Unified State Exam 2011 Option 108
1. You can see with a light microscope
1) ATP molecules
2) protein biosynthesis
3) ribosomes
4) cell division
2. Blastomers are formed in the process
1) fertilization
2) organogenesis
3) crushing
4) gametogenesis
3. The development of normal Drosophila wings is due to the action of a dominant gene, and the development of curved wings is due to the action of a recessive gene. Determine the heterozygous genotype of an individual with normal wings.
1) AA 2) ab 3) Aa 4) AB
4. Cells are classified as eukaryotes
1) viruses
2) bacteria
3) animals
4) bacteriophages
5. What substance molecules are intermediaries in the transfer of information about the primary structure of a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome?
1) DNA 2) tRNA 3) ATP 4) mRNA
6. As a result of what process do gametes mature in animals?
1) mitosis
2) meiosis
3) fertilization
4) crushing
7. Which organism is classified as heterotroph based on its feeding method?
1) penicillium
2) chlorella
3) chlamydomonas
4) kelp
8. The manifestation of hemophilia in men is due to
1) a combination of dominant genes
2) the presence of a recessive gene on the X chromosome
3) interaction of dominant genes
4) the presence of two recessive genes on the sex chromosomes
9. The use of what law facilitates the search for hereditary abnormalities in farm animals and plants?
1) homologous series in hereditary variability
2) germinal similarity of vertebrates
3) linked inheritance of traits
4) splitting characteristics according to phenotype
10. What characteristic of mushrooms and plants are similar?
1) autotrophic nutrition
2) the presence of chitin in the cell wall
3) the presence of a fruiting body
4) unlimited growth
11. Shoot is a vegetative organ formed
1) the tip of the stem
2) internodes and nodes
3) rudimentary leaves
4) stem with leaves and buds
C1. Bacteria - saprotrophs play an important role in nature. Explain why.
C2. Determine what type and class the depicted animal belongs to and by what characteristics. Give at least three signs. .jpg)
C3. What are the differences between human blood types? What blood groups are compatible for transfusion? People with what blood group are considered universal donors and recipients?
C4. Most modern bony fish are in a state of biological progress. Provide at least three pieces of evidence to support this position.
C5. The nucleotide sequence of a fragment of one DNA strand: TsDAGCATTCGTACCCCGA.
As a result of mutation in the complementary fragment of the second strand of DNA, the second and sixth nucleotides are simultaneously lost. Write down a new sequence of nucleotides in the second strand of DNA. Determine from it the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA and the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. Explain your results. To complete the task, use the genetic code table
C6. Blood type and Rh factor are autosomal unlinked traits. Blood group is controlled by three alleles of one gene i°, I A and I B are dominant in relation to i°. The first group (0) is determined by recessive genes i°, the second group (A) is determined by the dominant allele I A, the third group (B) is determined by the dominant allele I B, and the fourth (AB) is determined by two dominant alleles I A and I B. Positive Rhesus -factor R dominates negative r. The father has the third blood group and positive Rh (diheterozygote); the mother has the second group and positive Rh (digomozygote). Determine the genotypes of the parents. What blood type and Rh factor can the children in this family have, what are their possible genotypes and the ratio of phenotypes? Make a diagram for solving the problem. What law of heredity is manifested in this case?
Answers to Unified State Exam Option 108
1. 4)
2. 3)
3. 4)
4. 3)
5. 4)
6. 2)
7. 1)
8. 2)
9. 1)
10. 4)
11. 4)
12. 4)
13. 2)
14. 3)
15. 3)
16. 2)
17. 2)
18. 1)
19. 2)
20. 2)
21. 3)
22. 4)
23. 3)
24. 1)
25. 3)
26. 3)
27. 1)
28. 2)
29. 1)
30. 1)
31. 2)
32. 1)
33. 4)
34. 2)
35. 2)
36. 4)
IN 1. 4,5,6.
AT 2. 2,3,5.
AT 3. 1,3,4.
AT 4. 1) B, V. G, D. 2) A, E
AT 5. 1) B. 2) A, D, D, E. 3)B
AT 6. 1) B, V.G, E. 2) A, D.
C1. 1) saprotrophs - soil inhabitants, they use dead organic matter for nutrition; 2) in communities they represent a group of decomposers, i.e. mineralize organic litter. In this regard, the cycle of elements that were bound in organic compounds is completed.
C2. This is a cross spider. It belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, because. has articulated limbs, chitinous cover, an open circulatory system and excretory organs - Malpighian vessels (this is not visible from the picture). Class Arachnids (Chelicerates), because has eight legs, the body is divided into a cephalothorax and an unsegmented abdomen, there are no antennae - there are jaws and tentacles, the cross has arachnoid warts (three pairs on the abdomen). Breathing is pulmonary and tracheal.
C3. In humans, there are four main blood groups based on innate immunological characteristics - the presence of innate proteins A and B on the red blood cell membrane. They are called isoatigens. And the presence of special protein antibodies in the blood plasma - and. In blood group I, isoatigens A and B are absent, but antibodies are present and - 34% of occurrence. In blood group II there is isoantigen A on the erythrocyte membrane, and in the blood there is only an antibody - up to 38% of occurrence. In blood group III, isoantigen B is present on the erythrocyte membrane, and the antibody is present in the blood plasma - 21% of the occurrence. In the fourth group there are no antibodies, there are only antigens A and B. When transfusing, it is important that protein A does not meet the antibody, and isoantigen B does not meet the antibody. If this happens, the blood will turn out to be immunologically incompatible, because Plasma antibodies will stick together the red blood cells of the transfused blood, which will lead to the destruction of red blood cells and the death of the recipient.
C4. Biological progress is associated with 1) a large number of taxa within a superclass 2) a large species diversity 3) high adaptability to a variety of living conditions within its environment.
C5. 1) DNA: CAA GCA TTC GTA CCC GA - first strand
GTT CGT AAG ATG YGG CT - the second strand of DNA complementary to it without mutation
2) GTC GAA GAT YGG GCT - chain after removal of 2 and 6 nucleotides
3) TsAG TSUU TsUA TsTs TsGA - mRNA to damaged DNA
4) gli-ley-ley-pro-arg
C6. Solution scheme: P: ♀ I A I A R R x ♂ I B i° R r
G, gametes ♀ I A R x ♂ I B R, I B r, i°R, i°r.
Descendants of the first generation F1: I A I B R R - fourth positive
I A I B R r - fourth positive
I А i°R R - second positive
I А i°R r - second positive
In the offspring there are four genotypes and two phenotypes according to blood group - the second and the fourth, all children will have a positive Rh factor.
Diheterozygous crossing problem, independent inheritance.
78. Where are the receptors located that inform the brain about the state of the musculoskeletal system?
Receptors that inform the brain about the state of the musculoskeletal system are located in muscles, tendons, joint capsules, and ligaments.
79. Write down the definition.
Touch is the ability of an animal organism to perceive various influences of the external environment through the organs of touch and convert received signals into the appropriate type of sensitivity. Tactile perception of objects allows us to evaluate the shape, size, surface properties, consistency, temperature, dryness and humidity, position and movement in space.
80. List what sensations are perceived by skin receptors.
Sensation of pressure, sensation of touch, sensation of heat or cold, and pain.
81. Which areas of the body are most sensitive to tactile influences?
Skin of fingertips, back of hands, tongue, palms.
82. Consider the drawing schematically depicting the structure of the olfactory organ. Write the names of the structures indicated by numbers.
83. Where in the brain is the olfactory zone located, in which the sensation of smell is formed?
This is the inner surface of the temporal lobes (olfactory area).
84. List the areas where taste buds are located.
taste buds are located in the epithelium of the tongue, on the posterior wall of the pharynx, soft palate and epiglottis.
85. Label the picture with the name of the taste (bitter, sour, salty, sweet) that is best felt in the selected areas of the tongue.
86. What substances have no taste?
Insoluble substances do not irritate the receptors and therefore appear tasteless.
87. Complete the diagram “Structure of the peripheral part of the taste analyzer.”
88. Describe the path that information about taste stimuli travels from receptors to the cerebral cortex.
When food is in the mouth, it dissolves in saliva, and this solution enters the cavity of the chamber, affecting the receptors. If a receptor cell reacts to a given substance, it becomes excited. From the receptors, information about taste stimuli in the form of nerve impulses along the fibers of the glossopharyngeal and partially facial and vagus nerves enters the midbrain, the nuclei of the thalamus and, finally, to the inner surface of the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex, where the highest centers of the taste analyzer are located.
89. What other receptors, besides taste receptors, are involved in the formation of taste?
In addition to taste sensations, the determination of taste involves olfactory, temperature, tactile, and sometimes even pain receptors (if a caustic substance gets into the mouth).
Training tasks 4.
Level A assignments
Level B assignments
Ø Stem- the vegetative organ of a plant on which leaves, flowers, fruits are strengthened and the movement of water and mineral salts from the root to the leaves and organic substances synthesized in the leaves down to the roots takes place.
Ø Stem- an axial vegetative organ with radial symmetry, possessing apical growth.
Functions of the stem:
§ support;
§ conductive;
§ storage (meaty stems of kohlrabi cabbage)
§ photosynthetic - green stems have chloroplasts;
§ plant growth and branching;
§ vegetative propagation.
Internal structure of the stem not the same in herbaceous plants and trees. The stems of dicotyledons have educational tissue - the cambium, but the stems of monocotyledonous plants do not have a cambium, so they hardly grow in thickness. In woody dicotyledonous plants (linden, maple, etc.), the bundles are so close together that three concentric layers are formed: wood, cambium and bast. The central part of the stem is occupied by the pith. The core consists of living thin-walled parenchyma cells in which reserve nutrients accumulate.
The cells of the pith vary in size; its peripheral part consists of smaller and thicker-walled cells. Located outside the core wood- complex tissue, which includes water-conducting elements (trachea), mechanical tissue, parenchyma. Through the vessels of wood, water with minerals dissolved in it moves from the roots to the leaves (ascending current). In addition, thick-walled vessels also perform a mechanical function. Wood also contains specialized mechanical tissues - wood fibers, which play an important role in giving the trunk mechanical strength, as well as the main tissue - parenchyma, which performs a storage function.
Between the bark and wood there is a layer of educational tissue - cambium. The reproduction of cambium cells ensures the formation of a conducting system - sieve tubes of bast and wood vessels, as well as the growth of the stem in thickness. The growth rings are clearly visible in the wood. This is due to the fact that the cambium is not active all year round, but only in spring and summer. In the spring, the cambium lays large wood cells, and in the fall - small, thick-walled ones. By the number of growth rings you can determine the age of the plant, and by their width you can judge the weather conditions in different years.
Outside the cambium there is a complex tissue - the secondary bark. The innermost part of the cortex is bast- formed by cambium. The bast consists of sieve tubes through which organic substances synthesized in the leaves move to all other parts of the plant. The bast contains companion cells, bast fibers that perform a mechanical function, as well as bast parenchyma, which plays the role of storage tissue. The medullary rays extend radially from the pith through the wood and bast. In the phloem, the medullary rays expand like a funnel and connect with the parenchyma cells of the primary cortex. Along the medullary rays, substances move in a horizontal plane to the lateral parts of the stem.
The bast, like wood, is formed by the cambium, but no growth rings are visible in the bast. The phloem is adjacent to the storage parenchyma, followed by the secondary integumentary tissue - the periderm. The outer layer of the periderm - cork - reliably performs a protective function.
In the third to fifth years, in most woody plants, tertiary integumentary tissue, the crust, begins to form on the surface of the stem.
| Layers | Tissues and cells | Function |
| 1. Bark | Consists of skin, cork and bast | Protective |
| Skin | Single layer cover fabric. Formed by living, densely packed cells with a thickened outer wall. Cells contain chlorophyll. Available stomata | · Protection from dust, microorganisms, overheating, excessive evaporation. · Water and gas exchange. · Available in herbaceous plants and young stems |
| Cork | Multi-layer cover fabric. Formed by dead, densely located cells with thickened membranes, there are lentils | Formed on the surface of wintering stems, protects against external influences (temperature fluctuations, drying out, pests, etc.) |
| Lub | Made up of two types of fabrics: · Mechanical- fibers - dead elongated cells with thick walls; · Conductive- sieve tubes | · Gives strength, elasticity · Carrying solutions of organic substances from leaves to roots (downward current) |
| 2. Cambium | Single-layer educational tissue consisting of one layer of dividing cells | Stem growth in thickness and cell differentiation. · bast cells are deposited outside, · wood cells are deposited inside |
| 3. Wood | Formed by three types of fabrics; Conductive- vessels | Conducting water and minerals dissolved in it (upward current) |
| Mechanical- wood fibers | Support function | |
| Main- loosely arranged cells of irregular shape (in the case of green stems, contains chlorophyll) | Storage in case of stem modifications. Most developed in green stems, in this case the cells of the main tissue participate in the process of photosynthesis | |
| 4. Core | Main fabric (storing) consists of living, loosely arranged cells of irregular shape, filled with various inclusions | · Nutrients are stored. Capable of turning into dividing cells of secondary educational tissue, which ensures vegetative reproduction |
Ø What are the distinctive features of plant vessels from sieve tubes?
1) vessels, unlike sieve tubes, are non-living structures;
2) the vessels do not have partitions and form a continuous tube, and at the end of each sieve tube there are sieve plates with channels;
3) water and minerals move through the vessels (ascending current), and organic substances move through the sieve tubes (descending current).
Ø Name the parts of the woody stem indicated in the figure by numbers 1, 2, 3, and indicate the functions that they perform.
1) 1- cork (covering tissue), performs a protective function; 2) 2 - bast (bast fibers and sieve tubes), performs a mechanical function and conduction of organic substances; 3) 3 - cambium (educational tissue), ensures the growth of the tree in thickness.
Ø C3. Explain through what tissues and how substances are transported in angiosperms.
1) the movement of water and minerals is carried out through the vessels of wood;
2) the movement of organic substances occurs through the sieve tubes of the phloem;
3) water and minerals move from the roots along the stem to the leaves as a result of root pressure and the suction force that occurs during the evaporation of water;
4) organic substances move from photosynthetic cells due to differences in concentration and pressure.
Modified shoots. The modification of shoots occurred in the process of long evolution, as a consequence of adaptation to the performance of special functions.
Functions of underground shoots:
Ø storage of nutrients
Ø vegetative propagation
Ø surviving unfavorable seasons of the year
Ø resumption of growth under favorable conditions
Rhizome - so named because of its external resemblance to the root. The rhizome is a shoot, because it always has nodes, leaves and axillary buds.
Leaves usually have a scaly or filmy shape, or they leave leaf scars on the rhizome. In evil, under the axillary kidneys, can develop adventitious roots. Spare nutrients, mainly starch and sugar, are deposited in the rhizome. The plant uses them in the spring, when above-ground leafy or flowering shoots and adventitious roots develop from the buds of the rhizome. The plant can reproduce vegetatively by its rhizome if for some reason its section becomes detached from the mother shoot.
People often use the possibility of vegetative propagation by dividing rhizomes in plant growing.
At the end of the rhizome there is an apical bud. But the rhizome usually grows horizontally in the soil. As the rhizome grows in length (or by branching), the plant gradually moves from one place to another, exploring new possibilities of soil nutrition. Long-rhizome plants move especially quickly to new places ( rosehip, wheatgrass, coltsfoot, lily of the valley, sea buckthorn).
Tuber - This is an underground shoot with a thickened stem part, which has a rounded shape, in which nutrients, mainly starch, are deposited and stored.
The anatomical structure of the tuber is similar to the structure of the stem; in the recesses there are buds-eyes, from which above-ground shoots and adventitious roots develop. The internodes on the tuber are short. The tuber does not contain chlorophyll, but when exposed to light it can turn green and then photosynthesis occurs there.
Bulb a modified shortened shoot in which the stem is the lower, expanded part - bottom. The stem (bottom) is flattened, dry (protective) and fleshy juicy (sugar reserve) scale leaves extend from it. Adventitious roots grow from the bottom, strengthening the bulb in the ground and delivering water and minerals to the plant. In the axils of succulent leaves, buds develop, from which above-ground shoots or baby bulbs develop, like garlic ( vegetative propagation). The bulb serves primarily for survival during the period of severe summer drought and deep heating of the soil: the water contained in the tissues of the fleshy leaves of the bulb provides life to the plant. In this form, early flowering perennial plants ( tulips, snowdrops, scillas, bows) are experiencing unfavorable conditions.
Other modified shoots:
Ø hawthorn thorns
Ø tendrils of grapes, cucumbers, pumpkins
Ø succulent stem of cactus (succulent)
ü C2. What modified shoot is shown in the picture? Name the structural elements indicated in the figure by numbers 1, 2, 3, and the functions that they perform.
1) bulb; 2) 1 - succulent scale-like leaf, in which nutrients and water are stored: 2 - adventitious lint, ensuring the absorption of water and minerals: 3 - bud, ensures shoot growth
ü C2. Name the vegetative organ of the plant shown in the figure, its structures indicated by numbers 1 and 2, and the functions they perform. What role does this vegetative organ play in the life of a plant? 1) bulb - a shortened modified shoot, participates in vegetative propagation, accumulates nutrients; 2) 1 - bottom, a modified stem from which adventitious roots grow and buds form on it; 3) 2- dry scaly leaf; protects the bulb from drying out and damage.
C2. Which organ is indicated by the letter A in the picture? Justify your answer. What role does it play in the life of a plant? 1) A - head of cabbage, modified shoot (bud); 2) has a modified stem - stump, leaves, buds;
3) nutritious substances are stored in the modified shoot, which ensures the wintering of biennial cabbage and the formation of flowers and fruits in the second year.
Sheet- a lateral vegetative organ growing on a stem, having bilateral symmetry and a growth zone at the base.
Green Leaf Functions:
§ photosynthesis,
§ transpiration (regulated evaporation of water)
§ gas exchange
§ vegetative propagation
§ leaf fall
The leaf connects the entire plant with its environment. The leaf size ranges from a few millimeters to 10 m or more (for palm trees). The lifespan of leaves depends on the morphophysiological characteristics of the plant, seasonal changes in nature (prolonged drought, sudden cold snaps and other factors). In deciduous plants, the leaf is retained throughout the growing season, i.e. a few months; for evergreens (spruce, pines, ivy, etc.) - from 1.5 to 5 years or more.
Substances that plants do not need accumulate in old leaves ( silica, etc.), chlorophyll is destroyed; Before leaf fall, the leaves become red and yellow, which is due to the presence of a number of pigments in the cell sap.
The leaf consists of a leaf blade and a petiole. The lower part of the leaf, articulated with the stem, is called the leaf base. Leaves without petioles are called sessile (agave). In cereals, the lower part of the leaf is expanded and covers the stem, forming the vagina (vaginal leaves). Leaves with petioles are called petiolate. The petioles orient the leaf blades in relation to the light source, creating a leaf mosaic ( phototropism), namely, such a placement of leaves on the shoot in which they do not shade each other. This is achieved:
ü different length and curvature of the petiole;
ü different size and shape of the leaf blade;
ü photosensitivity of leaves.
In many plants, special outgrowths develop at the base of the leaf petiole - stipules, having the form of films, scales, small leaves. The structure of the leaf as a vegetative organ is extremely diverse. Leaves can be simple or complex.
U simple leaves one leaf blade develops. It can be whole (the edge of the leaf blade is not cut, like in lilac, or slightly cut, like in nettle, birch, poplar) or dissected (the leaf blade is cut into a quarter of its width or more, like in common oak, viburnum, dandelion, tansy ).
Complex sheet consists of several leaf blades that are attached to a common petiole using their own petioles (clover, white acacia, alfalfa) or a sharply narrowed leaf base (lupine). In woody plants, the leaves of a compound leaf fall off one by one, or the entire leaf falls off entirely and only subsequently falls apart. Depending on the arrangement of the leaflets of a compound leaf on a common petiole, palmate and pinnately compound leaves are distinguished. In palmate leaves (strawberry, lupine), the leaflets are attached to the top of the common petiole and are located radially. A palmate-compound leaf, in which the leaf blade consists of three leaflets, is often called trifoliate. In pinnately compound leaves (peas, yellow acacia), the leaflets are located on both sides of the common petiole.
Leaf arrangement
Leaves develop at nodes, i.e. on the leaf-bearing areas of the shoot. The areas of the stem between the nodes are called internodes. Both simple and compound leaves are arranged on the stems in a specific order. At the next one or spiral, leaf arrangement there is only one leaf per node (cherry, pear, birch). With an opposite node there are two leaves located one opposite the other (in lilac, fuchsia). At whorled In leaf arrangement, there are three or more leaves on a node, forming a leaflet around the circumference of the node. In many plants (plantain, cinquefoil, dandelion), the internodes are barely noticeable. The leaves of these plants are located close to the ground in the form of a rosette.
V. A. G. B. Question: What letter in the picture represents the receptors? Answers: 1) a 2) b 3) c 4) d.
Picture 31 from the Unified State Examination presentation for biology lessons on the topic “Tasks in biology”Dimensions: 1056 x 718 pixels, format: png. To download a free picture for a biology lesson, right-click on the image and click “Save image as...”. To display pictures in class, you can also download the entire presentation “Unified State Exam.ppt” with all the pictures in a zip archive for free. The archive size is 1141 KB.
Download presentationBiology assignments
"Biology Quiz" - Hint #1. Hint #3. You will be happy with life again. By what signs did you find the odd one out? “Tops” Peas Beans Wheat Birch Lily of the valley Strawberries Garlic. Who's left on your list? What kind of plant is in the “black” box? The decoction is used to spray plants against pests. If someone has a cold, their head hurts, their stomach hurts.
“Research methods in biology” - Studying new material. Classical sciences of the biological cycle: Conclusions on the effectiveness of the lesson. Cytology histology embryology genetics selection ecology evolutionary teaching. Updating knowledge. There was a need to classify and systematize natural objects. Homework. Your answer options:
“Biology Course” - IUMK “New Biology” is intended for grades 6-9 of secondary school. IUMK “New Biology” (6-9). Team of authors: director E.V. Chudinova, E.N. Bukvareva, V.E. Zaitseva, E.A. Kovalchuk, O.A. Krasnykh. Course concept. It is being developed in collaboration with teams of authors in other subject disciplines.
“Botanist Vavilov” - In Merton (England), in the genetic laboratory of the Horticultural Institute. In 1906 “I don’t mind giving my life for the smallest thing in science...”. In 1913 Completed by: Babicheva Roxana and Zhdanova Lyudmila, students of grade 10B. Vavilov's authority as a scientist and organizer of science grew. Vavilov Nikolai Ivanovich.
"Biology Game" - First round. What breed was the dog in I. Turgenev’s story “Mumu”? Who was Arachne, the royal daughter of Colophon, turned into? Which whale is the largest? The team bets on a certain number of points. Grass of the nasturtium family and the prehensile-tailed monkey. What type of kohlrabi? Name the bird of Athena, goddess of wisdom.
“Science of Living Nature” - Design of workbooks. 3. Biology - the science of living nature. Kingdoms of living nature. Biology is the science of living nature. Bacteria. Mushrooms. They combine the characteristics of plants and animals and feed on ready-made organic substances. They have chlorophyll and form organic substances in the light, releasing oxygen. Question: Give examples of living organisms.
There are a total of 13 presentations in the topic
Smooth muscle tissue, unlike striated muscle tissue, provides contraction
2-muscles of the upper and lower extremities
3-organs of the digestive canal
4 facial muscles
5-diaphragm and intercostal muscles
6-kidneys and bladder
Indicate the number under which the name of the bones that are fixedly connected to each other is indicated.
1- Bones of the skull. 2- Humerus, radius and ulna. 3- pelvic bones. 4- Vertebrae.
Part C
What ensures the hardness and elasticity of bones?
What is the difference between the nervous and humoral modes of regulation of functions?
Find errors in the given text. Indicate the numbers of the proposals in which they are made.
1. Hearing organ Not allows a person to distinguish sounds and noises. 2. The organ of hearing is divided into the outer, middle and inner ear. 3. The outer and middle ears are separated by the eardrum 4. The cavity of the middle ear contains the cochlea and the organ of balance. 5. Nerve impulses along the auditory nerve enter the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex and are analyzed.
Option 3
Part A
1. – The nervous system performs a number of functions:
a – reflex, b – nutritional, c – regulation of activity, d – coordination.
2. – The spinal cord is covered with membranes:
a – soft, b – arachnoid, c – bone, d – hard.
The visual zone of the hemispheres is located in
a – anterior part of the cortex, in front of the central sulcus, b – occipital part, c – temporal part.
4 – Braking happens:
a – internal, b – intermediate, c – external, d – weak, low excitable type.
Unconditioned reflexes are
a - congenital reflexes, b - acquired reflexes.
Human hemispheres
a – 1, b – 2, c – 3, d – 4.
7 – Systems that provide analysis of irritations are called:
a – neurons b – receptors c – analyzers.
We feel bitter
a – tip of the tongue, b – root of the tongue, c – sides of the tongue, d – tip and sides of the tongue.
What part of the bones is a hematopoietic organ?
a – periosteum, b – cartilage, c – bone tissue, d – red bone marrow.
What gland is affected by acromegaly in adults?
a – thyroid, b – pituitary gland, c – pancreas.
The axons and dendrites that make up nerves are called
a – nervous tissue, b – nervous system, c – nerve fibers.
12 – The outer layer of the eye is called:
a – sclera b – cornea c – vascular d – iris d – pupil.
The centers of satiety and hunger are located in
a – midbrain, b – medulla oblongata, c – pons, d – diencephalon, e – cerebellum.
14 – We feel sweet a – tip of the tongue b – root of the tongue c – sides of the tongue
d – tip and sides of the tongue.
What diseases develop with a lack of thyroid hormones?
a – myxedema, b – Graves’ disease, c – gigantism, d – cretinism, e – goiter.
Part B
Indicate the numbers that indicate the bones of the lower extremities.
1. Vertebra. 2. Shin. 3. Femur. 4. Spatula. 5. Collarbone. 6. Foot. 7. Shin bones. 8. Radial
bone. 9. Thigh. 10. Collarbone. 11. Frontal bone. 12. Pelvic bones.
2) Indicate the numbers that designate the analyzer departments (three correct answers).
1- Insert. 2- Peripheral. 3- Conductor. 4- Central. 5- Sensitive. 6- Motor.
Indicate which bones are indicated by numbers 1 3 5 7
 |
Part C
What types of human temperament do you know?
How do conditioned reflexes differ from unconditioned reflexes?
Why does a person open his mouth slightly during a strong sound?
Option 4
Part A
The reflex arc consists of
a - 3 departments, b - 5 departments, c - 1 department
