Biography
Russian writer, ethnographer, linguist, lexicographer, doctor. Vladimir Ivanovich Dal was born on November 22 (old style - November 10) 1801 in Lugansk, Ekaterinoslav province. Father - Johann Dahl - a Dane who accepted Russian citizenship, was a doctor, linguist and theologian; mother - Maria Khristoforovna Dahl (née Freytag) - half-German, half-French from a Huguenot family.
In 1814 he entered the St. Petersburg Naval Cadet Corps. After graduating from the course in 1819, Vladimir Dal served in the navy in Nikolaev for more than five years. Having received a promotion, he was transferred to the Baltic, where he served for a year and a half in Kronstadt. In 1826 he retired and entered the medical faculty of the University of Dorpat, graduating in 1829 and becoming an oculist surgeon. In 1831, Vladimir Dal took part in the campaign against the Poles, distinguishing himself while crossing the Riediger across the Vistula near Yuzefov. Dahl was the first to use electric current in mine explosives, mining a crossing and blowing it up after the retreat of the Russian division across the river. On the report to the commander about the decisive actions of the divisional doctor Dahl, the corps commander, General Riediger, imposed a resolution: “For the feat, present to the order. Reprimand for failure to fulfill and evasion of one’s direct duties.” Emperor Nicholas I awarded Vladimir Dal with an order - the Vladimir Cross in his buttonhole. At the end of the war, Dahl became a resident at the St. Petersburg Military Surgical Hospital, where he worked as an oculist surgeon.
Dal began collecting words and expressions of the Russian folk language in 1819. In 1832, “Russian Fairy Tales. The First Heel”, processed by Vladimir Dal, were published. According to Bulgarin's denunciation, the book was banned and the author was sent to the III department. Thanks to the intercession of Zhukovsky, Vladimir Dal was released on the same day, but was unable to publish under his own name: in the 30s and 40s he published under the pseudonym Cossack Lugansky. Dahl served in Orenburg for seven years, serving as an official on special assignments under the military governor of the Orenburg region V. Perovsky, a famous art connoisseur who knew A.S. closely. Pushkin and respected Dahl’s literary pursuits. In 1836, Vladimir Dal came to St. Petersburg, where he was present at the death of A.S. Pushkin, from whom Dahl received his talisman ring. In 1838, for collecting collections on the flora and fauna of the Orenburg region, Vladimir Dal was elected corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in the class of natural sciences. In 1841-1849 he lived in St. Petersburg (Alexandrinsky Theater Square, now Ostrovsky Square, 11), served as an official for special assignments at the Ministry of Internal Affairs. From 1849 to 1859, Vladimir Dal served as manager of the Nizhny Novgorod specific office. After retiring, he settled in Moscow, in his own house on Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Street. Since 1859 he was a full member of the Moscow Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. In 1861, for the first editions of the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language", Vladimir Dal received the Konstantinov Medal from the Imperial Geographical Society, in 1863 (according to other sources - in 1868) he was awarded the Lomonosov Prize of the Academy of Sciences and was awarded the title of honorary academician. The first volume of the “Dictionary...” was published using a loan of 3 thousand rubles issued to Dahl by the Moscow Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. In the last years of his life, Dahl was interested in spiritualism and Swedenborgianism. In 1871, Lutheran Dahl converted to Orthodoxy. Vladimir Dal died on October 4 (old style - September 22) 1872 in Moscow. He was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.
Among the works of Vladimir Dahl are essays, articles on medicine, linguistics, ethnography, poetry, one-act comedies, fairy tales, stories: “Gypsy” (1830; story), “Russian fairy tales. The first heel” (1832), “There were fables” ( in 4 volumes; 1833-1839), an article in defense of homeopathy (one of the first articles in defense of homeopathy; published in the Sovremennik magazine in 1838), “Midshipman Kisses” 1841; a story about the Naval Cadet Corps), “A word and a half about the present Russian language" (article; published in the magazine "Moskvityanin" in 1842), "Soldier's Leisure" (1843, second edition - in 1861; stories), "The Adventures of X. X. Violdamur and his Arshet" (1844; story), "On Beliefs, superstitions and prejudices of the Russian people" (printed in 1845-1846, 2nd edition - in 1880; article), "Works of the Cossack Lugansk" (1846), "On the dialects of the Russian language" (1852; article), "Sailors' leisure" ( 1853; stories; written on behalf of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich), “Pictures from Russian Life” (1861; collection of 100 essays), “Tales” (1861; collection), "Proverbs of the Russian people" (1853, 1861-1862, a collection that included more than 30,000 proverbs, sayings, jokes, riddles), "Two forty byvalschinok for peasants" (1862), "Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language" (in 4 volumes; compiled over 50 years; published in 1863-1866; contained about 200,000 words; Dahl was awarded the Lomonosov Prize of the Academy of Sciences and in 1863 was awarded the title of honorary academician), textbooks of botany and zoology. Published in the magazines Sovremennik, Otechestvennye zapiski, Moskvityanin, and Library for Reading.
Information sources:
In Lugansk (now Ukraine). His father, the Dane Johan Christian von Dahl, a scientist who spoke several languages, was invited to Russia by Catherine II and became the court librarian. Then, after graduating from the Medical Faculty of the University of Jena in Germany, he became a doctor, returned to Russia and took the position of doctor of the mining department in Lugansk.
In 1799, Dr. Dahl received Russian citizenship and began to be called Ivan Matveevich. His mother, née Freytag, was of German origin.
In 1805 the family moved to the city of Nikolaev.
Vladimir Dal was educated at home and wrote poetry as a child. In 1815 he entered the Naval Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg. Dahl later described his studies in the corps in the story “Midshipman Kisses, or Look Around Survivingly” (1841).
In 1819, after completing his training in the corps, he was sent to serve as a midshipman in the Black Sea Fleet. At this time, Dahl began to write down dialect words and began the main work of his life - the creation of the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language."
In 1826 he retired and entered the medical faculty of the University of Dorpat (now the University of Tartu).
In 1829, Dahl defended his dissertation and was sent to the Russian-Turkish War in the active army, where he worked as a surgeon in a field hospital. After the war ended, he continued to serve as a military doctor and epidemiologist.
In 1831, Dahl took part in the Polish campaign and distinguished himself during the crossing of General Fyodor Ridiger across the Vistula near the city of Yuzefova. In the absence of an engineer, he built a bridge (the military engineering skills acquired in the cadet corps were useful), defended it during the crossing and then destroyed it himself. For failure to fulfill “his direct duties,” Dahl received a reprimand from the leadership of the corps’ medical service. For this feat, through the efforts of General Ridiger, Dahl received a diamond ring and the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree.
After the end of the war, Vladimir Dal became a resident at the St. Petersburg Military Ground Hospital and became close friends with poets and writers Alexander Pushkin, Vasily Zhukovsky, Ivan Krylov, Nikolai Yazykov, and Prince Vasily Odoevsky.
Vladimir Dahl's first story, "The Gypsy", was published in 1830.
Subsequently, in the 1830-1840s, he published essays under the pseudonym Cossack Lugansky.
In 1832, he published the collection “Russian fairy tales from oral folk traditions translated into civil literacy, adapted to everyday life and embellished with walking sayings by the Cossack Vladimir Lugansky. The first heel.” The censor saw the book as a mockery of the government; Only his military merits saved Dahl from prosecution.
In 1833, Dahl was sent to serve in Orenburg, where he became an official for special assignments under the military governor. During his years of service, Dahl wrote stories about the Kazakhs “Bikey and Maulina” (1836) and about the Bashkirs “The Bashkir Mermaid” (1843).
He collected collections of flora and fauna of the Orenburg province, for which in 1838 he was elected a corresponding member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences.
All this time, Dahl did not abandon medicine, giving preference to ophthalmology and homeopathy - one of the first Russian articles in defense of homeopathy was published by him in Sovremennik in 1838.
In 1837, having learned about Pushkin’s duel, he came to St. Petersburg and was on duty at the poet’s bedside until his last minute. In 1841, shortly after the Khiva campaign of the Russian army (1839-1840), in which Dahl took part, he moved to St. Petersburg and began working as a secretary and official for special assignments under the Minister of Internal Affairs.
In 1849, Dahl was appointed to the position of manager of the Nizhny Novgorod specific office. In addition to his immediate official duties (writing peasant complaints, etc.), he performed surgical operations.
In 1859, Vladimir Dal moved to Moscow and devoted all his time to processing the collected materials for an explanatory dictionary. In 1861-1862, he published the collection “Proverbs of the Russian People,” which contained 30 thousand proverbs. Dahlem also published the books “On the dialects of the Russian language” and “On the superstitions and prejudices of the Russian people.” In 1861, the first volume of the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” was published, containing 200 thousand words, and the first edition was completed by 1868.
For his dictionary, Dahl was awarded the Lomonosov Prize of the Academy of Sciences, the Prize of the University of Dorpat, and the Konstantinov Gold Medal of the Russian Geographical Society.
In 1868 he was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences.
In the last years of his life, Dahl worked on the second edition of the dictionary, expanded the vocabulary and wrote children's stories. He translated the Old Testament “in relation to the concepts of the Russian common people,” and wrote textbooks on zoology and botany.
On October 4 (September 22, old style), 1872, Vladimir Dal died in Moscow. He was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.
Dahl was married twice. In 1833, Julia Andre (1816-1838) became his wife. They had two children - a son, Lev, and a daughter, Julia. Having become a widower, in 1840 Vladimir Dal married Ekaterina Sokolova (1819-1872), daughter of a hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. In this marriage three daughters were born - Maria, Olga and Ekaterina.
Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, whose biography will be described in this article, is a Russian scientist and writer. He was a corresponding member of the Physics and Mathematics Department of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He was one of the 12 founders of the Russian Geographical Society. Knew at least 12 languages, including several Turkic. His greatest fame came from compiling the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Great Russian Language.”
Family
Vladimir Dal, whose biography is well known to all fans of his work, was born in 1801 on the territory of modern Lugansk (Ukraine).
His father was Danish, and Ivan adopted the Russian name along with Russian citizenship in 1799. Ivan Matveevich Dal knew French, Greek, English, Yiddish, Hebrew, Latin and German, and was a physician and theologian. His linguistic abilities were so high that Catherine II herself invited Ivan Matveyevich to St. Petersburg to work in the court library. He later went to Jena to train as a doctor, then returned to Russia and received a medical license.
In St. Petersburg, Ivan Matveevich married Maria Freytag. They had 4 boys:
- Vladimir (born 1801).
- Karl (born 1802). He served in the navy all his life and had no children. He was buried in Nikolaev (Ukraine).
- Pavel (born 1805). He suffered from consumption and, due to poor health, lived with his mother in Italy. Had no children. He died young and was buried in Rome.
- Leo (birth year unknown). He was killed by Polish rebels.
Maria Dahl knew 5 languages. Her mother was a descendant of an old family of French Huguenots and studied Russian literature. Most often she translated into Russian the works of A. V. Iffland and S. Gesner. Maria Dahl's grandfather is a pawnshop official, a collegiate assessor. In fact, it was he who forced the father of the future writer to take up the medical profession, considering it one of the most profitable.
Studies
Vladimir Dal, whose short biography is in literature textbooks, received his primary education at home. His parents instilled in him a love of reading from childhood.
At the age of 13, Vladimir and his younger brother entered the St. Petersburg Cadet Corps. They studied there for 5 years. In 1819, Dahl graduated as a midshipman. By the way, he will write about his studies and service in the navy 20 years later in the story “Midshipman Kisses, or Look Back Tough.”
After serving in the navy until 1826, Vladimir entered the medical faculty of the University of Dorpat. He made his living by giving Russian language lessons. Due to lack of funds, he had to live in an attic closet. Two years later, Dahl was enrolled in state-funded pupils. As one of his biographers wrote: “Vladimir plunged headlong into his studies.” He especially leaned heavily on the Latin language. And for his work on philosophy he was even awarded a silver medal.
He had to interrupt his studies with the outbreak of the Russian-Turkish War in 1828. In the Transdanubian region, cases of plague increased, and the active army needed to strengthen its medical service. Vladimir Dal, whose brief biography is known even to foreign writers, passed the exam to become a surgeon ahead of schedule. His dissertation was entitled “On a successful method and on latent ulceration of the kidneys.”
Medical activity
During the battles of the Polish and Russian-Turkish companies, Vladimir showed himself to be a brilliant military doctor. In 1832, he got a job as a resident at the St. Petersburg hospital and soon became a well-known and respected doctor in the city.
P. I. Melnikov (Dal’s biographer) wrote: “Having moved away from surgical practice, Vladimir Ivanovich did not leave medicine. He found new passions - homeopathy and ophthalmology.”
Military activities
Dahl's biography, a summary of which shows that Vladimir always achieved his goals, describes a case when the writer proved himself to be a soldier. This happened in 1831 when General Ridiger was crossing the (Polish company). Dahl helped build a bridge across it, defended it, and after crossing it, destroyed it. For failure to fulfill direct medical duties, Vladimir Ivanovich received a reprimand from his superiors. But later the tsar personally awarded the future ethnographer the Vladimir Cross.
First steps in literature
Dahl, whose brief biography was well known to his descendants, began his literary career with a scandal. He composed an epigram about Craig, the commander-in-chief of the Black Sea Fleet, and Yulia Kulchinskaya, his common-law wife. For this, Vladimir Ivanovich was arrested in September 1823 for 9 months. After the trial, he moved from Nikolaev to Kronstadt.
In 1827, Dahl published his first poems in the magazine Slavyanin. And in 1830 he revealed himself as a prose writer in the story “The Gypsy,” published in the Moscow Telegraph. Unfortunately, it is impossible to talk in detail about this wonderful work within the framework of one article. If you want to get more information, you can refer to thematic encyclopedias. Reviews of the story can be in the section “Dal Vladimir: biography”. The writer also composed several books for children. The greatest success was enjoyed by “The First First Vintage”, as well as “The Other First Vintage”.
Confession and second arrest
As a writer, Vladimir Dal, whose biography is well known to all schoolchildren, became famous thanks to his book “Russian Fairy Tales,” published in 1832. The rector of the Dorpat Institute invited his former student to the department of Russian literature. Vladimir's book was accepted as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Now everyone knew that Dahl was a writer whose biography is an example to follow. But trouble happened. The work was rejected by the Minister of Education himself as unreliable. The reason for this was the denunciation of the official Mordvinov.
Dahl's biography describes this event as follows. At the end of 1832, Vladimir Ivanovich made a tour of the hospital where he worked. People in uniform came, arrested him and took him to Mordvinov. He attacked the doctor with vulgar abuse, waving “Russian Fairy Tales” in front of his nose, and sent the writer to prison. Vladimir was helped by Zhukovsky, who at that time was the teacher of Alexander, the son of Nicholas I. Zhukovsky described to the heir to the throne everything that happened in an anecdotal light, describing Dahl as a modest and talented man, awarded medals and orders for military service. Alexander convinced his father of the absurdity of the situation and Vladimir Ivanovich was released.
Acquaintance and friendship with Pushkin
Any published biography of Dahl contains a moment of acquaintance with the great poet. Zhukovsky repeatedly promised Vladimir that he would introduce him to Pushkin. Dal got tired of waiting and, taking a copy of “Russian Fairy Tales,” which had been withdrawn from sale, went to introduce himself to Alexander Sergeevich on his own. Pushkin, in response, also gave Vladimir Ivanovich a book - “The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda.” This is how their friendship began.
At the end of 1836, Vladimir Ivanovich arrived in St. Petersburg. Pushkin visited him many times and asked him about linguistic discoveries. The poet really liked the word “crawl” he heard from Dahl. It meant the skin that snakes and grass snakes shed after wintering. During his next visit, Alexander Sergeevich asked Dahl, pointing to his frock coat: “Well, is my crawl good? I won't crawl out of it anytime soon. I’ll write masterpieces in it!” He wore this coat to the duel. In order not to cause unnecessary suffering to the wounded poet, the “crawling out” had to be flogged. By the way, this incident is even described in Dahl’s biography for children.
Vladimir Ivanovich took part in the treatment of Alexander Sergeevich’s fatal wound, although the poet’s relatives did not invite Dahl. Having learned that his friend was seriously injured, he came to him himself. Pushkin was surrounded by several famous doctors. In addition to Ivan Spassky (the Pushkins’ family doctor) and court physician Nikolai Arendt, three other specialists were present. Alexander Sergeevich joyfully greeted Dahl and asked with a prayer: “Tell the truth, I’m going to die soon?” Vladimir Ivanovich answered professionally: “We hope that everything will be fine and you should not despair.” The poet shook his hand and thanked him.
Being present, he gave Dahl his gold ring with an emerald, with the words: “Vladimir, take it as a souvenir.” And when the writer shook his head, Alexander Sergeevich repeated: “Take it, my friend, I am no longer destined to compose.” Subsequently, Dahl wrote about this gift to V. Odoevsky: “When I look at this ring, I immediately want to create something decent.” Dahl visited the poet's widow in order to return the gift. But Natalya Nikolaevna did not accept it, saying: “No, Vladimir Ivanovich, this is for your memory. And also, I want to give you his bullet-pierced frock coat.” It was the crawl-out frock coat described above.
Marriage
In 1833, Dahl's biography was marked by an important event: he married Julia Andre. By the way, Pushkin himself knew her personally. Julia conveyed her impressions of meeting the poet in letters to E. Voronina. Together with his wife, Vladimir moved to Orenburg, where they had two children. In 1834, a son, Lev, was born, and 4 years later, a daughter, Julia. Together with his family, Dahl was transferred as an official to carry out special assignments under Governor V.A. Perovsky.
Having become a widower, Vladimir Ivanovich married again in 1840 to Ekaterina Sokolova. She gave birth to the writer three daughters: Maria, Olga and Ekaterina. The latter wrote memoirs about her father, which were published in 1878 in the Russian Messenger magazine.
Naturalist
In 1838, for collecting collections on the fauna and flora of the Orenburg region, Dahl was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences in the department of natural sciences.
Dictionary
Anyone who knows Dahl's biography knows about the writer's main work - the Explanatory Dictionary. When it was assembled and processed to the letter “P”, Vladimir Ivanovich wanted to retire and completely concentrate on working on his brainchild. In 1859, Dahl moved to Moscow and settled in the house of Prince Shcherbaty, who wrote “The History of the Russian State.” The final stages of work on the dictionary, which is still unsurpassed in volume, took place in this house.
Dahl set himself goals that can be expressed in two quotes: “The living people's language should become a treasury and source for the development of literate Russian speech”; “General definitions of concepts, objects and words are an impossible and useless task.” And the more common and simple the subject, the more sophisticated it is. Explaining and communicating a word to other people is much more intelligible than any definition. And examples help clarify the matter even more.”
The linguist Dahl, whose biography is in many literary encyclopedias, spent 53 years achieving this great goal. Here is what Kotlyarevsky wrote about the dictionary: “Literature, Russian science and the whole society received a monument worthy of the greatness of our people. Dahl’s work will be a source of pride for future generations.”
In 1861, for the first editions of the dictionary, the Imperial Geographical Society awarded Vladimir Ivanovich the Konstantinovsky medal. In 1868 he was elected an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences. And after the publication of all volumes of the dictionary, Dahl received the Lomonosov Prize.
Last years
In 1871, the writer fell ill and invited an Orthodox priest on this occasion. Dahl did this because he wanted to receive communion according to the Orthodox rite. That is, shortly before his death, he converted to Orthodoxy.
In September 1872, Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, whose biography was described above, died. He was buried with his wife. Six years later, his son Leo was also buried there.
Biography
Russian writer, ethnographer, linguist, lexicographer, doctor. Vladimir Ivanovich Dal was born on November 22 (old style - November 10) 1801 in Lugansk, Ekaterinoslav province. Father - Johann Dahl - a Dane who accepted Russian citizenship, was a doctor, linguist and theologian; mother - Maria Khristoforovna Dahl (née Freytag) - half-German, half-French from a Huguenot family.
In 1814 he entered the St. Petersburg Naval Cadet Corps. After graduating from the course in 1819, Vladimir Dal served in the navy in Nikolaev for more than five years. Having received a promotion, he was transferred to the Baltic, where he served for a year and a half in Kronstadt. In 1826 he retired and entered the medical faculty of the University of Dorpat, graduating in 1829 and becoming an oculist surgeon. In 1831, Vladimir Dal took part in the campaign against the Poles, distinguishing himself while crossing the Riediger across the Vistula near Yuzefov. Dahl was the first to use electric current in mine explosives, mining a crossing and blowing it up after the retreat of the Russian division across the river. On the report to the commander about the decisive actions of the divisional doctor Dahl, the corps commander, General Riediger, imposed a resolution: “For the feat, present to the order. Reprimand for failure to fulfill and evasion of one’s direct duties.” Emperor Nicholas I awarded Vladimir Dal with an order - the Vladimir Cross in his buttonhole. At the end of the war, Dahl became a resident at the St. Petersburg Military Surgical Hospital, where he worked as an oculist surgeon.
Dal began collecting words and expressions of the Russian folk language in 1819. In 1832, “Russian Fairy Tales. The First Heel”, processed by Vladimir Dal, were published. According to Bulgarin's denunciation, the book was banned and the author was sent to the III department. Thanks to the intercession of Zhukovsky, Vladimir Dal was released on the same day, but was unable to publish under his own name: in the 30s and 40s he published under the pseudonym Cossack Lugansky.
Among the works of Vladimir Dahl are essays, articles on medicine, linguistics, ethnography, poetry, one-act comedies, fairy tales, stories: “Gypsy” (1830; story), “Russian fairy tales. The first heel” (1832), “There were fables” ( in 4 volumes; 1833-1839), an article in defense of homeopathy (one of the first articles in defense of homeopathy; published in the Sovremennik magazine in 1838), “Midshipman Kisses” 1841; a story about the Naval Cadet Corps), “A word and a half about the present Russian language" (article; published in the magazine "Moskvityanin" in 1842), "Soldier's Leisure" (1843, second edition - in 1861; stories), "The Adventures of X. X. Violdamur and his Arshet" (1844; story), "On Beliefs, superstitions and prejudices of the Russian people" (printed in 1845-1846, 2nd edition - in 1880; article), "Works of the Cossack Lugansk" (1846), "On the dialects of the Russian language" (1852; article), "Sailors' leisure" ( 1853; stories; written on behalf of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich), “Pictures from Russian Life” (1861; collection of 100 essays), “Tales” (1861; collection), "Proverbs of the Russian people" (1853, 1861-1862, a collection that included more than 30,000 proverbs, sayings, jokes, riddles), "Two forty byvalschinok for peasants" (1862), "Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language" (in 4 volumes; compiled over 50 years; published in 1863-1866; contained about 200,000 words; Dahl was awarded the Lomonosov Prize of the Academy of Sciences and in 1863 was awarded the title of honorary academician), textbooks of botany and zoology. Published in the magazines Sovremennik, Otechestvennye zapiski, Moskvityanin, and Library for Reading.
__________
Information sources:
"Russian Biographical Dictionary"
Encyclopedic resource www.rubricon.com (Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, Encyclopedia "Moscow", Encyclopedic Directory "St. Petersburg", Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary)
Project "Russia Congratulates!" - www.prazdniki.ru
(Source: “Aphorisms from around the world. Encyclopedia of wisdom.” www.foxdesign.ru)
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Academician
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Books
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Born in the Yekaterinoslav province in the Lugansk plant. The son of a linguist and physician, Danish by nationality Ivan Matveevich Dahl and a German woman Maria Khristoforovna, née Freytag.
He received his education in the Naval Cadet Corps in Kronstadt, after which he served in the Black Sea Fleet for several years. In 1826 he left the service. He continued his education at the University of Dorpat at the Faculty of Medicine. He served as a military surgeon and participated in the campaign against the Poles and Turks. After the war, he became a resident at the St. Petersburg military land hospital. In medicine, he was a specialist in ophthalmology and homeopathy.
He began his literary activity in 1832 with the publication of Russian Fairy Tales. The book displeased the authorities, and the writer was arrested. Thanks to the intercession of V.A. Zhukovsky, everything ended well, but Dal could not publish under his own name for several more years. Based on the name of his hometown, he often used the pseudonym Kazak Lugansky.
Due to the close attention of the III Gendarmerie Directorate, he was forced to go to serve in Orenburg, where he worked for seven years. In 1837 he accompanied the heir to the throne, the future Emperor Alexander II, on his journey around the region.
Since the late 1830s. Dahl published many works on ethnography, vocabulary and dialects of the Russian language, textbooks on botany and zoology, essays on Russian life, novels and short stories.
In 1839-1840 participated in the Khiva military campaign, after which he returned to St. Petersburg. Since 1841, secretary of the comrade minister of appanages. In 1849-1859 was the manager of the Nizhny Novgorod specific office. From 1859 he lived in Moscow, in a house near Presnensky Ponds (Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Street, building 4/6). A.F. has been here Pisemsky, S.T. Aksakov with his sons and others.
In 1861-1868. Dahl’s main creation, “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language,” was published, materials for which he began collecting while still a naval doctor. In 1868, the ethnographer-collector was elected an honorary member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Dal was one of the initiators and organizers of the Russian Geographical Society.
Living in St. Petersburg, Vladimir Ivanovich was close to many writers and poets of his time: V.A. Zhukovsky, I.A. Krylov, N.V. Gogol, Prince V.F. Odoevsky. Was a friend of A.S. Pushkin. After the poet was wounded in a duel, Dahl was constantly at the dying man’s bedside, and after his death, he received a ring and a frock coat, shot through during the duel, as a keepsake of Pushkin.
Dahl was married twice. The first time since 1833 on Julia Andre, who died young from consumption. Had a son Leo, an architect. He married for the second time in 1840 to Ekaterina Lvovna Sokolova, with whom he had daughters: Olga; Maria - married to Bulgarian emigrant Konstantin Stanishev; Ekaterina. Dahl’s passion for the gypsy Cassandra is known, whom he bought while serving in Iasi, and later dedicated the story “Gypsy” to her.
At the end of his life he became interested in spiritualism. Before his death he converted to Orthodoxy. Died in Moscow. He was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.
