Epidermal staphylococcus: symptoms, treatment. Streptococcus epidermal treatment Antibiotics sensitive to staphylococcus epidermis

Staphylococcus epidermidis (Staphylococcus epidermidis) is a conditionally pathogenic bacterium that can invade the tissues of the human body and cause infection. However, this pathogen exerts its toxic effect exclusively in the surface layer of the skin, which is why it was called epidermal.

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Staphylococcus epidermidis - a photo of the smallest bacteria on the skin

Under normal conditions, epidermal staphylococcus aureus coexists with a person quite peacefully and harmlessly, without giving away itself and without provoking any diseases. It has a very low infectious potential, but there are other types of this bacterium.

Varieties of staphylococci

Currently, about 30 different types of these microorganisms are known, the vast majority of which are absolutely harmless and are not capable of causing the development of any serious ailment.

Among them, there are only three truly disease-causing microbes:

saprophytic staphylococcus;
epidermal staphylococcus;
staphylococcus aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus

The last species is considered the most dangerous. If you allow it to enter the body, then in the very near future you can get sick with one of the following diseases:

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the development of purulent inflammation in the internal organs (they can be localized anywhere);
staphylococcal meningitis;
purulent lesions of the skin and allergic rashes;
sepsis.

The organs that are most often affected by Staphylococcus aureus are the gastrointestinal tract, mucous membranes and the brain (the latter option is the most dangerous, since the activity of bacteria causes irreversible consequences).

Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous bacteria that needs to be eliminated immediately after diagnosis

Infection with Staphylococcus aureus rarely goes away without symptoms. One of the main factors in its development is general malaise caused by inflammatory processes. The most favorable habitat (the place where bacteria are easiest to pick up) is in properly untreated hospital rooms. This type of staphylococcus is treated with antibiotics, while it is necessary to strictly follow all the doctor's prescriptions, since the process of getting rid of bacteria is long enough and may not always end in success.

Saprophytic staphylococcus

Saprophytic staphylococcus is considered a safer and more peaceful staphylococcus, although it is extremely undesirable for the female urinary system, since it can infect it and, in a short period of time, cause the development of a disease such as cystitis.

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In the overwhelming majority of cases, he does not manifest himself at all, which, in fact, lies in some danger - this asymptomatic development is fraught with infection of other people upon contact with the carrier.

It is also quite difficult to treat it; to get rid of it, a specialist may prescribe:

drugs to maintain immunity;
antibiotics (with a mandatory preliminary analysis to reveal the sensitivity of bacteria to drug components);
anti-inflammatory drugs.

It is necessary to carry out a course of treatment until laboratory tests confirm the complete absence of any signs of infection.

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Important: after a month after therapy, they must be retaken in order to exclude a relapse.

Epidermal staphylococcus

This bacterium does not cause such terrible reactions in the body, and for people with strong immunity, it does not pose any threat at all. Even after entering the body and activating it, the bacterium will simply exist until it dies. Its destructive effect will begin only if the body's defenses are exhausted.

This type of bacteria is a serious threat only to people with weak immunity, patients who have undergone surgery and newborns.

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Symptoms of staphylococcal infection

Infection caused by exposure to epidermal staphylococcus, a fairly extensive symptomatology. To correctly determine the type of microbes, full diagnostics and various examinations are required, therefore, if you suspect an infection, you should immediately contact a specialist.

Common symptoms

Common symptoms of Staphylococcus epidermidis can be as follows:

general weakness of the body;
headache;
dizziness;
loss of orientation in space;
increased body temperature;
pustular lesions of the surface layer of the skin;
unpleasant odor from the mouth;
stool disorders - diarrhea, constipation, flatulence;
activation of chronic diseases.

Specific symptoms

These bacteria become a rather serious threat if they enter the patient's body during the operation. This happens especially often with internal prosthetics. Insufficiently sterile instruments or gloves of the surgeon doing the job help germs to enter everywhere - they infect artificial valves, blood vessels, and so on. This is fraught with the development of massive bacteremia, which leads to very severe intoxication of the body. In some cases, this can be fatal. If vascular implants become infected, false aneurysms appear, as a result of which there is a serious risk to the patient's life.

In women, in whose organisms staphylococcus has entered, the epidermis is affected first of all, then the urethra suffer. The superficial tissue in the hip region begins to inflame, after which these destructive processes gradually take over an increasing area. Also, there are unpleasant sensations on the skin of the abdomen, the temperature becomes higher (up to 40 degrees), the general condition becomes worse, and rashes that slightly resemble acne begin to appear on the skin. If you start this condition and do not respond to it properly on time, then you will not be able to do without emergency hospitalization. However, the doctor will be able to prescribe treatment only after confirming the diagnosis and determining how destructively the bacteria affect the body.

With all this, staphylococcal infection is characterized by damage to several organs at once and the release of toxic products as a result of its vital activity.

Important: a characteristic feature of the infection is green pus and mucus, which are clearly visible in the feces.

How to cure staphylococcus epidermidis

Treatment of staphylococcal infections is a rather difficult and lengthy process, since bacteria of this type are quite resistant to the effects of many antibiotics. Therefore, many doctors try to resort to them in the most severe and urgent cases, prescribing a more gentle course of drug therapy. In the case of epidermal staphylococcus, antibiotics are not needed at all, since it is not necessary to start the fight with the microbe itself, but with the toxins it produces.

The minimum program for treatment includes bacteriological tests, thanks to which it is possible to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to certain drugs, since if staphylococcus dies from a particular drug, then traces of its vital activity will be much easier to eliminate.

Based on the analysis results, the bacteriologist will be able to identify the type of staphylococcus and prescribe the appropriate treatment

It is a sad fact that the treatment of epidermal staphylococcus significantly undermines the body's defenses, it usually takes a long time to recover them. If you do not take measures to strengthen the immune system in time, then the chances of re-infection increase many times over.

Treatment with folk remedies

Although modern medicine has a wide range of drugs that can help with infection with epidermal staphylococcus, many doctors frankly say that folk remedies have no less effect, and sometimes even better. In this case, the body will not have that destructive effect that accompanies the intake of many drugs.

At the same time, the immunity will become stronger, because traditional medicine for the most part is natural natural components containing a huge amount of vitamins, minerals and other useful substances.

The beneficial properties of herbs and plants in treatment are as follows:

they destroy the structure of microbes, fungi or viruses, leaving no chance for bacteria not only to reproduce, but even to survive;
increase immunity and protect the body from many types of infectious pathogens;
reduce the temperature and promote the removal of toxins and other harmful substances from the body;
favorably affect the foci of inflammation, significantly reducing their size;
most of them do not have side effects and do not provoke the development of complications;
medicinal herbs are very affordable, inexpensive, and incredibly effective.

If you treat staphylococcus epidermidis with the help of traditional medicine, then the mandatory list of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory plants should include currants, eucalyptus, rose hips, plantains, strawberries, string, oregano, fireweed, barberry, licorice root. Making decoctions from them and gradually using them, you can significantly reduce the concentration of bacteria in the body and minimize their negative effects.

As additional means to stimulate immunity, you can use preparations based on milk thistle, cordyceps, lemongrass or ginseng.

Preventive measures

Staphylococcus epidermidis is constantly present in the human body, as long as its number does not exceed certain indicators, there is nothing to worry about. The symptoms of the disease appear as soon as there are too many bacteria. Therefore, the main preventive measures are aimed at reducing the number of microbes and preventing their penetration into the body:

maintain immunity;
wash your hands thoroughly before eating;
eat fresh fruits and vegetables (thoroughly washed);
observe personal hygiene;
lead a healthy lifestyle.

All information in the article is for reference only. For more detailed information, you need to contact a specialist.

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Staphylococcus aureus on the skin of adults: epidermal staphylococcus disease, infection, photos of rashes

Many infections can lead to dermatological diseases. Among them is Staphylococcus epidermidis. This bacterium, unlike other microorganisms, can cause problems not only with the skin and mucous membranes of a person, but also with the entire body.

Epidermal staphylococcus: localization

Staphylococci are spherical bacteria related to opportunistic organisms. Today, there are about twenty-seven strains of these microorganisms. They are common among humans and animals. A large number of these bacteria are found in the air that humans breathe.

Only three types of these bacteria pose an immediate danger to humans: aureus, saprophytic and epidermal staphylococci.

It is the last staphylococcus that can cause an infection that affects the skin. The rest of the strains, although they can be found in the human body, do not pose any danger to it.

FEATURES! Staphylococcus aureus is a conditionally pathogenic microorganism. That is, its presence in the body is not always a guarantee of the development of the disease.

The danger threatens only if bacteria begin to multiply and their number increases.

But, unlike other staphylococci, this species does not release toxins and enzymes that destroy human cells and disrupt their vital functions. But it is capable of causing local inflammatory processes, and if it enters the bloodstream - sepsis.

The name of this species contains a direct indication of the place of its distribution. Derma, translated from Latin, means leather. The epidermis is the outer skin of a person.

Accordingly, the main location of this type of bacteria is the skin. In addition, this pathogen can be found in the mucous membranes of the human body.

Even with the normal state of the body, bacteria can be present on all external integuments of a person. That is, it can be found anywhere on the body: on the back, legs, arms and even on the face.

In addition, bacteria are found on all mucous membranes. Staphylococcus epidermidis can be found in the nose, eyes, urinary tract (internal mucous membranes).

Upon contact with a carrier, the microorganism secretes a polysaccharide. Due to this, a mucous layer forms on the surface of the placement of the bacteria, which protects it from the reactions of human immunity.

Because of this, phagocytes cannot cope with it. But, since these bacteria do not always cause skin diseases, today this type of staphylococcus is classified as a normal human microflora.

Infection

Although staphylococcus epidermidis is considered a normal part of the microflora of the body, a person acquires it during life.

Most often, infection occurs during treatment in a medical facility. Especially after surgical interventions and other medical practices that involve the use of various instruments.

The source of infection can be:

joint prosthesis;
prosthetic valve;
shunt;
vascular graft;
endocardial probe electrode, etc.

Moreover, if these microorganisms are found in a patient, one more operation has to be performed to extract these funds from the body.

Antibiotic treatment is used only if, for some reason, it is not possible to perform a second surgery.

Infected catheters are usually not removed, but in some cases this can lead to a relapse. Once in the bloodstream of a person, microorganisms are spread throughout his body, infecting the mucous membranes, so Staphylococcus epidermidis can be found in the throat and other parts of the body.

In addition, infection is possible after small cuts in the areas of the skin affected by the bacteria. In some cases, microorganisms end up in the human body along with contaminated food.

But getting into the body is not yet a guarantee of the development of diseases. Staphylococcus epidermidis found in a smear is dangerous only under certain circumstances.

Activation of microorganisms is possible with:

decreased immunity of the skin;
a decrease in the level of general immunity of the body;
skin injuries;
autoimmune diseases;
the presence of malignant tumors in the body;
endocrine disorders;
the presence of chronic infections in the body;
increase / decrease in ambient temperature;
living in an area with poor ecology.

The age of a person is of great importance in the development of diseases.

Children are most susceptible to the action of this pathogen. This is due to the insufficient development of the immune defense of the skin in them.

Another reason for the activation of microorganisms is excessive sweating. This phenomenon leads to a change in the bactericidal properties of the skin, which creates a favorable environment for the reproduction of microorganisms.

On the face, signs of staphylococcus can appear in the case of using low-quality cosmetics. How the manifestations of staphylococcus look on the skin of adults can be seen in the photo.

Diagnostics of the staphylococcus

If a patient has symptoms of staphylococcus epidermidis, special examinations are carried out. This bacterium is especially dangerous for people who have become infected due to transplants or other means introduced into the body.

In some cases, skepticism can even be fatal. Therefore, it is important to identify the disease in time and start treatment.

Research types

The main diagnostic method is bacteriological culture. What kind of material will be taken for it depends on the specific place of localization of microorganisms. Often, urine is taken as a material.

In case of detection of epidermal staphylococcus in urine, it will be necessary to establish why it appeared there, and, if possible, determine the method of infection.

As a material, specialists can also use the patient's sputum and blood.

If the entry of staphylococcus into the body is provoked by damage to the skin, the contents of the wounds are taken for analysis.

If there is reason to suspect that the multiplication of microorganisms occurs in the intestine, feces are taken for analysis.

With the help of such a study, it is possible not only to establish how many bacteria are in the intestine (the norm is up to 104 units), but also what other microorganisms are in this organ.

ATTENTION! Stool analysis is especially relevant for children, among whom this bacterium is most often found.

According to statistics, in 90% of cases, staphylococcus epidermidis in newborns appears in the maternity hospital.

A change in the color of stool (turning green) is direct evidence of the presence of a multiplying epidermal staphylococcus in the feces of an infant.

Throat and nose swabs are taken from pregnant women. Since this type of bacteria can also be found in breast milk, it also serves as a material for analysis.

The detected epidermal staphylococcus aureus in breast milk means that both the nursing woman and the baby she is breastfeeding should undergo treatment.

Clinical picture

Staphylococcus epidermidis, found in a smear in men, women, children, often does not cause any symptoms. Until microorganisms begin to multiply and cause harm to a person, he will not notice their presence.

The only way to find out about the presence of epidermal staphylococcus in this case is to get tested.

But even with the activation of bacteria, it is not always possible to notice signs of their activity. The onset of inflammatory processes is often sluggish. Symptoms indicating intoxication of the body or its individual organs are also not always manifested.

FEATURES! In most cases, Staphylococcus epidermidis does not have pronounced clinical manifestations. But epidermal staphylococcus aureus can still cause certain symptoms, the manifestation of which suggests that the bacterium has become pathogenic.

Among them:

Staphylococcus epidermidis, found in a smear in women, can affect the urinary tract.

With inflammation of the surface tissues of the urethra, the following symptoms will appear:

pain sensations extending to the lower abdomen;
a noticeable increase in body temperature (in some cases up to forty degrees);
general deterioration of health;
rashes on the skin.

A characteristic sign of staphylococcus activity is the appearance of skin rashes. In this case, pimples are located deep under the dermis, causing pain, and the skin around them becomes inflamed.

In some cases, acne formed at one point, caused by epidermal staphylococcus, can merge, which is why large formations appear, as in the photo.

Preventive measures

Epidermal staphylococcus aureus has a reduced sensitivity to antibiotics, which makes it difficult to treat. The situation is also complicated by the fact that this type of bacteria lowers immunity, which is why patients often suffer from other diseases.

It is easier to prevent the development of a disease than to cure it later.

Prevention of staphylococcus is:

Such measures will help to avoid the development of serious diseases.

IMPORTANT! Since infection does not always depend on the actions of the patient himself, such measures should also be followed by persons capable of infecting others (especially medical personnel).

Summary

Thus, epidermal staphylococcus is one of the three types of staphylococcus dangerous to humans. It settles on human skin and mucous membranes. Under certain conditions, these microorganisms begin to multiply, causing harm to humans.

The first symptoms of the presence of bacteria in the body appear only after they begin to harm it. Rarely, but sometimes the activity of microorganisms is fatal.

Since staphylococcus aureus is resistant to antibiotics, it is easier to prevent the development of the problem than to fight it later.

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Staphylococcus (epidermal, saprophytic) in a smear, urine, blood: symptoms and treatment, norm, types

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common microorganism that affects the internal organs and mucous membranes of the body. Symptoms during infection are manifested in various ways and differ depending on the method of penetration of the infection - through the urethra or blood from the affected foci. Treatment of staphylococcus is associated with certain difficulties in choosing an effective antibacterial drug.

Staphylococcus classification

Staphylococci are opportunistic bacteria localized on the skin and mucous membranes of human internal organs. With the normal functioning of the immune system, they do not manifest themselves and do not have a negative effect. As soon as the protective properties of a person weaken, staphylococcal colonies begin to multiply actively, releasing exotoxins and endotoxins harmful to the body.

In total, there are about 30 species of this bacterium, but several of the most dangerous varieties are distinguished:

Golden (staphylococcus aureus) is the most pathogenic and most threatening species. He is able to provoke inflammatory and purulent processes in almost all systems and organs of a person.
Saprophytic (staphylococcus saprophyticus). This type of bacteria causes cystitis, urethritis and inflammatory processes in the kidneys and bladder.
Epidermal (staphylococcus epidermidis) is a bacterium that infects any mucous membrane. Its name comes from the word "epidermis" (surface layer of the skin). It provokes conjunctivitis, septic tissue lesions, purulent phenomena of wound surfaces and the genitourinary system.
Hemolytic (staphylococcus haemolyticus) is a pathogen that causes angina, inflammatory processes in the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and organs.

Causes and methods of infection

A pathogenic bacterium is capable of actively multiplying due to the following factors:

stress;
poor nutrition;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
long-term therapy with antibacterial drugs;
alcohol and smoking abuse;
chronic inflammatory and infectious processes in the body;
lack of vitamins and minerals;
helminthic invasions;
pregnancy;
immunodeficiency.

A person can become infected with staphylococcal bacteria during an illness, when his immune system is most weakened and cannot resist the external environment. For example, pregnant women become infected due to the fact that their body has a low protective barrier during gestation. If left untreated after childbirth, bacteria can appear in the milk and infect the baby.

Often staphylococcus aureus enters the body through abrasions and wounds. In a similar way, the pathogenic bacterium infects the internal vital organs - the liver, heart, kidneys and genitourinary system.

Staphylococcus aureus usually comes in with poor-quality and fatty food, which is a favorable habitat and reproduction for this type of bacteria. Also, pathogenic microorganisms can exist in the intestine and become more active after a decrease in immunity.

Symptoms

Symptoms in men and women depend on where the pathogenic bacteria enters the body. Signs of infection can resemble various other diseases, and people often confuse them with manifestations of a common sore throat or runny nose. A person infected with staphylococci may have the following symptoms:

skin lesions on the face, nose, ear and other parts of the body: acne, dermatitis, folliculitis, boil, eczema, blepharitis;
severe cough;
tickling and pain in the throat;
cutting pain when urinating in the lower abdomen and lower back;
runny nose.

In children, practically no manifestations of staphylococcal infections are observed. The epidermal and saprophytic type of bacteria does not pose a threat to the child's body, because the immune system is able to control the multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms, protecting against diseases.

The most formidable is Staphylococcus aureus, which manifests itself with more serious symptoms. Symptoms depend on the age of the child and the state of his immunity. Newborns can develop serious life-threatening complications. At the age of 1 to 3 years, the infection also has serious consequences, since the child's immunity is finally formed only after three years. After reaching this age, staphylococcal disease does not pose a serious threat, and the prognosis in most cases is favorable.

Diagnostics and norms

In order to identify a pathogenic microorganism in the body, various studies need to be carried out:

blood test;
sowing urine to detect an increased rate of bacteria, proteins and leukocytes;
analysis of other biomaterials: feces, vaginal smear, cerebrospinal fluid, etc.

During inoculation, nutrient media are selected for the biomaterial in order to identify the type of bacteria and determine their sensitivity to certain drugs. When staphylococcus is detected, a group of antibiotics is released, to which pathogenic microorganisms are unstable. For example, Staphylococcus aureus cannot be cured with the penicillin group of antibacterial agents.

Often, when sowing urine in young and adult women, cystitis triggered by staphylococci is diagnosed. In view of the fact that the study of the submitted tests requires from 7 to 10 days, treatment is started immediately with broad-spectrum antibiotics, and after receiving the result, the therapy is adjusted.

For example, when pregnant women donate urine for bacteriological culture, the interpretation of the results may be as follows:

the norm is less than 1000 colony forming units per milliliter;
repeated studies are required when the concentration is up to 10 to the 5th degree of CFU / ml;
there is an infectious and inflammatory process - more than 100,000 CFU / ml.

Treatment

If staphylococcus is found in the urine, treatment is immediately prescribed, since any delay can lead to the advancement of the infection process up the body, affecting the internal organs, skin, bones and blood. For this, a certain type of antibacterial drug is used, which is chosen after a thorough examination of the pathogenic bacteria.

With the usual drug treatment, the doctor prescribes the following drugs:

Amoxicillin - to destroy pathogenic bacteria, suppress their growth and reproduction;
Cloxacillin - to prevent the process of division of microorganisms;
Vancomycin - to eliminate infection by destroying the membrane walls;
Cephalexin - to reduce the synthesis of cells of a pathogenic microorganism;
Oxacillin - to destroy staphylococcal bacteria in the late stages of division;
Cefotaxime - to inhibit growth and reproduction rate.

The patient is prescribed immunomodulating agents that stimulate the protective function of the body to a certain type of staphylococcus, and medications to normalize the microflora. Often women are prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs and are advised to pay great attention to vaginal sanitation with antiseptic drugs.

Often, sulfonamides are used together with antibacterial drugs. In some cases, bacteriophages are prescribed - viruses that multiply inside pathogenic bacteria, destroying them. This group of drugs does not have a negative effect on the body, since after fulfilling their goal, they die on their own.

All doctor's prescriptions must be strictly followed. To cure a pathogenic bacterium, a full course of treatment is required to prevent the microorganisms from developing resistance to the drugs used. All therapeutic measures are recommended to be carried out under the close supervision of a specialist. After a course of therapy, the patient should re-donate urine for bacteriological culture to make sure that pathogenic colonies are destroyed.

Prevention

Staphylococcal disease is fraught with complications and long-term expensive treatment, therefore it is recommended to carry out preventive measures on an ongoing basis. It is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle, observe the rules of personal intimate hygiene, eat right and get rid of bad habits.

To minimize the risk of infection with pathogenic bacteria, it is recommended to follow certain rules:

cover with iodine or brilliant green the slightest damage to the skin;
avoid temperature extremes that cause overheating and hypothermia;
adhere to strict rules of intimate hygiene in order to avoid accidental ingestion of staphylococcal bacteria from the intestines into the cervical canal;
periodically take tests in order to timely identify staphylococcus in the body;
maintain immunity at the proper level, taking immunomodulating drugs if necessary;
do not use antibacterial agents without a doctor's prescription;
not to have unprotected sex and to avoid casual sex;
if gynecological inflammation is detected, timely treatment;
do not use synthetic underwear.

The greatest danger hangs over women during the period of gestation, which must necessarily follow all the preventive measures presented. By following simple recommendations, you can maintain a healthy microflora in the body, thanks to which beneficial bacteria suppress the increase in pathogenic bacteria in a timely manner.

A small number of staphylococci do not pose a serious threat to health, therefore, even if they are detected, treatment is not required. If the concentration is too high, then the patient needs immediate antibacterial therapy. It is highly discouraged to self-medicate, since a certain type of pathogenic bacteria is capable of being resistant to certain drugs.

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Epidermal staphylococcus

Staphylococcus aureus is an immobile bacteria that grows on mucous membranes and human skin. There are 3 dangerous types of this infection, which include Staphylococcus epidermidis. This type of microorganism can cause many serious diseases. This microbe takes root on any mucous membrane (throat, nose, external auditory canal, oral cavity) or smooth skin area. Hence the name: epidermis - the surface layer of the skin.

Causes of development and ways of infection

Compared to Staphylococcus aureus, the epidermal species is part of the normal microflora of human skin, so it is safe for a healthy person. It develops in emaciated, weak people, pregnant women, patients in the postoperative period or while in intensive care. Also, this microbe is often found with dysbiosis. Staphylococcus aureus enters the body through wounds, drains, urinary and vascular catheters. This can lead to blood poisoning or endocarditis, an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

The skin localization of this microbe provides for different options for the transmission of epidermal staphylococcus through the presence of microorganisms in the air of dust that has come into contact with clothing or other objects of the infection carrier.

Staphylococcus epidermidis symptoms

This kind of microbes presents a lot of difficulties to surgeons who perform internal prosthetics, since vessels and artificial valves are infected. During implantation, the infection process takes a long time and in most cases is asymptomatic. Patients with neutropenia suffer from the development of massive bacteremia, severe intoxication begins. Sometimes it even leads to death. Infected vascular implants cause false aneurysms - this is what threatens the patient's life.

In women who are infected with epidermal staphylococcus, a lesion of the urethra is diagnosed. In this case, the surface tissues become inflamed. First, there are unpleasant sensations in the abdomen. Then the body temperature rises to 40 degrees, the state of health worsens, rashes appear on the skin in the form of acne. If the condition worsens, hospitalization is indispensable. But only after confirming the diagnosis and determining the degree of exposure to epidermal staphylococcus, the doctor will be able to prescribe the optimal course of treatment, which consists of auxiliary drugs (vitamins, enzymes, etc.).

When infected with this microbe, signs of damage to one or more internal organs appear. Symptoms of intoxication are also characteristic. If a staphylococcal infection has struck the intestines, then impurities of green mucus and pus are often found in the feces.

Prevention and treatment

To protect the body from infection with epidermal staphylococcus, you must follow the rules of personal hygiene. It is better to protect yourself from this microbe in advance, because treating the consequences of its development is not an easy task. After all, it is this type of staphylococcus that is capable of developing resistance to antibacterial drugs and antibiotics. This fact has been proven by the use of penicillin. Thus, taking antibiotics cannot be a prerequisite for treating Staphylococcus epidermidis. This is proved by the example of food poisoning, when it is not the microbe itself that is important, but toxins.

Thanks to the latest advances in medicine, today it is possible to easily detect Staphylococcus epidermidis in the body and determine the sensitivity of the microbe to drugs. Based on the results of such a study, the doctor prescribes the appropriate therapy.

The main danger of Staphylococcus epidermidis is that this microbe greatly weakens the immune system for a long time. And the weakened body is subsequently exposed to any disease.

ethnoscience

At a time when there was not such an abundance of drugs as today, Staphylococcus epidermidis was treated with clay, resins, mummies, leeches, honey and herbs. The possibilities of herbal medicine in the treatment of such diseases are very large, and many people are convinced of this. After all, special plants and herbs are not only a destructive force for all sorts of viruses, fungi and microbes, but also increase the body's immunity, lower body temperature, reduce inflammation, relieve swelling, and remove harmful substances. In addition, phytopreparations do not cause side effects, do not give complications and do not provoke the occurrence of other diseases. Low price, availability and effectiveness are the main advantages of traditional medicine in the treatment of epidermal staphylococcus.

If you want to fight Staphylococcus epidermidis, your natural medicine cabinet should have such antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory herbs: plantain, eucalyptus, string, fireweed, barberry, licorice, strawberry, currant, rose hips, oregano. And flowers of elderberry, meadowsweet, linden, sunflower, as well as licorice root activate the body's production of its own anti-inflammatory hormones.

When treating Staphylococcus epidermidis, pay serious attention to nutrition. Your daily diet should include foods such as blueberries, apricots, raspberries, barberries, apples, cherries, garlic, onions, peppers, and salad peppers. All this is detrimental to the pathogen. Add to food and spices: coriander, cinnamon, ginger. Refrain from the use of products that contain antioxidants, emulsifiers, dyes, preservatives, modified elements. Such food destroys beneficial bacteria and thereby reduces the protective functions of the body. As immunomodulators, doctors can advise you preparations based on ginseng, cordyceps, milk thistle, lemongrass.

Only an integrated approach to treatment, which should consist not only of medical supplies, but also of herbal remedies, will help to cope with epidermal staphylococcus.

Staphylococcus epidermidis - a photo of the smallest bacteria on the skin

Varieties of staphylococci

Currently, about 30 different types of these microorganisms are known, the vast majority of which are absolutely harmless and not capable of causing the development of any serious ailment.

Among them, there are only three truly disease-causing microbes:

saprophytic staphylococcus;
epidermal staphylococcus;

The last species is considered the most dangerous. If you allow it to enter the body, then in the very near future you can get sick with one of the following diseases:

the development of purulent inflammation in the internal organs (they can be localized anywhere);
staphylococcal meningitis;
purulent lesions of the skin and allergic rashes;
sepsis.

Staphylococcus aureus is a dangerous bacteria that needs to be eliminated immediately after diagnosis

Saprophytic staphylococcus

It is also quite difficult to treat it; to get rid of it, a specialist may prescribe:

drugs to maintain immunity;
antibiotics (with a mandatory preliminary analysis to reveal the sensitivity of bacteria to drug components);
anti-inflammatory drugs.

It is necessary to carry out a course of treatment until laboratory tests confirm the complete absence of any signs of infection.

Important: after a month after therapy, they must be retaken in order to exclude a relapse.

Epidermal staphylococcus

This type of bacteria is a serious threat only to people with weak immunity, patients who have undergone surgery and newborns.

Symptoms of staphylococcal infection

Common symptoms

Common symptoms of Staphylococcus epidermidis can be as follows:

general weakness of the body;
headache;
dizziness;
loss of orientation in space;
increased body temperature;
pustular lesions of the surface layer of the skin;
unpleasant odor from the mouth;
stool disorders - diarrhea, constipation, flatulence;
activation of chronic diseases.

Specific symptoms

These bacteria become a rather serious threat if they enter the patient's body during the operation. This happens especially often with internal prosthetics. Insufficiently sterile instruments or the gloves of the surgeon doing the job help germs to enter everywhere - they infect artificial valves, blood vessels, and so on. This is fraught with the development of massive bacteremia, which leads to very severe intoxication of the body. In some cases, this can be fatal. If vascular implants become infected, false aneurysms appear, as a result of which there is a serious risk to the patient's life.

With all this, staphylococcal infection is characterized by damage to several organs at once and the release of toxic products as a result of its vital activity.

Important: a characteristic feature of the infection is green pus and mucus, which are clearly visible in the feces.

How to cure staphylococcus epidermidis

Based on the analysis results, the bacteriologist will be able to identify the type of staphylococcus and prescribe the appropriate treatment

Treatment with folk remedies

The beneficial properties of herbs and plants in treatment are as follows:

they destroy the structure of microbes, fungi or viruses, leaving no chance for bacteria not only to reproduce, but even to survive;
increase immunity and protect the body from many types of infectious pathogens;
reduce the temperature and promote the removal of toxins and other harmful substances from the body;
favorably affect the foci of inflammation, significantly reducing their size;
most of them do not have side effects and do not provoke the development of complications;
medicinal herbs are very affordable, inexpensive, and incredibly effective.

As additional means to stimulate immunity, you can use preparations based on milk thistle, cordyceps, lemongrass or ginseng.

Preventive measures

Epidermal staphylococcus aureus is constantly present in the human body, as long as its number does not exceed certain indicators, there is nothing to worry about. The symptoms of the disease appear as soon as there are too many bacteria. Therefore, the main preventive measures are aimed at reducing the number of microbes and preventing their penetration into the body.

The infection is dangerous because these bacteria produce toxins and enzymes that disrupt the normal healthy life of cells. Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent: pneumonia, toxic shock, disorders of the central nervous system. Microbes quickly adapt and multiply on the mucous membranes (in the external auditory canal, in the throat, in the nose) or on smooth areas of the skin, causing its purulent lesions. Hence the name - epidermal staphylococcus.

This type of staphylococcus is not such a dangerous causative agent of diseases as Staphylococcus aureus, since it is part of the microflora of a healthy person. It is dangerous only for people with weakened immunity. The risk group includes pregnant women, patients of the postoperative period, intensive care patients, people suffering from dysbiosis.

It is worth saying about Staphylococcus aureus:

it infects the body, getting inside through wounds, cuts on the skin;
through medical equipment: various catheters, drains.

Damage to Staphylococcus aureus can result in sepsis, blood poisoning or endocarditis - inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

Consider the possible prerequisites for the spread of epidermal staphylococcus. As mentioned earlier, staphylococcus epidermidis is localized on the skin, hence its name - dermis -dermis, translated from Latin - skin. The disease spreads through the air and dust that has come into contact with the carrier of the infection, so maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in rooms where sick or weakened people are located is of paramount concern.

How is Staphylococcus epidermidis manifested?

It should be especially noted the insidiousness of the microbe in surgical departments that require special cleanliness and sterility. Poor processing of instruments used for internal prosthetics can cause infection. Infected implants can cause false aneurysms, which is a serious complication and pose a threat to the patient's life. During implantation, infection is possible, but in most cases it is asymptomatic.

Staphylococcal intoxication is very severe in patients with neutropenia, which can sometimes be fatal.

Women affected by Staphylococcus epidermidis suffer from inflammation of the superficial tissues. In the future, the temperature rises to forty degrees, rashes appear on the skin in the form of acne.

If the condition worsens, hospitalization is required, often a lesion of the urethra is diagnosed. After the diagnosis is made, the necessary course of treatment is prescribed, consisting not only of antibiotics, but also of vitamins, enzymes and similar drugs necessary for the rehabilitation of the body.

Treatment, prevention

The first requirement for the prevention of infection with epidermal staphylococcus is the observance of the rules of personal hygiene. Treatment of staphylococcus aureus and its consequences is not an easy task, because the microbe is quite resistant to the effects of antibiotics, for example, penicillin, so prevention of the disease is the main safety criterion.

A person who has suffered a disease of epidermal staphylococcus, due to a weakened immune system, for some time is susceptible to diseases, this is the main insidiousness of this disease.

Antibiotic therapy is not a necessary and sufficient condition for cure, it is observed in patients with food poisoning, when it is necessary to fight not so much the microbe itself as with toxins. Thanks to the expansion of the possibilities and the basis for carrying out bacterial, as well as the accumulated experience, epidermal staphylococcus is quite easy to diagnose, its sensitivity to medications is easily determined. After conducting research, the doctor prescribes the appropriate treatment.

Do not neglect the advice of traditional medicine, because such an abundance and variety of available medicines was not always available, nevertheless, Staphylococcus epidermidis was treated. Traditional medicine used resins and clay, mummy, leech, herbs. The experience of herbal medicine in the treatment of such diseases is enormous.

The beneficial substances contained in plants and herbs are successfully used in medicines. There are frequent cases of weakening of the body after drug therapy, in which the treatment of one organ weakens the other; here phytotherapy becomes an urgent and necessary alternative treatment.

For successful rehabilitation of health after suffering from epidermal staphylococcus and its consequences, the folk medicine cabinet offers herbs with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Many of these plants grow in our gardens, in the beds: currants, licorice root, strawberries, barberry, elderberry flowers, meadowsweet, linden, sunflower. In our forests, useful herbs grow - oregano, string, yarrow.

It is worth adding eucalyptus, plantain leaf, fireweed to your arsenal of a national pharmacy, all these plants help to activate the body's defenses, and restore immunity as soon as possible. Doctors advise using ginseng, lemongrass, milk thistle as immunomodulators.

Diet

For the speedy cure of epidermal staphylococcus, you need to pay attention to your diet. Include in the menu foods containing a large amount of vitamins, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, restorative substances. These are garlic, onions, peppers, blueberries, apricots, and raspberries.

Spices also have a detrimental effect on, add cinnamon, coriander, ginger to food. You should carefully monitor the products that appear on your table. Your diet should not contain emulsifiers, dyes, preservatives.

Treatment of infections associated with hospital pathogens

Coagulase-negative staphylococcus aureus occurs if the implanted catheter is seeded during implantation, because coagulase-negative staphylococcus aureus is one of the components of normal skin flora, but getting inside the microbe turns out to be the main pathogen of infection. To cure it, it is enough to remove the device.

With prostheses of joints, vascular grafts, arteriovenous shunts, prosthetic valves infected with microbes, in most cases this is what they do, that is, they must be removed. But there are exceptions when surgery is a threat to the patient's life. Here it is necessary to apply antibiotic therapy, in other cases, removal of the implanted medical equipment is justified.

In the case of infection of the peritoneal dialysis catheter, antibiotic therapy is often successful.

However, if bacteria persist during antibiotic therapy, this is an indication for catheter removal. The same can be said for catheters placed in the central veins. If the background of bacteremia persists after removal of the equipment, it is necessary to look for an infection site.

There are no general recommendations for the treatment of infections caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Basically, the same treatment is used as for infections caused by other causes and pathogens. The timing of therapy varies from four to six weeks.

After removal of the infected catheter, transient bacteremia in a patient with normal immunity resolves without additional treatment. To increase the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy, the drug is often injected into the site of infection.

This is done for infections of the central nervous system by injecting gentamicin and vancomycin into the ventricles of the brain. In case of peritonitis resulting from peritoneal dialysis, the drug is injected into the abdominal cavity.

Treatment of coagulase-negative staphylococcus is complicated by the fact that it has a reduced virulence factor, which helps it to settle on foreign bodies and remain on them for a long time, most of the antibiotics used internally are powerless against it.

Hospital strains are resistant to semi-synthetic penicillins, cephalosporins and other groups of antibiotics. For severe infections, vancomycin is used. For successful therapy, it is necessary to know the sensitivity of the isolated strain to nafcillin, oxacillin or benzylpenicillin, and only then use one of these drugs, or some first generation cephalosporin. Combinations of synergistic antibiotics give a good result. Ribaflamin penetrates well into tissues, reaching maximum concentration.

Coagulase-negative infections are sensitive to it, but it is used in combination with other drugs, since with monotherapy the pathogen becomes resistant to it. If the infected device cannot be removed for medical reasons, a combination of drugs from rifampicin, in a dose of 300 mg orally twice a day, a β-lactam antibiotic, and an aminoglycoside (usually gentamicin), is prescribed.

The chances of success increase with this. When bacteria are resistant to β-lactam antibiotics or are allergic to them, vancomycin is introduced into the scheme instead of β-lactam antibiotics.

This is what Staphylococcus epidermidis looks like:

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Staphylococcus epidermidis (Staphylococcus epidermidis) is a gram-positive coccus, belongs to the genus Staphylococcus. It is part of the skin flora, and therefore of the human being as a whole. It is found on the mucous membranes of humans and animals. Due to laboratory contamination, it is most often found in laboratory conditions.
S. Epidermidis was discovered in 1884 by Friedrich Julius Rosenbach and was first named S. albus (Latin white, matte), because the colonies on the nutrient medium were white and yellow.

S. Epidermidis have a regular spherical shape and a size of 0.5-1.5 microns. They are mainly located in two and four bacteria. It is an optional anaerobic that can grow under aerobic conditions.

Fig. one

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Pathogenicity
Although S. epidermidis is a non-pathogenic pathogen, it can cause infections in some people with compromised immune systems. S. Epidermidis can cause both nosocomial and community-acquired infections.
S. epidermidis is often found in catheters (intravenous, etc.) and other surgical implants. it is known that this bacterium is able to form biofilm that grows in implants.

Diseases caused by S. epidermidis
Infections of the circulatory system in persons with a long-term venous catheter or in persons with reduced immunity.
Endocarditis and heart valve infections (both natural and artificial) are more likely to occur in individuals with valve defects.
Inflammation of the genitourinary system, especially in people with a urethral catheter
Infections when using a catheter for peritoneal dialysis.
Artificial joint infections (prostheses).
Vascular graft infections.
Infections in newborns.
Very rarely can cause sepsis in hospitalized patients.

Identification.
S. Epidermidis grows well on Baird-Parker yolk agar. The optimum growth temperature is 30-37 ° C. The grown colonies are small and black. A coagulotest is used to confirm S. epidermidis. Quantitative PCR and real-time PCR can be used to identify Staphylococcus strains. The sensitivity of S. Epidermidis to desferrioxamine can be used to distinguish S. Epidermidis from other staphylococci, with the exception of Staphylococcus hominis, which is normally also sensitive, but unlike S. Epidermidis, it produces acid trichelose (trehalose)

Drug Sensitivity and Treatment of S. Epidermidis
The high virulence of S. epidermidis is related to their ability to form a biofilm on the surface of the plastic. The S. epidermidis capsule is known as an adhesive intercellular polysaccharide. Other microorganisms can bind to the formed biofilm, thus forming a multilayer biofilm. This biofilm reduces the metabolic activity of microorganisms inside it and makes them inaccessible to antibiotics. S. Epidermidis is often resistant to penicillins, amoxicillin, and methicillin. Usually resistant to

Staphylococcus aureus is considered a fairly common bacterium that provokes the development of various diseases. There are many varieties of these bacteria. Among them, you can distinguish epidermal staphylococcus. This microorganism poses a great danger to human health and life.

What is staphylococcus?

Staphylococcal bacteria are a type of bacteria that infects the epidermis, mucous membranes and causes inflammation with suppuration.

As you can see in the photo, these microorganisms are similar in shape to a sphere and are motionless. They are able to live in the air and also develop in conditions without oxygen.

The most common types of staphylococcal that cause the development of serious pathologies are:

Staphylococcus aureus.
Epidermal staphylococcus.
Saprophytic.
Hemolytic.

Each of the species is localized in certain tissues and cells of the human body.

The most dangerous for human health are considered aureus, epidermal and hemolytic staphylococcus. Usually, staphylococcus epidermis is found in a smear.

Brief information about Staphylococcus epidermidis?

Staphylococcus epidermis is found in the body of every person. With the proper functioning of internal organs and systems, it does not have a negative impact. However, under the influence of unfavorable factors, various pathologies develop.

Distinctive features of Staphylococcus epidermidis:

This disease usually develops over a very long period. Quite often, manifestations of the disease are observed when the human body is already under the strong influence of pathogenic bacteria.
Staphylococcus epidermidis symptoms are often similar to those of various other diseases. For this reason, this ailment is difficult to diagnose.
The bacteria staphylococcus epidermidis can quickly adapt to external changes. For this reason, staphylococcus epidermidis is considered a persistent ailment and several antibacterial medications are used for therapy.

This microorganism is part of the microflora of the skin. As a result of a decrease in immunity, these bacteria negatively affect the body and provoke the formation of various pathological processes.

The infection can be localized on the skin, face, mouth, nose. In addition, the bacteria can infect the eyes.

The main causes of the disease

Epidermal staphylococcus aureus is diagnosed both in adulthood among men and women, and in children.

The main causes of the occurrence of epidermal staphylococcus:

Stressful situations, a difficult lifestyle, lack of sleep, unbalanced diet, the presence of chronic diseases.
Hypothermia.
Diabetes mellitus and pathologies of the functioning of the hormonal system.
Bad habits: smoking, excessive consumption of alcohol or caffeine.
Inflammatory processes in the auricle.
Untreated conjunctivitis or blepharitis.
Excessive intronasal use of vasoconstrictors.

According to statistics, staphylococcus epidermidis is more often diagnosed in newborns, in childhood and among the elderly.

How does the infection spread?

Staphylococcus aureus is a fairly common infection and it can enter the human body in various ways. Most often, infection occurs through damage to the skin. In addition, the microorganism can be transmitted through food.

The main routes of infection:

By contact method through household items. Most often, infection occurs after using various things of an infected person (combs, towels, clothes). In addition, you can get infected in public places, through a handshake, a kiss.
Airborne by way. Infection occurs after talking or coughing with an infected person.
Air-dust way. A person becomes infected after inhaling dust containing bacteria.
You can get infected and through products... For example, you cannot eat meat, as well as raw fish. In addition, it is necessary to eat only washed vegetables and fruits, as well as foods that have undergone complete heat treatment. It is important to observe hygiene rules.

In addition, infection can occur through medical equipment.

Signs and symptoms of illness

Epidermal staphylococcus aureus for a long time can proceed without manifestations.

However, at later stages of development, the following symptoms may be observed in a person:

inflammation with purulent discharge. In the areas of infection, carbuncles or boils can form and the temperature of the skin can greatly increase;
runny nose, as a result of inflammation of the nasal mucosa;
sore throat. In addition, there is a reddening of the throat walls and an increase in their size. Staphylococcus aureus epidermis can enter the throat during breathing, after eating infected foods;
lung disease. Once in the lungs, the infection contributes to the formation of inflammatory processes in the bronchi and other respiratory organs. The person is tormented by a strong cough. If the bacterium has entered the bronchi, then in the sputum separated by coughing, purulent impurities are contained in large quantities;
frequent colds or exacerbations of chronic pathologies;
acute food poisoning. In this case, the patient has nausea with vomiting, weakness, as well as indigestion. Most often, signs of intoxication occur within half an hour after infection.

Epidermal staphylococcus aureus is difficult to diagnose because its manifestations are similar to many diseases.

Diagnosis of the disease

To make an accurate diagnosis, the doctor prescribes the donation of blood, urine, feces for clinical research, as well as bacterial culture from the following materials:

scrapings from the skin;
phlegm;
smears from mucous membranes;
pus and discharge from the wound.

Before submitting biological material for research, it is forbidden to smoke, drink alcohol, eat fried or fatty foods. You do not need to wash, and also use external antibacterial agents on the skin, as the latter can affect the study results.

The rate of staphylococcus in a smear culture is up to 10 3. In the case when this indicator is exceeded, the doctor prescribes treatment to fight the infection.

How to treat staphylococcus epidermis?

Usually, the treatment of Staphylococcus epidermidis is based on antibiotic therapy using broad-spectrum medications. These funds effectively fight bacteria.

For the treatment of furunculosis used:

Antibiotics, such as Abaktal.
External means for extracting pus: Vishnevstky ointment.
Wound healing drugs: Argosulfan or Sulfargin.

The complete cleansing of the hole is evidenced by the release of a small amount of blood from the wound. This sign will mean that the pus is completely removed. In place of the boil, a scar remains, small in size with a noticeable depression.

Another method for treating furunculosis is surgery. The latter is used extremely rarely: in situations where the boil is located in hard-to-reach places.

For the treatment of tonsillitis, in acute or chronic form, the doctor prescribes a comprehensive intake of antibiotics and anti-influenza medicines. The doctor selects the treatment regimen individually.

After a complete cure, careful prevention is necessary, which includes:

normalization of the immune system;
adherence to the rules of personal hygiene.

Traditional medicine in the fight against bacteria

Traditional methods of treating the disease weaken the unpleasant manifestations of the disease and perfectly complement drug treatment. Therapy only with folk methods, without the use of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, wound-healing ointments, is ineffective.

For therapy, medicinal plants are used, characterized by anti-staphylococcal effects:

oak, birch;
licorice;
yarrow;
elecampane;
calendula;
a series;
badan;
wild rosemary, etc.

Healing decoctions or infusions are prepared from plants. For cooking, you can choose one of the plants, or you can take a collection from several crops. The duration of treatment primarily depends on the severity of the disease. On average, therapy will take a month.

Decoction for relieving inflammation and healing wounds

For cooking, you need dried comfrey and burdock leaves. They are boiled in 200 ml of water for 15 minutes and left to infuse. In the cooled broth, a gauze bandage is impregnated and applied to the wound. This procedure is carried out twice a day. Duration of therapy - until complete recovery.

In addition, plantain is used to heal wounds on the skin.

Broth to cure suppuration

Boil dried golden thorns in water until golden brown. Allow the broth to cool and strain through cheesecloth. For 10 days, drink a healing broth instead of liquid.

In addition, the resulting broth can be used to treat wounds.

Healing compresses

For cooking, you need 9% apple cider vinegar. Pour 2 tbsp. tablespoons of vinegar in 200 ml of hot water. Stir the mixture thoroughly. Apply gauze soaked in the product to the wound.

Wound healing baths

Add 100 g of vinegar to a hot bath and steam well in such a bath. For efficiency, this procedure is recommended to be carried out twice a day.

Possible consequences and complications of the disease

Very often people ignore the problem, not giving special attention to the manifestations of the disease.

As a result, the following complications may arise:

Meningitis. This pathology proceeds with purulent inflammation of the membranes of the brain and negatively affects the functioning of the body as a whole. The main manifestations of meningitis resulting from infection with staphylococcus: headache, convulsions of a regular nature, incessant nausea with vomiting. Even with the right treatment, meningitis can be fatal.
Endocarditis. With this disease, the heart valves are damaged, and the work of the entire cardiovascular system is disrupted. The pathology proceeds with severe painful sensations in the heart zone, weakness and general malaise, a noticeable decline in working capacity.
Sepsis. Once in the blood, bacteria multiply and clog it. Toxic substances produced by microorganisms poison the body and can lead to blood poisoning.
Toxic shock... It is considered the most common complication. The disease occurs with increased temperature and decreased pressure. In this case, there is a risk of cardiac arrest.

Ignoring and not treating Staphylococcus epidermidis can cause serious complications or death for the patient.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a representative of bacteria that have a negative effect on the human body. To avoid dangerous consequences, it is necessary to remember the rules of hygiene and periodically carry out preventive procedures.