Lung hypertension: symptoms and treatment. Treatment and signs of pulmonary hypertension pulmonary pressure

From this article you will learn: what is pulmonary hypertension. The reasons for the development of the disease, the types of increase in pressure in the lung vessels, and as pathology manifests itself. Features of diagnosis, treatment and forecast.

Publication date of Articles: 07/01/2017

Date of renewal of the article: 05/29/2019

Pulmonary hypertension is a pathological condition at which a gradual increase in pressure occurs in the system of lung vessels, which leads to the growing lack of work of the right ventricle and ultimately ends with the premature death of man.

In the disease in the circulatory system of lungs, the following pathological changes occur:

In order for blood through the modified vessels, there is an increase in pressure in the slope of the pulmonary artery. This leads to an increase in pressure in the cavity of the right ventricle and leads to a violation of its function.

Such changes in the bloodstream manifest themselves with increasing respiratory failure in the first stages and severe heart failure - in the final of the disease. From the very beginning, the impossibility of breathing normally imposes significant restrictions on the familiar life of patients, forcing himself to limit itself in the loads. Reducing the resistance to physical work is exacerbated as the disease progressing.

The pulmonary hypertension is considered to be a very serious disease - without treatment, patients live less than 2 years old, and most of this time they need help in caring for themselves (cooking, cleaning the room, purchase of products, etc.). When conducting therapy, the forecast is somewhat improved, but it is impossible to fully recover from the disease.

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The problem of the diagnosis, treatment and observation of people with pulmonary hypertension is engaged in the doctors of many specialties, depending on the cause of the disease, this may be: therapists, pulmonologists, cardiologists, infectiousists and genetics. If surgical correction is needed, vascular and thoracic surgeons are joined.

Classification of pathology

Pulmonary hypertension is primary, independent illness only in 6 cases per million people, this form includes an unreserved and hereditary form of the disease. In other cases, changes in the vascular bed of lungs are associated with any primary pathology of the organ or system of organs.

On this basis, a clinical classification of pressure increase in the pulmonary arterial system was created:

Basic Group	Subgroups of the disease
Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Idiopathic or without primary cause
	Family (caused by mutations in certain genes)
	Associated, or associated, with: vascular deposition of collagen (systemic red lupus, sclerodermia); congenital heart defects; hepatic hypertension; HIV infection; medicinal or toxic lesion; thyroid diseases; gosher's disease (deposition in glucocerebroside tissues); randu - Ozeri disease; glycogen accumulation disease; pathologies of the structure of hemoglobin molecule (hemoglobinopathy); removing a spleen; diseases accompanied by the increased activity of the red bone marrow (myeloproliferative).
	Associated with a large defeat of capillaries and veins: pulmonary vein-occlusive disease (blood clots in the venous lung system), pulmonary capillar hemangiomatosis (the growth of small vessel tissue with the formation of benign formations - hemangiom).
	Persistent (currently current) pulmonary hypertension of newborns
Pulmonary hypertension associated with the defeat of the left heart	Defeat of left ventricle
	Light ventricular damage
Hypertension associated with diseases of the respiratory system and (or) low blood oxygen content	Violation of the development of the lungs (hereditary and congenital forms of underdevelopment)
	Alpine (linked low air pressure in the mountains)
	Breathing pathology during sleep (night apnea syndrome)
	Violation of the function of the alveoli - the main active units of light tissue
	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
	The defeat of the intercellular space of the pulmonary fabric (interstice) - inflammation, the growth of the connective tissue
Pulmonary hypertension on the background or embolism	Plugging of the final branches of pulmonary arteries
	Overlap of the enlightenment of the initial branches of the vessels
	Not connected with clots Thrombing:
Mixed forms	Sarcoidosis - formation in lung granulom fabric from connective tissue
	GISTIOTIONS - Education in the light foci of the accumulation of histiocytes
	Lymphangomatosis - benign tumors of lymphatic vessels
	Combination of pulmonary vessels from the outside: an increase in intragenic lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy); inflammation of the mediastinum (mediastinite).

Increasing the pressure in the circulatory system of the lungs due to the violation of the structure of the heart is noted in vices related to the discharge of arterial blood into the venous system: defects of partitions between atrial and ventricles, open arterial duct.

Causes and Risk Factors

The following reasons may affect the increase in pressure in pulmonary arteries:

Manifestations of pathology, disease classes

The primary stage of changes in the vascular system of the lungs flows imperceptibly - compensatory, replacement mechanisms are coping with the resulting pathology, and this is sufficient for the normal state of the patient.

When the level of average pressure in the pulmonary artery reaches a critical indicator of 25-30 mm Hg. Art. The first symptoms appear in pulmonary hypertension. At this stage, the sickness fell by the deterioration of the state only during physical overvoltage and lives a full-fledged life.

As the changes in the vessels progress, the tolerances are reduced to the veins, as a result, even households may require assistance.

Symptoms of the disease	Their characteristic features
Dyspnea	Difficulty occurs only on inhale The first manifestation of pathology Initially, it occurs only during exercise Latest stages are present alone There are no attacks of suffocation
Chest pain	Can be any: noving, compressible, stitching or goded No clear start of pain syndrome Duration from a few seconds before the day Amplified during physical tension No effect from nitroglycerin
Dizziness, fainting	Always associated with load Duration from 2-5 to 20-25 minutes
Interruptions in the work of the heart, heartbeat	According to the ECG data register sinus tachycardia
Cough	It occurs in 1/3 of the fallen In most cases, dry (if there is no concomitant disease of the respiratory system)
Blood in sputum (hemopling)	There are only 10% of patients There is a one-time Rarely persists within a few days Associated with the formation of clots in small vessels

In order to assess the severity of the disease, depending on the severity of manifestations, the separation of pulmonary hypertension to classes is used.

Diagnostics

Deciding for the fact that the disease pulmonary hypertension, as she manifests itself and why it occurs, you can go to the peculiarities of diagnosis. The table presents the methods of examination of the patient and pathological changes, characteristic precisely to increase the pressure in the circulatory system of the lungs. Signs of the disease that caused pathology (if there is), not specified in this article.

Diagnostic method	What changes can be seen
Primary examination of the patient	Skin Sensibility in Hands and Legs (Akricyanosis) Changing the shape of finger tips and nails (thickening, extension by type "drum sticks" and "hourly glasses") Increase in the size of the chest in patients with emphysema ("barrel-shaped") Increased liver (hepatomegaly) Cluster of fluid in the cavities of the abdomen and chest (ascites, pleurisy) Edems on the legs The increase and swelling of the veins on the neck
Auscultation or listening to lungs and hearts	Strengthening 2 tones above the pulmonary artery Systolic noise of valve deficiency between right-hand atrial and ventricle Dry, single wheels above the surface of the lungs Other noise characteristic of heart failure if it is the cause of pathology
ECG (electrocardiography) - 55% effective.	Thickening and expansion of right ventricle (hypertrophy and dilatation) - revealed in 87% of the ill Signs of overload of the right heart departments - there are less than 60% of cases Deviation of the electrical axis of the heart to the right - in 79%
VKG (vector designercardiography) is an assessment of the cardiac cycle not on the line (ECG), but on the plane. Effective 63%.	The same changes as on the ECG
FKG (phonocardiography) - Registration of noise arising from myocardial. The effectiveness of the diagnosis rises to 76-81%	The initial stage of increase in pressure in the pulmonary artery Primary changes in the structure of the right ventricle prior to attaching to reduce its function Blood stagnation in a small circulation circle Change the function of the tricuspid valve Diagnostics of the defects of the development of the heart muscle
Radiography of the chest	Empty of the pulmonary artery Expansion of lung roots Increase the right departments of the heart muscle High transparency on the edge of the lung fabric
(ultrasonography) through the chest	Increased pressure in the pulmonary artery trunk The degree of deficiency of the tricuspid valve Paradoxical movement of the interventricular partition (with a reduction, deviates to the cavity of the right ventricle) The presence of heart defects with blood relief in the venous system Expansion of the cavities of the right departments of the heart muscle Thickening the front wall of the right ventricle
Catheterization of the right heart departments - an invasive procedure for introducing a sensor in the heart through a large vein system	Exact pressure in the trunk of a pulmonary artery, gastroincing cavity Changing the volume of blood coming from the ventricle to the artery while reducing myocardium Raising vascular resistance in a small circulation circle Oxygen saturation level of arterial and venous blood
Conducting medicinal samples during heart catheterization	Reaction to the introduction of calcium antagonists (basic drugs for treatment)

Additional research methods

Used to clarify the reasons for increasing pressure in the system of pulmonary arteries and clarifying diagnostics, if there is no confidence in the exact disease. These studies are also necessary to establish a clinical class of pulmonary hypertension.

FVD (Function of external breathing). It is necessary to evaluate to exclude the pathology of the respiratory system. At elevated pressure in the circulatory system of the lungs, a moderate decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon oxide is noted (the main blood gases).
Ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy of the lungs - the study of the lungs by introducing radioactive particles into the blood. Conduct to exclude blockage branches of branching arteries of the lungs as the main cause of breathing problems.
MSCT (multispiral computed tomography) of the heart and lungs with a contrast gain - the X-ray method for creating a three-dimensional image of the organ using a computer program. It allows you to accurately determine the reason for increasing the pressure, if it is related to cardiovascular or respiratory systems, as well as estimate the degree of violation of the function of the heart muscle and the level of replacement by the connective tissue of the lung vessels.
APG (angioulmonography) is the introduction of a contrast agent in the vessels of the lungs and the fixation of the resulting picture using X-ray. It is shown in suspected thromboembolism, which could not be identified with other studies.

Treatment methods

Any methods of treating pulmonary hypertension give only a temporary effect. Fully relieve the patient from the disease, regardless of the reason for the increase in pressure in the lung vessels, it is impossible. With a good response to treatment, the overall state of the disease is improved, the ability to perform exercise and more than twice the life expectancy. If you do not treat pathology, then the lethal exodus occurs within 2 years after the detection of the disease.

avoid physical exertion after eating food and under adverse temperature conditions (very hot or cold);
perform daily dosage exercises that do not cause the appearance of symptoms and maintain a good tone of vessels;
use oxygen therapy in flights;
avoid and prevent inflammatory diseases of the bronchi and lungs;
do not use hormone-proof therapy in menopause;
if possible, refrain from pregnancy and childbirth;
do not use hormonal methods for pregnancy protection;
prevent reduction in hemoglobin levels (anemia).

Medicine

Medical therapy is the main way of correction of pulmonary hypertension. The treatment uses several groups of drugs, most often in combination with each other.

1. Basic treatment - the patient receives a constant medication

2. Currency treatment - use several times a year or as needed

Oxygen therapy is a highly efficient way to increase blood saturation levels with a deterioration in state or in adverse environmental conditions.

Nitrogen oxide - has a high vasculating effect, used for inhalations within a few hours only during hospitalization in the hospital.

Surgical treatment methods

Apply in the case of low efficiency of drug treatment and under the defects of the heart muscle.

Method	When used
Atrial septostomy - creating a message between atria	With pronounced deficiency of the function of the right ventricle, as a preparatory stage in front and lungs
Thrombandadertectomy - Removal of blood clots from arteries	Removal of clots from the initial departments of the lung artery branches in order to reduce the load on the right ventricle and reduce the manifestations of heart failure. Can be carried out only under the condition that the thrombus did not start reborn into the connecting tissue (the first 5-10 days)
Heart Reduction or Complex "Light - Heart"	Spend in patients with primary, idiopathic pulmonary hypertension in the last stage of heart failure With severe heart defects, which caused blood flow in the lungs

Forecast

When the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension is installed, the forecast for complete recovery is unfavorable. Life life of patients, even subject to treatment, limited. With any form of the disease, there is a quick or slow increase in the lack of work of the right half of the heart muscle, against the background of which the death of the disease occurs.

Pulmonary hypertension differs in the most unfavorable flow against the background of systemic sclerodermia (the rebirth of organs of organs into the connecting tissue) - patients live no more than a year.
The forecast for the primary form of increasing pressure in the blood vessels of the lungs is slightly better: the average life is up to 3 years.
The development of cardiac and pulmonary failure in the defects of heart development is an indication for surgical treatment (organ transplantation). Five-year term is experiencing 40-44% of such patients.
An extremely unfavorable factor is the rapid increase in the deficiency of the function of the right ventricle and its extreme form of manifestation. Treatment in such cases does not give effect, the fallen dying for 2 years.
With a good response to the medicinal treatment (with a "soft" form of pulmonary hypertension), more than 67% of patients are experiencing a five-year term.

Many heard about arterial hypertension - so called hypertension. But the pulmonary hypertension is known less - it belongs to rare diseases, occurs about 5 people out of 100 thousand. How does the disease manifest themselves, what effective methods are used in therapy?

Causes and forms of pathology

Lung arterial hypertension - what is it? So called the disease caused by pathological changes in the pulmonary system, under which there is a sharp increase in intravascular pressure above 35 mm Hg. Art.

Primary pulmonary hypertension is not to the end of the studied form of the disease. The reason for the development of idiopathic form of pathology is genetic violations of the vessels of the pulmonary system. In the body in small quantities produced substances that are responsible for expanding and narrowing vessels. The primary hypertension can cause the overall activity of platelets, which leads to the blockage of the vessels.

Secondary pulmonary hypertension develops as a result of various chronic diseases - congenital heart disease, thrombotic damage to the arteries in the lungs, piquet syndrome, cardiological and pulmonary diseases, bronchial asthma.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is caused by blockage of vessels. The disease is characterized by rapid progression, acute respiratory failure, decrease in blood pressure, hypoxia.

Factors contributing to the development of the disease:

reception of amphetamine, cocaine, antidepressants and drugs, overwhelming appetite;
pregnancy, hypertension, HIV, pathological liver changes;
oncological diseases of the blood formation system;
increased pressure in the collar zone;
hyperthyroidism;
frequent rises in the mountains;
squeezing the vessels in the lungs of a tumor, deformed sternum or due to obesity.

Important! Studies of foreign scientists proved that the primary pulmonary hypertension causes some antibiotics, hormonal oral contraceptives. Pathology is often developing in smokers.

How the disease is manifested

Moderate pulmonary hypertension develops slowly, at the initial stage of the symptoms of the disease do not have a pronounced manifestation. The main clinical sign of the disease is a pulmonary heart. Pathology is characterized by hypertrophic changes in the right heads of the heart.

Which signs should appeal to the doctor:

The main manifestation of the disease is shortness of breath, which is enhanced even with minor physical exertion.
Heart palpitations. The cause of tachycardia is respiratory failure, a lack of oxygen blood.
Pain syndrome. The pain of a compressive nature occurs behind the sternum and in the heart area. With severe physical exertion, fainting is possible.
Dizziness, weakness, fatigue.
The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneum (ascites), strong swelling and the formation of the limbs, drinking veins on the neck. These symptoms are developing against the background of chronic right-hand deficiency - the heart muscle of the right ventricle does not cope with the loads, which leads to violations in a large circulation circle.
The increase in liver leads to the occurrence of gravity and pain under the right ribs.
Nausea, meteorism, vomiting caused gases in the intestines. Weight decrease with normal full-fledged nutrition.

Fingers thicken in the upper phalanges, nails become similar on glass clocks. As the pathology develops, a sputum of blood appears, which signals the beginning of the edema of the lungs. The patient is tormented by the attacks of angina and arrhythmia. In the terminal stage of the disease, the ignition of active tissues begins.

Important! Pulmonary hypertension is a hereditary disease caused by a defect of genome.

Degree of disease

Depending on the degree of development of the pulmonary heart and hypoxia, 3 degrees of pathology are distinguished.

Pulmonary hypertension 1 degree. With transient form, there are no clinical and radiological manifestations. At this stage, primary symptoms of respiratory failure may appear.

Lung hypertension 2 degrees. In a stable stage of the disease, shortness of breath begins to develop and form a pulmonary heart. When listening, you can hear the initial manifestations of increased pressure in the pulmonary artery.

In the third stage there is an increase in the liver, swelling appears, the skin is changed color, begin to swell the veins on the neck.

Diagnostics

Signs of pulmonary hypertension are often very specific, therefore, on the basis of only complaints and external inspections, it is difficult to correctly establish the main cause of the disease. Only with the help of careful diagnosis you can see all the pathology and malfunctions in the body. Consultation must be passed by the pulmonologist and the cardiologist.

How is the diagnosis:

Collecting anamnesis - definition from the words of the patient time deterioration, as the disease is manifested, with which the appearance of unpleasant symptoms can be connected.
Analysis of lifestyle - the presence of bad habits, hereditary diseases, working conditions.
Visual inspection - the formation of the skin, change the shape of the fingers and the state of the nails. The doctor notes whether there is swelling, changing the size of the liver. Required thorough listening to the lungs and heart phononendoscope.
ECG - with its help determine the changes in the size of the right heart departments.
X-ray of the chest area allows you to see an increase in the size of the heart.
Catheterization (pressure measurement) artery.

The most informative type of diagnosis is echocardiography. The signs of pulmonary hypertension on the ultrasound of the heart are manifested in the form of hypertrophy of the right ventricle. Indicators less than 4 mm indicate the absence of pathology. If the wall thickness of the ventricle exceeds 10 mm - this indicates the development of pulmonary hypertension.

Conservative treatments

After careful diagnosis, you must immediately begin drug treatment. The goal of therapy is to eliminate or adjust the main manifestations of the disease, prevent the development of related diseases.

Preparations for selection with pulmonary hypertension:

Blockers of calcium channels - prazosin, nifedipine. These medicines are prescribed at an early stage of the disease. Verapamil is not recommended to use for the treatment of hypertension, since therapeutic effect of funds is rather weak.
Preparations that dilute blood - aspirin, cardiomagnet.
Diolets Medicines - Laziks, Furosemide.
Digoxin - heart glycoside. The drug is shown at shimmetic arrhythmia to normalize the heart rhythm.
Anticoagulants - warfarin, heparin. Medicines are used to prevent the formation of thromboms.
Prostaglandins and their analogues - Treprostinyl, Epoprostenol. Medicinal preparations for normalization of pressure in the pulmonary artery.
Bozenthane - slows down the development of pulmonary hypertension.
Drugs that improve metabolic processes in cells - riboxin, potassium orotat.

For several years, scientists have a study on the efficiency of using Sildenafil in the complex therapy of pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil citrate is the main component of the Viagra and is designed to eliminate erectile dysfunction.

The drug was used on patients within 12 weeks. In control groups that received 20-80 mg of the drug, the indicators have improved significantly.

How to treat in adults

If the patient has a hemoglobin level exceeds 170 g / l, cervical veins are repeated - they are heating. Positive results give inhalation with oxygen that must be made by courses.

Reduce the progression of the disease can be possible with operational intervention. The shunt method is used - create an artificial oval window between the atria, which is why high pulmonary hypertension decreases. This allows you to extend the life of the patient, the forecasts of the disease are significantly improved.

The organ transplantation is also used - to eliminate pathology, it is enough to transplant 1 light. But after 5 years, many patients begin with rejection.

Important! In the later stages of the disease, a heart and lung transplant is possible. It is inappropriate to conduct a similar operation at the beginning of the development of pathology.

Such pathology indicates the impossibility of adapting blood circulation in the lungs outside the womb and is found in 0.1-0.2% of newborns. Most often, the disease is diagnosed in children who appeared on the light with the help of cesarean sections. The identification of the disease occurs in the first 3 days after birth.

Against the background of hypertension begins to dramatically increase the pressure in the vessels of the lungs, the heart is experiencing increased loads. To avoid heart failure, the body begins to reduce pressure in the lungs - reduces the volume of circulating blood, discounts it into the oval window in the heart or into an open arterial flow. Such actions lead to an increase in venous blood, a decrease in oxygen content.

Causes of the development of pathology:

transferred prenatal stress - hypoxia and glycemia can cause newborn spasm in the pulmonary artery, as well as sclerotic changes of the vessel walls;
delayed ripening of vascular walls - spasms often occur in such vessels;
the presence of congenital diaphragmal hernia - with such disease, light and vessels remain underdeveloped and cannot function in full;
premature closure of embryonic arterial duct, which leads to an increase in pulmonary blood flow;
congenital heart and pulmonary malformations.

Hypertension in a newborn may occur against the background of intrauterine infection, sepsis. The cause can be polycythemia - oncological disease in which the number of erythrocytes in the blood is dramatically increasing.

Important! Cause a child's pathology can some drug drugs that took a woman during pregnancy - antibiotics, aspirin.

The newborn with a pulmonary hypertension breathing is heavy, shortness of breath begins, in a breath, the chest falls inside, the skin and mucous membranes are blue. Without timely qualified assistance, 4 out of 5 kids with pathologies die during the first three days after birth.

Pathology during pregnancy

Important! Pulmonary hypertension is diagnosed in women of childbearing age almost 2 times more often than in men.

The cause of the development of the disease during pregnancy can serve as heart disease, genetic predisposition to hypertension.

The first signs of the disease in pregnant women:

the appearance of shortness of breath is even at rest;
cough of unproductive origin;
weakness and fatigue;
frequent diseases of the respiratory organs.

In the second and third trimester, pain appear in the area of \u200b\u200bthe heart and sternum, wet wars in the lungs, swelling. In the absence of necessary therapy, a spontaneous interruption of pregnancy is possible.

Women who have pathology of pulmonary vessels, recommend avoiding pregnancy. When interrupting the navigation, the risk of death is 7%. If a woman does not want to interrupt pregnancy, then all the time before the appearance of the baby she will have to hold in the hospital. In the hospital, oxygenotherapy will be carried out, the prevention of blood clots.

The percentage of mortality among the feminine is very high (reaching 40%), regardless of the therapy conducted during pregnancy. Most of the lethal cases are directly related to the time of delivery or first a week after childbirth.

Folk treatments

Even traditional medicine is not able to completely eliminate the pulmonary hypertension. Therapy will be effective only if it is possible to eliminate the cause of the disease. Treatment with folk remedies is aimed at reducing symptoms.

Raw 225 ml of boiling water 5 g ripe rowan, leave for an hour. Take 110 ml three times a day. The duration of therapy is 1 month.
You can get rid of arrhythmia using fresh pumpkin juice. On the day you need to drink 100 ml of drink.
Also for treatment and prevention you need to eat 4 juniper berries daily. Of these, you can also cook infusion. Fall asleep in thermos 25 g of fruits, pour 260 ml of boiling water, leave overnight. Medicine is divided into 4 servings, drink for 1 day.
Adonis helps eliminate the main manifestations of the disease, eliminates the eighties of the lungs. Brew 220 ml of boiling water 3 g of raw materials, leave for 2 hours. Take 30 ml before meals.

Garlic

Clear and grind 2 fresh garlic heads, mix in a glass container, pour 230 ml of vodka. Insist 15 days in a dark cool room. Take tincture 5 times a day. One-time dose is 20 drops - the medicine must be divorced in 15 ml of warm water or milk. The duration of therapy is 21 days.

With alcohol intolerance, they make a medicine from 3 large garlic heads and 3 crushed lemons. A mixture of pouring 1 liters of boiling water, closing the container, leave one day. Take 3 times a day at 15 ml.

Grass

The alcohol tincture is prepared from Calendula's inflorescences. Pour 160 ml of vodka 60 g of raw materials, insist for a week. Take 25 drops three times a day for 3 months.

Here are still recipes:

Grind 22 g of dried birch leaves, pour 420 ml of boiling water, remove into a dark cool room for 2 hours. Take 105 ml four times a day. The duration of treatment is 15 days.
Raw 245 ml of boiling water 6 g of flax grass, leave for an hour in a closed container. Take 35 ml 36 times a day.
To be confused into powder corn stiggers. To 50 g of powder add 100 ml of fresh honey, take a medicine of 5 g before eating 3-5 times a day.

Important! Non-traditional treatment methods must be used only in drug complex.

Nutrition rules

Diet with pulmonary hypertension implies a limitation in the diet of salt, animal fats. It is also necessary to reduce the amount of fluid consumed. The basis of nutrition should be vegetable food, animal products should be with a minimum amount of fat.

Lifestyle:

preventing exacerbation of autoimmune diseases - timely vaccination against influenza, rubella, other infectious diseases;
dosed physical exertion - at the initial stages of the disease, a special medical physical education is prescribed, at the last stage, physical classes minimize or completely limit;
pregnancy protection - increased heart load with lung hypertension can lead to death;
consultations in a psychologist to restore neuropsychic equilibrium - in patients with hypertension often arise depressive states, suicidal thoughts.

To prevent the development of the disease, all bad habits should be excluded. With regular physical exertion, blood circulation is improved, which prevents the formation of blood clots. The diet must be full and balanced.

Forecasts and consequences

Without proper treatment, the average lifespan at pulmonary hypertension is 2.5 years. The disease from the primary stage goes into secondary, the signs of the disease are aggravated, the condition is significantly deteriorated.

Against the background of insufficient nutrition of tissue with oxygen, strong and frequent shortness of breath develops, which occurs even in calm state. Hypoxia leads to an increase in blood viscosity - thrombus arise, which can clog the vessels in the lungs.

Indicators of medium pressure in the pulmonary artery - an important factor in life expectancy. If the indicators stably hold above the mark of 30 mm RT. Art. And they are not reduced under the influence of drugs - life expectancy will be about 5 years.

Important! Positive forecasts can be installed if therapy by calcium channels leads to improved patient's condition, the signs of the disease are gradually retreating. In this case, only 5% of patients live less than 5 years.

Pulmonary hypertension often leads to disability. With such a disease, many species and working conditions are contraindicated - heavy physical work, mental work with high nervous overloads and strong speech load. People with such a diagnosis is prohibited to work in rooms with high humidity, strong temperature and pressure drops.

With pulmonary hypoxia, it is impossible to work in harmful production - dust, irritating gases, poisons and other allergens may worsen the patient's condition.

Disability

Are disability in pulmonary hypertension? Yes, to get it you need to go through a special commission. From the documents must be provided:

chest radiography;
spirography;
results of the acid-base state of blood and blood gases;
echocardiography.

Which group of disability can be appointed with pulmonary hypertension? With a strongly progressive main disease, which causes limitation of the ability and the impossibility of the patient to serve itself independently, the inability to move the disability of the I degree is determined.

If under therapy there are unstable or minor improvements, the patient has limitations in self-maintenance and movement - the II group of disability is assigned. Sometimes the patient is recommended to work at home or in specially created conditions.

In determining the III group of disability, a person can engage in light physical labor even in production conditions, mental work with moderate mental and emotional overloads.

Code of the disease of the primary pulmonary hypertension in the international classification of diseases (ICD 10) - 127. Secondary - 128.8.

Pulmonary hypertension is a serious disease for which high mortality is characteristic. It is possible to avoid illness by refusing to harmful habits and timely consultations from doctors even with a minor deterioration of health.

Pathological state, for the flow of which is inherent in the increase in pressure in the pulmonary artery, in medicine is called pulmonary hypertension. A non-frequency ranked third worldwide among the diseases of the vessels characteristic of the elderly.

Causes of pulmonary hypertension

Lung hypertension can be as congenital anomaly, that is, the primary, or acquired, which is called secondary.

The following factors may be as a reason for improving pressure in the artery of the lungs:

heart failure;
vasculitis;
vices of a heart of various origin;
chronic lung diseases, including tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, etc.;
Tel or other lesions of pulmonary vessels;
exchange disorders;
finding in highland regions.

In cases where the exact causes of hypertension cannot be established possible, the doctor makes a diagnosis of primary hypertension. As a painful state with an unknown origin, the primary pulmonary hypertension can be provoked by the reception of various means of contraception or arose as a result of an autoimmune disease.

The secondary pulmonary disease can be caused by the pathologies of the heart muscle, lungs or vessels.

Classification of the disease

Depending on the severity of the disease of the painful state of the physician, 4 grades of patients are distinguished:

The first stage, not accompanied by loss of physical activity. The patient with pulmonary failure can withstand ordinary loads without the appearance of weakness, dizziness, pain in the sternum or shortness of breath.
In the second stage Diseases The physical activity of the patient is limited. There are no complaints of the complaints, but the usual load causes pronounced shortness of breath, dizziness and severe weakness.
Third stages of hypertension It raises the above signs at the very small physical activity of a person suffering from this disease.
Four-stage pulmonary hypertension It comes to pronounced signs of weakness, shortness of breath and pain even when a person is in a state of absolute rest.

Symptoms of pulmonary failure

The main sign of the disease is a shortness of breath, having several specific features, allowing it to distinguish it from symptoms of other diseases:

sketchy structure of vessels of lungs

observed and at rest;
its intensity increases with minimal exercise;
in a sitting position, the shortness of breath does not stop, unlike dyspnea of \u200b\u200bheart origin.

Other signs of pulmonary hypertension are also characteristic of most patients:

weakness and increased fatigue;
permanent dry cough;
leg swelling;
pain in the liver area caused by its increase;
pain in the chest due to the fact that the pulmonary artery is expanding;
in some cases, a hoarse voice is observed. It is caused by the fact that the artery at the expansion is infringed by the Horthland nerve.

Thus, pulmonary hypertension, the symptoms of which are often not specific, does not always allow to establish a correct diagnosis without a whole complex of surveys.

Diagnosis of the disease

As a rule, patients come to doctors with complaints of pronounced shortness interfering with them in ordinary life. Since primary pulmonary hypertension does not have specific symptoms that make it possible to diagnose with confidence in the first visit of the doctor, the diagnosis should be carried out with the participation of the cardiologist and the pulmonologist.

The complex of procedures involved in the process of diagnosis includes the following methods:

inspection of the doctor and confusion of anamnesis. Often the disease has hereditary reasons, so it is extremely important to collect information about family ailments;
clarification of the current lifestyle of the patient. Smoking, rejection of physical activity, receiving various medicines - all this is important when clarifying the causes of shortness of breath;
general inspection. The doctor has the opportunity to identify the physical state of the veins on the neck, the skin color (the formation in case of hypertension), an increase in the liver, the occurrence of swelling on the legs, thickening of the fingers;
electrocardiogram. The procedure allows you to identify changes in the right side of the heart;
echocardiography contributes to determining the flow rate of blood and the total state of the vessels;
It will show a method of layer-by-layer image. Increased pulmonary artery, as well as possible accompanying diseases of the lungs and hearts;
radiography of the lungs will allow to observe the condition of the artery, its expansion and narrowing;
the catheterization method is used to significantly measure the pressure inside the pulmonary artery. Doctors consider this procedure not only the most informative to obtain pressure values, but also conjugate with minimal risks of complications;
the test "6 minutes walk" helps to determine the physical response of the patient for the load and set the class of hypertension;
blood test: biochemical and general;
angiopulmonography allows you to obtain a complete drawing of vessels in the field of pulmonary artery into the vessels of a special contrast agent. The method must be used with increased caution, since its use can provoke the patient's hypertensive crisis.

Thus, pulmonary hypertension should be diagnosed only after a thorough comprehensive study of the state of the patient's vessels to eliminate the formulation of an erroneous diagnosis.

Reason to appeal to the doctor

The patient should consult a doctor if it feels the following signs of malaise:

the occurrence or enhanced shortness of shortness of breath when performing a conventional daily load;
the appearance of pains of non-declared origin in the chest;
if the patient has an inexplicable and incredit feeling of fatigue;
the appearance or strengthening of the degree of swelling.

Treatment of pulmonary failure

In most cases, primary pulmonary hypertension is amenable to treatment. The main guidelines when choosing a treatment technique are:

identification and elimination of the cause of the patient;
lowering pressure in the artery of the lung;
non-formation of blood clots in the patient's vascular system.

When prescribing treatment, the doctor may write down the following medicines:

medicines operating relaxing on the muscular layer of vessels. A similar group of drugs is very effective at the initial stages of the disease. Pulmonary hypertension, the treatment of which was started even before the changes in the vessels will become pronounced and irreversible, has a very good chance of fulfilling the patient from symptoms;
medicines designed to lower blood viscosity. If blood thickening is very pronounced, the doctor may decide on blood allowing. The hemoglobin level in such patients should not exceed 170 g / l;
with severe breath and hypoxia, oxygen inhalation is shown as a means of removing unpleasant physiological symptoms;
the doctor can recommend to reduce salt intake in food and reduce fluid intake to one and a half liters of pure water per day;
strict ban on intense physical exertion. Only such activity is allowed, in which the patient does not feel discomfort and painful manifestations;
if pulmonary hypertension is accompanied by a complication in the form of insufficient area of \u200b\u200bthe right ventricular heart, the doctor prescribes regular diuretic drugs;
in the most launched cases, the ailment resorts to the heart and lung transplant procedure. The technique is not yet sufficiently worked out in practical conditions, but the statistics of such transplants indicate their effectiveness.

Possible complications

Among the negative consequences of the disease can be allocated main:

aggravation of heart failure. The right hearts can stop cope with their current load, which further worsens the position of the patient;
the condition, called TELA - artery thrombosis in light, when blood clot overlaps the vessel. This disease is not just dangerous, but directly threatens the patient's life;
, conjugate with eleven swelling.

As a rule, the disease significantly reduces the standard of living of the patient and in most cases leads to a premature fatal outcome.

At the same time, pulmonary hypertension causes chronic or acute forms of cardiac and pulmonary failure, life-threatening patient.

Prevention

In order for the risk of this disease to become minimal, the following measures must be taken:

adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle. In particular, it is necessary to categorically refuse smoking and do physical exercise daily;
it is necessary to identify and treat the main diseases in charge of hypertension. This is possible in the case of a regular prophylactic visit to the doctor;
with established diseases of the bronchi and lungs having chronic nature, it is necessary to carefully observe the course of the disease. Dispensary observation will avoid the complications of the disease and will facilitate its flow;
diagnosed pulmonary hypertension is not a ban on any physical activity. On the contrary, a moderate load in the fresh air is shown like patients. Activity should be regular, but in no case is no more intense;
all situations that enter the stressful state must be excluded. Conflicts at work, at home or transport can cause an aggravation of the ailment.

Thus, the earlier the patient comes to a doctor for advice and the more carefully will perform its instructions, the greater the chances to suspend the course of the disease and not to translate it into a more severe stage, worse treatment.

Pulmonary hypertension (LH) is a disease during which the pressure in the pulmonary artery increases. Normally, the systolic pressure in the small circulation circle should be 18-25 mm Hg, diastolic - 6-10 mm Hg, and the mean specific pressure - in the range of 12-16 mm Hg. The diagnosis of "pulmonary hypertension" is set in case the average specific pressure exceeds 30 mm Hg. With exercise and 25 mm Hg. at rest.

This ailment significantly worsens the patient's condition and has an unfavorable forecast.. In some cases, it develops slowly, so patients may not suspect a long time that they have pulmonary hypertension, and begin treatment in the late stage. But remember that in any case everything is not lost: if you have diagnosed this disease, you can improve your condition thanks to special folk remedies. They reduce pressure in the pulmonary artery and remove unpleasant symptoms.

Stages of pulmonary hypertension

So, we know what LH is, it's time to talk about her stages. On the basis of pressure measured in the pulmonary artery, the disease is divided into three groups:

light pulmonary hypertension - corresponds to the average specific pressure of 25-36 mm mercury pillar;
moderate pulmonary hypertension - pressure is 35-45 mm Hg.;
heavy pulmonary hypertension - pressure exceeds 45 mm Hg.

Naturally, the higher the severity of the disease, the worse its forecast.

Causes and types of pulmonary hypertension

The cause of LH is a steady increase in pressure in pulmonary vessels. This may be a consequence of the following factors:

heart disease, valve patterns (mitral regurgitation) or Aisenmenmger syndrome with congenital anomalies;
lung diseases, such as pneumoconiosis, (COPD), sleep apnea syndrome;
connective tissue diseases, such as systemic red lupus, etc.;
complications after the thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery;
other diseases damaging pulmonary vessels (HIV infection, portal hypertension, toxic poisoning).

Pulmonary hypertension from the point of view of the causes of appearance is divided into 4 groups:

pulmonary arterial hypertension - mainly caused by diseases of connective tissue, HIV infection, portal hypertension, heart defects;
venous pulmonary hypertension - develops as a result of diseases of the left valve or left ventricle of the heart;
pulmonary hypertension associated with diseases of the respiratory or hypoxia - is mainly due to the interstitial disease of the lungs, COPD, respiratory disorders during sleep, chronic mountain sickness;
pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic thromboembolia is caused by blockage of pulmonary arteries.

Primary pulmonary hypertension

The primary form is also sometimes called the term "idiopathic pulmonary hypertension." It rarely arises (about 2 cases per million people), its etiology is unknown. The disease is more often diagnosed with middle-aged women. Risk factors, in addition to the above, is the presence of hypertension, infectious diseases and portal hypertension in the family history.

Primary pulmonary hypertension flows with vessel spasms in a small circle circle. In this case, there is an excessive blood coagulation. The forecast is very unfavorable. However, if you were diagnosed with primary pulmonary hypertension, should not be desirable. Better take yourself in hand and start the treatment with folk remedies - this will help extend the life for many years.

Secondary pulmonary hypertension

It develops against the background of other diseases - bronchial asthma, heart defects, lung fibrosis, hypertension, systemic red lupus, etc. Thus, in order to get rid of LH, it is necessary to first cure primary ailments if possible.

Symptoms

The first signs of pulmonary hypertension are a feeling of continuous fatigue and difficulty with breathing, especially after exercise. Patients are hard to walk, climb the stairs, lean and do the usual home work.

At the later stages of the disease, such symptoms appear:

dry cough;
happiness;
chest pain;
hemochlorin;
blue lip shade;
fainting;
cold limbs.

Pulmonary hypertension in newborns is manifested by the increase in militant places on the chest, shortness of breath and pronounced skin of the skin. At the same time, treatment with oxygen does not give any results.

Forecast and consequences

Any variety of LH gives the same result: increasing pulmonary vascular resistance. Such conditions forced the right ventricle to work stronger, which leads to heart hypertrophy and dilatation within the right ventricle. As a result, stagnant heart failure and deficiency of the mitral valve develop. Excessive overload of the right ventricle due to the disease of the lungs is called a "pulmonary heart". These changes lead to a decrease in cardiac output, and if the disease is not treated - then to death.
The forecast depends on the launching LG. If you take care of yourself, perform some recommendations and conduct treatment, you can suspend the development of the disease.

Treatment

So, you already know what light hypertension is and what is its symptoms. Now it's time to consider treatment.

If you have idiopathic (primary) pulmonary hypertension, then palliative treatment is carried outwhich allows you to extend the life to the patient and improve its quality. In secondary pulmonary hypertension, diseases are eliminated that led to such a problem.

Below we will give patients to lifestyle tips and imagine folk remedies that reduce pressure in the pulmonary artery.

Diet and lifestyle

Patients should avoid situations under which the symptoms of the disease are worse. Discard physical effort, do not rise to big heights, do not fly in airplanes. With the deterioration of health status, you can use breathing through oxygen cylinders.

It is very important to try to avoid stress, as it increases the blood pressure and the frequency of heart abbreviations. To combat stress, use meditation, walks in fresh air, meetings with friends, hobbies and other suitable ways.

As for the diet, the main rule here is to reduce salt intake. Replace it with other spices. Also, patients should drink no more than 1.5 liters of water per day not to increase pressure. Naturally, alcohol and cigarettes are completely prohibited at such a disease.

Garlic

A light subspecies of pulmonary hypertension can be fully cured with garlic. The fact is that this product is expanding the vessel of a small circle of blood circulation, removes the congestion in the veins, thereby reducing the pressure. It is also very useful for the heart, and after all, it is the heart problems often lead to LH.

The simplest recipe is every morning an empty stomach to eat 2 garlic cloves, drinking a glass of water. If you are afraid of an unpleasant smell of mouth, wore garlic of mint leaves.

Garlic tea helps well. Let you not frighten such an exotic name - this drink is very tasty and useful. It will help to restore not only the blood and respiratory system, but also the whole body. Ingredients for one portion:

1 garlic clove;
1 cup of water;
a little harmer ginger (about 7-8 grams);
1 tablespoon of lemon juice;
1 tablespoon honey.

Put water on fire. When it starts to boil, add a pre-grinding clove of garlic, ginger and spoonful of honey. Mix well and leave on a small fire to boil about 20 minutes. Then strain the obtained infusion. At the end, add some lemon juice. We recommend drinking this tea on an empty stomach twice a day.

Clover

Clover is very useful for the cardiovascular system and will help with your disease. It can be used in different ways.

If you can sit at home, clover in a pot, and eat young sprouts of this plant. The tablespoon of grass will be enough.

You can also make tea from dried clover flowers. The glass of water will need a teaspoon of a crushed plant. Fill the clover boiling water, insist 15 minutes, then drink. On the day take 2-3 glasses of this drug.

Digitalis

From pain in the chest and strong shortness of breath will save the opposition, but it is necessary to drink it carefully, increasing the dosage and watching the condition of the body.

Prepare alcohol tincture at the rate of 1 part of the dry grass of vice-tanks on 10 parts of alcohol with a fortress of 70 degrees. Insist the mixture of 2 weeks, then strain. Start with a dosage of 3 drops twice a day. The tincture must be dissolved in a small amount of water and drink on an empty stomach. After about a week, the dosage can be increased to 5 drops, then a week later - up to 7 drops. Then go to 10 drops of tincture twice a day. The course of treatment lasts from 2 to 4 months.

Hawthorn

The hawthorn is expanding the vessels, helping to reduce systolic and diastolic pressure in the pulmonary artery. It can be used in several ways.

Method first - tea. For the preparation of a drink, a dessert spoon of dried flowers and hawthorn leaves pumped into a mug and pour the glass of boiling water. Hold the glass covered for 15 minutes, then strain the drink. He needs to drink 1 cup in the morning and in the evening.

The method is the second - healing wine. You will need 50 g of ripe hawthorn fruits and 500 ml of natural red sweet wine. Berries dispel in a mortar, heat the wine to the temperature of about 80 s. Pour warm wine into a glass jar or bottle, add a hawthorn, close the lid and insist 2 weeks, then strain. Drink every evening before bedtime 25 ml of this wine.

The method is the third - alcohol tincture. Connect the hawthorn flowers with alcohol in the ratio of 1 to 10 and insist in a glass container 10 days, then strain. Drink about half a teaspoon of this tincture in the morning and in the evening on an empty stomach.

mistletoe

The patient will be much easier if he starts to take a white mistletoe. In the evening, a teaspoon of grass fill with a glass of cold water, let the mixture insist on the night. In the morning, slightly warm it and drink it. So you need to do every day.

You can also prepare the wine from the mistletoe. You will need 50 g of plants and 500 ml of white dry wine. Connect these components and insist 1 week, then strain. Take 25 ml twice a day before meals.

Ryabina fruits

Beneficially affect the cardiovascular system of rowan fruits. Therefore, ordinary tea replace tea from this plant. Cutlery spoon fruit break in a circle, add a small amount of sugar and 200 ml of boiling water. Stir and drink. On the day it is recommended to take 3 portions of such tea.

Snowball collection

There is a good collection of plants, which is recommended by experienced signs. Couple in equal parts of the Grass Adonis, Valerian root, mint leaves, hormour grass and dill seeds. For the night in the thermos, brew a tablespoon is a mixture with a liter of boiling water and insist until the morning. It will be your portion for the whole day, drinking infusion is needed in breaks between meals. Course Course Continue 2 months, then you need to take a break at least 2 weeks.

Treatment of juices and smoothies

Juice is a natural attending physician who will help to cope with many problems, including with LH. We will give some of the most effective recipes.

Juice for the heart

With pulmonary hypertension, you need to maintain the work of the heart. To do this, cook such a mix:

2 glasses of red grapes;
1 grapefruit;
1 teaspoon of crushed linden flowers;
¼ teaspoon carnations crushed into powder.

Connect all these ingredients and mix in a blender. You need to drink smoothies immediately after cooking, it is recommended to take a glass on the day. After weeks, you will notice positive shifts.

Juice for pressure normalization

Connect the following components:

juice 1 grapefruit;
2 orange juice;
6 twigs of fresh parsley;
2 tablespoons of hawthorn flowers;
3 peeled and sliced \u200b\u200bkiwi.

All mix in a blender and drink immediately after cooking. Take this tool in the morning and in the evening so that arterial and pulmonary pressure is always normal.

Juice from shortness of breath

If a shortness of his breath, spend a monthly treatment course with such juice:

5-6 fresh dandelion leaves;
1 tablespoon of red clover flowers;
1 red apple;
1 glass of crushed Brussels cabbage;
1 Carrot large size;
0.5 cup sliced \u200b\u200bparsley.

From Apple, Carrot and Brussels Cabbage Sick Juice, Mix Juices, add parsley, red clover and finely chopped dandelion leaves. Take juice on an empty stomach of 1 cup twice a day.

Juice for improving overall well-being

You will need:

halm melon;
1 cup of fresh strawberries;
a slice of a ginger root 2.5 cm;
1 orange;
1 grapefruit;
¼ cup of natural yogurt (without additives);
half of the handstone of wheat sprouts.

From orange, melons, strawberries and grapefruit squeeze juice. Ginger soda on the grater. Juices Connect, add ginger, yogurt and wheat sprouts. Drink on health!

Pulmonary hypertension (LH) is a pathological condition, which is characterized by poor well-being and increased blood pressure. The disease is gradually progressing without timely intervention and leads to serious violations of the work and defeats of the right ventricle of the heart muscle.

Pathology is characterized by severe symptoms that can lead to death. It is important to detect the disease in time and proceed to the prevention of negative consequences.

What is pulmonary hypertension?

Pulmonary hypertension is a narrowing of the lung vessels, which leads to overloading the right ventricle of the heart and is manifested by increased arterial pressure. Most often, the disease is secondary syndrome due to other violations in the work of the cardiovascular system. But LH can also be idiopathic pathology.

ATTENTION! The main distinguishing feature of hypertension is the pulmonary blood pressure above 25 mm mercury pillar. Its constant deviation from the norm and the development of pathology leads to violation and termination of myocardial functionality, which in a short time it may lead to a fatal outcome.

The developing LH is able to influence the condition of the entire cardiovascular system, affecting its prokapillary (arterioles) and post-patellular (Venuly) departments responsible for the blood flow in the vessels of internal organs.

The most common primary and secondary types of pulmonary hypertension are found in young women aged 20 to 40 years. The reasons for their occurrence and further development of the disease differ in etiology.

Primary

Pulmonary idiopathic arterial hypertension (AERZ's disease) is a small-spread disease, in most cases - transmitted by inheritance. The characteristic manifestation of the primary LG is a change in the size of the right ventricle and the pathological damage to the pulmonary artery.

The disease quickly progresses, which is why people suffering from them are at risk of early fatal outcome. It is possible to prevent it in the timely detection of hypertension, which is distinguished by bright symptoms, as well as with its obligatory treatment.

Secondary

The secondary LG is not a separate view of the disease, but by the complication of existing diseases, as a result of which it occurs. Among them:

autoimmune diseases, in particular, HIV;
connective tissue diseases;
the presence of an HPS ();
diseases and pathology of the respiratory system;
lack of left ventricle.

The manifestation of external and internal signs of hypertension in its secondary form does not differ from idiopathic LG, with the exception of the concomitant symptoms of diseases provoked by the development of pathology.

REFERENCE! This type of disease occurs more often than its primary form is curable with the timely diagnosis and causes of the development of complications.

Classification of the disease by the nature of the flow

Pulmonary hypertension, depending on the complexity and nature of the course of the disease, has a classification in degrees according to the ICD:

1st degree characterized by the absence of severe symptoms, especially in people suffering. Pathology begins to gradually develop, blood pressure will be slightly elevated, while the muscle activity and the patient's well-being remain unchanged.
The 2nd degree in which blood pressure increases, the first external signs of pathology occur, manifested after physical activity in the form of shortness of breath, rapid fatigue, coordination disorders. Also possible is a decline of forces with a worsening of the patient's well-being.
The 3rd degree is distinguished effectively even at rest and with insignificant physical activity. The patient's blood pressure will be significantly elevated even with hypertension.
The 4th degree, which is the latter, is characterized by pronounced symptoms with painful sensations and constant weakness. Arterial pressure at this stage of the development of pathology will be significantly higher than the boundaries of the norm, the physical activity of the patient will become the most difficult as possible.

ATTENTION! The disease is important not to start up to an extreme stage, which in many cases ends with a fatal outcome. The patient is required to monitor blood pressure and well-being.

Causes of the disease

The study of the features of the cardiovascular disease, as well as the definition of the main reasons for the LG and the treatment measures depend on the treatment measures, was engaged in Alexander Bakulev, which is one of the founders of cardiovascular surgery, and Leo Bokeria - the famous Soviet cardiac surgeon.

The main reasons for the development of LH include chronic diseases and pathological changes of the heart muscle and respiratory system:

obstructive bronchitis;
bronchial asthma and tuberculosis in chronic form;
bronchiectase (formation of cavities and suppuration in the lungs);
fibrosis of the lung tissue caused by pathological changes in the body;
congenital heartfall, in particular, defects and partitions, villos of ventricles and valves;
diseases provoking disorders of the circulatory system and leading to stagnation of blood (, ibs,);
alveolar hypoxia, which is the most common cause of LG;
defects of the structure of lung tissues;
attacks of hypertension ,;
deviations of blood structure from the norm due to the increased concentration of erythrocytes;
HIV infection;
cirrhosis of the liver in the progressive stage;
acquired;
characterized by high pressure in the portal vein due to the lesions of the baked department;
hyperthyroidism, in which excessive release of thyroid hormones occurs;
neoplasms in the chest department, its deformation;
squeezing pulmonary vessels due to obesity;
intracranial hypertension arising due to brain pathologies with concomitant;
left-deceiving deficiency;
metabolism disorders and metabolic processes in the body.

Also provoke the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension can external influence factors, including:

continuous reception of drugs of narcotic content, antidepressants and anorexigen;
the effect of toxins and biological poisons for accommodation in places with a bad environment;
, especially in women suffering from hypertension;
accommodation and frequent stay in highland location.

Often the LG occurs due to several reasons in the form of diseases of cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Symptoms of development LG

In the 1st stage of development, pulmonary hypertension often does not manifest itself, with the exception of a minor increase in blood pressure.

The progression of the disease occurs gradually, its symptoms begins to manifest itself at the 2nd stage. The clinical picture of LH includes the manifestation of such signs:

Dyspnea, breathing difficulty in a state of rest, amplifying in physical activity.
The increase in heartbeat (tachycardia attacks) arising from respiratory failure and hypoxia.
Painful sensations of squeezing in the field of chest.
Safety states.
Increased fatigue and constant weakness.
Dizziness.
Sunshine attacks at night.
Empty of the limbs.
Skin sinusiness.
Pain in the liver area arising from its pathological increase in volumes.
Soreness and severity in the right hypochondrium.
Scientific disorders in the form of nausea, vomiting, bloating and meteorism.
Sharp and rapid weight loss.
Supplies of dry cough with the appearance of hoarseness.
Cash attacks with sputum and blood release.
Swelhes and winning veins on the neck.

IMPORTANT! The manifestation of symptoms occurs with an increase in blood pressure 2 times or more. In particular, the kids, the symptoms are manifested harder and at an accelerated pace, which is why it is important to follow the state of their health.

Diagnostic events

To determine pulmonary hypertension, you need to complete a full examination in a medical institution. The passage of diagnostics includes the following research methods:

The catheterization of the pulmonary artery necessary to clarify the blood pressure in it.
Delivery of blood tests (general and biochemical) to determine its composition and comparison with a special code, deviations from which they say the presence of a failure in the work of the body.
Angiopulmonography, during which it is possible to estimate the state of the lung vessels.
CT, according to the results of which it is possible to determine the size of the pulmonary artery and the presence of concomitant diseases and pathologies of the heart muscle and lungs.
The test for determining the endurance and tolerance of the physical activity that promotes the diagnosis and clarification of the LG development stage.

Also, for eliminating diseases with similar symptoms, differential diagnosis can be carried out using:

coagulogram to determine blood coagulation (thrombosis exception);
Ultrasound of the abdominal bodies (exclusion of gastrointestinal diseases);
functional liver tests (exclusion of cirrhosis and hepatitis);
hIV analysis.

Only a full-fledged examination allows you to establish an accurate disease and determine its stage to appoint further treatment.

Methods of treatment

The treatment of pulmonary hypertension is engaged in the therapist and cardiologist. Its methods depend on the stage of progression of pathology, the general state of the patient and its individual characteristics.

Regardless of the reason for the occurrence of the disease and the degree of its development, the treatment algorithm is as follows:

Definition and elimination of the root cause of the disease.
Reduced arterial pressure of the lungs.
Warning of thrombosis in the arteries.
Symptomatic patient treatment.

Comprehensive therapy based on these principles includes:

application of the course of drugs in the form of tablets and injections;
basic treatment of a patient suffering from LG;
the use of funds of traditional medicine;
surgical intervention in severe pathology stages.

REFERENCE! The treatment may include symptomatic therapy for eliminating the causes provoking the development of LH and other pathologies, as well as radiation therapy when detecting in the lung tumor department arising against the background of hypertension.

Medical therapy

The use of drugs is necessary to eliminate the cause of pathology and facilitating the state of the patient. The medications for compulsory reception include:

Calcium antagonists - to reduce the spasm of the vessels of a small circle of blood circulation, reduce the sticking of platelets and eliminate hypoxia ("nifedipine", "Verapamil").
Diuretics and diuretic products - to remove excess fluids from the body and reduce blood pressure ("Laziks", "Veroshpiron").
ACE inhibitors and - to reduce pressure, expand the vessels and reduce the load on the heart muscle ("quadropryl", "lysinopril").
Nitrates - to reduce the load on the heart ("Cardix", "Nitromint").
Antiagregants - to normalize the content and activity of erythrocytes and blood platelets ("clopidogrel", "Iloprost").
Anticoagulants - to prevent thrombosis ("Aspinat", "Detromb").
Endotline receptor antagonists - to expand vessels ("Bozenthantan", "Syataxenthan").
Vasodilators - to relax the smooth muscle layer of vessels ("Nifedipine", "Prazozin").
Bronchodulators - to restore and improve the ventilation of the lungs ("Fenoterol", "Berodal").
Antibiotics - to cure from bronchopal infections if available ("azithoks", "fromylide").
Prostaglandins - for enhanced extension of vessels and ("Vasaporrod", "Edex").

Also allowed the use of symptomatic preparations to facilitate the general condition of the patient. Their reception should be appointed by a doctor in the required quantity, depending on the severity of symptoms.

Basic treatment on an ongoing basis with LG

In addition to the adoption of medication, it is important to adhere to basic treatment in the presence of pulmonary hypertension. It is based on the following recommendations and requirements:

reducing the amount of fluid consumed up to 1.5 liters per day;
reduction of the amount of salt consumed;
conducting oxygen inhalation;
compliance with the dosing of physical activity;
elimination of heavy physical exertion, in particular, lifting to height;
monitoring mental and emotional state;
refusal of bad habits, strong caffener-containing, as well as tonic and.

IMPORTANT! Exceptionally basic treatment is not able to affect the deliverance from LG, but in a complex with drug and surgical (if necessary) therapy, it has a positive effect on the health state of the patient.

Surgical intervention

Heavy degrees of the development of lung hypertension require the operation. Surgical intervention, depending on the running pathology, can be held in one of the following forms:

Creating an artificial hole between the atrium of the heart muscle to reduce the pressure in the right ventricle.
Liquidation of the lungs.
Heart and / or lung transplantation in severe cases of pathology in the presence of irreversible changes and chronic diseases.

Operations in most cases are successful, but require prolonged rehabilitation of patients.

ethnoscience

Funds of traditional medicine contribute to the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, strengthen and strengthen the effect of compulsory drug therapy. Effective recipes include:

Broth rowan. Need 1 tbsp. l. Berries pour 100 ml of water, boil and give cool. Take the remedy for 0.5 glasses three times a day. The decoction contributes to the normalization of blood pressure and strengthen vessels.
Broth viburnum. You need 20 g of berries to pour 200 ml of hot water and boil, give the agent of the hour. Use the tool is recommended 50 ml 1 time per day. It reduces pressure and increases immunity. More effective recipes from Valina are collected in our article:
Garlic. It is necessary to eat 3 teeth 1 times daily to maintain pressure and purification of venous paths.
Decoration of Adonis. Follows 1 tsp. Dried grass pour 200 ml of boiling water, let it stand for 2 hours. You need to take a means of 2 tbsp. l. a day before meals, which will benefit on the restoration of blood pressure;
Decoration of birch kidney. Follows 1 tsp. The swollen crushed dry kidneys to pour 200 ml of water and respect halfway in the water bath. The decoction to strain and take 1 cup for 1 cup to normalize pressure.
Infusion Melissa. 1 tsp. Dry leaves pour 250 ml of boiling water and present in 30 minutes. The remedy should be squeezed and take 1 tbsp. l. three times per day. Infusion reduces blood pressure.

ATTENTION! Funds of traditional medicine are allowed to accept only after discussion with the doctor!

Possible consequences and complications of the disease

Pulmonary hypertension during its development may entail negative consequences and complications in the form of chronic diseases and pathologies. These include:

referee failure;
thrombosis of the arteries of the lungs, thromboembolism;
hypertensive crises;
pulmonary edema.

Such severe complications without timely therapeutic intervention can and further fatal outcome.

Prediction and prevention

The forecast of the disease of the LG during timely treatment is most often favorable. In the absence of timely diagnosis and therapy, the forecast is significantly worse. It also affects the cause of the development of pathology. So, in the absence of accompanying severe and chronic symptoms, the chance of recovery increases significantly, and in the presence of serious diseases of the cardiovascular system, on the contrary, the risk of death is increasing.

To avoid the development of pulmonary hypertension, adherence to simple preventive rules:

lead a healthy and active lifestyle;
refuse bad habits in the form of smoking and alcohol abuse;
do not postpone the treatment of infectious diseases;
observe the measure in physical activity;
avoid stressful situations, emotional bursts.

Conclusion

Pulmonary hypertension can lead to death. The pronounced symptoms of the disease require immediate appeal to the clinic for diagnostics and therapy. It is important to monitor the state of health, maintain a healthy lifestyle and regularly visit doctors to prevent the development of hypertension, its progression and the emergence of complications.