Fairy tales, their features; fabulous images.
Russians folk tales about animals. Features of this genre, examples of works.
Young children are usually attracted to the world of animals, so they really like fairy tales in which animals and birds act. In a fairy tale, animals acquire human features - they think, speak, and act. In essence, such images bring the child knowledge about the world of people, not animals.
In this kind of fairy tales, there is usually no distinct division of characters into positive and negative ones. Each of them is endowed with any one trait, an inherent feature of his character, which is played out in the plot. So, traditionally the main feature of the fox is cunning, the wolf is greedy and stupid. The bear has a not so unambiguous image, the bear can be evil, but it can also be kind, but at the same time it always remains a klutz. If a person appears in such a fairy tale, then he invariably turns out to be smarter than the fox, and the wolf, and the bear. Animals in a fairy tale observe the principle of hierarchy: everyone recognizes the strongest and the main one. Is it a lion or a bear. They are always at the top of the social ladder. This brings animal tales closer to fables, which is especially evident from the presence in both of them of similar moral conclusions - social and universal. These stories have a moral. Linear composition (1 storyline) Outset, climax, denouement. Lots of action, humor, emotions, songs.
There are among the tales about animals and quite scary. The bear eats the old man and the old woman because they cut off his paw. An angry beast with a wooden leg, of course, seems terrible to the kids, but in fact he is the bearer of just retribution. The story gives the child the opportunity to understand a difficult situation.
The child must believe in a miracle - fantasize, imagine. Fairy tale is one of the favorite genres among the people, which arose on the basis of myths, legends, observations of real life. Fairy tales depict the most different sides life, tell about the most various people, talk about animals, and it is the fairy tale that best meets the needs of children, corresponds to child psychology.
Faith in miracles, craving for goodness, faith in magic that transforms the world. A fairy tale shows a person the right path, shows happiness and unhappiness, which can happen due to a perfect mistake. However, after the error main character gets a second chance, the right to good luck. The main feature of the tale is the belief in justice. The child compares the real world and the fictional one, singles out the thought, the idea that the fairy tale carries.
Features of the fairy tale genre
It doesn't matter who the hero is, what matters is who he is.
· Often the heroes have a straightforward character (positive and negative). The fox is cunning, the wolf is evil or narrow-minded - the fairy tale teaches to evaluate the main qualities.
· The contrast of positive and negative characters is easy to distinguish.
Linear composition (triple repetitions)
· Songs, jokes are repeated, included in the fairy tale.
The language of the fairy tale is concise, expressive, rhythmic
· The world of a fairy tale: everything is large (no small details, drawings), everything is remembered immediately and for a long time.
Most often, the colors are bright, there are no halftones (the caftan is red, the chambers are white stone)
Fairy-tale hero is an ideal person (kind, sympathetic, they believe him)
A special world is created in a fairy tale, in which everything is unusual (even the name), there are magical objects, transformations, talking animals. The child is interested in all this - develops imagination.
· The struggle of dark and light forces. The danger seems to be the most terrible when there is evil spirits - Baba Yaga, Serpent Gorynych.
Actions often take place in the family
Ethical motivations: injustice is a source of suffering and misfortune
No irreparable situations
A fairy tale teaches to evaluate the actions and deeds of people
Linear composition
Heroes remain true to their characters (do not change until the end of the tale)
・Availability of travel
The presence of a ban (what will happen after the violation of the ban, errors)
In difficult times, helpers come, but initially they check the hero
The characters may include children
· There are fabulous stable formulas (once upon a time, in a certain kingdom, soon a fairy tale will tell), as well as proverbs, epithets, hyperbole.
In a fairy tale, a different, special, mysterious world appears before the listener than in fairy tales about animals. Unusual fantastic heroes act in it, goodness and truth defeat darkness, evil and lies.
"This is a world where Ivan Tsarevich rushes through a dark forest on a gray wolf, where the deceived Alyonushka suffers, where Vasilisa the Beautiful brings a scorching fire from Baba Yaga, where a brave hero finds the death of Kashchei the Immortal" ..1
Some of the fairy tales are closely related to mythological representations. Such images as Frost, Water, Sun, Wind are associated with the elemental forces of nature. The most popular of Russian fairy tales are: "Three Kingdoms", "Magic Ring", "Finist's Feather - Clear Falcon", "The Frog Princess", "Kashchei the Immortal", "Marya Morevna", "The Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise", " Sivka-Burka", "Morozko", etc.
The hero of a fairy tale is courageous, fearless. He overcomes all obstacles in his path, wins victories, wins his happiness. And if at the beginning of the tale he can act as Ivan the Fool, Emelya the Fool, then at the end he necessarily turns into a handsome and well done Ivan Tsarevich. A.M. drew attention to this at one time. Bitter:
"The hero of folklore -" fool ", despised even by his father and brothers, always turns out to be smarter than them, always the winner of all worldly adversities."2
The positive hero is always helped by other fairy tale characters. So, in the fairy tale "Three Kingdoms" the hero gets out into the world with the help of a wonderful bird. In other fairy tales, Sivka-Burka, the Gray Wolf, and Elena the Beautiful help the heroes. Even such characters as Morozko and Baba Yaga help the heroes for their diligence and good manners. In all this, people's ideas about human morality and morality are expressed.
Next to the main characters in a fairy tale, there are always wonderful helpers: the Gray Wolf, Sivka-Burka, Obyedalo, Opivalo, Dubynya and Usynya, etc. They have wonderful means: a flying carpet, walking boots, a self-assembled tablecloth, an invisibility hat. Images of goodies in fairy tales, helpers and wonderful objects express folk dreams.
The images of women-heroines of fairy tales in the popular imagination are unusually beautiful. They say about them: "Neither in a fairy tale to say, nor to describe with a pen." They are wise, possess magical power, possess remarkable intelligence and resourcefulness (Elena the Beautiful, Vasilisa the Wise, Marya Morevna).
Opponents of goodies are dark forces, scary monsters(Kashchei the Deathless, Baba Yaga, famously one-eyed, Serpent Gorynych). They are cruel, treacherous and greedy. This is how the idea of the people about violence and evil is expressed. Their appearance sets off the image of a positive hero, his feat. The storytellers did not spare colors to emphasize the struggle between light and dark beginnings. In its content and in its form, a fairy tale bears elements of the miraculous, the unusual. The composition of fairy tales is different from the composition of fairy tales about animals. Some fairy tales begin with a saying - a playful joke that is not related to the plot. The purpose of the saying is to grab the attention of the audience. It is followed by the opening that begins the story. It takes listeners to a fairy-tale world, designates the time and place of action, the situation, the characters. The fairy tale ends with an ending. The narrative develops sequentially, the action is given in dynamics. Dramatically tense situations are reproduced in the structure of the tale.
In fairy tales, episodes are repeated three times (Ivan Tsarevich fights with three snakes on the Kalinov Bridge, Ivan saves three beautiful princesses in the underworld). They use traditional artistic means of expression: epithets (good horse, valiant horse, green meadow, silk grass, azure flowers, blue sea, dense forests), comparisons, metaphors, words with diminutive suffixes. These features of fairy tales resonate with epics and emphasize the brightness of the narrative.
An example of such a fairy tale is the fairy tale "Two Ivans - soldiers' sons".
The beginning of the tale is replete with everyday scenes and bears little resemblance to magical circumstances. It conveys the usual everyday information: a peasant lived, the time has come - he went to the soldiers, in his absence twin boys were born, who were called Ivans - "soldier's sons". Thus, in this tale there are two main characters at once. Nothing miraculous, magical yet happens in it. It tells about how children study, how they comprehend reading and writing, "lordly and merchant children were shut up by the belt." In the development of the action, a plot is planned, when the good fellows go to the city to buy horses. This scene is filled with elements of a fairy tale: the brothers tame stallions, just as fairy-tale heroes possess heroic strength. With a "valiant whistle" and with a loud voice, the stallions who had run away into the field are returned. The horses obey them: "The stallions came running and stood in place, as if rooted to the spot." The main characters of the tale are surrounded by special objects that emphasize their heroism (heroic horses, sabers of three hundred pounds). It is also wonderful that they received these items from a gray-haired old man, who brought out horses for them, opening a cast-iron door in great grief. He also brought them two heroic sabers. So peasant children turn into heroes. The good fellows got on their horses and rode off.
The fairy tale includes images of the crossroads, pillars with inscriptions that determine the choice of the path and the fate of the brothers. The objects accompanying the brothers turn out to be miraculous, for example, the handkerchiefs symbolizing death, which they exchanged. The narrative is framed by stable fabulous formulas. One brother reached the glorious kingdom, married Nastasya the Beautiful and became a prince. “Ivan Tsarevich lives in joy, admires his wife, gives order to the kingdom and amuses himself with animal hunting.”3
And the other brother "rides tirelessly day and night, and a month, and another, and a third." Then Ivan suddenly finds himself in an unfamiliar state.
In the city he sees great sadness. "The houses are covered with black cloth, people stagger as if sleepy"4. The twelve-headed serpent that emerges from the blue sea, from behind the gray stone, eats a person at a time. Even the king's daughter is taken to be eaten by a snake. The serpent personifies the dark forces of the world with which the hero fights. Ivan rushes to help. He is brave, knows no fear and always wins in battle. Ivan cuts off all the heads of the snake. The fairy tale element is enhanced by the description of nature, against which the snake appears: "Suddenly a cloud moved in, the wind rustled, the sea stirred - a snake comes out of the blue of the sea, rises up the mountain ... "5. Ivan's duel with the snake is described succinctly.
Repeating verbs give impetus to the action: "Ivan drew his sharp saber, swung, struck and cut down all twelve heads of the snake; he raised a gray stone, put his heads under a stone, threw his body into the sea, and he returned home, went to bed and slept for three days" .6
It would seem that the fairy tale should end there, the plot is exhausted, but suddenly new circumstances are woven into it with the introduction of a character from the royal environment - a water carrier, whose thoughts are vile and base.
The situation is getting worse. The climax is coming. The water carrier acts as the "savior" of the princess, under pain of death, forcing her to recognize him as a savior. The episode is repeated two more times with the other two daughters of the king. The tsar granted the water carrier to the colonels, then to the generals, and, finally, he married his youngest daughter.
And Ivan fights with the monster three times, three times the water carrier threatens to kill the king's daughters. However, the story ends with the victory of the hero, evil is punished, the water carrier is hanged, the truth triumphs, the youngest daughter is married to Ivan. This episode of the fairy tale ends with a well-known saying: "The young began to live, live, and make good."
The narration in the tale again returns to another brother - Ivan Tsarevich. It is told how he got lost while hunting and met with an ugly monster - a red maiden, the sister of a twelve-headed serpent, who turned into a terrible lioness. She opens her mouth and swallows the prince whole. The story has an element of reincarnation. A wonderful object comes to the aid of the hero - a scarf of his brother, announcing what happened. The search for a brother begins. The description of the hunt and the actions of the hero are repeated in the tale. Ivan, the peasant son, finds himself in the same situation as Ivan Tsarevich, but remains alive thanks to a wonderful helper - a magic horse. The red maiden pouted like a terrible lioness and wanted to swallow the good fellow, but a magic horse came running, "grabbed her with heroic legs", and Ivan forced the lioness to throw Ivan Tsarevich out of herself, threatening that he would chop her to pieces.
An extraordinary miracle in a fairy tale and living water saving, reviving Ivan Tsarevich. The tale ends with an ending: Ivan Tsarevich remained in his state, and Ivan, the son of a soldier, went to his wife and began to live with her in love and harmony.
The fairy tale "Two Ivan - Soldier's Sons" combines all the elements of a fairy tale: composition, repetition of episodes and actions of heroes three times, development of the plot, positive heroes and the opposition of negative monsters to them, miraculous transformations and objects, the use of figurative and expressive means (constant epithets, stable folklore formulas). The fairy tale affirms good and debunks evil.
There are a number of definitions that characterize a fairy tale. Back in the 18th century, an unknown researcher of a fairy tale defined this genre as follows: "A fairy tale is a narrative of a fictional incident." In some sources, one can also find such a definition of a fairy tale as a genre: “A fairy tale is a type of narrative, mostly prose folklore, which includes works of different genres, the content of which, from the point of view of folklore carriers, lacks strict reliability” . You can also give the following definition: "A fairy tale is a predominantly prose, artistic oral story of a fantastic, adventurous or everyday nature." This definition adds elements of a typical classification of fairy tales, but does not contain the entirety of fairy tale content. There are other definitions that highlight this or that moment, but the most significant, complete and logical, it seems to us, is the definition given once by the Russian researcher and collector of Russian fairy tales A.I. Nikiforov. He understood the fairy tale as follows: “Fairy tales are oral stories that exist among the people for the purpose of entertainment, containing events unusual in the everyday sense (fantastic, wonderful or worldly) and distinguished by a special compositional and stylistic construction” . This definition fully expresses the scientific understanding of the fairy tale and gives all the main features that characterize it.
Along with many definitions of a fairy tale, there are a significant number of its classifications. Different types fairy tales are different outward signs, the nature of plots, heroes, poetics, ideology, origin, history and require different methods of study. That is why the correct classification of a fairy tale is so important.
The most accurate classification of the tale was given by another domestic researcher A.N. Afanasiev, on the basis of which one of the classics of the humanities of the 20th century, V.Ya. Propp compiled general classification, which includes large digits, namely:
1) fairy tales about animals
2) fairy tales about people:
a) short stories (including anecdotes)
b) magical
Despite genre differences, individual groups of fairy tales are constantly intertwined with each other. That is why it can be difficult to draw a clear line between them and attribute a specific text to one or another group of fairy tales.
Now, having general idea about a fairy tale, we can begin to consider the signs of a directly fairy tale, which is considered the most beautiful kind of folk, artistic prose, which is characterized by high idealism and the desire for something sublime. The fairy tale has a pronounced character and thus differs from all other kinds of fairy tales.
A fairy tale is the folklore text with which the concept of "fairy tale" is most associated. They are also called fairy tales proper.
First of all, it should be noted that a fairy tale must be defined using not a vague concept of magic, but the laws inherent in it. The regularity appears where there is repetition. And a fairy tale really has some kind of specific repeatability.
A fairy tale is based on a complex composition, which has an exposition, plot, plot development, climax and denouement.
The plot of a fairy tale is based on a story about overcoming a loss or shortage, with the help of miraculous means, or magical helpers. The exposition of the tale tells about all the reasons that gave rise to the plot: the prohibition and violation of the ban on some actions. The plot of the tale is that the main character or heroine discovers a loss or shortage.
The development of the plot is a search for what is lost or missing.
The climax of the fairy tale is that the protagonist or heroine fights an opposing force and always defeats it (the battle equivalent is solving difficult problems that are always solved).
The denouement is the overcoming of a loss or lack. Usually the hero (heroine) at the end "reigns" - that is, acquires a higher social status than he had in the beginning.
Takova general characteristics fairy tale.
Magic tales. This is the most popular and favorite genre of children. They are called magical because everything that happens in its plot fantastic and significant on the task: in such a fairy tale there is necessarily a central positive hero, Kotor. fights evil and injustice, he is helped by wizards and magic items. Russian folk tales about Ivan Tsarevich can be cited as examples.
The danger seems to be especially strong, because. main opponents- villains, representatives supernatural dark forces: Serpent Gorynych, Baba Yaga, Koschey the Immortal. By gaining victory over evil spirits, the hero confirms his high human principle, closeness to the light forces of nature. In the struggle, he becomes even stronger and wiser, makes new friends and gets the full right to happiness - to the satisfaction of little listeners.
A character in fairy tales is always bearer of certain moral qualities. The hero of the most popular fairy tales is Ivan Tsarevich. He helps many animals and birds, who are grateful to him for this, and in turn help him, his brothers, who often try to destroy him. He is represented in fairy tales as folk hero , incarnation highest moral character- courage, honesty, kindness. He is young, handsome, smart and strong. This type of bold and strong hero.
The Russian people are characterized by the consciousness that a person always meets on his way with life's difficulties, and by his good deeds he will surely overcome them. A hero endowed with such qualities as kindness, generosity, honesty deeply sympathetic to the Russian people.
Befitting such a hero female images- Elena the Beautiful, Vasilisa the Wise, Tsar Maiden, Marya Morevna. They are so beautiful that "neither in a fairy tale to say, nor to describe with a pen", and at the same time have magic, intelligence and courage. These " wise virgins"help Ivan Tsarevich escape from the sea king, find Koshcheev's death, and complete overwhelming tasks. Fairy tale heroines in a perfect way embody folk ideas about women's beauty, kindness, wisdom .
Characters confront the main characters sharply negative- insidious, envious, cruel. Most often it is Koschey the Immortal, Baba Yaga, the Serpent with three to nine heads, famously one-eyed. They are monstrous and ugly in appearance, insidious, cruel in the confrontation with the forces of light and good. The higher the price of the protagonist's victory.
In difficult times, the main character comes to the rescue helpers. These are either magical animals (Sivka-burka, pike, Gray wolf, Pig-golden bristles), or kind old women, wonderful uncles, strong men, walkers, boletus mushrooms. Wonderful items are distinguished by a great variety: a flying carpet, walking boots, a self-assembled tablecloth, an invisibility cap, living and dead water. Fleeing from persecution, the hero throws a comb - and a dense forest rises; a towel, a scarf turns into a river or a lake.
fantasy world Far Far Away Kingdom, Far Far Away State is multicolored, filled with many curiosities: milk rivers flow here with jelly banks, golden apples grow in the garden, “birds of paradise sing and sea seals meow.”
Like a fairy tale incorporates many stylistic devices of other genres folklore. Here and permanent epithets characteristic of a lyrical song (“good horse”, “dense forests”, “silk grass”, “sugar lips”), and epic hyperbole(“running - the earth trembles, smoke from the nostrils, flames from the ears”), and parallelisms: “In the meantime, the sorceress came and brought damage to the queen: Alyonushka became sick, but so thin and pale. In the royal court everything was gloomy; the flowers in the garden began to wither, the trees to dry, the grass to fade.
Sayings, traditional beginnings, endings. Their appointment - delimit fairy tale from everyday life.“In a certain kingdom, in a certain state”, “once upon a time there were” are the most characteristic beginnings of a Russian fairy tale. The ending, like the saying, usually has a comic character, it is rhythmic, rhyming, pronounced with a tongue twister. Often the storyteller ended his story with a description of the feast: “They arranged a feast for the whole world, and I was there, honey, drinking beer, it flowed down my mustache, but it didn’t get into my mouth.” Explicitly to listeners childhood such a saying is addressed: "Here's a fairy tale for you, and a bunch of bagels for me."
Fairy tale features:
The tale is more often written in prose, but it can also be in verse;
She talks about magical events;
Gives a general picture of the real world;
In it, good triumphs over evil;
The hero goes through a series of trials, from which, after experiencing difficulties, he emerges victorious;
The tale expresses the people's dreams of a better life;
The fairy tale loves bright artistic devices;
A fairy tale often has a special beginning and ending.
Give examples of artistic means often used in fairy tales:
Hyperbole is an artistic exaggeration.
Comparison
antithesis - opposition
Saying - a kind of introduction or ending in a folk tale; usually unrelated to its content
A joke is a playful, witty expression, usually in a poetic form or a proverb.
Repetition - a technique in artistic speech, consisting in the double or multiple repetition of the same sounds, words, etc. in a certain sequence.
Answer the questions:
1) What are the stories about?
2) Who are the characters in fairy tales about animals?
3) What is told in everyday fairy tales?
4) Fairy tales in which fantastic (magical) events take place are called magical. Does the hero in fairy tales always cope with difficulties on his own, or is he sometimes helped by a magical assistant? Give an example.
Writing a fairy tale about animals
Make a table in your notebook and fill it with your own examples: imagine the qualities and traits of people through animals corresponding to these qualities (Hint: Use the plots of I.A. Krylov's fables known to you).
Human qualities Animal
positive
wisdom owl, snake
negative
stupidity donkey
Remember the habits and behavior of the animals you named.
Using the named verbs, make up the plot of a future fairy tale about animals, having previously selected its heroes.
In a dense and beautiful forest, in big house The Horse, the Rooster, the Cow, the Hen, the Dog and the Cat lived together.
The Rooster woke everyone up at dawn and took care of the Hen, the Horse plowed the land, sowed wheat and harvested. The cow gave milk to everyone. The dog guarded the house. The cat lulled everyone in the evening before going to bed. They lived and made good.
A lonely pig came across their house. I saw how the Horse, Cow, Rooster, Hen, Dog and Cat live, and envied them. For a long time she asked friendly and industrious animals to take her into big family. They agreed. The Pig was delighted, grunted loudly. Animals ask her: “What can you do?” The Pig answers: “I know how to eat everything. I can dig big holes. I can get fat fast." The Horse, Cow, Rooster, Chicken, Dog and Cat were upset and said: “We don’t need such skills!” The Pig was offended and dug deep holes in the yard. And then she went to the field, plowed and sown by the Horse, trampled, ate all the wheat and ate so much that she could not move. And a peasant passed by the field. He saw a fat pig, and drove with a stick to his village house - to make stew and sausage.
And again the Horse, the Cow, the Rooster, the Hen, the Dog and the Cat began to live and live and make good.
Find signs of a genre in a fairy tale. Underline and write their names.
Write a story about animals on a separate sheet of paper. Make illustrations.
We write a social fairy tale
List what character traits you dislike the most. Opposite each quality or group of qualities and character traits, draw and write down a portrait of a person whose appearance corresponds to this quality or character trait (use epithets, comparisons, hyperbole in the portrait).
Come up with the plot of a household fairy tale.
For example.
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived two brothers: one was Zhadka (he was very greedy), and the other was Shchedrotka (he gave everything he had to people).
(Include a portrait description of the brothers in the fairy tale).
Continue the story by answering the following questions:
How did others treat the brothers? (use the antithesis, pick up antonyms: loved - hated, respected - despised, came to visit - bypassed, etc.)
What can happen to Zhadka's wealth? (Options: fire, flood from a terrible downpour, hurricane, attack by thieves).
How did people repay Shchedrotka for her generosity and kindness?
And how did people punish Zhadka?
How do you think how the fairy tale should end if the good in it should overcome the evil? Should Zhadka change?
Did the brothers begin to live together and make good and share with people?
Title the story.
Find the features of this genre in the everyday fairy tale you wrote with the help of questions, underline them and sign them.
Write your own fairy tale. Make illustrations.
Writing a fairy tale
And now the fun begins. Think up and write down any fantastic events. But remember, they must be based on real incidents.
And if aliens act in your fairy tale, they should still look like people, since the subject of depiction in literature is always a person’s life, his relationship with other people, with power, with society, with the outside world.
Now try writing a story.
Use these tips:
In a fairy tale, you can talk about the transformations of heroes, the resurrection from the dead, endow animals with human speech, invent images of fantastic creatures, or use images of heroes known to you from myths, legends, beliefs and beliefs.
Remember that in fairy tales there may be a magical assistant to the protagonist.
The plot often uses three repetitions.
The hero in a fairy tale goes through a series of trials, receives an award for courage, courage, good-heartedness, ingenuity, diligence. And the evil, the selfish get punished.
You can use the image of the path-track, which plays the role of a person's fate.
The strength of the hero, his assistants and his enemies can be exaggerated.
Remember, fairy tales must have a happy ending.
Don't come up with too many characters. It will be difficult for you to connect their actions into one plot.
Follow the usual composition and essential elements of a fairy tale: a fairy tale beginning, repetitions, fantastic events, sayings, jokes, folklore epithets (beautiful girl, good fellow, dark forest, high mountains, dark forests, blue sea, silk grass, red sun, etc. ), fabulous ending.
When describing the characters and events, try to express your attitude to what is happening.
Having analyzed the structure of a folk tale, and especially carefully - its Russian version (which is to a large extent part of the Indo-European heritage, to which German and Italian tales also belong), V.Ya. Propp formulated the following three principles:
The constant, stable elements of a fairy tale are the functions of the characters, regardless of who and how they are performed.
The number of functions known to a fairy tale is limited.
The sequence of functions is always the same.
According to Propp's system, there are thirty-one of these functions, and if we take into account that they still vary and change inside, then there is enough material to give a description of the form of a fairy tale. Here she is:
1. Absence of any of the family members.
Parents leave for work. "The prince had to go on a long journey, leave his wife in someone else's hands." "He (the merchant) is leaving somehow for foreign countries." The usual forms of absence: to work, to the forest, to trade, to go to war, "on business".
An intensified form of absenteeism is the death of the parents.
Sometimes people of the younger generation are excommunicated. They go or go to visit, to fish, to walk, to pick berries.
"You can't look into this closet." "Take care of your brother, don't go out of the yard." "If the yaga-baba comes, you don't say anything, be silent." "The prince persuaded her a lot, commanded her not to leave the high tower," etc.
3. Violation of the prohibition.
The forms of the violation correspond to the forms of the prohibition, functions 2 and 3 form a paired element.
4. Finding out.
A new person now enters the tale, which can be called the hero's antagonist (the pest). His role is to disturb the peace of a happy family, cause some kind of trouble, cause harm, damage. The enemy of the hero can be a snake, and a devil, and robbers, and a witch, and a stepmother, etc. Finding out is aimed at finding out the whereabouts of children, sometimes precious objects, etc. Bear: "Who will tell me about the royal children, where did they go?" Bailiff: "Where do you get these semi-precious stones?"
5. Issuance.
The antagonist receives a direct answer to his question.
6. Trick.
An antagonist or pest takes on someone else's appearance. The serpent turns into a golden goat, a beautiful young man. The witch pretends to be a "hearty old woman", imitates her mother's voice. The thief pretends to be a beggar.
Then comes the function itself. The witch offers to accept the ring, the godfather offers to take a steam bath, the witch offers to take off her dress, swim in the pond. The stepmother gives her stepson poisoned cakes. She sticks a magic pin into his clothes. Evil sisters line the window through which Finist should fly in with knives and points.
7. Involuntary complicity.
The hero agrees to all the persuasion of the antagonist, i.e. takes a ring, goes to bathe, swim, etc. It can be seen that prohibitions are always violated, deceitful offers, on the contrary, are always accepted and carried out.
8. Wrecking (or shortage).
This function is extremely important, since it, in fact, creates the movement of a fairy tale.
An antagonist kidnaps a person. He steals or takes away the magical remedy. He plunders or spoils the crops. Inflicts physical damage. It causes sudden disappearance. He casts someone out. He orders someone to be thrown into the sea. He bewitches someone or something. He makes a change. He orders to kill. He commits murder. He kidnaps a man. He declares war, and so on. and so on. It should be noted here that the pest often causes two or three harms at once.
9. Mediation.
Trouble or shortage is reported, the hero is addressed with a request or order, sent away or released.
10. Beginning opposition.
The hero agrees or decides to resist. "Let us find your princesses."
11. The hero leaves the house.
The dispatches of heroes-seekers and heroes-victims are different. The first are aimed at searching, the second open the beginning of that path without searching, on which various adventures await the hero. The following must be borne in mind: if a girl is kidnapped and a seeker follows her, then the house is left by two persons. But the path followed by the story, the path on which the action is built, is the path of the seeker. If, for example, a girl is expelled and there is no seeker, then the narrative follows the departure and adventures of the injured hero.
12. The giver tests the hero.
The hero meets a magical giver. The hero is tested, interrogated, attacked, etc., which prepares for him to receive a magical agent or helper. Yaga gives the girl homework. Forest heroes offer the hero to serve for three years. The dying or deceased asks for a favor. The hero is asked for mercy, etc.
13. The hero reacts to the actions of the future donor.
The hero passes (fails) the test. The hero answers (does not answer) the greeting. He renders (does not render) a service to the deceased. He releases the prisoner. He spares the one who asks, etc.
14. Getting a magical remedy.
The following can serve as magical means: 1) animals (horse, eagle, etc.); 2) objects from which magical helpers are (a flint and a horse, a ring with fellows); 3) objects that have a magical property, such as clubs, swords, harp, balls, and many others; 4) qualities bestowed directly, such as strength, the ability to turn into animals, etc.
15. The hero is transferred, delivered or brought to the location of the subject of the search.
He flies through the air. On a horse, on a bird, in the form of a bird, on a flying ship, on a magic carpet, on the back of a giant or a spirit, in a devil's carriage, etc. Flying on a bird is sometimes accompanied by a detail: you need to feed it along the way, the hero takes a bull with him, etc. He rides on land or water. Riding a horse or a wolf. On the ship. The armless one carries the legless one. The cat swims across the river on the back of the dog. The ball points the way. The fox leads the hero to the princess, and so on.
16. The hero and the antagonist enter the fight.
They fight in the open field. This primarily includes a fight with a snake or with Miracle Yuda, etc., as well as a fight with an enemy army, with a hero, etc. They enter the competition. The hero with the help of cunning wins. The gypsy puts the Serpent to flight, squeezing out a piece of cottage cheese instead of a stone, passing off a club blow on the back of the head for a whistle, etc.
17. The hero is being targeted.
The hero gets injured during the battle. The princess wakes him up before the fight, inflicting a wound on his cheek with a knife. The princess marks the hero with a ring on the forehead. She kisses him, causing a star to light up on his forehead. The hero receives a ring or a towel. We have a combination of two forms in the event that the hero is wounded in battle and the wound is bandaged with a handkerchief of the princess or king.
18. Antagonist defeated.
He is defeated in open combat. He wins in a contest. He loses at cards. He loses at the weigh-in. He is killed without a preliminary fight (the Snake is killed sleeping). He is directly expelled, and so on.
19. Trouble or shortage is eliminated.
This function forms a pair with sabotage. With this function, the story reaches its apex.
20. The return of the hero.
The return is usually made in the same forms as the arrival.
21. The hero is persecuted.
The pursuer flies after the hero. The snake catches up with Ivan, the witch flies after the boy, the geese fly after the girl. He pursues the hero, quickly turning into various animals, etc. The sorcerer pursues the hero in the form of a wolf, a pike, a man, a rooster. Pursuers (Snake Wives, etc.) turn into tempting objects and get in the way of the hero. “I’ll run ahead and let him have a hot day, and I myself will become a green meadow: in this green meadow I will turn into a well, in this well a silver charm will float ... Then it will tear them apart like a poppy seed.”
22. The hero flees from persecution.
The hero runs, during the flight he puts obstacles for the pursuer. He throws a brush, a comb, a towel. They turn into mountains, forests, lakes. Vertogor and Vertodub twist mountains and oaks, put them in the way of the Serpent. The hero during the flight turns into objects that make him unrecognizable. The princess turns herself and the prince into a well and a ladle, into a church and a priest. The hero hides during the flight. A river, an apple tree, a stove hide a girl.
On salvation from persecution, many fairy tales end. The hero arrives home, then, if a girl has been obtained, he marries. But this does not always happen. The tale forces the hero to endure a new misfortune. Again his enemy appears, Ivan's booty is stolen, he himself is killed, and so on. In a word, the plotting sabotage is repeated, sometimes in the same forms as at the beginning, sometimes in others, new to the given tale. This starts a new story. There are no specific forms of repeated sabotage; we again have abduction, bewitchment, murder, and so on. But there are specific pests for this new scourge. These are Ivan's older brothers. Shortly before arriving home, they take away Ivan's prey, sometimes killing him himself. If they leave him alive, then in order for a new search to be created, it is necessary to somehow again draw a huge spatial line between the hero and the object of his search. This is achieved by throwing Ivan into an abyss (into a pit, into the underworld, sometimes into the sea), where he sometimes flies for three whole days. Then everything is repeated from the beginning, i.e. again a chance meeting with a giver, passing a test or a service rendered, etc., receiving a magical remedy and using it to return home to your kingdom. From this moment the development is different than at the beginning. This phenomenon means that many fairy tales consist of two sets of functions that can be called moves. A new misfortune creates a new move, and in this way a whole series of fairy tales is sometimes combined into one story. However, the development that will be outlined below, although it creates a new move, is a continuation of this tale.
23. The hero arrives unrecognized at home or in another country.
24. The false hero makes unfounded claims.
25. The hero is offered a difficult task.
26. The problem is solved.
27. The hero will be recognized.
28. The false hero or antagonist is exposed.
29. The hero is given a new look.
30. The enemy is punished.
31. The hero gets married.
Of course, not all fairy tales have all functions; the strict sequence of functions may be violated, jumps, additions, synthesis are possible, but this does not contradict the main move. A fairy tale can begin from the first function, from the seventh or from the twelfth, but - if, of course, the fairy tale is old enough - it is unlikely that it will go back, restore the missing pieces.
This concludes our observations on "Propp functions"; we will only advise - to those who have a desire - to exercise, compare the above list with the plot of any adventure film; it is amazing how many coincidences will be found and how almost exactly the same order will be observed: this is what the tradition of the fairy tale means, how imperishable it is, how it lives forever in our culture. Many adventure books adhere to the same canvas.
We are interested in these functions because on their basis we can build an infinite number of stories, just as you can compose as many melodies as you like, having twelve notes (not counting quarter tones, that is, remaining within the strictly limited sound system of the period of pre-electronic music adopted in the West) .
At our seminar in Reggio Emilia, in order to test "Proppian functions" for productivity, we arbitrarily reduced them to twenty, omitting some, and replacing others with the same number of fabulous topics. Two of our artist friends made twenty playing cards, each of which had a short name of the corresponding function and a drawing was depicted - conditional or caricatured, but each time very accurate:
1. Prescription or prohibition. 2. Violation. 3. Wrecking or shortage. 4. Departure of the hero. 5. Task. 6. Meeting with the donor. 7. Magic gifts. 8. The appearance of the hero. 9. Supernatural properties of the antagonist. 10. Fight. 11. Victory. 12. Return. 13. Arrival home. 14. False hero. 15. Difficult tests. 16. Trouble is eliminated. 17. Recognition of the hero. 18. The false hero is exposed. 19. Punishment of the antagonist. 20. Wedding.
Then the group began to work on inventing a story, built according to the "Propp row" system, from twenty "Propp cards". I must say, it was merry, with a noticeable bias in parody.
I saw that with the help of these "cards" it doesn't cost anything for the guys to compose a fairy tale, because each word of the series (denoting a function or a fairy-tale theme) is saturated with fairy-tale material and can be easily varied. I remember how the “prohibition” was once interpreted in a peculiar way: when leaving the house, the father forbade the children to throw pots of flowers from the balcony on the heads of passersby ...
When it came to " difficult trials", someone did not fail to suggest that the hero go to the cemetery at midnight: up to a certain age, this seems to the child the height of courage - nothing could be worse.
But the guys also like to shuffle the cards and come up with their own rules; for example, building a story on three cards drawn at random, or starting to compose from the end, or dividing the deck in half and acting in two groups, competing, who has the most entertaining story. It happens that a single card suggests a fairy tale. So, a card with the image of "magic gifts" was enough for one fourth-grade student to come up with a story about a pen that does its own homework.
Everyone can make a deck of "Propp's cards" - from twenty pieces or thirty-one, or even fifty, as they please: it is enough to write the names of functions or fabulous topics on the cards; You can do without an illustration.
Some people fall into the mistake of believing that this game is like a puzzle game where you are given twenty (or a thousand) pieces of some drawing with the task of restoring this mosaic drawing. As already mentioned, Propp's maps allow you to create an innumerable number of completed drawings, because each individual element is ambiguous, each lends itself to many interpretations ... "
How else can old fairy tales help us in writing new magical stories? These are the methods that Gianni Rodari offers us in the Grammar of Fantasy.
- "Distorting" an old fairy tale (for example, Little Red Riding Hood calls the police for help and chases the Wolf on a motorcycle; Cinderella goes to the royal ball, but comes to another kingdom).
Fairy tales "inside out" (for example, the Boy-with-Thumb does not run away from the Ogre, but becomes his friend, teaches him to eat porridge; Snow White met not seven dwarfs, but seven giants).
Continuation of the old fairy tale: what happened next?
A mixture of fairy tales (for example, Pinocchio helps Cinderella with the housework and goes to the ball with her; Sleeping Beauty is warned about the machinations of the evil witch Thumbelina).
Transferring the characters and the plot of the old fairy tale to another time and another place (for example, Hans the Pied Piper with his magic pipe, the sounds of which fascinate rats, in modern city also "hypnotizes" all the cars and takes them into the dungeon).
And this, of course, is not all that you can think of.
4. Determining the features of the difference between a fairy tale and other similar genres.
The teacher talks about various sources of information. The next section of the project will be created by processing the audio recording.
There are excerpts from the epic "Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor", a fairy tale and legend.
"Analysts" call features these genres.
"Illustrators" show the corresponding symbol and place it on the blank for the fourth section.
The difference between a fairy tale and other similar genres
5. Determining the features of the language of a fairy tale.
The teacher informs that in this section the staged dialogue will serve as a source of information. As homework illustrators have prepared a dramatization of a fragment of a fairy tale. The task of "analysts" is to find special fabulous words and expressions.
"Analysts" name such words and expressions after watching the dramatization.
The teacher places a reproduction of Vasnetsov's painting "Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf" on the blank of the fifth section.
"Illustrators" make a mini-sketch based on an illustration for a fairy tale using fairy-tale words and expressions.
6. Determining the features of using colors in a fairy tale.
The teacher makes a transition from the previous section.
– By illustrations, one can judge the predominance of certain colors in fairy tales. But illustration – this is just a reflection of the special coloring of fairy tales. From time immemorial people have given great importance color. Remember the directions for various colors from familiar stories.
Children from any group give examples.
– Compare situations where colors are mentioned and determine the approximate meaning of each color.
The task is also performed by students from any group.
For self-testing, the teacher attaches cards to the "Experimental Laboratory" different color: yellow, red, white. On the back of each card is written the approximate meaning of this color in the fairy tale. After the assumptions made by the children, the teacher turns the card over and the corresponding word appears. After the work is completed, the cards are placed in the sixth section of the project.
VI. Project testing stage.
The teacher says that as a result of detailed processing various kinds information and fixing the results of this processing, a reference table was obtained for compiling a message about a fairy tale as a genre.
The test of the created project will be carried out by students from the group of "testers".
"Testers" tell in turn based on the compiled table.
VII. Lesson results.
– What is the goal and what task did we set for ourselves at the beginning of the lesson?
– Learn to use and process the information received; create a reference table during the development of the project.
– Were we able to achieve our goals and objectives? What difficulties have been encountered? What seemed the most interesting?
Children respond according to the results of the work.
“A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it,
good fellows a lesson "(A. S. Pushkin)
(generalizing lesson on Russian folk tales)
Goals: introduce children to the origins of Russian culture; to teach to appreciate the native word, to use beautiful Russian speech; generalize and consolidate the previously studied material about Russian folk tales, their compositional and artistic features.
Type of lesson: lesson-repetition.
Type of lesson: lesson-game.
Technology: elements of game technology.
Equipment: illustrations for Russian folk tales; fairy tale books; musical works.
Previously, the class was divided into two teams, in each of which a captain was chosen. Leaders were appointed. Each team had to prepare a performance-presentation of the team. As homework, it was necessary to prepare a dramatization of an excerpt from any Russian folk tale.
A jury is invited to the lesson, it can be high school students or teachers.
During the classes
A piece of music sounds (the teacher, at his discretion, uses music to create emotional mood students to the lesson), to applause, students in costumes of heroes of Russian folk tales enter the class, sit down in their places (in teams).
Hosts enter – Good fellow and the Red Maiden, who holds a loaf in her hands on a towel.
Good fellow. A low bow to you, good fellows, yes fair girls. Welcome to the amazing land of fairy tales – glorious capital Skazovograd.
Red girl. Bow to you, dear guests (brings a loaf to the jury).
You eat bread and salt
Yes, listen to the story.
Good fellow. In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived, there were good fellows and red maidens. They grew up, they read fairy tales, they learned good things, they gained their minds. And somehow the royal decree comes.
herald (takes out a scroll, reads).
Royal Decree!
I, the king of a fairy-tale state, command: to get ready for the journey, appear to the queen, console with knowledge, amuse with a fairy tale. And if it will be her will to find out something else. The queen has a chest of wisdom, which you cannot count for a whole century. But if you shine with your mind, you will take a gift with you.
1st presenter And we look for the queen in distant kingdom, in Far Far Away, on green hills, among meadows and oak forests. But how can we get there, how can we get there? And where the fairy tale begins, there the miracle happens. I have a magic bag, it contains fabulous heels. Whatever you take from the bag, you will get to Fairytale City on that.
He approaches each team in turn, the captain takes out a piece of paper from the bag, on which a fabulous vehicle is written.
Options: flying carpet, walking boots, Baba Yaga stupa, Emelya oven.
2nd presenter (girl in folk costume). So, good fellows, red maidens, we are going on a dangerous, but very exciting journey. Here is a ball for each team (gives balls to teams) so as not to get lost in a fairy-tale land.
And here is your first task: the teams need to introduce themselves.
I invite the first team.
The first team shows their business card.
Welcome to the second team.
The second team shows their business card.
After each performance, the team shows the homework.
1st leader. How long, how short, but now we are visiting the waterman.
Sounds "Song of the Waterman" from the cartoon "Flying Ship".
Here, a wondrous wonder awaits you: the Animal Bridge is on chains, forest birds flock here, the inhabitants of oak forests gather, fish splash under the bridge, they know the word of the prophet. Know something they know, but not everyone opens it. Everyone is glad to see you, everyone has questions in reserve.
The teacher asks the teams a question first competition:
- Name the Russian folk tales, where as characters for the 1st team – bear, and for the 2nd team – fox.
You are given two minutes to prepare. Teams answer in turn.
Good fellow. While the jury is evaluating the performance of the teams and the first competition, we will go further through the fairyland, and we will meet with Baba Yaga.
The piece of music “Chatushki Grandmothers Ezhek” from the cartoon “Flying Ship” sounds, three students perform a dance to this piece of music.
Baba Yaga. Fu-fu, it smells like a Russian spirit. Here I am, dear guests. Oh, how many are you? And I have enough for lunch, and for dinner, and even a dozen or two in reserve will have to be left. Didn't know whose house they were in? Well, I lured you here.
Good fellow. Wait, granny yagulenka, have pity on the guys, they are still small. The guys are ready to solve all your riddles.
Baba Yaga. And that's right. I'll take you to the Curiosity Yard. There are magical objects here: birds, animals, gems.
Why is there nothing here!
And I'll tell you, don't melt
Each one has its own secret.
The teacher conducts second competition. Children are offered magical items, for example, an apple, a tablecloth, self-assembly, a ball, a comb.
Task: what role do these magical objects play in fairy tales?
Students think and answer.
The jury sums up the results of two competitions.
2nd presenterIn the middle of Fairytale City – Cave of the Serpent Gorynych, and a treasure is hidden in it. In the treasure trove of wealth is incalculable – Russian speech is self-colored.
You know that there is no fairy tale without a saying. Without a saying, a fairy tale that without skids is a sled.
The teacher holds the third competition, reads the beginning of the saying, and the teams take turns finishing them.
The fairy tale is coming soon... (yes, it's not going to be done soon).
Not in a fairy tale... (not to describe with a pen).
Grows by the day... (and by the hour).
What are you, well done, not cheerful ... (violently hung his head).
Red girl. So, we have passed all the most difficult. They cheered the queen up, consoled her with knowledge, they themselves gathered their wits, played enough with curiosities.
Good fellow. A little bit of good, it's time to hit the road.
The jury sums up the game, rewards the teams.
At the end of the lesson, you can have a tea party.
summary by section
"folklore".
Fabulous adventures of Vitya and Masha
Goals: repeat and summarize the knowledge gained in this section; continue to develop the horizons of students.
During the classes
The song "Fairy tales walk around the world" sounds.
Leading. This story happened in our city with third grade students Vitya and Masha. After school, the guys always walked through the park home. It was very beautiful there at any time of the year. When they walked, they looked at the flowers that appeared, fluttering butterflies above them, listened to the birds singing.
But suddenly - Masha saw a large hollow near the oak.
Masha. Vitya, Vitya, come here quickly!
Vitya. What's happened?
Masha. Look, yesterday there was no this hollow. Who could make it? Let's see what's inside.
Vitya. What are you, Masha. What if someone was hiding there?
Leading. But Masha did not listen to Vitya. She had already taken a step into the hollow, grabbing Vitya by the hand, and... they ended up in a green meadow. The grass was very soft, like silk. Looking at the meadow, where many different flowers grew, it seemed that you were standing on a carpet. Sun was shining. A forest was visible in the distance. From which "blew" fear.
Masha. Where are we? Where did you get?
Vitya. I told you not to climb into the hollow, now you have to think how to get out of here.
Masha. We'll come up with something. Look who's there? He runs, the earth trembles, smoke pours out of his ears, flames burst from his nostrils.
Leading. Guys, from which fairy tale is the horse? How to call him?
Sivka-burka, prophetic kaurka, stand in front of me like a leaf in front of grass!
Vitya. Sivka-burka, where are we, where are we?
Sivka-burka . You are in fairyland.
Masha. Can I see your country?
Sivka-burka . Of course you can. To do this, you need to answer my questions and the questions of everyone you meet, then you can return home.
1) How many times did Ivanushka visit the princess? (3 times.)
2) What mushrooms did Ivanushka bring? (fly agaric.)
3) What words end the fairy tale "Sivka-burka"? (“I was at that feast, I drank honey-beer, it flowed down my mustache, but it didn’t get into my mouth.”)
Sivka-burka . Get on me.
Leading. And they galloped through the fields, through the meadows, through the fabulous kingdoms. They come to a fork in three roads. They look, the stone lies, and on it is written: “Who will go to the right – will be rich. Who will go to the left – will lose a friend. Who will go straight – he himself will be lost and will not save his friend.
And Sivka-burka disappeared.
Vitya. Masha, let's go right, I want to be rich. I'll buy myself a cake, ice cream and treat you.
Masha. Scary, what if there's a trap?
Vitya. If it's scary, we'll call Sivka-burka.
Masha. Okay, let's go.
Leading. They go, go and see: the forest sparkles, the glade shimmers with gold, on the trees instead of leaves – gold coins, flowers in the clearing are all made of gold. Vitya and Masha began to pluck the leaves and put them in their pockets. (Masha picked up a bouquet of golden flowers, handed it out to the guys.) Suddenly the sky darkened, the sun hid, Koschei the Deathless appeared.
Koschei the Deathless. Who gave you permission to tear my flowers and pluck the golden leaves? Now you will stay with me forever and will forever serve me, take care of my gold. But you have one chance. On reverse side The question is written on a piece of paper, whoever answers it correctly, I will let him go.
Students answer questions and return flowers and leaves.
1. On how many oaks did the Nightingale the Robber sit? (on three.)
2. What heroes were at the feast of Prince Vladimir?
3. How did Ivanushka from the fairy tale “Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka” become a boy again?
4. How did Nikita Kozhemyaka defeat the snake?
5. How did Nikita Kozhemyak and Zmey divide the land?
6. What did the brothers guard in the fairy tale "Sivka-burka"?
7. What did the brothers guard in the fairy tale "Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf"?
8. Who did Ivan catch in the fairy tale "Sivka-burka"?
9. Who did Ivan Tsarevich catch in the tale of gray wolf?
10. Where did Dobrynya Nikitich live?
11. How old was Ilya Muromets?
12. What was the nickname of Dobrynya Nikitich?
Leading. As soon as the last leaf was returned to Koshchei, the guys were again near the stone.
Vitya. Yes, you can't get rich.
Masha. But they remained alive. Let's go home.
Vitya. No, go left. Let's find out what's there.
Leading. Vitya and Masha are walking along the path, they see a hut on chicken legs.
What needs to be said to the hut so that it turns to them?
Masha and Vitya. Hut-hut, stand back to the forest, and front to us.
Leading. Vitya and Masha entered the hut, and Baba Yaga lived there.
Baba Yaga. Now I have lunch and dinner.
Masha. Wait, Baba Yaga, why eat us, I'll cook so many tasty things for you now.
And she began to cook.
Leading. Baba Yaga ate and became kinder.
Baba Yaga. Well, thanks for the food. For this I will not eat you, but I will not let you go either. I'm bored here alone. Nobody plays with me.
Vitya. Let's play Guess the Story. The guys will read the passage, and we will guess, and vice versa.
1. "Walked, walked - the sun is high, the well is far away, the heat is pestering, the sweat comes out."
2. “The horse is running, the earth is trembling, smoke is pouring out of the ears, flames are blazing from the nostrils.” ("Sivka-burka")
3. "And the king had a magnificent garden." ("Ivan Tsarevich and the Grey Wolf".)
4. "- Let me go, mother, go to the Puchai River, swim in the icy water - the summer heat has exhausted me." (“Dobrynya and the Serpent.”)
5. “- Do you feel a lot of strength in yourself?
“A lot, strangers. If only I had a shovel, I plowed the whole earth. (“Healing of Ilya Muromets.”)
6. “- What kind of ignoramus is driving here, past my reserved oaks?”
7. "The witch ordered to build high fires, heat cast-iron boilers, sharpen damask knives." (“Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka.”)
8. “The brothers returned home and told their wives what they saw in the city: - Well, mistresses, what a fine fellow came to the king! We have never seen anything like this. Only three logs did not jump to the princess. ("Sivka-burka")
9. " The right word said the priest's son - it is not good for a hero to sit at a feast, to grow a stomach. Let me go, prince, to the wide steppes, to see if the enemy is prowling native Rus', whether the robbers lay down somewhere. (“Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber.”)
10. “I told you not to move the cage! Why didn't you listen to my order?
- Okay, sit on me. I took hold of the tug, don’t say that it’s not hefty. ” ("Ivan Tsarevich and the Grey Wolf".)
11. “He drove up to the Oka River, rested his shoulder in high mountain that was on the shore, and dumped it into the Oka River. The mountain blocked the channel, the river flowed in a new way. (“Healing of Ilya Muromets.”)
12. “From the whip at Burushka, strength came, he began to jump high, throw stones a mile away, began to shake off the serpents' feet away from them. He beats them with his hoof and tears them with his teeth and trampled them all to the last. (“Dobrynya and the Serpent.”)
Vitya. We played with you, grandmother, now let's go home.
Baba Yaga. No, I still want to. I want to be told fairy tales, but not those that I have already heard, but new ones invented by you. And the beginning will be like this ... "In a certain kingdom, in a certain state ..."
Students in a "chain", one sentence at a time, come up with a fairy tale.
Baba Yaga. Thank you, pleased. How I don’t want to let you go, but I keep my word, even though Baba Yaga. Go. If you are still here, come in, play, tell each other fairy tales.
Leading. Masha and Vitya said goodbye to Baba Yaga and moved on. We came back to the stone.
Masha. I will not go along the middle road, we will disappear together. I want to go home. Let's call Sivka-burka, and he will take us home.
Vitya. But nothing happened to us. Let's go and find out what's out there. And if we can't do it, then we'll call Sivka-burka, and he'll rush us off in an instant.
Leading. Vitya and Masha went along the middle, straight path. They walk, look around, do not want to lose each other. They go, they see – swamp, and in the swamp – bumps, on bumps objects from fairy tales (words). If you guess which fairy tale the object is from, you can cross the swamp.
Leading. The guys went through the swamp. They go further. see – mountain. Do not bypass it, do not climb over it. Watching – inscription: “If you write the words correctly, the rock will open and you will see a passage. If there is a mistake in even one word, then stones will fall and overwhelm you.
Vertically:
1. What was the name of the horse of Ilya Muromets?
2. Which river did Dobrynya Nikitich go to?
4. In which city did Vladimir the Red Sun reign?
Horizontally:
2. How much did the arrow of Ilya Muromets weigh?
3. What did Ivanushka the Fool bring in a basket?
5. What was the name of Kozhemyaku?
6. Who turned Ivanushka into a kid?
Leading. Opened the passage to the mountains. Masha and Vitya walked along it and ended up in a clearing. And on it are stones, on them are inscriptions. If you do not find a pair for each stone, then the Serpent Gorynych will fly in and eat you.
Vitya. Okay, say the spell.
The guys all together call Sivka-burka.
Sivka-burka . Wanted to go home? But first, tell me three fairy tales where there is also a horse, and three fairy tales where magic happens.
Well done, now get on me, I'll take you home.
Leading. Before the guys had time to catch their breath, they ended up in the park. They took their portfolios and went home.
Teacher. What works of oral folk art have we repeated?
- Name your favorite characters.
– What actions of the heroes do you disapprove of?
How do all fairy tales end? Why?
How did our story end?
fable. acquaintance with new
literary genre
Goals: to develop the creative abilities of students, the need for reading, the ability to independently learn new things, based on existing knowledge.
Equipment: a card with the name "Aesop"; cards "fable", "fabulist"; portrait of I. A. Krylov; sheets with the text of Aesop's fable "The Fox and the Grapes"; explanatory dictionaries(Shvetsova, Ozhegov); reference table for independent reading (see appendix); a card with terms familiar and unfamiliar to children: morality, winged words, personification, allegory. (A door is drawn on the back of the card.)
