Social science. A new complete guide for preparing for the Unified State Exam. Ed. Baranova P.A.
3rd ed. - M.: 2017. - 544 p. M.: 2016. - 544 p.
In the directory addressed to graduates high school and applicants are given the full material of the “Social Studies” course, which will be tested on the unified state exam. The structure of the book corresponds to the modern codifier of content elements in the subject, on the basis of which examination tasks - control and measurement tests - are compiled Unified State Exam materials(KIMS). The directory presents block modules “Man and Society”, “Economics”, “Social Relations”, “Politics”, “Law”, which form the basis of the school course “Social Studies”. A brief and visual form of presentation - in the form of diagrams and tables - ensures maximum efficiency in preparing for the exam. Sample assignments and answers to them, completing each topic, will help to objectively assess the level of knowledge, skills and abilities.
Format: pdf ( 2017 , 3rd ed., 544 pp.)
Size: 2.6 MB
Watch, download:drive.google
Format: pdf ( 2016 , 544 pp.; white)
Size: 8 MB
Watch, download:drive.google
Format: pdf (2016 , 544 pp.; blue)
Size: 8.1 MB
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CONTENT
Preface 6
BLOCK MODULE 1. PERSON AND SOCIETY
Topic 1.1. Natural and social in man. (Man as a result of biological and sociocultural evolution) 12
Topic 1.2. Worldview, its types and forms 17
Topic 1.3. Types of knowledge 20
Topic 1.4. The concept of truth, its criteria 26
Topic 1.5. Thinking and activity 30
Topic 1.6. Needs and interests 41
Topic 1.7. Freedom and necessity in human activity. Freedom and responsibility 45
Topic 1.8. System structure of society: elements and subsystems 50
Topic 1.9. Basic institutions of society 55
Topic 1.10. The concept of culture. Forms and varieties of culture 58
Topic 1.11. The science. Main features of scientific thinking. Natural and social sciences and humanities 65
Topic 1.12. Education, its significance for the individual and society 78
Topic 1.13. Religion 81
Topic 1.14. Art 89
Topic 1.15. Morale 95
Topic 1.16. Concept social progress 101
Topic 1.17. Multivariate social development(types of societies) 106
Topic 1.18. Threats of the 21st century ( global problems) 109
BLOCK MODULE 2. ECONOMY
Topic 2.1. Economics and economic science 116
Topic 2.2. Factors of production and factor income 122
Topic 2.3. Economic systems 126
Topic 2.4. Market and market mechanism. Supply and demand 134
Topic 2.5. Fixed and variable costs 145
Topic 2.6. Financial institutions. Banking system 147
Topic 2.7. Main sources of business financing 154
Topic 2.8. Securities 160
Topic 2.9. Labor market. Unemployment 163
Topic 2.10. Types, causes and consequences of inflation 173
Topic 2.11. Economic growth and development. Concept of GDP 177
Topic 2.12. The role of the state in the economy 184
Topic 2.13. Taxes 191
Topic 2.14. State budget 195
Topic 2.15. World economy 202
Topic 2.16. Rational economic behavior of the owner, employee, consumer, family man, citizen 210
BLOCK MODULE 3. SOCIAL RELATIONS
Topic 3.1. Social stratification and mobility 216
Topic 3.2. Social groups 227
Topic 3.3. Youth like social group 232
Topic 3.4. Ethnic communities 235
Topic 3.5. Interethnic relations, ethnosocial conflicts, ways to resolve them 240
Topic 3.6. Constitutional principles (fundamentals) national policy in the Russian Federation 249
Topic 3.7. Social conflict 252
Topic 3.8. Types of social norms 260
Topic 3.9. Social control 264
Topic 3.10. Family and marriage 267
Topic 3.11. Deviant behavior and its types 272
Topic 3.12. Social role 276
Topic 3.13. Socialization of the individual 280
BLOCK MODULE 4. POLITICS
Topic 4.1. The concept of power 283
Topic 4.2. The state, its functions 291
Topic 4.3. Political system 304
Topic 4.4. Typology of political regimes 307
Topic 4.5. Democracy, its basic values and characteristics 310
Topic 4.6. Civil society and the state 314
Topic 4.7. Political elite 323
Topic 4.8. Political parties and movements 327
Topic 4.9. Media in political system 336
Topic 4.10. Election campaign in Russia 342
Topic 4.11. Political process 351
Topic 4.12. Political participation 355
Topic 4.13. Political Leadership 360
Topic 4.14. Government bodies of the Russian Federation 364
Topic 4.15. Federal structure of Russia 374
BLOCK MODULE 5. LAW
Topic 5.1. Law in the system of social norms 381
Topic 5.2. System of Russian law. Legislative process in the Russian Federation 395
Topic 5.3. Concept and types of legal liability 401
Topic 5.4. Constitution Russian Federation. Fundamentals of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation 409
Topic 5.5. Legislation of the Russian Federation on elections 417
Topic 5.6. Subjects civil law 421
Topic 5.7. Organizational and legal forms and legal regime of entrepreneurial activity 428
Topic 5.8. Property and non-property rights 433
Topic 5.9. Hiring procedure. The procedure for concluding and terminating an employment contract 440
Topic 5.10. Legal regulation of relations between spouses. Procedure and conditions for concluding and dissolving a marriage 448
Topic 5.11. Features of administrative jurisdiction 453
Topic 5.12. Right to favorable environment and ways to protect it 460
Topic 5.13. International law (international protection of human rights in peacetime and war) 468
Topic 5.14. Disputes, procedure for their consideration 473
Topic 5.15. Basic rules and principles of civil procedure 476
Topic 5.16. Features of the criminal process 484
Topic 5.17. Citizenship of the Russian Federation 495
Topic 5.18. Conscription, alternative civilian service 501
Topic 5.19. Rights and obligations of the taxpayer 509
Topic 5.20. Law enforcement agencies. Judiciary 513
Training version of the examination paper in social studies 523
Evaluation system for examination work in social studies 536
Literature 540
The reference book includes material from the school course “Social Studies”, which is tested on a single state exam(USE). The structure of the book corresponds to the Federal state standard secondary (complete) education in the subject on the basis of which examination tasks are developed - control measuring materials (CMMs), which make up the examination paper in social studies.
The directory presents the following content blocks-modules: “Man and Society”, “Economy”, “Social Relations”, “Politics”, “Law”, which form the core of the content of school social studies education and correspond to the codifier of social studies content elements tested within Unified State Exam.
The reference book, addressed to high school graduates and applicants, provides the full content of the “Social Studies” course, which is tested on the unified state exam.
The structure of the book corresponds to the modern codifier of content elements in the subject, on the basis of which examination tasks are compiled - control measuring materials of the Unified State Examination (KIM).
The reference book presents the following content module blocks: “Man and Society”, “Economics”, “Social Relations”, “Politics”, “Law”.
A brief and visual form of presentation - in the form of diagrams and tables - ensures maximum efficiency in preparing for the exam. Sample assignments and answers to them, completing each topic, will help to objectively assess the level of knowledge, skills and abilities.
Features of thinking.
Social in nature, despite the fact that it is a process occurring in the human cerebral cortex. After all, to formulate and solve any problem, a person uses laws, rules, concepts that were discovered in human practice.
Inextricably linked with language. A person's thoughts are expressed in language. With its help, a person learns about the objective world. This happens because language somehow corresponds to the objects of reality, their properties and relationships. In other words, there are elements in the language that replace named objects. These elements play the role of representatives of objects of knowledge in thinking; they are signs of objects, properties or relationships.
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The following textbooks and books.
P. A. Baranov, A. V. Vorontsov, S. V. Shevchenko
Social studies: a complete guide to preparing for the Unified State Exam
Preface
The reference book includes material from the school course “Social Studies,” which is tested on the Unified State Exam. The structure of the book corresponds to the Standard of Secondary (Complete) Education in the subject on the basis of which examination tasks are compiled - test and measuring materials (KIM) of the Unified State Exam.
The reference book presents the following sections of the course: “Society”, “Spiritual life of society”, “Man”, “Cognition”, “Politics”, “Economics”, “Social relations”, “Law”, which form the core of the content of public education tested within the framework of the Unified State Exam. This reinforces the practical focus of the book.
Compact and clear form of presentation, a large number of diagrams and tables contribute to better understanding and memorization of theoretical material.
In the process of preparing for the social studies exam, it is very important not only to master the content of the course, but also to navigate the types of tasks on the basis of which written work, which is a form, is built conducting the Unified State Exam. Therefore, after each topic, assignment options with answers and comments are presented. These tasks are designed to form ideas about the form of testing and measuring materials in social studies, their level of complexity, the features of their implementation, and are aimed at developing skills tested within the framework of the Unified State Exam:
– recognize the signs of concepts, characteristic features of a social object, elements of its description;
– compare social objects, identifying them common features and differences;
– correlate social science knowledge with the social realities that reflect them;
– evaluate various judgments about social objects from the point of view of social sciences;
– analyze and classify social information presented in various sign systems (diagram, table, diagram);
– recognize concepts and their components: correlate specific concepts with generic ones and eliminate unnecessary ones;
– establish correspondences between essential features and characteristics social phenomena and social science terms and concepts;
– apply knowledge about the characteristic features, signs of concepts and phenomena, social objects of a certain class, selecting the necessary items from the proposed list;
– distinguish between facts and opinions, arguments and conclusions in social information;
– name terms and concepts, social phenomena corresponding to the proposed context, and apply social scientific terms and concepts in the proposed context;
– list the signs of a phenomenon, objects of the same class, etc.;
– reveal the most important ones using examples theoretical principles and concepts of social sciences and humanities; give examples of certain social phenomena, actions, situations;
– apply social and humanitarian knowledge in the process of solving cognitive and practical problems that reflect actual problems human life and society;
– carry out a comprehensive search, systematization and interpretation of social information on a specific topic from original non-adapted texts (philosophical, scientific, legal, political, journalistic);
– formulate your own judgments and arguments on certain problems based on acquired social and humanitarian knowledge.
This will allow you to overcome a certain psychological barrier before the exam, associated with the ignorance of the majority of examinees how they should formalize the result of the completed task.
Section 1. Society
Topic 1. Society as a special part of the world. System structure of society
The complexity of defining the concept of “society” is associated primarily with its extreme generality, and in addition, with its enormous significance. This led to the presence of many definitions of this concept.
Concept "society" in a broad sense, the word can be defined as a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it, which includes: ways of interaction between people; forms of unification of people.
Society in in the narrow sense words are:
– a circle of people united by a common goal, interests, origin(for example, a society of numismatists, a noble assembly);
– individual specific society, country, state, region(for example, modern Russian society, French society);
– historical stage in the development of humanity(eg feudal society, capitalist society);
This book is tutorial for fast and effective preparation graduates of primary school for state (final) certification (GIA) in social studies, which in its content corresponds to the state standard of basic general education by subject. The manual is intended to assist in systematizing, deepening and generalizing knowledge on the content block of the social studies course “The Economic Sphere of Society.”
The express course presented in the first part of the manual, which reveals the content of this block, is adequate to the codifier of content elements in social studies, tested within the framework of the State Examination.
In the process of preparing for the State Examination in Social Sciences, it is very important to transform the content of the material into something more accessible for perception, to identify the most significant features of social objects and phenomena, to reveal the essence of social science concepts, the most typical and significant features modern society, forms and directions of its development. The tools for accomplishing this task are structural and logical diagrams and tables that compactly reveal the most significant issues of the social science course of the basic school and contribute to the understanding and deep assimilation of the material.
The second part of the manual includes variable training tasks in preparation for the State Examination in Social Studies. These tasks correspond to control measurement materials (CMMs), on the basis of which written work is based, which is a form of conducting the State Examination in Social Studies.
Structure of examination paper in social studies
The training tasks are aimed at developing the skills tested as part of the examination work in social studies:
– recognize the essential features of concepts, characteristic features of a social object, elements of its description;
– define a concept, a social phenomenon based on its essential feature, proposed characteristics;
– recognize concepts and their components: correlate specific concepts with generic ones and eliminate unnecessary ones;
– compare social objects, identifying their common features and differences;
– give examples of social phenomena, objects, human activities, situations regulated by various social norms that are relevant in a given context;
– search for social information in various sources;
– evaluate various judgments about social objects from the point of view of social sciences;
– analyze, classify, interpret existing social information, correlate it with the knowledge acquired while studying the course;
– apply social science terms and concepts in the proposed context;
– apply social and humanitarian knowledge in the process of solving cognitive and practical problems that reflect current problems of human life and society;
– formulate your own judgments and arguments on certain problems based on acquired social and humanitarian knowledge;
– evaluate people’s behavior from the point of view of social norms.
Completing training tasks will allow you to test your knowledge, skills, and abilities, which will make it possible to more objectively assess the level of your social science training in the content block “Economic sphere of society.”
At the end of the manual, answers to all proposed tasks are presented. Check your answer against the standard. If your answer does not match the answer given in the manual, refer back to the contents of the task and try to understand what your mistake is.
To satisfy all the diverse needs, a person is forced to enter into “business relationships” with other people. To satisfy his own needs, a person offers something of his own for others in exchange. In other words, everyone can satisfy their need only after they have satisfied someone else’s need.
Having received what he wants as a result of exchange on the market, a person carries out direct consumption, which temporarily satisfies him and gives rise to new needs. Satisfying one need leads to the formation of a new one. Human needs are limitless and growing all the time. Their growth constantly develops production. After all, it is only necessary to produce what a person needs. On the other hand, the development of production and technological changes in society not only expand the range of human desires and preferences, but also change the structure of his needs.
Social science. A new complete guide for preparing for the Unified State Exam. Ed. Baranova P.A.
3rd ed. - M.: 2017. - 544 p. M.: 2016. - 544 p.
The reference book, addressed to high school graduates and applicants, provides in full the material of the “Social Studies” course, which will be tested on the unified state exam. The structure of the book corresponds to the modern codifier of content elements in the subject, on the basis of which examination tasks are compiled - testing and measuring materials of the Unified State Examination (KIM). The directory presents block modules “Man and Society”, “Economics”, “Social Relations”, “Politics”, “Law”, which form the basis of the school course “Social Studies”. A brief and visual form of presentation - in the form of diagrams and tables - ensures maximum efficiency in preparing for the exam. Sample assignments and answers to them, completing each topic, will help to objectively assess the level of knowledge, skills and abilities.
Format: pdf ( 2017 , 3rd ed., 544 pp.)
Size: 2.6 MB
Watch, download:drive.google
Format: pdf ( 2016 , 544 pp.; white)
Size: 8 MB
Watch, download:drive.google
Format: pdf (2016 , 544 pp.; blue)
Size: 8.1 MB
Watch, download:drive.google
CONTENT
Preface 6
BLOCK MODULE 1. PERSON AND SOCIETY
Topic 1.1. Natural and social in man. (Man as a result of biological and sociocultural evolution) 12
Topic 1.2. Worldview, its types and forms 17
Topic 1.3. Types of knowledge 20
Topic 1.4. The concept of truth, its criteria 26
Topic 1.5. Thinking and activity 30
Topic 1.6. Needs and interests 41
Topic 1.7. Freedom and necessity in human activity. Freedom and responsibility 45
Topic 1.8. System structure of society: elements and subsystems 50
Topic 1.9. Basic institutions of society 55
Topic 1.10. The concept of culture. Forms and varieties of culture 58
Topic 1.11. The science. Main features of scientific thinking. Natural and social sciences and humanities 65
Topic 1.12. Education, its significance for the individual and society 78
Topic 1.13. Religion 81
Topic 1.14. Art 89
Topic 1.15. Morale 95
Topic 1.16. Concept of Social Progress 101
Topic 1.17. Multivariate social development (types of societies) 106
Topic 1.18. Threats of the 21st century (global problems) 109
BLOCK MODULE 2. ECONOMY
Topic 2.1. Economics and economic science 116
Topic 2.2. Factors of production and factor income 122
Topic 2.3. Economic systems 126
Topic 2.4. Market and market mechanism. Supply and demand 134
Topic 2.5. Fixed and variable costs 145
Topic 2.6. Financial institutions. Banking system 147
Topic 2.7. Main sources of business financing 154
Topic 2.8. Securities 160
Topic 2.9. Labor market. Unemployment 163
Topic 2.10. Types, causes and consequences of inflation 173
Topic 2.11. Economic growth and development. Concept of GDP 177
Topic 2.12. The role of the state in the economy 184
Topic 2.13. Taxes 191
Topic 2.14. State budget 195
Topic 2.15. World Economy 202
Topic 2.16. Rational economic behavior of the owner, employee, consumer, family man, citizen 210
BLOCK MODULE 3. SOCIAL RELATIONS
Topic 3.1. Social stratification and mobility 216
Topic 3.2. Social groups 227
Topic 3.3. Youth as a social group 232
Topic 3.4. Ethnic communities 235
Topic 3.5. Interethnic relations, ethnosocial conflicts, ways to resolve them 240
Topic 3.6. Constitutional principles (foundations) of national policy in the Russian Federation 249
Topic 3.7. Social conflict 252
Topic 3.8. Types of social norms 260
Topic 3.9. Social control 264
Topic 3.10. Family and marriage 267
Topic 3.11. Deviant behavior and its types 272
Topic 3.12. Social role 276
Topic 3.13. Socialization of the individual 280
BLOCK MODULE 4. POLITICS
Topic 4.1. The concept of power 283
Topic 4.2. The state, its functions 291
Topic 4.3. Political system 304
Topic 4.4. Typology of political regimes 307
Topic 4.5. Democracy, its basic values and characteristics 310
Topic 4.6. Civil society and the state 314
Topic 4.7. Political elite 323
Topic 4.8. Political parties and movements 327
Topic 4.9. Mass media in the political system 336
Topic 4.10. Election campaign in the Russian Federation 342
Topic 4.11. Political process 351
Topic 4.12. Political participation 355
Topic 4.13. Political Leadership 360
Topic 4.14. Government bodies of the Russian Federation 364
Topic 4.15. Federal structure of Russia 374
BLOCK MODULE 5. LAW
Topic 5.1. Law in the system of social norms 381
Topic 5.2. System of Russian law. Legislative process in the Russian Federation 395
Topic 5.3. Concept and types of legal liability 401
Topic 5.4. Constitution of the Russian Federation. Fundamentals of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation 409
Topic 5.5. Legislation of the Russian Federation on elections 417
Topic 5.6. Subjects of civil law 421
Topic 5.7. Organizational and legal forms and legal regime of entrepreneurial activity 428
Topic 5.8. Property and non-property rights 433
Topic 5.9. Hiring procedure. The procedure for concluding and terminating an employment contract 440
Topic 5.10. Legal regulation of relations between spouses. Procedure and conditions for concluding and dissolving a marriage 448
Topic 5.11. Features of administrative jurisdiction 453
Topic 5.12. The right to a favorable environment and ways to protect it 460
Topic 5.13. International law (international protection of human rights in peacetime and war) 468
Topic 5.14. Disputes, procedure for their consideration 473
Topic 5.15. Basic rules and principles of civil procedure 476
Topic 5.16. Features of the criminal process 484
Topic 5.17. Citizenship of the Russian Federation 495
Topic 5.18. Conscription, alternative civilian service 501
Topic 5.19. Rights and obligations of the taxpayer 509
Topic 5.20. Law enforcement agencies. Judiciary 513
Training version of the examination paper in social studies 523
Evaluation system for examination work in social studies 536
Literature 540
The reference book includes material from the school course “Social Studies”, which is tested on the Unified State Exam (USE). The structure of the book corresponds to the Federal State Standard of Secondary (Complete) Education in the subject, on the basis of which examination tasks have been developed - control measuring materials (CMM), which make up the examination paper in social studies.
The directory presents the following content blocks-modules: “Man and Society”, “Economy”, “Social Relations”, “Politics”, “Law”, which form the core of the content of school social studies education and correspond to the codifier of social studies content elements tested within Unified State Exam.
