Symptoms of herpesvirus infection in children. Herpes in children: how to help a child with herpes infection. Symptoms in children

Every adult knows what herpes is. This is a rather unpleasant disease, which manifests itself in the form of a bubble rash on mucous surfaces and skin. But if an adult usually tolerates such an ailment normally, since he has a fairly strong immunity.

Then, in a fragile body, the herpes virus can lead to complications. In children, the symptoms and treatment of the disease should be closely interrelated (the more severe the symptoms, the more difficult the therapy regimen can be).

But it is simply impossible for a non-professional to recognize the entire symptom complex "by eye". Therefore, parents, when a herpetic rash appears, should seek the advice of a specialist.

This virus is dangerous because it is very contagious. It is easy for them to become infected with airborne droplets and household contact. Herpesvirus infection in children can be easily transmitted even on the playground, in the kindergarten, when visiting clubs, etc.

The most contagious period is the period of the rash. It is very easy to get infected in everyday life, through common objects - a towel, dishes, etc.

You need to understand that the herpes virus in children may not immediately manifest itself as a "fever" (rashes). Very often, a fairly long period passes before it manifests itself. Usually, the start for manifestation is a state of health in which immunity is weakened.

There are a number of triggers that activate the virus:

• constant fatigue, both physical and emotional;
• stress - regular or long-term exposure;
• prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays, overheating;
• drying out of mucous surfaces;
• almost all types of diseases that weaken the immune system, in particular, SARS, flu;
• frequent hypothermia;
• injury to mucous surfaces and skin;
• poor nutrition, which leads to a deficiency of any vitamins or nutrients.

Some scientists believe that every person on earth has this virus in their blood. Only people with a strong immune system rarely see its manifestations in themselves, but those who do not care about their health are more likely to suffer from herpes sores.

Causes of infection in newborns and infants

Herpes in infants is difficult in comparison with adults, since a weakened and unformed immunity is unable to resist infection. At this age, congenital or neonatal herpes is more common.

Infection occurs as follows:

1. Placental- a woman, being pregnant and carrying the virus, transmits the disease to the fetus at an early stage of pregnancy. After birth, a baby may experience numerous complications.
2. Genital- the child becomes infected by passing through the birth canal of a sick mother. By the ingress of amniotic fluid into the baby's body, the pathogen is also transmitted.
3. Airborne droplet- upon contact with a sick person.
4. The virus enters the body of a healthy child through small microcracks in the skin, mucous membranes, lips or genitals.

These are the most common ways of getting the virus. It can be conditionally divided into several types, namely:

1. Congenital or neonatal- is considered the most dangerous. Complications resulting from its development can be fatal or cause disability. The incubation period lasts up to three weeks, in newborns, symptoms appear by about a month of their life. A special risk group includes those children whose mothers have been diagnosed with genital herpes.
2. Herpes simplex- localized on the lips and mucous membranes. At the initial stage, the child's condition worsens, the body temperature rises. Red spots appear on the body, as it progresses, a rash forms inside which fluid. After a while, they begin to crack, a crust forms on the surface, under which healthy skin is formed.

Relapse periods depend on many factors. It is believed that in winter and autumn, when respiratory infections are aggravated, the virus always makes itself felt.

In addition, the following factors can provoke a relapse:

• the development of infectious diseases;
• dryness of the mucous membrane;
• weak immunity;
• high temperature;
• hypothermia or overheating of the body.

If parents protect the child from all these factors, then the frequency of recurrence of the disease will be reduced. The video in this article describes in more detail why the disease appears in children.

Varieties of the disease

Currently, herpes is divided into 6 main types. In each case, there will be pathogens, which means that absolutely different help will be required. To determine a specific herpes virus in a child's blood, you will need to pass certain tests.

Herpes can be:

1. The first type. The simplest, and then the most common type (read more). In this case, the child has rashes on the lips and around the mouth (also called fever), on the wings of the nose, on the mucous surfaces of the oral cavity.
2. The second type affects the genitals... It so happens that this type of disease manifests itself in conjunction with the previous one (read more). This virus is often transmitted during childbirth through the birth canal. Type 2 is characterized not only by severe itching in intimate places in children, but also provokes the appearance of hepatic sore throat and various forms of stomatitis.
3. Third type... This is the well-known chickenpox. One of the lesions is herpes zoster.
4. Fourth type... This type of virus is very dangerous. It is provoked by the Epstein-Barr virus, which leads to the development of infectious mononucleosis and damage to the lymphatic system. In addition to the fact that this disease negatively affects the internal organs, in particular, the spleen and liver, it is also fraught with serious complications, since it greatly weakens the immune system.
5. Fifth type... It provokes the development of cytomegalovirus infection. This type is found in children as early as 2 - 3 years old, that is, when the child begins to attend preschool. The danger here lies in the fact that this herpes virus in a child may have symptoms (or they will be minor) for a long time and not show, because of which parents may even miss the time for treatment. But at the same time, active infection of other children who surround the virus carrier will also occur.
6. Sixth type... In childhood, it manifests itself in the form of a sudden exanthema or roseola. In medicine, this disease can also be called pseudo-rubella, since small red bubbles appear on the child's body. Herpes of the 6th type has primary symptoms very similar to the manifestation of a common cold, so it often happens that doctors diagnose a child with ARVI or ARI. Accordingly, then the treatment here proceeds according to a completely different plan. And until a rash appears on the body, the right measures are unlikely to be taken. In adults, this type of virus provokes the development of such a serious ailment as multiple sclerosis.
7. Seventh and eighth types... This is a new generation of viruses that were discovered quite recently, so not much information has been received about them. It is believed that the 7th type can cause chronic fatigue, as well as lead to oncological changes in the lymphoid tissue.

To identify herpesvirus infections in children, it is necessary to take a blood test. But such an appointment is usually not given to parents until the child develops vivid symptoms. And waiting can seriously affect the health of the little patient. Therefore, it is better to know by what signs the onset of the disease can be determined.

Symptoms

The herpes virus in children can have a wide variety of symptoms. In addition, as mentioned above, the primary manifestations may resemble other diseases.

There are general clinical symptoms that should alert parents:

• body temperature rises to 38 - 39 degrees;
• the baby may complain of a constant headache;
• the child quickly gets tired, becomes lethargic and irritable;
• there is pain in the joints and muscles, and sometimes even the skin becomes very sensitive, which makes it impossible to touch the baby.

At first glance, all of the above symptoms are so general in nature, that is, they affect many diseases, that it will be extremely difficult to determine herpes by them. But they are quickly joined by a rash in the form of bubbles (photo is presented below), damage to the lymph nodes and mucous surfaces (even the eyes can be affected). In especially severe cases, herpes is accompanied by lesions of the nervous system.

Localization

Herpes in a child can be congenital or acquired. Neither species can be permanently treated. All activities will be aimed at maintaining immunity and eliminating the main symptoms.

As for the places where herpes appears, they can be as follows:

If herpes develops in infants, the symptoms and the duration of their manifestation depend on the duration of the infection. Depending on the course of the disease, the incubation period can last up to one month.

Newborns can have several forms of herpes infection:

1. Localized. Rashes appear on the skin and mucous membranes. More than 40% of children suffer. Eruptions of vesicles are single or multiple, their diameter does not exceed two millimeters, there is a slight swelling. Symptoms appear in the first two weeks after birth. In place of the bursting bubbles, erosion remains. The healing period is about fourteen days, after this time the crusts disappear, and pigment spots of a red hue remain in their place. Lack of treatment will damage many organs, including the central nervous system.
2. Generalized... In more than half of the cases of pathology, this form occurs. The virus is diagnosed most often 10-12 days after birth, but it can appear earlier. The clinical picture is blurred, it may resemble sepsis. There is an increase in body temperature, an increase in the size of the spleen, symptoms of pneumonia, frequent regurgitation, a sluggish state, the child is crying.
3. Chicken pox... At the initial stage, herpes forms on the lips, face and abdomen. Rashes are small pink patches. After a while, the bubbles spread throughout the body, inside the liquid. The lymph nodes increase in size, the body temperature rises. Time will pass and the bubbles will burst, after drying, small scabs will remain on the body. When re-infected, shingles develops.
4. Infectious mononucleosis- with development, the body temperature rises.

The symptoms of the disease are numerous, and sometimes it does not make itself felt at all for years.

In fact, herpes is a rather dangerous disease, which is characterized not only by unaesthetic rashes and their possible suppuration, but can also lead to problems with the nervous system, and sometimes even death.

Why is herpes dangerous for children?

Not all parents know if herpes is dangerous for a baby and what will happen if you do not start treating it on time. If there is no fight against infection, the child's condition will begin to deteriorate, complications will arise.

The following diseases can develop from untreated herpes:

1. Herpes of the eye. The main symptom of the disease is constant watery eyes, pain, itching, redness. Lack of treatment will lead to clouding of the cornea, and as a result, the child will go blind.
2. Eczema of Kaposi. With the development of pathology, immediate hospitalization of the child in a hospital is required, since the outcome can be fatal. One of the symptoms is an increase in body temperature, blisters scattered throughout the body, unbearable itching.
3. Encephalitis - the infection enters the brain while in the womb. Hospitalization is necessary in this case as well.
4. Panaritium - development provokes herpes. The finger begins to become inflamed, the virus is introduced through the lesions on the skin. There is swelling, pain, redness.

In newborns, the disease manifests itself more difficult than in adults. The danger lies in the fact that the nervous system and internal organs can be affected. The child may lose sight, hearing, fertility functions will be absent.

How to treat a disease

The duration of treatment and its success depend on how correct and timely the diagnosis will be. Thanks to modern medicine, it is possible to treat children under one year old, thereby avoiding complications.

Infection in an advanced case can become chronic. The main goal of treatment is to suppress the activity of the virus, as well as reduce the severity of complications.

The following drugs can be used:

• antipyretic - with their help they bring down the high temperature;
• antiviral - relieve pain and itching, more often Acyclovir is prescribed;
• interferons - destroy the virus, do not allow it to spread further;
• immunostimulating - block the further spread of the virus, prevent damage to internal organs.

When herpes develops in the oral cavity of a child, make sure that the child does not scratch anything. Frequent recurrences are not normal, it is recommended to consult an immunologist.

Important! Only a doctor can prescribe the treatment, the dosage of the drugs and the duration of their administration.

Parents treating a child for herpes should adhere to simple recommendations, which include:

1. Give your child as much fluid as possible for the entire treatment period. At elevated body temperature, the body can be dehydrated, a drinking regimen is necessary.
2. Drying crusts must not be removed. Their injury will cause a secondary bacterial infection to join, and in the future, scars will remain on the skin.
3. The child is contagious since the onset of acute symptoms. As soon as there is not a single trace of the rash on the body, there will be a threat to others.
4. Herpetic infection in the latent stage is not a reason to refuse preventive vaccination. Immediately after recovery, you can give the child the vaccine according to the vaccination schedule.
5. Parents, after the child recovers, should pay attention to strengthening his immunity. With strong defenses, relapses are rare. Nutrition should be correct and complete, complementary foods are introduced gradually according to age.

Spend time with your children outdoors as often as possible. The temperature in the apartment should be certain - no more than 25 degrees. It is recommended to practice hardening from childhood.

Breastfeeding and herpes

Is it possible to treat herpes with breastfeeding?

Many mothers ask a similar question. Experts say that there is no reason to transfer the baby to artificial feeding.

The virus is not able to penetrate into breast milk, the only way in which an infection can occur is through contact with a baby. Therefore, you should exclude kisses and hugs until complete recovery.

In order to prevent infection of the child, you should adhere to simple rules:

• wash your hands thoroughly before contact with a child;
• change bedding and underwear as often as possible;
• regularly carry out wet cleaning in the premises;
• the child must have individual dishes.

Herpes and breastfeeding are things that do not affect each other in any way. There is no need to treat the breast with anything before feeding.

Thus, you not only will not protect the child, but you can also provoke the appearance of abrasions and cracks. There is no need to change the feeding regime and reduce its frequency.

Breast milk contains the necessary nutrients and antibodies against herpes infection. This is why the best way to protect your baby is through long-term breastfeeding.

But how to treat herpes while breastfeeding?

Purchase a local antiviral first. The sooner treatment is started, the more likely the child will not be infected.

During lactation, it is allowed to be treated only with local remedies. A rash on the lips is eliminated with Acyclovir cream and its analogues. Apply the drug in such a way as not to touch the mucous membranes of the cheeks or lips. Treatment is carried out until all the rashes are formed.

Genital herpes is also treated with antiviral drugs. When applied topically, there is no threat to the child and the woman. Substances are not absorbed into the skin, do not enter the blood and breast milk.

Doctors avoid systemic drugs while breastfeeding. If you cannot do without them, you may have to stop feeding for a while, the child is transferred to an artificial mixture. But you need to express your breast milk every day so that it doesn't go to waste.

Frequently asked questions to the doctor

Disease prevention

What is included in the prevention of herpes in children?

Preventive measures are not complicated, they include the following activities:

• teach your child from virginity to the rules of personal hygiene;
• do not allow close contact of children and sick people;
• nutrition should be balanced;
• strengthen the immune system.

Thus, you will protect your child from an unpleasant disease.

Symptoms of the disease

How can I tell if my child is starting to develop herpes?

To date, doctors distinguish several characteristic symptoms by which parents can identify a disease, refer to them:

• sensation of muscle pain;
• the child becomes irritable and moody;
• feverish condition;
• the appearance of a rash on the body;
• lack of appetite.

Having noticed such symptoms, be sure to take your child to the hospital.

Herpes in children is a serious condition that is usually perceived as a sore skin rash. The herpes virus remains in the body forever and manifests itself under favorable conditions for it. Basically, it is a dormant infection, which is characterized by a latent course for a long time.

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Causes and ways of infection

The main reason is the prevalence of a viral infection that enters the child's body:

1. Contact and household - through shared towels, dishes, dirty toys, personal items, etc.
2. By airborne droplets, when the source of infection is the carrier of the infection. Transmission of infection occurs through direct contact: during kissing or touching the skin with the mucous membrane of the infected.

A person in whom the herpes virus is in a latent state is not dangerous. The active phase of herpes is usually accompanied by the presence of clinical manifestations on the skin, but in some cases it may be asymptomatic.

Babies can become infected from mothers while in the womb or during the postpartum period.

Types of herpes and symptoms

Of the numerous family of herpes viruses, only 8 of them cause disease in humans. Signs of herpes in a child can be seen in the photo below.

Herpetic eye damage Herpes on the face Herpes on the lips Herpes in the mouth of a child

First and second types

Herpesvirus of the first two types is characterized by vesicular rashes on those areas of the skin through which infection has passed. Vesicles can be on the nose and lips of the baby. After a while, bubbles with a transparent liquid inside increase and burst.

The disease is accompanied by:

• weakness;
• drowsiness;
• headache;
• an increase in body temperature.

These are signs of general intoxication of the body. Young children can become infected by putting unwashed hands, dirty toys, household items, or poorly processed foods into their mouths. For this reason, the places of localization of rashes with herpes in children are the lips and the nasolabial triangle.

The peculiarities of herpes of the first and second types are a decrease in immune functions and disorders of the nervous system. Diagnostics is carried out on the basis of children's complaints and the detection of symptoms during examination. After differentiation of the pathogen, the stage of herpes is determined. Based on these data, treatment is prescribed.

As provoking factors contributing to the spread of herpes infection, there are:

• hypothermia of the body;
• improper food organization;
• a bacterial or fungal infection.

It is important to note that, unlike the first type of herpes, the second type of herpes is most often infected in utero or during the passage through the birth canal. Externally, HSV-2 appears on the mucous membranes of genitals and adjacent areas of the skin. But under certain conditions, it can affect other parts of the body.

Doctors can diagnose HSV-2 in a child during the first month of his life. Typical rashes appear both on the mucous membranes of the genital organs of the newborn, the skin of the inner thighs, and in the genitourinary system.

Third type

The third type of herpes provokes chickenpox. According to medical statistics, the disease most often affects children. Re-infection is very rare. Chickenpox is infected by airborne droplets.

Symptoms of the disease:

• increased body temperature;
• chills;
• the formation of bubbles containing liquid;
• severe itching.

After suffering a disease, a person acquires the status of a carrier of the virus for the rest of his life. If this type of herpes in childhood was in a dormant state, then later it will manifest itself as shingles.

Fourth type

Herpes of the fourth type is classified as the Epstein-Barr virus. It is often the cause of mononucleosis. In some cases, their disease is accompanied by an asymptomatic course in a lubricated form. Burkitt's lymphoma is a serious consequence of this type of herpes.

The main signs of herpes simplex of the fourth type in children are:

• high body temperature;
• the appearance of pain in muscles and joints;
• inflammation of the mucous membrane in the mouth;
• constant feeling of tiredness;
• drowsiness;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• the appearance of a small rash on the skin and mucous membranes.

Clarification of the diagnosis is carried out on the basis of a detailed examination of children and the results of laboratory tests.

Fifth type

The fifth type of virus, cytomegalovirus, is more often asymptomatic and without consequences. However, this also has its negative side: most of the children become carriers of it. This disease is characterized by blurred symptoms and in most cases proceeds in a latent form. Signs of the disease can appear only with a weakened immune system. By the nature, the symptoms of cytomegalovirus are similar to the manifestations of colds.

In complicated cases, the virus acts as a provocateur and causes damage to the nervous system, visual and internal organs. Intrauterine infection of the fetus is especially dangerous. At birth, a baby may have not only skin rashes, but also developmental delay, underdevelopment of the brain and inflammation of the respiratory system.

Sixth type

The external signs of the sixth virus are similar to the manifestations of rubella.

The characteristic symptoms of the disease are:

• fast fatiguability;
• loss of sensitivity;
• convulsions;
• decreased vision;
• violation of brain activity;
• spasms of the affected muscles;
• the occurrence of problems with swallowing.

Herpes infection of this type is most often seen in adults. Symptoms may differ depending on which part of the nervous system is affected.

Seventh type

Young children over one year old can be infected with herpes simplex type 7. Children from the age of three become carriers of the infection. The virus can form in the child's saliva and in the peripheral blood. The infection is transmitted by airborne droplets or by blood transfusion from a sick donor.

The reasons for the development of this type of herpes are:

• bad ecology;
• improperly organized food;
• hypothermia of the body.

In children, the disease is manifested by the presence of the following symptoms:

• fever without skin rashes;
• seizures;
• mononuclear syndrome or meningoencephalitis.

In some cases, roseola is noted, the course of which occurs at an elevated temperature and is accompanied by a reddening of the throat and inflammation of the lymph nodes in the neck.

Eighth type

Herpes of the eighth type is transmitted in utero from mother to fetus through the placenta, as well as during internal organ transplant operations. Virus activation can occur during radiation therapy. This type of herpes often acts as a provocateur of oncological diseases: Kaposi's sarcoma, primary lymphoma and Castlem's disease.

Congenital immunity in a child

Of no small importance is the presence of innate immunity in children. In this case, we are talking about babies. If the mother was infected with the herpes simplex virus before conceiving a child, then the baby under one year old is not in danger. In a woman with normal immunity, immunoglobulins to this virus begin to be produced, which prevent the development of the disease with repeated infection. In the case of herpes, we are talking about antibodies of the M and G classes. It is thanks to their presence in the fetus that immunity is created against the herpes virus, which ensures safety for the newborn baby. But the lifespan of these immunoglobulins is limited. And literally in a few months they will no longer remain in the child's body.

Antibodies are transmitted to the child along with breast milk, and the longer he is breastfed, the stronger his immunity will be and the more reliably the baby will be protected from herpes.

It should be borne in mind that during this period, the child's body becomes vulnerable to herpes. In accordance with medical statistics, it has been established that the highest percentage of morbidity in children occurs at 8-12 months after birth.

If the mother first becomes ill with herpes while carrying a child, then the virus is transmitted to the fetus. This can cause multiple complications for the unborn baby, but in some cases the virus does not affect its further development. In this case, everything is individual.

Danger of herpes at an early age

Herpes is especially dangerous in children at an early age. In infants, the disease is much more severe. And the insidiousness of this infection is due to the fact that complications can develop against its background, characterized as damage to the internal organs and the nervous system.

With herpes infection, ENT organs are very often affected, as a result of which such ailments as:

• iridocyclitis (inflammation of the iris);
• keratitis (inflammation of the cornea of ​​the eye);
• phlebothrombosis (formation of blood clots in deep veins);
• herpetic sore throat;
• damage to the inner ear;
• deafness.

Herpes can provoke violations of the cardiac plan. The consequences of infection are manifested by diseases such as myocarditis and atherosclerosis. With violations of the central nervous system, the likelihood of developing meningitis, encephalopathy and damage to nerve fibers increases. In very rare cases, herpes infection can lead to schizophrenia and lingering depression. Parents should know what to do if their child gets sick with herpes and how to treat it, especially if the baby is in infancy.

What factors can trigger the development of the disease

A number of factors can affect a child's infection with the herpes virus, including the following:

• reduced immunity;
• poor nutrition;
• lack of vitamins in the body;
• hypothermia;
• exposure to ultraviolet radiation;
• drying out of the mucous membrane;
• increased physical activity;
• skin damage;
• frequent colds of an infectious nature;
• stressful situations in a child's life, which become the cause of his nervousness.

Most often, herpes infection occurs as a result of a violation of the temperature regime in the room where the child is in the winter season. The situation is aggravated if the child is young and has a weakened immune system. In this case, the disease begins to progress rapidly: significant areas on the body and mucous membranes are affected. The weaker the body's defenses, the more difficult herpes proceeds, in whatever form it manifests itself.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of herpes in children is carried out on the basis of a detailed examination and a survey of young patients. If there is a suspicion of contracting a herpes infection, parents should contact a pediatric pediatrician who can conduct an examination himself, or may refer the child to a dermatologist for additional advice. The disease is determined by detecting herpetic vesicles located inside the epidermis, and taking into account the patient's complaints of weakness, drowsiness, the occurrence of pain in the localization of the rashes. Confirmation of the diagnosis is carried out through laboratory tests by determining the viruses in the contents of the vesicles. In some cases, it is advisable to conduct a serological test in order to detect the presence of the herpes virus and use other methods of examination. For example, an RPHA blood test in some cases allows a child to be diagnosed with a latent disease.

The identification of neonatal herpes, the development of which occurs in utero, is to monitor the condition of a pregnant woman who has herpes. An important point is the form of the course of the disease: primary or recurrent. This tracking when the baby is born allows you to quickly identify the cause of the disease.

The obvious signs of herpes are concomitant manifestations: seizures and sepsis. During the examination, it is important: the identification of placental pathologies, the state of the internal organs and the brain. To clarify the situation, ultrasound and brain tomography can be used.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis may be necessary prior to treatment. It is done on the basis of comparing the signs of herpes with other diseases, which are characterized by the presence of skin rashes. Their nature is different for each disease.

Herpes is differentiated from the following diseases:

1. Shingles. The disease differs from herpes simplex in a complicated course. The size of the vesicles with shingles is larger, and they are localized along the nerve trunks.
2. Allergic contact dermatitis. These manifestations are due to the presence of linear rashes formed as a result of allergy to a certain irritant.
3. Pemphigus. The emergence of viral etiology, in which the vesicles have their location in the oral cavity and limbs of the arms or legs. The disease is characterized by the presence of isolated oval vesicles and the absence of clusters.
4. Herpangina. A disease in which rashes are noted on the palate, including the uvula and arch. Around the mouth and on the lips, their complete absence is noted.
5. Bullous impetigo. Bubble eruptions and erosion in this disease are superficial. In this case, the involved layers of the epidermis exfoliate, and the vesicles of deep localization are absent.
6. Cystic dactylitis. Its clinical manifestations are similar to herpetic panaritium. The difference lies in the presence of a single bladder, while multiple rashes are noted with panaritium.

Treatment methods

Treatment of herpes in children should be mandatory, and the sooner you start it, the better. With an advanced infection, the risk of complications increases: the disease is often accompanied by relapses and ultimately becomes chronic. The treatment regimen is developed individually for each child. Basically, medicines with an antiviral spectrum of action, interferons and means to increase immunity are used. It is necessary to go to the hospital at the first suspicion of herpes. In this way, serious problems can be avoided in the future. The main direction of therapy is the relief of symptoms, which is achieved by suppressing the replication of the virus and its destruction.

Antiviral and immunological therapy

The treatment of herpes infection is based on the use of antiviral drugs. In the pharmacy network, you can find medicines produced in the form of tablets, in the form of solutions for injections and ointments for external use. The most popular of these is Acyclovir. The medicine has different forms of release.

Among immunostimulants, Immunal and Arpetol are popular.

Arpetol (156 rubles) Immunal (353 rubles)

The destruction of herpes infection and blocking the reproduction of viruses is successfully achieved with the help of interferons. Medicines are dispensed in the form of suppositories and tablets.

Medicines, treatment methods, duration of therapy and dosage are selected depending on the type of herpes infection, the nature of its course, the frequency of recurrent processes and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Parents are strongly advised not to resort to self-treatment of the child, so as not to harm him instead of benefit. Only an experienced specialist can develop a clear scheme in order to achieve maximum efficiency. And this is done on the basis of preliminary survey data.

Doctors carry out treatment based on years of experience. It will not be difficult for them to determine which form of drugs is more suitable for a particular type of herpes. So, herpes simplex at the initial stage is successfully treated with the help of external agents. In the case when the rash occupies a large area, injections and pills are prescribed. Genital herpes is best treated with suppositories.

If, during an exacerbation of the disease, a bacterial or fungal infection occurs, then antibiotic therapy is carried out in parallel.

The principle of antiviral therapy lies in the use of ointments, which are applied to the affected areas 3-6 times a day, as well as in the use of drugs in tablet form, in the form of suppositories and injections.

Treating herpes depending on the type

Treatment of herpes of the first two types involves the use of antiviral drugs and immunomodulators. To consolidate the result, in some cases, a prophylaxis course is carried out, which prevents the development of relapses.

For herpes zoster, which is caused by a type 3 infection, antiviral therapy is given. You should start taking drugs with this spectrum of action no later than three days after the onset of rashes. This approach will reduce the duration of the pain syndrome and prevent the development of postherpetic neuralgia. Children with normal immune status are prescribed Acyclovir and Famciclovir. Dose adjustment is carried out depending on the state of the child's immune system. Treatment is aimed at preventing the spread of the herpes infection within the body. This type of herpes includes an infectious disease called chickenpox. His treatment involves adherence to bed rest, and it is carried out at home. The rashes are treated with antiseptic drugs. Children may be prescribed antihistamines if itching occurs. As for additional therapy, it is carried out in case of complications.

Cauterization with alcohol and alcohol-containing liquids (iodine, brilliant green) does not affect the virus in any way, it only irritates the damaged skin and mucous membranes.

Acyclovir (204 rubles) Famciclovir (1514 rubles) Interferon (122 rubles)

Type 4 includes the Epstein-Barr virus. When it manifests itself, children are prescribed individual treatment: they provide an abundant drink and carry out antiviral therapy with the parallel appointment of immunostimulants. In severe cases, babies are hospitalized, after which they are treated in inpatient conditions. The course of treatment may include rinsing the mouth with medicinal broths or solutions with an antiseptic. If necessary, a sick child is prescribed non-steroidal, antibacterial agents and antifungal drugs.

Treatment of eye herpes (type 5) is carried out with eye drops and ointments belonging to the category of antiviral drugs. In parallel, a course of immunotherapy is carried out. In complicated cases, microsurgery methods are used: microdathermocoagulation, keratoplasty, and so on. The most popular remedy for ocular herpes is interferons. This tool shows high efficiency in combating viral infection and moisturizes the eyes well. An interferon inductor is used for electrophoresis.

Treatment of herpes type 6 is also carried out through antiviral therapy. In this case, the use of Acyclovir is impractical, since the drug is ineffective. In the treatment of type 6 disease, Foscarnet is prescribed. In addition, antipyretic drugs and diuretic decoctions based on medicinal herbs are included in the course of treatment.

With herpes infection of types 7 and 8, specific treatment is not required. In the event of an exacerbation of the disease, symptomatic therapy is carried out, involving the use of antiviral drugs, immunomodulators and interferons. In case of complications, the child may need to consult a neurologist and prescribe additional treatment.

Contraindications to drugs

The drug restrictions are as follows.

What drugs are used in the treatment of herpes in children, says Dr. Komarovsky in this video. The author of the Inter TV channel.

Folk remedies

In addition to drug treatment, it is quite possible to get rid of herpes using traditional medicine. There are many herbs that are highly effective.

Herpetic viral infection is most amenable to treatment with remedies based on herbs such as string, medicinal wormwood and celandine. It is worth noting that it is quite possible to combine traditional medicine methods with drug treatment. Thus, the therapeutic effect will be achieved much faster. Children can also drink herbal teas for preventive purposes.

Several effective recipes that have been tested in practical experience should be considered in more detail:

1. Echinacea tea is extremely useful for children for herpes. Due to the increased content of echinacoside and phenolcarboxylic acids in its roots, it has properties similar to antibiotics. Drinking medicinal tea can significantly increase the body's defenses and resist a viral infection. Echinacea has an excellent diuretic effect and is successfully used as an antiseptic.
2. Calendula is also used in the treatment of herpes in children. The composition of the medicinal plant includes calenden - a component due to which a pronounced therapeutic effect is achieved. Calendula has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. Lotions based on this plant are used for herpetic eruptions, for healing wounds and stopping fungal infections. A decoction of marigolds is used as a tonic and soothing agent. Healing tea has the most beneficial effect on the state of the nervous system. A strong broth suitable for wiping herpes-affected areas.
3. A decoction of medicinal chamomile for herpes is used to relieve pain and accelerate healing. With its help, herpetic manifestations are dried and disinfected. Chamomile draws out pus well. The broth is prepared as follows: 3 tbsp. l. dry herbs with a mountain are poured with a glass of boiling water. The container is covered with a lid. The tool is infused until it cools completely and is filtered with gauze. The broth is used both for internal use as a tea, and for external use, in order to wipe the inflamed areas on the face and lips.
4. An effective medicine for herpes is a houseplant called Kalanchoe. It is used for external use. If the treatment is carried out correctly, then herpetic eruptions will disappear in a week. It is used as follows: a napkin is moistened in Kalanchoe juice, with which the affected areas are wiped. Herpes should be smeared every 2 hours. The sap and pulp of the plant has a pronounced drying and healing effect. Pain and burning with herpes disappear after the first treatment.

This is not a complete list of folk recipes that have been widely used in the treatment of herpes in children. All of the above are highly effective and affordable. However, it is recommended to consult a specialist before using them.

Vaccination against herpes

It is impossible to completely cure a child from herpes. Unfortunately, the infection remains in the body forever. Vaccination can reduce the number of relapses. The vaccine must contain an inactivated virus, the ingestion of which will cause an immune response in the child's body and activate protective mechanisms at the cellular level.

After vaccination, a persistent resistance to herpes infection will be formed in the child's body.

Children tolerate subcutaneous injections quite well. Recommended drugs: Vitagerpavac and Gerpovax do not cause side reactions and additional skin irritations. However, vaccination has a number of contraindications.

Gerpovaks Vitagerpavak

Indications and contraindications for vaccination for herpes

Herpes vaccine is indicated for children who have frequent relapses. The category of applicants includes young women with similar indicators who are planning a pregnancy in the near future.

Vaccination is advisable when the child does not have clinical manifestations of herpes, but the antibody titer to the virus is increased.

Among the contraindications for vaccination are noted:

• herpes in the active phase;
• concomitant diseases accompanied by an acute course;
• malignant tumors;
• pregnancy;
• intolerance to antibiotics.

Complications

Herpes vaccine does not have any complications. In very rare cases, children have a short-term fever and may feel mild sickness that lasts for several days.

Complications of herpes in children

Complications of herpes infection are very different. In some cases, they pose a serious threat to the health and life of children. They can manifest themselves as diseases with an independent course, which often lead to dysfunction of individual organs and even death.

The most common complications of herpes in children are:

• meningoencephalitis and encephalitis;
• epilepsy;
• Cerebral palsy in newborns;
• diseases of the visual organs;
• DIC syndrome;
• stomatitis;
• hepatic lesions, hepatitis;
• herpetic sore throat;
• glands.

Herpes in severe cases very often gives complications in which the nervous system is affected. Generalized forms of herpes infection in children are easily confused with other diseases, especially at an early stage of development. As a result, the process is delayed, and untimely treatment contributes to the development of complications.

Prevention of childhood herpes

Preventive measures against herpesvirus:

1. In maintaining personal hygiene and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. First of all, attention should be paid to the child's diet. Nutrition should be balanced. Eaten foods should contain a large amount of vitamins, minerals, protein compounds and carbohydrates.
2. It is important that the child leads an active lifestyle and is often outdoors. If the baby is prone to colds, then it is advisable to cure them as soon as possible. Thus, the development of relapses can be avoided.
3. It is advisable to protect children who have already had herpes from contact with infected and sick people.
4. Prevention of neonatal herpes involves identifying the infection in the mother and monitoring her health.
5. If a herpes infection develops up to 36 weeks, antiviral therapy is carried out before delivery. If the disease is discovered later, the mother will need a cesarean section.
6. The lactation period is very important for the prevention of childhood herpes: the longer a young mother breastfeeds her baby, the stronger his immunity will form.

Herpes in children is an infection caused by the herpes virus. This common disease presents the greatest danger to a child during intrauterine development, as well as in the first 1.5-2 years of life.

Symptoms

Signs of illness in children may depend on the type of virus. Each species has its own characteristics, for example:

• the main route of transmission of genital herpes is sexual. Young children may have become carriers by passing through the birth canal of an infected mother at birth;
• a type of herpes, called the Epstein-Barr virus, can lead to the development of infectious mononucleosis or cancerous tumors;
• the causative agent of shingles is the type of herpes Varicella-Zoster.

Herpes in children can have signs that are characteristic of several types of the disease:

• the prodromal period rarely makes it possible to understand that the child has herpes. Headaches and discomfort in high fever are similar to flu symptoms. As with this pathology, the child looks apathetic, loses his appetite;
• at the next stage, the virus manifests itself in the form of rashes and redness on various parts of the body. Itching occurs;
• gradually the itching intensifies and begins to be accompanied by painful sensations. At the site of the rash, vesicles appear - fluid-filled bubbles. In children, the area of ​​the vesicular rash is larger than in adults. With herpes gingivitis or stomatitis, not only the skin, but also the mucous membranes of the oral cavity are in the affected area.

Types of herpes

Herpetic rash, depending on the type of virus, appears on the tongue, on, on the back. Varieties of herpes in children and adults:

• - HSV (herpes simplex virus), or "cold", looks like a rash of bubbles on the lips;
• - HSV, which causes a rash on the genitals;
• Type 3 - the virus causes chickenpox, can recur in the form of shingles;
• - Epstein-Barr virus, provokes infectious mononucleosis and Burkitt's lymphoma;
• Type 5 - CMV (cytomegalovirus);
• - is the cause of sudden eczema in children (pseudo rubella);
• Type 7, type 8 - viruses that are now poorly understood.

Causes

Infection with the herpes virus in a child can be observed already in the first years of life. The disease has different routes of transmission. If close relatives are healthy, infection occurs during initial contact with a carrier of herpesvirus in a preschool, school, or public place. For a long time, herpes is in a passive state. Activation occurs under the influence of factors such as:

• overheating or hypothermia;
• improper nutrition;
• physical and mental stress for children;
• stressful situations;
• infections (in most cases it is ARVI).

The main thing is considered to be a decrease in immunity.

Treatment of herpes in children

Treatment of herpes in children at home with alternative medicine should be limited. It is necessary for the child to be examined by a doctor. Folk remedies can be used as an adjunct to a treatment course.

Which doctor treats

At the first symptoms of herpes in children, you need to contact your local pediatrician. If after the tests the diagnosis is confirmed, the pediatrician will also take care of the treatment.

Diagnostics

Diagnosing herpes begins with examining the mucous membranes and skin of children in the pediatrician's office.

With severe symptoms, laboratory tests may not be required, and treatment is prescribed immediately.

If it is necessary to clarify the diagnosis, the doctor prescribes:

• Immunoassay test. This is a blood test aimed at detecting the type of virus (qualitative test) and the amount of antibodies in the blood (quantitative test). If the level of the latter increased, the herpes virus became active.
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. For the study, materials from the skin or mucous membrane located in the affected area are used.
• Cultural method. It is allowed to identify the pathogen using a smear taken from the affected area. Viruses are sown on a nutrient medium. After a while, it becomes possible to establish their belonging to any type of herpes.

How to treat

Treatment for herpes may include:

• Antiherpetic and antiviral drugs. Forms of drug release - ointment, gel, injections, tablets. External treatment is least effective. In order to accumulate antiviral substances in the body, injections or pills are required. The most effective drugs include: Acyclovir, Gerpevir, Zovirax.
• Immunostimulating agents. Necessary to maintain and strengthen the child's immunity. The pediatrician can prescribe Groprinosin, Immunal.
• Vitamin therapy. Also aims to support the immune system. The patient will benefit from a tincture of eleutherococcus, with which you can relieve emotional and physical stress. The tincture strengthens the immune system and increases the overall tone of the body. The patient needs to take vitamins of group B and C.
• Antihistamines. They are prescribed for extensive skin lesions and severe itching. An example of such medicines can be: Cetrin, Erius, Claritin.
• Antipyretic drugs. They are prescribed for chickenpox, infectious mononucleosis and roseola, when the child's body temperature rises above 38 ° C.

Folk remedies

Unconventional recipes for external use are suitable for children:

• aloe or Kalanchoe juice compress. A clean piece of tissue should be moistened with plant juice and applied to the affected area for 20-30 minutes;
• garlic ointment. To prepare the drug, you need to take 3 cloves of medium-sized garlic, 1 tsp. honey and 1 tbsp. l. ash. The ingredients must be mixed using a mixer. The ointment is applied to the affected area for 15-20 minutes. Parents are required to ensure that the medication does not cause burns or irritation. For the first application, it is enough to apply the ointment for 5-10 minutes and check the skin reaction;
• lemon balm compress. 1 tbsp. l. plants need to be poured with 1 glass of boiling water. The broth should be infused and cool to room temperature. The compress is applied for 30-40 minutes. The broth is suitable for internal use. A lemon balm drink should be consumed 100-200 g 3 times a day 20-30 minutes before meals. The treatment course lasts 10-15 days.

Prophylaxis

Prevention is necessary for both healthy babies and those children who have already become carriers of the virus. Parents are obliged to teach the child the rules of personal hygiene: wash their hands before eating, use only their own things, etc. Children should not come into contact with infected peers or relatives.

Herpes in a child's blood will not harm him if the immunity is strong enough.

Children need a balanced diet. Twice a year, in spring and autumn, it is necessary to carry out vitamin therapy. The local pediatrician should choose the most suitable drugs for this.

Children need to be protected from the factors that activate the virus. The child should not be hypothermic or overheated, have the flu, or be stressed. You should refuse additional loads, for example, the simultaneous attendance of several circles. In this case, it is advisable to involve children in sports. Moderate physical activity increases the body's stamina and strengthens the immune system.

Complications and consequences

It is more difficult for a child's body to fight a virus than an adult. In the absence of timely treatment, herpes in a child's nerve nodes can have consequences in the form of complications on the central nervous system, resulting in depressive disorders and schizophrenia. Disruptions in the functioning of internal organs become grave consequences.

Herpes on the eye (ophthalmic herpes) with complications leads to iridocyclitis, keratitis and other eye diseases.

With the defeat of herpes ENT organs in children, hearing decreases or deafness occurs, herpetic sore throat may occur. The virus is also dangerous for the reproductive system. In the future, it can lead to infertility.

The opinion of Dr. Komarovsky

According to Dr. Komarovsky, the herpes simplex virus occurs in 65-90% of the world's population. By the age of six, 80% of children are infected. The course of the disease depends on the state of the defense system: the stronger the immunity, the less frequent the manifestations of the disease will be. In many children, the virus is inactive and does not pose a threat to life and health.

Herpes, cutaneous manifestations of herpes - what you need to know? Advice to parents - Union of Pediatricians of Russia.

What to do with herpes? Children's doctor.

Herpes - School of Doc. Komarovsky - Inter

When vesicles appear in children on the face, cheek, abdomen, hands, parents should take their son or daughter to a specialist, and in the future follow all the doctor's instructions. Dr. Komarovsky strongly discourages self-medication.

Herpes is a dangerous viral disease. In the absence of proper treatment, it affects the nervous system and internal organs. Most often, the herpes virus is found in the blood of babies who have reached the age of two years. Timely diagnosis and the correct approach to therapy will help prevent the development of complications.

Features of the disease in childhood

The herpes virus is considered one of the most common problems faced by parents of babies. The younger the child is, the more harm the infection can cause to his body. Only after reaching 5 years in the human body begin to produce antibodies that resist the harmful effects of the virus.

The infection is localized in the nerve ganglia. Because of this, it is difficult to treat. Strong antiviral drugs fail to reach viruses. They fight only with those of them that come to the surface and become the cause of the manifestation of unpleasant symptoms.

Herpes in a child leads to a weakening of the protective functions of the body. Because of this, the infection contributes to the development of complications. With proper therapy, the process can be contained and transferred to a latent state. The virus lives for years in the human body, not showing itself in any way. It is impossible to completely cope with the disease.

In newborns, this problem is rare. With the mother's milk, the baby also receives antibodies that resist the disease. After a year of life, the body is most susceptible to infection. Therefore, during this period, parents need to monitor compliance with preventive measures. If an adult is a carrier of the virus, then when communicating with a child, he should wear a gauze bandage, not kiss the baby, wash his hands as often as possible and observe hygiene.

Varieties of the disease

Today, scientists know for certain about the existence of 80 types of herpes. 8 of them are especially dangerous to humans. Depending on the characteristics of the pathogen, the following types of disease are distinguished:

• Herpes type 1 or simple. Rashes often appear on the lips, nose, oral mucosa, fingers. The incubation period ranges from three days to several weeks.
• Herpes type 2 or HSV The disease affects the genitals. In a child, this form of infection is rare. Infection occurs during the passage of the fetus through the birth canal. In boys, characteristic rashes appear on the head of the penis, and in girls, on the mucous surface of the labia.
• Herpes 3 types. This infection in children is caused by the herpes virus varicella zoster. The disease is often referred to as chickenpox. If the child is vaccinated, then the disease is mild. In some cases, the infection ends with shingles.
• Herpes type 4. After the Epstein-Barr virus enters the body of a child, mononucleosis develops. In this case, there is a serious damage to the lymphatic system. The body's immune system suffers greatly. An accurate diagnosis in such a situation can be made only after laboratory diagnostics. Epstein-Barr virus is detected in 50% of cases. If its concentration in the blood is not high, then the symptoms do not appear.
• Herpes type 5. This type of infection is more common in children as young as 2 years old. The disease develops against the background of cytomegalovirus entering the body. The incubation period is one to two months. At first, the symptoms are completely absent. In this case, the child becomes a carrier of the infection. He is dangerous to others. Because of this, outbreaks of infection often occur in kindergartens, where children are in close contact with each other.
• Herpes type 6 in children. It becomes the cause of rosea or exanthema. Sometimes this problem is called pseudo-rubella. It is accompanied by the appearance of small pink bubbles on the skin. If you press lightly on them, they become pale. At the beginning, the symptomatology of the problem misleads doctors, since it strongly resembles ARVI. Only after the appearance of rashes is it possible to more accurately determine the diagnosis. The infection does not pose a danger to the child and is easily tolerated.
• Herpes 7 and 8 types. These infections have been identified quite recently. They are still little studied, but it has already been proven that these types of viruses lead to the development of a symptom of chronic fatigue, depression, and in severe cases to cancer.

The most common viruses are types 1 and 2. The doctor can determine exactly the therapy program only after carrying out diagnostic measures. Sometimes experts recommend not to treat the virus at all, it goes into a latent form on its own.

Read also on the topic

Causes and treatment of herpes in the lower back

The main routes of infection

The main reason for the development of herpes is the ingestion of the virus. Experts identify several ways of infection:

• With direct contact with a sick person. In this way, the herpes simplex virus HSV1 is more often transmitted. It hides in the body for a long time. Under certain circumstances, it is activated and characteristic symptoms appear.
• During contact with infected household items. The virus is quite tenacious and remains viable for a long time outside the human body. Therefore, it is extremely important that the child does not use other people's hygiene items, towels, bedding, toys, and so on.
• Herpes in children can appear after a transfusion of poor-quality blood or complex medical procedures.
• Some types of herpes are transmitted to the baby at the stage of intrauterine development from an infected mother. The virus crosses the placental barrier.
• The herpes virus in a child can also appear during childbirth. It is transmitted from a sick mother during the passage of the fetus through the birth canal.

Before proceeding with the treatment of the disease, it is necessary to determine the cause of its occurrence and eliminate it. Otherwise, re-infection will occur, and the concentration of viruses in the baby's blood will increase.

The disease is especially dangerous during pregnancy, as it can provoke complications during childbirth and even miscarriage. Therefore, expectant mothers need to carefully monitor their health.

What factors provoke the recurrence of the disease?

Herpes in children can be latent for a long time. The factors that provoke the active multiplication of viruses and the appearance of characteristic symptoms include:

• Cold. The immune system, which is not yet fully formed, is throwing all its strength into restoring health, which makes it possible for the herpervirus to go on the offensive.
• Poor nutrition. If there are not enough vegetables, berries and fruits in the baby's diet, there is a deficiency of vitamins. As a result, the protective functions of the body are weakened.
• Overheat. This often happens when traveling to hot countries or during a long stay on the beach.
• Exacerbation of chronic diseases.

The reappearance of viral herpes in children is possible at any age. Strict adherence to all prevention rules will help to avoid this.

Symptoms

Depending on the type of disease, herpes manifests itself in different ways. The only similar symptom is characteristic rashes. They have different texture, localization and shade.

Signs of type 1 disease

Herpes of the first type is characterized by the appearance of small blisters. They are concentrated in groups and localized in the lip area. The following symptoms of the problem are noted:

• Severe itching and burning appears in the affected area.
• The lips become unnaturally red and swollen.
• The temperature rises with herpes rarely. In some cases, it stops at 38 degrees.
• Lymph nodes increase in size.
• The child feels tired, often naughty, constantly wants to sleep.

The bubbles burst a couple of days after they appear. The liquid that is in them flows out. At this moment, the child is dangerous to others. Therefore, for the duration of treatment, he cannot be taken to school, kindergarten and other places of large gatherings of people.

Symptoms of the second type of disease

Infection with herpervirus of the second type occurs during the intrauterine development of the baby or his passage through the birth canal. In some cases, the infection is transmitted in the household. In this case, the following symptoms appear:

• Rash localized in the genital area.
• A slight increase in body temperature.
• The genitals swell, their shade changes.

The duration of the illness is ten days on average. In especially severe cases, it can go up to a month.

Manifestations of type 3 infection

The incubation period of the disease (chickenpox) is about three weeks. After this, the following symptoms appear:

• An increase in body temperature up to 40 degrees.
• Severe headaches.
• A rash appears on the face and body.
• The bubbles that form strongly itch and cause severe discomfort to the baby.

In this case, the baby becomes a carrier of the infection, so it must be isolated from everyone who has not had chickenpox. On average, therapy will take about two weeks.

Signs of the fourth type of herpes

Such herpes in a child is often manifested by mononucleosis. This problem is not dangerous, but its therapy will take a long time. It is characterized by the following manifestations:

• Lethargy, fatigue, weakness.
• The appearance of a strong dry cough.
• Pain in muscles and joints.
• An increase in the size of the lymph nodes.
• Pain in the larynx when swallowing.
• The liver and spleen may enlarge.

The widespread spread of the herpes virus has led to the fact that the first encounter with it occurs in childhood. Often, after infection, the infection does not manifest itself in any way, it goes into a latent form. But sometimes herpes infection in children occurs with a vivid clinical picture and signs of damage to various organs.

Infection mechanism

The source of infection is always a person. The most dangerous contact with a patient in an acute period, when characteristic rashes appear on the lips or body. The liquid in them contains a large number of viruses. It is also possible to get infected from a person without visible signs of herpes infection: sometimes its course is latent, without obvious symptoms.

Transmission is carried out mainly through saliva... It is realized through the airborne droplet, contact and household. The virus can pass from the mother in utero or during childbirth.

If a woman had contact with the virus before pregnancy, then she has antibodies that protect the newborn baby from infection. By about a year, but more often after the end of breastfeeding, the protection of maternal immunity is weakened. Upon contact with the virus, the child becomes infected, but clinical manifestations of the disease are often absent. Only when immunity is weakened, the virus is activated in the form of:

• rashes on the lips;
• genital lesions;
• herpes eye infection;
• skin manifestations;
• herpesvirus encephalitis;
• herpes of internal organs.

The disease is acute, abortive or recurrent. Regardless of the type of disease, the virus lays in the body for life. An exacerbation occurs in the form of fresh rashes that appear in the same place or become more severe. The manifestations of herpes infection depend on the degree of suppression of immunity. The rise in the incidence is observed in the autumn-winter season.

A feature of pathology in children is that the spread of the virus inside the body can occur not only along the nerve processes, but also in the hematogenous way. Relapse is as severe or as severe as the acute primary infection.

Symptoms

The clinical picture differs depending on the location and prevalence of the virus.

Local

Symptoms of herpes infection in young children develop more often in the form of pathology of the oral mucosa, less often - the skin of the nose, conjunctiva. In a sick child 2-3 years old, herpes in the mouth is characterized by signs of general poisoning of the body. The disease develops with a sudden rise in temperature to 39-40 degrees, the appearance of weakness, weakness. The child becomes moody, overexcited, may refuse to eat. Bad breath appears.

When viewed on the red and edematous skin of the mouth, tonsils, palate, small bubbles may form. Inside them there is a liquid that gradually becomes cloudy. The rash quickly bursts, erosion remains in its place, which forms large foci of inflammation. Groups or single lymph nodes may also enlarge. The temperature lasts up to 3 days, and the rash disappears within 2 weeks.

In childhood, skin lesions occur at the site of the introduction of the virus. Before the appearance of pathological elements, the skin begins to itch, burn and ache. Then small bubbles are found, filled with transparent or pinkish contents. They are able to combine into one large multi-chamber bubble. Elements of the rash are located more often around the red border of the lips, on the wings of the nose, rarely on the ears. The general state of health with localized variants is not disturbed. If the rash is extensive, the temperature may rise.

In place of the bubbles, erosion forms, then a crust, which gradually heals. But in its place, pigmentation can persist for a long time.

Generalized

If the infection is widespread, then this greatly affects the condition of the sick person. Symptoms of intoxication appear, body temperature rises. The child is worried about muscle pain, he says that he has a headache. The rash on the body can be located in different places, often where there was contact with the patient's saliva. The lymph nodes closest to herpetic eruptions increase... In some cases, the liver is enlarged.

The generalized form can be observed in young children with a particular predisposition to skin diseases and insufficient immunity. This is observed with neurodermatitis, dermatitis, eczema.

Skin defects become the entry point for the virus. This infection is especially difficult. The general condition is disturbed, symptoms of intoxication are expressed. The foci of rashes merge into continuous erosion, which is covered with a single crust. After healing, pink smooth skin forms in its place. In severe cases, the growth layer of the skin is damaged, so scars form at the site of the rash.

Generalized herpes is dangerous due to the possibility of transition to the visceral form. In this case, the internal organs and the nervous system are affected. The child's condition is extremely grave, the temperature is about 40 degrees, he does not get off well. There is a functional disorder of the organs damaged by the virus. This form is often fatal.

Genital

Herpes affection of the external genital organs occurs in childhood when using common washcloths, towels with adults who have rashes on the genitals. In girls, herpetic vesicles appear on the perineum, labia majora, inner thighs. There will be no rashes on the vaginal mucosa. In boys, the scrotum, foreskin, and urethra are affected. In this case, the genitals swell and become red. Children are worried about pain and itching. The development of the elements of the rash follows the usual pattern. Genital herpes in children often tends to recur.

Hematogenous

The nervous system is affected by hematogenous spread of the virus. The infection manifests itself in the form of encephalitis or meningitis. After a viral brain injury, persistent neurological disorders often remain.

Congenital

Congenital herpes is difficult. The child becomes infected with it even in utero. If this happens early, the pregnancy may end on its own. In the 2nd and 3rd trimester, the clinical picture of intrauterine infection develops. Children are born with damage to the eyes, skin, liver. Even with high-quality treatment, the likelihood of developing complications and irreversible changes, for example, chorioretinitis and microphthalmia, is high.

Treatment in children

The approach to therapy depends on the severity of the infection, the time of infection, and the age of the child. Treatment of herpes infection in children involves an integrated approach.

• balanced diet;
• drinking a lot of fluids;
• airing the room, walking on the street.

Drug therapy is aimed at suppressing the replication of the virus and making the child feel better..

Antiviral agents are used in various forms of release. It can be tablets, ointments, patches. Acyclovir is the most commonly used drug. The dose is selected individually depending on the weight and condition of the child.

Immunocorrection is carried out with preparations of gamma globulin, histaglobin, T-activin, Dekaris. Their use takes place only under the supervision of a physician.

Local treatment is carried out with Acyclovir, the ointment is applied to the affected areas several times a day. Proteolytic enzymes Lysozyme, Chymotrypsin are effective for cleansing erosions from necrotic masses.

After the healing begins, keratoplasty helps to improve the condition of the skin. These are oil solutions of vitamins A, E, Shostakovich's balm, Solcoseryl.

From the first days of the disease, physiotherapy is prescribed: laser or ultraviolet irradiation. The duration of the procedures and the number of sessions are determined by the physiotherapist.

Prevention of infection and relapse

After the main treatment, anti-relapse serum can be used to prevent exacerbation. It is prescribed after the symptoms of an acute illness have been removed in combination with interferon inducers (Ridostin).

Non-specific prophylaxis consists in maintaining general immunity. The child needs to eat right, it is enough to walk in the fresh air. It is better to avoid contact with patients with acute herpes, especially infants.

If the mother develops primary herpes during pregnancy, then treatment is necessary to exclude intrauterine infection.

Women with rashes on their lips after childbirth should not kiss a newborn. Remembering that some carriers of the infection can shed the virus asymptomatically, you need to beware of close contact with strangers, both a small child and an expectant mother.