From the moment of birth, the baby's immune system is constantly tested. The fact is that the habitat of the crumbs is not sterile and, accordingly, the child every day encounters foreign bacteria and microorganisms. However, this is exactly how the immune system is formed, which in the future will protect the entire body. In order to support the body's defenses, you can additionally give.
Unfortunately, not all pathogens are able to cope with the immune system.. Some pathogens still cause infection of the body, and then specific treatment is already necessary. One of the body's reactions to the inflammatory process is an increase in body temperature. A small child is not yet able to take antipyretic tablets. Therefore, other forms come to the rescue. Cefekon in the form of suppositories perfectly copes with fever in the smallest patients. This drug is made on the basis of paracetamol. The rectal form of administration allows the use of an antipyretic from a very young age.
Cefecon is available in the form of suppositories for rectal administration.. Color can vary from white to cream. The shape is rounded, which makes the introduction of the least uncomfortable. It must be stored in a cool place to avoid deformation, which will make it difficult to use.
Compound
Cefekon - candles for children, having an extremely simple composition. The basis for the formation of the suppository is the fatty base (solid). Each suppository weighs 1.25 g. Paracetamol is used as the active ingredient. Various dosages are available: 50 mg, 100 mg and 250 mg.
Operating principle
It is very difficult to answer the question of how quickly Cefekon works - candles for children. The fact is that it depends not so much on the effect of paracetamol on the body, but on individual characteristics. For some, half an hour is enough for a pronounced effect to appear, while for others it will not be at all.
This drug belongs to aspirin-like drugs. It has a pronounced antipyretic and analgesic effect. However, the anti-inflammatory effect is rather weak. The mechanism of action is associated with the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, as well as the effect on the centers of pain and thermoregulation in the hypothalamus. When it enters the focus of infection, a certain amount of the active substance is destroyed. First of all, this is what causes a weak anti-inflammatory effect.
The main positive point is the non-toxicity of the drug. It does not adversely affect the gastrointestinal tract, unlike many other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The intestinal mucosa is not damaged, which makes the use safe for the smallest.
Absorption of paracetamol with rectal administration is slower than with oral administration. However, at the same time, it is complete. The maximum plasma concentration is reached two to three hours after administration. This is the answer to the question of interest to many, how long does Cefekon work - candles for children.
The active substance is fairly evenly distributed in the body, because the concentration in saliva, blood plasma and intercellular fluid is approximately the same. At the same time, the ability to bind to plasma proteins is rather weakly manifested.
Metabolism of paracetamol occurs mainly in the liver with the formation of inactive compounds. Excretion from the body occurs through the kidneys. At the same time, ninety percent of the substance is excreted on the first day after administration. It is important to understand that with a serious degree of renal failure, the excretion of the drug and its decay products can slow down significantly.
Indications
Raising the temperature to fairly high levels is not unusual for babies under three years of age. The fact is that their thermoregulation is still imperfect, and therefore the slightest inflammatory process can cause fever.
An antipyretic effect is necessary in case of:
- acute respiratory viral infections (in combination with);
- flu conditions;
- unpleasant adverse reactions after vaccinations, especially in the case of complex vaccines;
- childhood infectious diseases (chickenpox, rubella, etc.);
- teething period.
Analgesic effect is necessary for:
- muscle pain;
- neuralgia;
- pain during teething;
- headaches caused by intoxication with an infectious or viral disease;
- traumatization;
- burns.
At what age is it allowed to take
Cefekon D - candles for children, the instruction allows you to use from the age of one month. The main criterion is the weight of a small patient: it should not be lower than four kilograms.
For children from three months to twelve years old, the drug is used for the symptomatic treatment of diseases that are accompanied by fever, as well as pain of mild to moderate intensity. For babies from a month to three, a single use is allowed immediately after vaccination.
Contraindications
A categorical contraindication to the unauthorized use of the drug is the age of the crumbs up to a year, especially for newborns. For such small patients, a visit to the pediatrician is necessary, and only he can decide on the need for treatment.
The tool is contraindicated in:
- diagnosed hypersensitivity to the main active substance - paracetamol;
- diseases associated with the process of hematopoiesis;
- severe renal failure, as well as impaired liver function;
- diabetes mellitus (paracetamol can affect insulin sensitivity and cause a decrease in sugar);
- violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane of the rectum and problems with defecation;
- genetic diseases.
Side effects
The immune system
Anaphylactic shock, possible development of Quincke's edema, redness, rash, swelling of the skin, erythema, tissue necrolysis due to the action of the drug.
Hematopoietic organs
Leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, sulfhemoglobinemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, methemoglobinemia, characterized by shortness of breath, severe cyanosis and pain in the heart.
Respiratory system
Bronchospasm may develop in case of hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Gastrointestinal tract
Nausea, vomiting, pain in the stomach, abnormal liver function, as a rule, jaundice does not develop.
Endocrine system
In case of impaired glucose tolerance, hypoglycemia may develop, up to coma.
Local side effects
Irritation at the injection site (anus, rectum).
If any negative symptom occurs, you should immediately stop taking the remedy and seek the advice of a pediatrician.
Instructions for use and dosage
First of all, it is important to understand that the drug is used only under the supervision of a pediatrician. With special care it is necessary to approach this issue when the patient is less than a year old.
The tool is used rectally. Suppositories are not subject to separation to obtain the required dosage. If, when calculating the required amount of a substance per day in relation to body weight, a single dosage is less than that contained in the suppository, then after consultation with a specialist, another form of medication should be chosen. For instance, .
The recommended dose of paracetamol per day is 60 mg per kilogram of body weight. It must be evenly distributed over four doses. Thus, a single dose is 15 mg per kilogram of body weight, which must be taken after a six-hour break.
When treating a child, it is necessary to strictly follow the permissible dosage and maintain the required number of hours between doses. Cefekon 250 mg - candles for children, the instruction suggests using from a weight of 17 kg, 1 suppository four times a day. If the child's weight exceeds 30 kg, then the number of suppositories increases to two at a time.
Candles Cefekon 100 mg for children, the instruction prescribes to use from three months to three years. At the same time, the minimum allowable weight should not be lower than four kilograms. In view of the characteristics of the dosage form, which involves the risk of local toxicity, it is undesirable to use more than four suppositories per day. At the same time, the duration of use should be minimal.
In severe renal failure, the interval between the use of suppositories should be at least eight hours. In numerical terms, this condition is characterized by a creatinine clearance of less than 10 mg per minute. At the age of one to three months, a single administration of a suppository at a dosage of 50 mg is permissible immediately after vaccination in order to reduce body temperature.
Overdose
In order to avoid overdose, other drugs containing paracetamol should not be used in parallel. This is especially dangerous for babies, there are frequent cases of drug overdose, as well as accidental poisoning. This can even lead to death.
In patients weighing less than thirty-seven kilograms, the dose should not exceed 80 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. If the weight is from thirty-eight to fifty kilograms, then the daily dose of paracetamol should not exceed three grams. With a body weight of over fifty kilograms, the maximum daily dose should be less than four grams.
The simultaneous use of a dosage of 150 mg per kilogram of body weight can cause: liver failure, impaired glucose metabolism, metabolic acidosis, hemorrhage, hypokalemia, encephalopathy, and even death. In this case, a characteristic feature is an increase in the level of hepatic transaminase, bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase.
For a day and a half after administration, the level of prothrombin decreases. Acute renal failure, characterized by acute tubular necrosis, can cause acute pain in the lumbar region, hematuria, proteinuria and develop even in the absence of severe liver damage. In addition, there were cases of arrhythmia and acute pancreatitis.
With prolonged use of the drug in high doses, the hematopoietic system may develop: aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, neuropenia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.
In patients with a tendency to liver disease, taking a daily dosage of more than 5 g can lead to toxic damage to this organ. The pathological condition can develop within 12 to 48 hours. In case of an overdose, you should immediately go to the hospital, even if there are still no early signs of the toxic effect of the drug on the body.
Interaction with other drugs
The maximum doses of paracetamol (4 g per day) enhance the effect of anticoagulants for four days after the end of their use.
The rate at which paracetamol is absorbed can be slightly increased by metroclopramide and domperidone, and decreased by cholestyramine. Barbiturates can significantly reduce the antipyretic effect of the drug. Anticonvulsants can increase the toxic effects of paracetamol on the liver. It also reduces the effectiveness of diuretics.
Analogues
The main analogues of Cefekon:
- Paracetamol capsules 325 mg;
- Paramax suppositories 150 mg and 80 mg;
- Panadol suspension 120 mg in 5 ml;
- Rapidol rectal solution 125 mg in 2.5 ml.
Analgesic-antipyretic
Active substance
Release form, composition and packaging
◊ Rectal suppositories for children white or white with a creamy or yellowish tint, torpedo-shaped.
Excipients: Witepsol.
5 pieces. - cellular contour packings (2) - packs of cardboard.
pharmachologic effect
It has an analgesic and antipyretic effect. It blocks cyclooxygenase in the central nervous system, affecting the centers of pain and thermoregulation. In the focus of inflammation, cellular peroxidases neutralize the effect of paracetamol on cyclooxygenase, which explains the absence of a significant anti-inflammatory effect.
The drug does not adversely affect the water-electrolyte metabolism (does not lead to sodium and water retention) and the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Pharmacokinetics
Suction and distribution
Rapidly and highly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. C max is reached in 30-60 minutes. Protein binding - 15%. Penetrates through the BBB.
Metabolism and excretion
Metabolized in the liver; 80% reacts with glucuronic acid and sulfates to form inactive metabolites; 17% undergoes hydroxylation to form active metabolites, which are then conjugated with glutathione to form inactive metabolites. With a lack of glutathione, these metabolites can block the enzyme systems of hepatocytes and cause their necrosis. T 1 / 2 - 2-3 hours. Within 24 hours, 85-95% of paracetamol is excreted by the kidneys in the form of glucuronides and sulfates, unchanged - 3%.
Pharmacokinetics in special clinical situations
V d and bioavailability in children (including newborns) are similar to those in adults. In newborns of the first 2 days of life and in children aged 3-10 years, the main metabolite of paracetamol is paracetamol sulfate, in children 12 years and older - conjugated glucuronide. There is no significant age difference in the rate of elimination of paracetamol and in the total amount of the drug excreted in the urine.
Indications
The drug is intended for use in children aged 3 months to 12 years.
In children aged 1 to 3 months, a single use of the drug to reduce temperature after vaccination is possible (the possibility of using the drug for other indications is decided by the doctor individually).
Used as:
- antipyretic for ARVI, influenza, childhood infections, post-vaccination reactions and other conditions accompanied by fever;
- analgesic for pain syndrome of mild to moderate intensity, including: headache, toothache, neuralgia, pain from injuries and burns.
Contraindications
- age up to 1 month;
- hypersensitivity to paracetamol.
WITH caution use the drug for violations of the liver and kidneys, Gilbert's syndrome, Dubin-Johnson, Rotor, diseases of the blood system (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia), deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Dosage
The drug is used rectally. Suppositories are introduced into the child's rectum after a cleansing enema or spontaneous bowel movement.
The dosage regimen is set depending on age and body weight. The average single dose is 10-15 mg/kg of the child's body weight. The drug in a single dose is administered 2-3 times / day, after 4-6 hours. The maximum daily dose of the drug should not exceed 60 mg / kg of body weight.
When using the drug as an antipyretic, the duration of the course of treatment is 3 days; as an anesthetic - 5 days. If necessary, the doctor can extend the course of treatment.
Side effects
From the digestive system: possible nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain.
Allergic reactions: rash on the skin and mucous membranes, itching, urticaria, angioedema.
From the hematopoietic system: rarely - anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis.
With prolonged use in high doses, it is possible to develop hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic (interstitial nephritis and papillary necrosis) action, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, methemoglobinemia, pancytopenia.
Overdose
Data on overdose of the drug Cefecon D are not provided.
drug interaction
Inducers of microsomal oxidation in the liver (phenytoin, ethanol, barbiturates, flumecinol, rifampicin, phenylbutazone, tricyclic antidepressants), ethanol, hepatotoxic drugs increase the production of hydroxylated active metabolites, which makes it possible to develop severe intoxication even with a small overdose.
Microsomal oxidation inhibitors () reduce the risk of hepatotoxicity.
When taken simultaneously with salicylates, the likelihood of developing a nephrotoxic effect increases.
Cefecon is a synthetic antipyretic and analgesic drug used to reduce the severity of febrile and pain syndromes that accompany various diseases.
Pharmacological action of Cefecon
According to the instructions, Cefecon N, due to the action of active ingredients, has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory components - salicylamide and naproxen, affect the synthesis of prostaglandins and affect the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus.
Caffeine, which is part of Cefecon N, has psychostimulating, analeptic and antispasmodic properties. Its action is directed to smooth muscles, thereby reducing platelet aggregation and increasing the release of histamine from mast cells.
According to the instructions, Cefecon D has an analgesic and antipyretic effect, which occurs due to the blocking of cyclooxygenase in the central nervous system, as well as the effect on the centers of thermoregulation and pain.
Cefekon does not affect the water-electrolyte metabolism and the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.
Release form and composition of Cefecon
The drug Cefecon is produced in the form of rectal suppositories.
The composition of Cefecon N, which is one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, includes: 75 mg of naproxen, 50 mg of caffeine and 600 mg of salicylamide.
The composition of Cefecon D, which is one of the antipyretic analgesics, includes paracetamol in the amount of 50 mg, 100 mg or 250 mg.
Cefekon's analogs
Analogues of Cefecon include medicines in various dosage forms:
- Rectal suppositories - Panadol, Paracetamol;
- Tablets - Daleron, Apap, Panadol, Strimol, Prohodol, Antigrippin, Gevadal, Dolaren, Coldrex, Coldfree, No-spasma, Padeviks, Rankof, Saridon, Solpadein, Trigan-D, Femizol, Safiston, Unispaz;
- Solution for infusion - Ifimol;
- Syrup - Ifimol, Paracetamol, Efferalgan, Flucoldex.
Indications for use of Cefecon
According to the instructions, Cefecon is prescribed as an analgesic drug for mild to moderate pain syndrome. The use of Cefecon is effective for:
- Myalgia;
- toothache;
- neuralgia;
- Lumbago;
- sciatica;
- headache and migraine;
- Degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the musculoskeletal system - osteochondrosis, osteoarthrosis, ankylosing spondylitis;
- Primary algomenorrhea.
As an antipyretic medication, according to the instructions, Cefekon is prescribed for febrile syndrome that accompanies colds, infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Contraindications
- With bleeding;
- Against the background of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, occurring in the acute phase;
- With arterial hypertension;
- Against the background of severe renal or hepatic insufficiency;
- Against the background of chronic heart failure;
- Against the background of organic diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- With insomnia;
- Against the background of hypersensitivity to the components of the suppository;
- With increased excitability;
- Against the background of bronchospasm caused by the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
- During lactation;
- Elderly people;
- Against the background of angle-closure glaucoma;
- In pediatrics up to 16 years;
- During pregnancy.
Medication Cefecon D is not used:
- In pediatrics up to one month;
- In the presence of hypersensitivity to paracetamol.
Its use requires special care against the background of impaired liver and kidney function, with diseases of the blood system and deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
How to use Cefecon
The most effective use of Cefecon after spontaneous bowel movements or a cleansing enema.
Cefekon suppository should be injected deep into the rectum, after which it is necessary to maintain a state of rest for at least 30-40 minutes. As a medicine that reduces pain, Cefekon is prescribed for a duration of no more than five days, and as an antipyretic medicine - up to three days.
Usually appoint 1 suppository from one to three times a day. When used in pediatrics, the daily dosage of the drug depends on the age of the child and his body weight.
According to reviews, Cefekon does not cause an overdose.
drug interaction
An increase in the pharmacological action of anticoagulants and sulfonylurea derivatives and a decrease in the hypotensive effect of beta-blockers and ACE inhibitors is observed with the simultaneous use of these drugs with Cefecon N.
When treating with Cefecon D, the medication should be used with caution simultaneously with:
- Hepatotoxic drugs (to avoid the occurrence of severe intoxication);
- Inducers of microsomal oxidation in the liver - phenytoin, ethanol, barbiturates, flumecinol, rifampicin, phenylbutazone, tricyclic antidepressants;
- Salicylates (so as not to cause the development of nephrotoxic action);
- Uricosuric drugs (due to a decrease in their effectiveness).
Side effects of Cefecon
According to reviews, Cefecon N can cause disorders in some body systems, however, the observed side effects in most cases are mild and do not require discontinuation of treatment.
Most often, when using Cefekon, according to reviews, there are:
- Granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia (hematopoietic system);
- Excitation, dizziness, drowsiness, dizziness, tinnitus, as well as slowing down the speed of psychomotor reactions (central nervous system);
- Pain and itching in the rectum (local reactions). If itching or other unpleasant sensations occur in the rectum, one tablespoon of sunflower oil is injected into it in the form of an enema, and the medication is canceled for a while;
- Increased blood pressure and tachycardia (cardiovascular system).
Also, in some cases, there may be impaired liver and kidney function and allergic reactions.
Storage conditions
Cefecon is one of the over-the-counter drugs. The suppository has a shelf life of two years, provided that they are stored in accordance with the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Cefekon - antipyretic
and pain reliever.
Pharmacological action of Cefecon
The drug belongs to the group of non-narcotic analgesics.
Cefecon contains the active ingredient paracetamol. Its mechanism of action is to block the cyclooxygenase enzyme at the level of the thermoregulatory center in the brain. This reduces the production of prostaglandins - substances that cause inflammation, and also returns the thermoregulation threshold to normal levels. Due to this, Cefekon has an antipyretic and analgesic effect, without changing the normal body temperature. In tissues, cellular peroxidase enzymes destroy paracetamol, so its anti-inflammatory effect is not very pronounced.
The use of Cefecon does not retain excess water and sodium ions in the body, does not adversely affect the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.
From rectal suppositories, the absorption of paracetamol occurs in the arterial network of the rectum. The maximum concentration of the drug in the blood accumulates after 0.5 - 1 hour. It is able to cross the blood-brain and placental barriers.
The transformation of the drug into inactive metabolites occurs in the liver. Compared with oral Cefecon analogues, when taken rectally, the first passage of paracetamol bypasses the liver. Due to this, the drug load on it with this method of administration is reduced. Excretion of metabolites of the drug occurs through the kidneys with urine.
Release form
Cefecon according to the instructions is released in rectal suppositories containing 50, 100 or 250 mg of paracetamol.
Indications for use of Cefecon
The drug is used in children aged 3 months to 12 years to reduce body temperature in case of acute respiratory diseases and childhood infections (measles, chicken pox, scarlet fever), with fever in the post-vaccination period. It helps to eliminate such unpleasant accompanying symptoms as headache and muscle pain.
There are good reviews about Cefecon as an analgesic during teething.
Contraindications
Do not use the drug in case of individual intolerance, inflammatory processes in the rectum or bleeding from it, in children under 1 month old.
Cefecon is used with caution in the pathology of the hematopoietic organs (anemia, neutropenia), congenital deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Despite the fact that the composition of Cefecon is safe for use in children from a very young age, to reduce the temperature after vaccinations at the age of 1 to 3 months, it is used only once under medical supervision.
Instructions for use Cefekon
Suppositories are better 
insert into the rectum after emptying or cleansing enema. The rectal form is especially convenient for young children who have difficulty swallowing medicines at a temperature or if the disease is accompanied by vomiting.
The dosage depends on the child's age and body weight. On average, it is 10 - 15 mg / kg / day, the interval between the use of suppositories is 4 - 6 hours.
Single dose: for children from 1 to 3 months, 50 mg suppositories are inserted, from 3 to 12 months, rectal suppositories with a dosage of 100 mg are suitable, from 1 to 3 years, 1-2 suppositories of 100 mg, from 3 to 10 years - 250 mg each , from 10 to 12 years, 2 suppositories 250 mg.
The maximum allowable dose is 60 mg / kg / day. It is impossible to divide the suppository due to the possible uneven distribution of paracetamol in its base.
As an antipyretic without consulting a doctor, Cefekon is used according to the instructions for no longer than 3 days, as an anesthetic - up to 5 days. The doctor can extend the course if necessary.
Cefecon is undesirable to use simultaneously with salicylates - toxic damage to the kidneys is possible. The drug enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants.
Side effects
According to reviews, Cefekon can cause allergic reactions, nausea, abdominal pain, a decrease in hemoglobin, platelets and leukocytes in the blood.
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