinks are sometimes made on the basis of methyl alcohol, but it is impossible to establish the presence of methanol without an expert examination. Unfortunately, the consequences of drinking such drinks are irreversible, at best a person goes blind. 
Mercury. Everyone at home has the most common item - a mercury thermometer. It turns out that if mercury is poured out of two or three thermometers in a medium-sized room, then this will already be enough to cause serious poisoning. True, elemental mercury itself is not dangerous, its vapors are dangerous, and it begins to evaporate already at room temperature. In addition to thermometers, the same type of mercury is found in fluorescent lamps. So be careful with them.
Snake poison. There are more than two and a half thousand species of reptiles, but only about 250 of them are poisonous. The most famous are common vipers, cobras, rattlesnakes, black mambas, small snakes - sand fes.
People have long since figured out that snake venom is dangerous only when it enters human blood. And, since mankind has been dealing with snakes for many millennia, it is not surprising that it was when studying the effects of snake venom on the organisms of animals and humans in 1895 that the first antidote was created - anti-snake serum. By the way, there is no universal antidote even in case of poisoning with snake venom, for each type of snake its own antitoxin is created - for the king cobra - one, for vipers - another, for rattlesnakes - a third.
The fastest poison
There are many poisons, but potassium cyanide is still considered one of the fastest-acting. It has been used since ancient times, it is probably the most famous "spy" poison: many agents in films and books use cyanide in ampoules or tablets. And about such a sign of it as the smell of "bitter almonds", probably, everyone has read in the wonderful detective stories of Agatha Christie. 
Cyanide can be poisoned not only by ingestion, but also by inhalation, by touch. Potassium cyanide is found in some plants and foods, as well as in cigarettes. It is used when mining gold from ore. Kills cyanide by binding iron in blood cells, thereby preventing them from delivering oxygen to vital organs.
Cyanides can be determined using a solution of ferric salts
By the way, they tried to poison Grigory Rasputin with potassium cyanide, but they could not, since they added poison to the sweet cake. Glucose is an antidote to potassium cyanide.
The most available poisons
In summer and autumn, the time for seasonal mushroom poisoning comes - by the way, these are the most affordable toxic substances today. The most famous poisonous mushrooms are false mushrooms, pale grebe, stitches and fly agarics. Most of all are poisoned by the pale toadstool, since it has a lot of varieties, sometimes indistinguishable from edible mushrooms, and one such mushroom can lead to the death of several people. 
Although the Germans have learned to cook fly agarics in such a way that they are not poisoned by them, it is true that they take a lot of time to cook these mushrooms - they boil them for a day. True, the question arises - why do they need fly agarics when they can just take other mushrooms for food? And of course, one must remember the rules for storing cooked mushrooms, even edible mushrooms can become poisonous if the shelf life is violated.
Ordinary potatoes or bread can also be poisonous. When stored improperly in potatoes, the substance solanine accumulates, causing poisoning of the body. And bread becomes poisonous if flour was taken for its manufacture, into which cereals infected with ergot fell. We are not talking about fatal poisoning, but it is quite possible to spoil health with such products.
In addition, there are many household chemicals and fertilizers that can also be poisoned. For example, potassium chloride is the most common fertilizer, but when it enters the blood it becomes deadly, since potassium ions block the activity of the heart.
The most famous poison
In South America, the most famous poison is curare, a vegetable poison, there are several subspecies of this poison. It causes paralysis of the respiratory system. Initially it was used for hunting animals, in the 20th century it was successfully used in medicine. 
There is also strychnine, a white powder that is sometimes used in some drugs (such as heroin and cocaine). Although it is much more often used in the manufacture of pesticides. To obtain this powder, the seeds of the chilibuhi tree are taken, which is native to Southeast Asia and India.
But the most famous poison is, of course, arsenic, it can be called "royal poison". It has been used since ancient times (its use is attributed to Caligula) to eliminate their enemies and competitors in the struggle for the throne, it does not matter, papal or royal. This is the favorite poison of the European nobility in the Middle Ages.
The most famous poisoners
The history of the Italian dynasty of the Borgia poisoners is unique, they raised poisoning almost to the level of art. Everyone, without exception, was afraid of their invitations to the feast. The most famous representatives of this family for their insidiousness are Pope Alexander VI Borgia, and his children: the son of Cesare, who became a cardinal, and also the daughter of Lucretius. This family had its own poison, "cantarella," supposedly containing arsenic, phosphorus, and copper salts. It is known that the head of the family himself ultimately paid with his life for his cunning, having drunk by mistake a bowl of poison prepared by him for another. 
In France, arsenic was used by women, the most famous of them being Catherine de 'Medici, who became Queen of France. There were also poisoners of a lower rank - the favorites of kings, the marquise, the baroness and the wives of jewelers. It is believed that Napoleon was poisoned with arsenic.
The most powerful poison in the world
And now scientists will not answer the question of which poison is the most powerful in the world. Some of the most powerful poisons are botulism and tetanus toxins. 
Of natural poisons, batrachotoxin is very dangerous, it is secreted by the skin of small but dangerous amphibians - dart frogs, fortunately, they can be found only in Colombia. One such frog contains so much poisonous substance that it is enough to kill several elephants.
In addition, there are radioactive poisons such as polonium. It acts slowly, but only 1 gram of this substance is needed to destroy one and a half million people. Snake venom, curare, potassium cyanide - they are all inferior to the above poisons.
Snakes are not the only ones that are poisonous. As the editors of the site managed to find out, the most poisonous creature on Earth is a jellyfish.
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Below I will try to provide explanations for those who have come to the topic of poisons and poisoning the hard way. If I will not touch on something, or if you want to receive more detailed instructions and explanations - do not hesitate, ask questions, we will sort everything out on the shelves.
So...
1. Common sense. Don't grab potassium cyanide, ricin, or anything like that, just because they are the most deadly and effective poisons. These poisons are very difficult to obtain, therefore, accidental poisoning with them is extremely unlikely. It is better to choose a less effective poison, which will look more natural in this situation.
BANAL EXAMPLE: if a person suffers from insomnia, then an overdose of sleeping pills mixed with alcohol looks much more natural than cyanide poisoning. Potassium cyanide doesn't help you sleep deeply, does it?
2. Don't underestimate your opponent. The investigator is not at all the dumb and grotesque character that flashes on TV screens. Having in his hands the results of the examination, he will perfectly understand that the death was not at all accidental. Using the magic principle "Who is it all the same profitable?", He has a great chance to get on the trail of the poisoner.
3. Single poisoning - fight! You should not poison a person tete-a-tete if you are not 100% sure of the effectiveness of the poison and your alibi. The best time to use the poison for its intended purpose is a feast. Witnesses !! sudden !! there must be a lot of death. There should not be a single witness for your communion. A person who felt bad during a feast is unlikely to immediately admit this - he will write off everything on alcohol and too fatty food. And he will lose precious minutes that could have saved his life.
4. Alcohol is a friend for all time! Even the most harmless substances are not friends with Mr. Ethanol. Poisons even more so. Many substances dissolve in alcohol, and alcohol itself dulls the senses - an ideal companion!
5. Don't be too smart. If the goal is ordinary drunks, methanol will cope many times better than cyanide. If there is a core, it is easier to change the medicine for a more effective one. If narcotics - choose the substance so that it looks like an overdose.
*** For those who like to smoke, you can find options for entering the full psychedelic. Optionally - with cruelty, in order to secure the goal of a vacation in the madhouse by means of berserk rage against a neighbor and her cute dog. For those who like speed, it's not that difficult to drive your heart into the board.
6. Preparation. You should not trade such cases without considering all the consequences. It is worth carefully considering an alibi for yourself: for example, if your wife decided to leave this life, then you should tell everyone a month before this event how bad everything is, how your relationship is crumbling, it may be worth signing up for a psychotherapist. All your words, actions are your alibi. This should not be neglected.
7. Do you need all this ... The responsibility always lies with you. Poisons can bestow a false sense of freedom and impunity, but they are not. You can be easily found and easily detained. Remember safety and ask if something is not clear. And remember:
You are responsible for what you do. Killing a granny / mother / wife for the sake of an inheritance or killing a pedophile maniac are completely different things. Use your power wisely.
Nicotine
Characteristics
Nicotine is a dark brown sticky / oily liquid. A lethal dose of pure nicotine is considered to be about 0.06 grams, but for a homemade version it is about 3-4 drops. Death from poisoning occurs in 12-24 hours.
1. Remove tobacco from ten cheaper cigarettes.
2. Grind the tobacco very well, then place it in a small beaker.
3. Pour in isopropyl alcohol (bourbonal can be used as a last resort).
4. Cover the beaker with aluminum foil.
5. Place the beaker in a Bunsen burner or electric fireplace and heat it gently and gently. Don't let the alcohol get out of hand. If the alcohol is boiling, remove the beaker with tongs and put it back when the boiling bulbs stop appearing. If this is not done, alcohol vapors will catch fire! If this happens (vapors ignite), remove the beaker, blow off the flame and continue heating the alcohol.
6. After warming for one hour, filter the contents of the beaker using filter paper. Throw away any residue remaining on the filter paper.
7. Evaporate the resulting liquid in strong sunlight or gently heating it. The remainder after the procedures, remaining in the judge and will be nicotine.
With ten cigarettes, you can get a dose for about 3 people.
1. The liquid was applied to the shaved back of the rabbit's neck (the rabbit was not allowed to lick the liquid). The rabbit immediately showed a slowdown in movement. After 11 o'clock, the rabbit went berserk and died.
2. 2 ml was given orally to the rabbit. These were the same effects as above, but the rabbit died 12 hours later.
Nicotine is a good skin breaker and is strictly forbidden to touch. The best way to serve it orally is in the form of strong coffee - 3-4 drops from a pipette will be enough.
According to some sources, the lethal dose is not 0.06 grams, but 0.5-1 grams.
Potato alkaloid
Characteristics
Green-gray liquid. Lethal dose: 0.06 g. Time to death: less than 2 minutes.
Preparation and Precautions
The preparation procedure is exactly the same as for nicotine except for the fact that the spuds on the skins of GREEN potatoes are used instead of tobacco.
Test results
1.3 ml was given orally to a healthy rabbit. The rabbit immediately started yelling. Blood began to flow from his mouth. After 100 seconds, the rabbit died.
2. The same dose was given to a small rabbit. After 7 seconds, the rabbit died.
Notes (edit)
Cannot be used through the skin - only orally or by injection.
Ricin
Characteristics
Ricin (a poison from castor beans) is a white powder. Lethal dose of ricin: 0.035 g. Death occurs within a couple of minutes from oral administration and a few hours after injection.
Manufacturing (only with medical gloves!)
Ricin is obtained from castor beans, the fruit of the plant Ricinus communis (the Russian name for castor oil plant).
1. Take the skin from several castor beans and weigh the white portion of the nuts.
2. Grind the beans and add 4 weights of acetone.
3. Leave the mixture in a plastic container for three days.
4. Filter the mixture. Dry the remainder. The resulting powder is ricin.
If the mixture is left in acetone for another three days, we get ricin in liquid form.
Test results
1 ml of liquid ricin was given orally to the rabbit. The rabbit has trouble breathing. Mucus was discharged from the mouth. After four hours, the rabbit died.
2 ml of liquid ricin was given orally to the rabbit. After 2 minutes, the rabbit died.
Notes (edit)
The liquid version is the most convenient for mixing, especially into alcohol. The powder form can be difficult to dissolve, but can be used in food as ricin powder does not have a strong taste.
Cyanide
Buy yellow blood salt (exactly yellow, not red, these are different substances, do not confuse!). Dehydrate with gentle heating on a baking sheet (not higher than 150 degrees) so that it turns white, but does not burn (if it turns black, it means overheating). Then mix 3 parts of dehydrated blood salt with 5 parts of potash, place in a hermetically sealed iron container and heat in a muffle furnace at 600-700 degrees for several hours. (can be left overnight). Turn off the heating, wait until it cools down.
Knock the resulting stone out of the container with a hammer. Its upper part will be pure cyanide, and the lower one is potash, they are visually different. You break this stone in a basin with a hammer into large pieces, grind it into powder in a mortar and store it only in an airtight container.
A muffle furnace is required. You need to heat for a long time and do not exceed the temperature.
Safety precautions: work in a ventilated area, do not eat cyanide with spoons and do not sprinkle it on yourself, wear gloves. After the synthesis, for a few more days, do not let pets into the room, since grains of cyanide will remain on the floor that have flown far away when the stone is broken with a hammer, this is enough for them.
Poison is a toxin that can cause severe poisoning or even death. The impact on a person depends on the amount of poison, as well as its type. It can enter the body through the mouth, respiratory organs and skin. Poisoning symptoms may appear immediately after contact or after several hours. It is necessary to provide first aid immediately after signs of intoxication appear.
Classification
The following types of poisons are distinguished:
- Local poisons, which include substances that act only by direct contact. These are mercury, arsenic, alkalis and acids.
- Systemic poisons. After entering the body, they are sent with blood to all organs. These are potassium cyanide, strychnine, hypnotics.
- Chemical poisons classified as acids, alkalis, salts, gases. These are various organic and inorganic compounds.
Poisons are also common, that is, they are found in the immediate environment of a person. These are paints, herbicides, insecticides, rat poisons and other substances. Therefore, using such means, you must take precautions - put on a mask on your face and rubber gloves on your hands.
The most dangerous poisons
There is a list of the most dangerous poisons in the world. Moreover, their danger lies in various reasons:
- Methyl alcohol. Such a substance, after entering the human body, causes intoxication. And if you drink it in large quantities, irreversible blindness or even death is possible. Therefore, at the first symptoms of poisoning, the patient needs to be helped and taken to the hospital. The danger of such a poison is that its appearance, taste and smell are completely identical with ethyl alcohol, so they can be easily confused.
- Mercury. It is contained in mercury thermometers. And if you break 2 thermometers in the room, then all the people in it will get serious poisoning. The same substance is found in fluorescent lamps. Therefore, care must be taken when handling such items.
Dangerous vapors of mercury, and it begins to evaporate at room temperature. Therefore, if you break a thermometer or lamp on the street in winter, it is not scary - the balls of mercury can be collected and discarded.
- Snake poison. Approximately 250 species of snakes are venomous. However, the antidote for each species of reptile must be separate. This is the danger - after the poison enters the bloodstream, the antidote must be injected as soon as possible, otherwise, after 20 minutes - 4 hours (depending on the type of snake), there will be a lethal outcome.
- Potassium cyanide is the world's fastest-acting poison. Moreover, they can be poisoned both by touch and by inhalation or by ingestion through the mouth. Under its influence, iron is bound in blood cells, as a result of which oxygen supply to vital organs stops. Death occurs within a few minutes. The substance has a bitter almond odor. Neutralized by glucose, therefore ineffective in sweet environments.
Available poisons
Amanita mushrooms can also be edible if cooked properly. They must be boiled during the day, draining the water as often as possible. But it is better not to risk it and eat mushrooms, russula, boletus and other edible mushrooms.
Potatoes can also contain dangerous poisons for the human body. If potatoes are stored improperly (when exposed to sunlight on the root crop), solanine is formed in it. This substance causes severe intoxication in humans. It is not difficult to identify low-quality potatoes - as a rule, their peel takes on a greenish tint.
At home, chemical fertilizers can also be easily poisoned. For example, potassium chloride is very dangerous because, once it enters the bloodstream, the substance blocks the activity of the heart. Death comes in just a few minutes.
Deadly poisons in nature
Scientists have compiled a list of poisons, after ingestion of which there is a high probability of death:
- A neurotoxin found in the venom of some snakes. Immediately after being bitten, the victim becomes dormant and drowsy. But after a while, muscle cramps appear, breathing quickens. Death occurs within 20-30 minutes due to respiratory paralysis. Moreover, hematomas or tumors do not appear at the site of the bite. However, such a snake bites very rarely. Immediately it is necessary to enter the patient with the antidote "Anticobra". If there are serious respiratory problems, ventilation is performed.
- Alpha latrotoxin, which is contained in the spider venom of the karakurt genus. At the time of the bite, a burning sensation is observed, and after 20-30 minutes the pain spreads throughout the victim's body. Improvement of the patient's well-being occurs in a few days, and after 2-3 weeks his complete recovery occurs.
- Alpha-conotoxin found in the venom of certain shellfish species (eg geographic cone). If you take a shell with a clam in your hand, he immediately pierces it with thorns. In this case, the victim feels unbearable pain, as a result of which he loses consciousness. After a few minutes, the heartbeat increases, fingers go numb, shortness of breath and paralysis of the limbs appear. Fatalities have been reported after being punctured by a geographic cone. Moreover, there is no antidote. The patient can be saved only with the help of copious bloodletting from the injection site.
- Tityutoxin, which is produced by the yellow thick-tailed scorpion. The poison is so toxic that it even kills an adult. It is with the bite of this scorpion that 95% of all deaths from this poison are associated. They are found in Africa and the Middle East. Immediately it is necessary to inject the Anti-Scorpion serum, which will help save the victim's life.
- Finally, the most deadly poison in the world is diamphotoxin. It is the most powerful poison on our planet. Contained in the blood of the larvae of the leaf beetle, common in southern Africa. The insect belongs to the same family as the Colorado potato beetle. The poison is intended only for protection from predators - after eating the beetle, it dies from excruciating pain. After entering the victim's body, the poison reduces the hemoglobin content by about 75%, since red blood cells are intensively destroyed. Poison can enter the human body only through the mouth. There is no antidote.
All poisons are very dangerous, deadly, so if you need to contact with them, you need to do this with the utmost care. If you find symptoms of poisoning with toxic substances, you must urgently call an ambulance. In some cases, even minutes decide the outcome of the situation. Therefore, if the poison is very dangerous, it is necessary to take the antidote as soon as possible. Otherwise, there is a high probability of death.
Rats and mice are eternal companions of man. To combat them, it is best to use biological methods: catching or scaring away, keeping cats and other rat-catchers in the house. However, with a large population, the use of more radical means is required, namely, rat poisons. Their use must be carried out in compliance with safety precautions, despite the fact that human poisoning with rat poison does not happen so often.
A person who is not associated with the production of drugs and baits for rodents is much more likely to become a victim of food poisoning in the nearest eatery. And yet there are cases of poisons entering the body to destroy rodents. How does this happen, what is the lethal dose and what to do in such situations? Let's figure it out.
When human poisoning with rat poison is possible
In Russia, fatal cases of poisoning with baits against rodents have not been recorded over the past decades. According to press reports, group poisoning of children occurred in 2007 and 2011. In all cases, the children received timely medical care, and the little patients fully recovered. So, in 2007 in Vladimir, 15 children aged 3-4 years were poisoned. Left unattended, they ate peas with rat poison. In 2011, group poisoning of schoolchildren 6-11 years old was recorded in the Tyumen region. The children also ate the pickled seeds. There are reports that the child, in front of his parents, bit off or swallowed pills from rodents.
Can a person die from rat poison? In China, in 2002-2011, cases of deliberate poisoning with rat poison, prohibited for sale, were recorded several times. The intruders put it in the food. There are also known cases of poisoning when eating barbecue (presumably from the meat of dead rats and foxes). In some cases, about 10% of the affected people died.
The degree of damage to the body and the possibility of death primarily depends on what substance is contained in the bait.
Types of rat poison and its effect on the human body
The rat poison is called rodenticide and it is a rodent-killing agent. It belongs to the group of pesticides and is widely used in agriculture and in everyday life. There are several varieties of rodenticides, differing in the effect of rat poison on animals, including humans.
If rat poison is ingested, the lethal dose for humans will depend on the active substance and the state of health, primarily the liver. It is the liver that synthesizes the factors necessary for normal blood clotting. And anticoagulant poisons destroy these substances. For Warfarin, the lethal dose (LD50) is 60 mg / kg of body weight, and for Bromadiolone - 300 mg / kg.
It is difficult to ingest large amounts of rat poison by accident. To obtain a lethal dose, it will be necessary to repeatedly get anticoagulants into the body. Rats must eat the bait within a week to die. In addition, the finished form of rat poison contains, as a rule, from 0.1 to 2% of the active substance. To prepare the bait, the drug is mixed with grain, minced meat or other food attractive to rodents. The rat poison, which contains zoocoumarins, in the ready-to-use mixture contains approximately 2-3% of the drug, which, in terms of pure poison, averages 0.02%. Thus, if for a fatal outcome an adult needs to eat 3-4 grams of pure poison, then in terms of the commercial form, this will be about 150 grams. Soft briquettes - tablets from rats, so popular today, contain 0.005% of the poison. Even a child needs to swallow a fairly large bite to get seriously poisoned.
It should be noted that some rat poisons can penetrate the skin. Those who work on making baits should take precautions.
Symptoms of rat poisoning in humans
When a person is poisoned with rat poison, the symptoms do not develop immediately, but 3-4 days after the poison enters the body. The disease is characterized by a chronic course. In rare cases, due to the intake of a large dose of a potent drug, it is possible that signs of a blood clotting disorder develop after 12-24 hours.
The victims are noted:
- weakness;
- nausea, loss of appetite;
- headache;
- pallor;
- the appearance of bleeding gums, hemorrhages on the mucous membranes;
- less often, symptoms of rat poisoning in humans are manifested by diarrhea, blood in the fecal masses, nosebleeds, abdominal pain, and bloody spots on the body.
First aid for human poisoning with rat poison
In case of accidental ingestion of poison into the stomach, it is necessary:
If rat poison gets on human skin, wash it off with warm water and soap; on the mucous membranes of the eyes and mouth - rinse abundantly with running water.
Depending on what dose the victim received, and how the rat poison acts on a person, hospitalization may be necessary. Inpatient treatment is based on the introduction of an antidote - vitamin K1 (Fitomenadion) within 15-30 days and maintenance therapy: hepatoprotectors, forced diuresis. In severe cases, a plasma transfusion may be required to quickly replenish the clotting factor. Recovery is monitored by examining the prothrombin index, a laboratory indicator for assessing blood clotting.
Consequences of human poisoning with rat poison
If a person is poisoned with rat poison, the consequences can be distant. Therefore, timely seeking medical attention is imperative. The doctor will conduct the necessary laboratory tests and prescribe treatment. Even with a mild degree of damage, long-term intake of vitamin K will be required.Otherwise, it will be difficult for the liver to restore normal blood clotting, various manifestations of hemophilia syndrome are possible:
- bleeding gums;
- profuse bleeding with wound damage;
- internal hemorrhage.
Let's summarize how to act in case of human poisoning with rat poison. In case of accidental ingestion of rat poison in the stomach, it is necessary to induce vomiting, drink a large amount of liquid and take activated charcoal. If the poisoning is chronic, it makes no sense to induce vomiting and gastric lavage.
In all cases of poisoning, you should consult a doctor for medical treatment.
