Road traffic is the same for everyone - for children and adults. Road traps are dangerous for both children and adults. "Rules traffic"one for everyone. But they are written in “adult” language, without any consideration for children, so it is very important, without distorting the content, to clearly explain traffic rules to a child. The use of non-existent terms and concepts or the use of some instead of others. In an effort to convey the content of the Rules clearly to children, some teachers and authors of manuals address children in so-called “children’s” language, consisting of diminutive nouns and other words and expressions that are soothing to the ear. This not only does not make the Rules clear, but also distorts the real picture of traffic. Do not address preschoolers in so-called “childish” language: car, track, etc. Communication should be a partnership, involving a conversation between equal people.
Funny pictures attract children, delight and entertain them, but at the same time distract them from the main task - to see the danger on the road and the opportunity to avoid it.
SPEAK RIGHT
| Wrong | Right |
| car | vehicle (car, bus, etc.) |
| road | roadway |
| chauffeur | driver |
| footpath | crosswalk |
| "light" and "color" of a traffic light" | Traffic light signal |
| Red – “stop”, green – “go” | “red - “stop”, green - “Make sure it’s safe and go” |
Familiarization with the OLD RULES
Walk around the tram in front, the bus in the back.
This rule has long been outdated and does not save, but on the contrary, creates an emergency situation, since when a pedestrian exits from behind and in front of the vehicle, neither the driver nor the pedestrian can see each other, and a collision occurs. The procedure for crossing the roadway is strictly stipulated by the Traffic Rules, and it is not associated with bypassing route transport! The last mention of bypassing a tram or bus was in the Rules for Traffic and Pedestrians in 1958! But then it was allowed to bypass these vehicles only in places designated for pedestrians!
RULE: Wait until the vehicle leaves or go to the nearest pedestrian crossing, where the road is clearly visible in both directions. When crossing the street, look to the left, and when you reach the middle, look to the right. This rule creates dangerous situation, because the behavior of a child in the middle of the roadway is unpredictable: frightened by a vehicle, he can step forward or backward and end up under the wheels.
RULE: Before crossing the road, stop, look in both directions and, after making sure it is safe, cross the road at a fast pace strictly at a right angle, constantly monitoring the situation. A red traffic light means “stop”, yellow means “get ready”, green means “go”. These are traffic light signals for transport.
RULE: The red signal of the pedestrian traffic light is prohibitive. A green pedestrian traffic light is permissive, but before entering the roadway, you must make sure that all cars have stopped. If you do not have time to cross the road, stop at a traffic island or in the middle of the road.
Don't play near the road or by the road, but play in the yard of the house.
RULE: when leaving (without running out of the entrance, be careful and careful, since a car can move along the entrances and courtyard driveways (and often at high speed). Play in specially designated children's playgrounds. Use to display old road signs on a yellow background.
“If you don’t have time to cross the road, stop at a traffic island or in the middle of the road”
ADVICE: The “island of safety” in traffic rules no longer exists. It is necessary to calculate the transition so as not to stop in the middle of the road and cross the roadway in one go. But, if you find yourself in such a situation, then stand in the middle of the road, on the center line dividing traffic flows in opposite directions, or on the “guide island”, do not take a step forward or backward without assessing the situation so that the driver has time to make a decision , how best to get around you.
ADVICE: In traffic rules classes, use more modern visual materials and situational teaching methods.
ADVICE: look carefully methodological literature according to traffic rules, paying attention to poems, riddles in which the child talks about the rules for crossing the roadway, reading poems about traffic light signals for a vehicle.
Red - stop
Yellow - wait
And the green one come through!
Use in colloquial speech"Color" or "Light" of a traffic light
ADVICE: Clearly pronounce “Pedestrian traffic light signals. Cross the street only with an adult, mom or dad, holding hands tightly.
ADVICE: Teach children and parents to cross the street while holding the child's wrist.
ADVICE: The terms “pedestrian path” and “pedestrian crossing”, “parking” and “stop”, which have independent meaning, should not be confused. The use of non-existent concepts leads to a distortion in understanding the requirements of traffic rules.
ADVICE: correctly explain the meaning of the “Children” road sign, which does not at all provide for crossing the road exactly at the place where it is installed, but only informs the driver that children may unexpectedly appear on the road, because there is a school nearby, kindergarten or another institution, and children may unexpectedly appear on the road.
ADVICE: Start familiarizing preschoolers with signs relevant to young road users.
But why, why, why
Was the traffic light green?
And because, because, because,
That he was in love with life.©Zinoviev N.N.
A traffic light (from Russian light and Greek φορός - “carrying”) is an optical device that carries light information. We all know from childhood that traffic lights are red, yellow and green, and sometimes blue and lunar white. A red light prohibits movement, yellow is generally a warning signal that attracts attention, and green, blue and white signals permit movement. Why are these colors used in traffic lights around the world?
In 1868, English inventor John Peake Knight proposed using a device similar to a railway semaphore to regulate traffic in London near the British Parliament. During the day, the “stop” and “drive with caution” signals were indicated by arrows that could take different positions, and in evening time For the same purposes, a rotating gas lamp was used, with the help of which signals of red and green colors were given, respectively.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the first electric traffic lights began to be installed in America, first with two signals - red and green, and then a yellow signal was added to them. In the USSR, the first traffic light was installed in 1930, but instead of the usual green signal, a blue one was then used. In addition, until 1959, when the USSR acceded to the International Convention on Road Traffic and the Protocol on road signs and signals, the colors of the traffic lights were in reverse order - the top was green and the bottom was red.
Of course, these colors of traffic lights were not chosen by chance. The choice was influenced by several factors, one of which is the psychology of human perception various colors. Red color is traditionally considered a warning of danger, and green, on the contrary, is the color of life and calm.
But one of the main reasons for this choice of colors is the dependence of the degree of light scattering on its wavelength. According to Rayleigh's law, the degree of light scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength. This means that short-wave radiation—blue and violet—is scattered more strongly. And red, as a color with a longer wavelength, will therefore be visible from a greater distance. Obviously, the most important thing is to warn about danger and prevent emergency situations, so the stop signal is indicated in red. For the same reason (degree of scattering), the blue signal, as having a shorter wavelength and scattering more strongly, gave way to green.
It's surprising that in Japan a green traffic light is called blue. The fact is that when the first street traffic lights appeared in Japan, the signals in them were red, yellow and blue colors. The blue lenses of traffic lights were eventually replaced with green ones, but the custom of calling the traffic-permitting signal “blue” remained. Peculiarity Japanese language is that this is why the Japanese call many green objects blue.
At first glance, traffic light signals are all very simple and we have all known them since childhood. Red – stop, yellow – get ready, green – go. This is a very simple rule. In this article, we will look deeper into this rule and find all the pitfalls hidden in traffic signals. The most interesting signals will be those that are located in the additional section of the traffic light and what signals there may be in this section. We will look at Chapter 6 of the Traffic Rules regarding the regulation of traffic through an intersection using traffic lights.
6.1. Traffic lights use green, yellow, red and white-lunar light signals.
Depending on the purpose, traffic light signals can be round, in the form of an arrow(s), a silhouette of a pedestrian or a bicycle, or X-shaped.
Traffic lights with round signals may have one or two additional sections with signals in the form of a green arrow(s), which are located at the level of the green round signal.
We will not consider white-lunar traffic lights, in the form of a silhouette of a pedestrian or a bicycle, and X-shaped ones in this article.
6.2. Round traffic lights have the following meanings:
- A green signal allows movement;
- A green flashing signal allows movement and informs that its time is expiring and a prohibitory signal will soon be turned on (digital displays can be used to inform drivers about the time in seconds remaining until the end of the green signal);
- The yellow signal prohibits movement, except in cases provided for in paragraph 6.14 of the Rules, and warns of an upcoming change of signals;
- A yellow flashing signal allows movement and informs about the presence of an unregulated intersection or pedestrian crossing, warns of danger;
- A red signal, including a flashing one, prohibits movement.
The combination of red and yellow signals prohibits movement and informs about the upcoming activation of the green signal.
This paragraph of the traffic rules describes round traffic lights. The most common traffic light, which is most often found on the roads.
6.3. Traffic light signals, made in the form of red, yellow and green arrows, have the same meaning as round signals of the corresponding color, but their effect extends only to the direction(s) indicated by the arrows. In this case, the arrow allowing a left turn also allows a U-turn, unless this is prohibited by the corresponding road sign.
The green arrow in the additional section has the same meaning. A switched off signal of an additional section means that movement in the direction regulated by this section is prohibited.
The first thing you should pay attention to is that the signals are made in the form of arrows, i.e. the arrow is a signal. The signal is not round. Traffic light signals with a contour arrow do not fit this definition, and clause 6.3 of the traffic rules is not applicable to them.
The second important point is that traffic light signals made in the form of arrows regulate only indicated directions. For example, if the red arrow to the right is on, then movement is prohibited only to the right; moving straight, turning left and turning around are not regulated by this signal.
The same applies to the green arrow signal, but only if the arrow is in the main section of the traffic light. Determining, for example, in the dark, whether this is the main section of a traffic light or an additional one is very simple - if the section is additional, then some signal in the main section of the traffic light must be on; if there are no other signals besides the arrow, then this means that the arrow is in the main sections.
6.4. If a black contour arrow(s) is applied to the main green traffic light signal, it informs drivers about the presence of an additional section of the traffic light and indicates other permitted directions of movement than the additional section signal.
This paragraph describes the purpose of the contour arrow of a traffic light signal. We see that a contour arrow can only be placed in the main section, and only on a green traffic light signal, and unlike a signal in the form of an arrow, a contour arrow allows movement only in the indicated directions. Traffic in other directions is prohibited.
We could finish our material here, if not for one very common situation in practice. We often come across a traffic light with the following signal:
In front of us is a traffic light with an additional section and a round signal. It would seem that according to paragraph 6.3, moving in the direction regulated by this section is prohibited.
But let's figure it out:
- According to clause 6.2, a round green signal allows movement in all directions, clause 6.3 regulates traffic light signals made in the form of arrows, in this case clause 6.3 is not applicable.
- The additional section may not be visible at night, and traffic light signals may not have different meaning depending on the time of day.
- The direction regulated by the additional section is unknown to us, we only know that it is “different” from the signal in the main section, and in the main section we have a green signal that allows movement in all directions,
- The additional section may not contain a traffic light signal at all, but can be used, for example, for a timer.
Thus, with a given traffic light signal, according to clause 6.2, movement is allowed in all directions, unless otherwise prohibited by signs or markings.
Response from the Ministry of Internal Affairs Let's summarize:
- The round traffic light signal extends to all directions,
- The traffic light signal, made in the form of an arrow in the main section, applies only to the indicated direction and does not regulate traffic in other directions,
- The traffic light signal, made in the form of an arrow in the additional section, applies only to the indicated direction and prohibits movement in other directions,
- A round traffic light signal with a contour arrow on it applies only to the indicated direction and prohibits movement in other directions.
And this is how the TV show “Main Road” on NTV sees the situation.
Dear you without obstacles!
Today it is very difficult to imagine traffic rules without the main tool for regulating traffic, which is a traffic light. It is designed to regulate and facilitate both vehicular and pedestrian traffic. There are different traffic lights depending on their functions. Although they are similar to each other, they have certain nuances that need to be remembered.
Traffic light: definition
A traffic light is an optical signaling device that is designed to regulate the movement of cars, bicycles and other Vehicle, as well as pedestrians. It is used in all world countries without exception.
Interesting! Previously, there were no green lights in traffic lights in Japan. It was replaced by blue. But scientists have proven that green is more acceptable to human eyes.
Types of traffic lights
The most common are three-color traffic lights with round signals: red, yellow and green. Traffic regulations in some countries require the use of orange traffic lights instead of yellow ones. Signals can be located both vertically and horizontally. If other special traffic lights or additional sections are not provided, then they regulate the movement of all types of transport, as well as pedestrians. Next we will look at different kinds traffic lights, from everyday ones to special ones.
Classic three-section traffic light
Such a traffic light, as a rule, has three colors, arranged in order: red, yellow, green - from top to bottom or from left to right. These traffic lights are installed at intersections. They are designed to allow simultaneous passage of all types of transport in all directions permitted by traffic regulations. They are also installed at controlled pedestrian crossings located between intersections. It is allowed to install such a traffic light at a railway crossing in populated areas, at the intersection of the road with tram tracks, in front of the bike path and roadway. They can also be seen where the roadway is narrowed to allow oncoming traffic to pass alternately.
Interesting fact!The first three-section traffic light was installed in Detroit in 1920.
Two-piece
Traffic lights with two sections are used to regulate the flow of traffic in the territories of industrial enterprises and organizations, as well as during the narrowing of the roadway to organize a single-lane reverse traffic flow.
Single-section traffic light with yellow light
This one-color traffic light is found at unregulated intersections and pedestrian crossings.
Traffic lights with additional section
Traffic lights can also be equipped with additional sectional sections with arrows or arrow outlines. They regulate the movement of traffic in one direction or another. According to traffic regulations, such traffic lights operate as follows: the contours of the arrows on all signals of a conventional three-color traffic light mean that its action extends only in one indicated direction.
An additional section of a traffic light with a green arrow on a black background according to traffic rules allows passage, but does not provide advantages during passing. Sometimes you can find an always-on green signal, which is made in the form of a sign with a solid green arrow. This means, according to traffic rules, that turning is allowed, despite the prohibitory traffic lights.
Such traffic lights are installed in places where it is necessary to organize conflict-free traffic at intersections. If one of these traffic lights turns green, then when crossing the intersection, you don’t have to give way. To avoid emergency situations, personal traffic lights are placed above each lane, which show the direction of movement that is allowed from a particular lane.
Reversible traffic lights
To regulate traffic along the roadway lanes, reversible traffic lights are used. These are special band control regulators. Such traffic lights can have from two to three signals: A red signal in the form of the letter “X” prohibits movement in a specific lane. Arrow Green colour, which is directed downwards, on the contrary, allows movement. A yellow diagonal arrow signals that the lane mode has changed and shows in which direction you need to leave it.
Traffic lights for regulating traffic through a pedestrian crossing
Typically, such traffic lights have only two types of signals: the first one allows, the second one prohibits. As a rule, they correspond to green and red colors. The signals themselves can be of different shapes. They are often depicted as a stylized silhouette of a person: standing in red and walking in green. For example, in America, the prohibition signal is made in the form of a red raised palm, meaning “stop”. Sometimes the following inscriptions are used: red “stop” and green “walk”. In other countries, respectively, in other languages.
On highways with heavy traffic, traffic lights with automatic switching are installed. But there are cases when you can switch the traffic light by pressing a special button, which allows you to cross the road within a certain time. Modern traffic lights are equipped with a digital countdown display for convenience. For blind people, sound devices are installed in traffic lights.
To regulate the movement of trams
A traffic light for a tram is usually placed in front of areas with limited visibility, long ascents and descents, at a tram depot and in front of switches. There are two types of traffic lights for trams: green and red. They are installed either to the right of the tracks or hung centrally above the contact wire. Basically, such traffic lights notify tram drivers whether the path further is busy or not. They do not regulate the movement of other vehicles and are purely individual. Their work is built automatically.
Traffic lights: driving rules
The circular light signals mean the following: a static green signal allows the movement of vehicles or pedestrians, and a flashing green traffic light means that a prohibitory signal will soon come on, but for now movement is allowed.
Interesting fact!Residents of large cities generally spend about six months of their lives waiting for a traffic light.
What does a yellow traffic light mean? It warns that the prohibiting signal will be replaced by a permissive one or vice versa, and for the duration of its action it prohibits movement. Flashing yellow signal traffic light means that the section of the road on which this traffic light is located is not regulated. If it is located at an intersection and operates in this mode, then the intersection is unregulated. Drivers are guided by those articles of the traffic rules that stipulate the passage of unregulated intersections. A static and flashing red signal prohibits movement in any direction.
The red and yellow traffic lights that are on at the same time indicate that it is prohibited to move further, and the green light will soon turn on. The white-lunar traffic light signal informs that the alarm system is working and you can continue driving. Such traffic lights are installed on tram and railway tracks.
Traffic lights that look like arrows mean the following: red, yellow and green arrows mean the same thing as round signals, only they act in a certain direction. An arrow pointing to the left also allows a U-turn, unless the corresponding next priority traffic sign prohibits it.
The green arrow of the additional section has a similar meaning. If this signal is turned off or the red outline is on, it means that movement in this direction is prohibited. If the main green signal has a black outline arrow, then this means that there are other directions of movement than those indicated by the additional section.
What is more important: a sign, a traffic light or a marking?
Traffic rules imply the following priority: the main one is the traffic controller, then the traffic light, then the sign and then the markings. Traffic controller signals take precedence over traffic light signals and road sign requirements. They are mandatory. All traffic lights, except flashing yellow, are more significant than road signs. All road users are required to follow the instructions of the traffic controller, even if they contradict traffic lights, signs and markings.
In the capital of Germany there is a traffic light with thirteen signals. It is not so easy to understand his testimony right away.
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Red means “stop”, green means “go”, yellow means “hurry up and turn that damn green already!” Why these particular colors? Why not blue, purple and brown, for example?
The answer to this question, as it turned out, was a little confusing, but it still made some sense. The very first traffic lights appeared for drivers, not for motorists. They consisted of red and green barriers that were lowered in front of the gas lamp, which was quite dangerous in case of leakage.
Red came from the train tracks
The color red symbolizes danger in many cultures, which is scientifically explained as follows: light wave is the longest among all visible colors spectrum This means that you will be able to see such a signal from as far away as possible. Thus, the color red meant “stop” long before the advent of cars. Ever since it replaced mechanical “wings” that rose and fell to signal whether the path was clear. So, with that out of the way, it's not that difficult.
Green primarily means “Attention!”
But the role of green signals has changed over time. The wavelength of light for green is shorter and follows immediately behind yellow in the visible spectrum. This means that it can be seen from a greater distance than any other color other than red or yellow. In the days of the first railway traffic lights, green meant “Attention!”, and permission to travel was given to white people. But to stop a train, a driver needs much more time than a car driver. And after a few major disasters train collisions occurred because the driver confused the bright light of a star with the “Road Clear” signal; only two colors remained in operation: red and green.
Yellow means "Attention" because it is almost as visible as red
With the advent of automobiles until the mid-90s, not all stop lights were red, some were yellow. It was decided to do this for the reason that at night in a poorly lit area it was difficult for drivers to notice the light barely escaping from behind the red filter. For a long time used only yellow to indicate the need to stop. It started in Detroit in 1915, a city that 5 years later installed the first electric traffic light with an “amber” color.
But what happened to original value yellow signal? With the advent of electricity and new possibilities, the need to use it as a stop signal instead of a red one disappeared. Therefore, the color remained as a sign warning that it was necessary to prepare.
