Road traffic is the same for everyone - for children and adults. Travel "traps" are dangerous for both children and adults. "Rules road traffic"One for all. But they are written in "adult" language, without any reckoning on children, therefore it is very important, without distorting the content, to explain the traffic rules to the child in an accessible way. The use of non-existent terms and concepts, or the use of one instead of the other. In an effort to convey the content of the Rules intelligibly to children, some teachers and authors of manuals turn to children in the so-called "children's" language, consisting of diminutive nouns and other words and expressions that caress the ear. This not only does not make the Rules understandable, but also distorts the real picture of traffic. Do not address preschoolers with so-called "childish" language: a typewriter, a track, etc. Communication should be partnership, involving the conversation of equal people.
Funny pictures attract children, delight and entertain them, but at the same time distract from the main task - to see the danger on the road and the opportunity to avoid it.
SPEAK RIGHT
| Wrong | Right |
| a car | vehicle (car, bus, etc.) |
| road | carriageway |
| chauffeur | driver |
| footpath | crosswalk |
| "Light" and "color" of traffic lights " | Traffic light signal |
| Red - "stop", green - "go" | "Red -" stop ", green -" Make sure you are safe and go " |
KNOWING THE OLD RULES
Go around the tram in the front, the bus in the back.
This rule has long been outdated and does not save, but on the contrary, creates an emergency situation, since when a pedestrian exits from the back and front of the vehicle, neither the driver nor the pedestrian see each other, and a collision occurs. The order of crossing the carriageway of the road is strictly stipulated by the Traffic Rules, and it is not associated with bypassing the route transport! A tram or bus bypass was last mentioned in the "Rules for the movement of transport and pedestrians" in 1958! But then it was allowed to bypass these vehicles only in the places established for pedestrians!
RULE: Wait until the vehicle leaves or walk to the nearest pedestrian crossing, where the road is clearly visible in both directions. When crossing the street, look to the left, and when you reach the middle, look to the right This rule creates dangerous situation, because the behavior of a child in the middle of the roadway is unpredictable: being frightened by a vehicle, he may step forward or backward and be under the wheels.
RULE: Before crossing the road, stop, look in both directions and, after making sure of safety, cross the road with a brisk step strictly at a right angle, constantly monitoring the situation. Red traffic light - "stop", yellow - "ready", green - "go." These are traffic light signals for transport.
RULE: Red signal of a pedestrian traffic light - prohibiting. The green signal of the pedestrian traffic light is permissive, but before entering the carriageway, you must make sure that all cars have stopped. If you don't have time to cross the road, stop at a safety island or in the middle of the road.
Do not play by the road or by the road, but play in the yard of your house.
RULE: leaving (without running out of the entrance, be careful and careful, as a car can move along the entrances, the courtyard driveway (and often at high speed). Play on specially designated playgrounds. Use to show old road signs on a yellow background.
"If you didn't have time to cross the road, stop at the" safety island "or in the middle of the road."
ADVICE: The “safety island” in the traffic rules no longer exists. It is necessary to calculate the crossing so as not to stop in the middle of the road and cross the carriageway in one step. But, if you have already got into such a situation, then stand in the middle of the road, on the center line dividing traffic flows in opposite directions, or on a "guiding island", do not take a step forward or backward, without assessing the situation so that the driver has time to make a decision how best to go around you.
ADVICE: in the classroom on traffic rules, use more modern visual material and a situational teaching method.
ADVICE: carefully review methodological literature on traffic rules, paying attention to poems, riddles in which the child talks about the rules for crossing the carriageway, reading poems about traffic signals for a vehicle.
Red - wait
Yellow - wait
Come green!
Use in colloquial speech"Color" or "Light" traffic light
ADVICE: Clearly articulate “Pedestrian traffic light signals. Cross the street only with an adult, mom or dad, holding the hand tightly.
ADVICE: Teach children and parents to cross the street, holding the child by the wrist.
ADVICE: The terms "pedestrian path" and "pedestrian crossing", "parking" and "stop", which have independent meaning, should not be confused. The use of non-existent concepts leads to a distortion in the understanding of the requirements of traffic rules.
ADVICE: correctly explain the meaning of the road sign "Children", which does not at all provide for crossing the road exactly at the place of its installation, but only informs the driver that children may suddenly appear on the road, because near a school, Kindergarten or other institution, and the unexpected appearance of children on the road is possible.
ADVICE: Start familiarizing preschoolers with signs that are relevant to young road users.
But why why why
Was the traffic light green?
And because, because, because,
That he was in love with life.© Zinoviev N.N.
A traffic light (from Russian light and Greek φορός - "carrier") is an optical device that carries light information. We all know from childhood that traffic signals are red, yellow and green, and sometimes blue and moon-white. Red light prohibits movement, yellow light is usually a warning signal that attracts attention, and green, blue and white signals allow movement. Why are these colors used in traffic lights to control traffic around the world?
In 1868, English inventor John Peak Knight proposed using a device similar to a railroad semaphore to regulate traffic in London near the British Parliament. During the day, the signals "stop" and "move with caution" were indicated by arrows that could take different positions, and in evening time for the same purposes, a rotating gas lantern was used, with the help of which, respectively, red and green signals were supplied.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the first electric traffic lights began to be installed in America, first with two signals - red and green, and then a yellow signal was added to them. In the USSR, the first traffic light was installed in 1930, but instead of the usual green signal, then blue was used. In addition, until 1959, when the USSR joined the International Convention on Road Traffic and the Protocol on road signs and signals, the traffic light colors were in reverse order - the top was green and the bottom was red.
Of course, these traffic light colors were not chosen by chance. The choice was influenced by several factors, one of which is the psychology of human perception. different colors... Red is traditionally considered a warning of danger, and green, on the contrary, is the color of life and tranquility.
But one of the main reasons for this choice of colors is the dependence of the degree of light scattering on its wavelength. According to Rayleigh's law, the degree of light scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength. This means that short-wave radiation - blue and violet - is scattered more strongly. And red, as a color with a longer wavelength, will therefore be visible from a greater distance. Obviously, the most important is the warning of danger and prevention emergency situations, therefore, the stop signal is indicated in red. For the same reason (the degree of scattering), the blue signal, as having a shorter wavelength and scattering more strongly, gave way to green.
Surprisingly, in Japan, a green traffic light is called blue. The fact is that when the first street traffic lights appeared in Japan, the signals in them were red, yellow and blue flowers... Over time, the blue lenses of traffic lights were replaced by green ones, but the custom of calling the traffic permitting signal “blue” remained. Peculiarity Japanese is that, therefore, many green objects are called blue by the Japanese.
At first glance, traffic signals are all very simple and we all know them from childhood. Red - stop, yellow - get ready, green - go. This is a very simple rule. In this article, we will take a deeper look at this rule and find all the pitfalls hidden in traffic signals. The most interesting will be the signals that are in the additional section of the traffic light and what signals there may be in this section. We will consider Chapter 6 of the Rules of the Road in terms of regulating traffic through an intersection with traffic signals.
6.1. Traffic lights use light signals of green, yellow, red and white-lunar colors.
Depending on the purpose, traffic signals can be round, in the form of an arrow (arrows), a silhouette of a pedestrian or a bicycle, and X-shaped.
Traffic lights with round signals can have one or two additional sections with signals in the form of a green arrow (arrows), which are located at the level of the green round signal.
Traffic signals of a white-moon color, in the form of a silhouette of a pedestrian or a bicycle, and X-shaped signals will not be considered within the framework of this article.
6.2. Round traffic signals have the following meanings:
- Green signal allows movement;
- A green flashing signal permits movement and informs that its duration will expire and a prohibition signal will soon be turned on (digital displays can be used to inform drivers about the time in seconds remaining until the end of the green signal);
- A yellow signal prohibits movement, except as provided for in clause 6.14 of the Rules, and warns of an impending change of signals;
- A yellow flashing signal allows movement and informs about the presence of an unregulated intersection or pedestrian crossing, warns of danger;
- A red signal, including a blinking one, prohibits movement.
The combination of red and yellow signals prohibits movement and informs about the upcoming turning on of the green signal.
This paragraph of the SDA describes round traffic signals. The most common traffic light, which is most often found on the roads.
6.3. Traffic signals in the form of arrows in red, yellow and green have the same meaning as the round signals of the corresponding color, but their effect only applies to the direction (s) indicated by the arrows. In this case, the arrow, allowing a left turn, also allows a U-turn, if this is not prohibited by the corresponding road sign.
The green arrow in the additional section has the same meaning. The off signal of the additional section means the prohibition of movement in the direction regulated by this section.
The first thing you should pay attention to is that the signals are made in the form of arrows, i.e. the arrow is the signal. The signal is not circular. Traffic signals with a contour arrow do not fit this definition and clause 6.3 of the SDA is not applicable to them.
The second important point, traffic signals made in the form of arrows regulate only indicated directions. For example, if the red arrow to the right is lit, then movement is prohibited only to the right, movement straight ahead, turn left and U-turn are not regulated by this signal.
Similarly, with the signal of the green arrow, but only on condition that the arrow is in the main section of the traffic light. It is very simple to determine, for example, at night, whether this is the main section of the traffic light or the additional one - if the section is additional, then any signal must be on in the main section of the traffic light, if there are no other signals besides the arrow, then this means that the arrow is in the main section.
6.4. If a black outline arrow (arrows) is marked on the main green traffic light, it informs drivers about the presence of an additional section of the traffic light and indicates other permitted directions of movement than the signal of the additional section.
This clause describes the purpose of the traffic light outline arrow. We see that the contour arrow can be drawn only in the main section, and only on the green signal of the traffic light and, unlike the signal in the form of an arrow, the contour arrow allows movement only in the indicated directions. In other directions, traffic is prohibited.
At this point, we could finish our material, if not for one very common situation in practice. We often see a traffic light with the following signal:
Before us is a traffic light with an additional section and a round signal. It would seem that according to clause 6.3 it is forbidden to move in the direction regulated by this section.
But let's figure it out:
- According to clause 6.2, a round green signal permits movement in all directions, clause 6.3 regulates traffic signals made in the form of arrows, in this case clause 6.3 is not applicable.
- The additional section may not be visible at night, and traffic signals may not have different meaning depending on the time of day.
- We do not know the direction regulated by the additional section, we only know that it is "different" from the signal in the main section, and in the main section we have a green signal that allows movement in all directions,
- An additional section may not contain a traffic signal at all, but be used, for example, for a timer.
Thus, with a given traffic signal, in accordance with clause 6.2, traffic is allowed in all directions, unless otherwise prohibited by signs or markings.
MIA response Let's summarize:
- The round traffic signal extends to all directions,
- The traffic light signal made in the form of an arrow in the main section applies only to the indicated direction and does not regulate movement in other directions,
- The traffic signal made in the form of an arrow in the additional section applies only to the indicated direction and prohibits movement in other directions,
- A round traffic light signal on which a contour arrow is applied extends only to the indicated direction and prohibits movement in other directions.
And this is how the TV show “Main Road” on NTV sees the situation.
You are dear to you without obstacles!
Today it is very difficult to imagine traffic rules without the main tool for ordering traffic, which is a traffic light. It is designed to regulate and facilitate both car and pedestrian traffic. Distinguish between different traffic signals, depending on their function. Although they are similar to each other, they have certain nuances that must be remembered.
Traffic light: definition
A traffic light is an optical signaling device that is designed to regulate the movement of cars, bicycles and other Vehicle as well as pedestrians. It is used in all world states without exception.
Interesting! Previously, there was no green light in traffic lights in Japan. It was replaced by blue. But scientists have proven that green is more acceptable to human eyes.
Types of traffic lights
The most common are three-color traffic lights with round signals: red, yellow and green. Traffic rules in some countries require the use of orange traffic signals instead of yellow ones. Signals can be placed both vertically and horizontally. If no other special traffic lights or additional sections are provided, then they regulate the movement of all types of transport, as well as pedestrians. Next we will consider different kinds traffic lights, from everyday to special ones.
Classic three-section traffic light
Such a traffic light has, as a rule, three colors, arranged in order: red, yellow, green - from top to bottom or from left to right. Such traffic lights are installed at intersections. They are designed for the simultaneous passage of all types of transport in all directions permitted by traffic rules. They are also installed at regulated pedestrian crossings located between intersections. It is allowed to install such a traffic light at a railway crossing in settlements, at the intersection of the road with tram lines, in front of the bike path and roadway. They can also be seen where there is a narrowing of the carriageway to allow oncoming traffic alternately.
Interesting fact!The first three-section traffic light was installed in Detroit in 1920.
Two-piece
Traffic lights with two sections are used to regulate the flow of traffic on the territories of industrial enterprises and organizations, as well as during the narrowing of the carriageway to organize a single-lane reverse traffic flow.
Single-section traffic light with yellow light
This one-color traffic light is found at unregulated intersections and pedestrian crossings.
Traffic lights with additional section
Traffic lights can be equipped with additional sectional sections with arrows or arrow contours. They regulate the movement of traffic in one direction or another. Such traffic lights work, according to traffic rules, as follows: the outline of the arrows on all signals of a conventional three-color traffic light means that its action extends only in one indicated direction.
An additional section of a traffic light with a green arrow on a black background, according to traffic rules, allows passage, but does not provide advantages during the crossing. Sometimes you can see the always burning green signal, which is made in the form of a plate with a solid green arrow. This means, according to the traffic rules, that the turn is allowed, despite the prohibiting traffic signals.
Such traffic lights are installed in those places where it is necessary to organize conflict-free traffic at intersections. If a green light comes on at one of these traffic lights, then, crossing the intersection, you can not give way. To avoid emergency situations, personal traffic lights are placed above each lane, which show the direction of movement that is allowed from a particular lane.
Reversible traffic lights
To regulate traffic on the lanes of the carriageway, reversible traffic lights are used. These are special strip control knobs. At such traffic lights, from two to three signals can be placed: a red signal in the form of the letter "X" prohibits movement on a specific lane. Arrow Green colour, which is directed down, on the contrary, allows movement. A diagonal yellow arrow signals that the lane mode has been changed and shows in which direction you need to leave it.
Traffic lights to regulate traffic across a pedestrian crossing
Usually such traffic lights have only two types of signals: the first one permits, the second one prohibits. As a rule, they correspond to green and red. The signals themselves can be of different shapes. Often they are depicted as a stylized silhouette of a person: standing red and walking green. For example, in America, the prohibitory signal is carried out in the form of a raised red palm, which means “stop”. Sometimes the inscriptions are used: red "stop" and green "walk". In other countries, respectively, in other languages.
On highways with busy traffic, traffic lights with automatic switching are installed. But there are times when you can switch the traffic light by pressing a special button, which allows you to cross the road for a certain time. For convenience, modern traffic lights are equipped with a digital time display. For blind people, sound devices are mounted in traffic lights.
To regulate the movement of trams
Tram traffic lights, as a rule, are placed in front of areas with limited visibility, long ups and downs, at the tram depot and in front of the switches. Tram signals are of two types: green and red. They are installed either to the right of the tracks, or they are hung in the center above the contact wire. Basically, such traffic lights notify tram drivers whether the path is busy further or not. They do not regulate the movement of other vehicles and are purely individual. Their work is built automatically.
Traffic lights: driving rules
Round flashing lights mean the following: a static green signal permits the movement of vehicles or pedestrians, and a flashing green signal of a traffic light means that a prohibitory signal will light up soon, but for the time being, movement is allowed.
Interesting fact!Residents of large cities in general spend about six months of their lives waiting for a permitting traffic signal.
What does a yellow traffic light mean? It warns that the prohibiting signal will be replaced by a permissive one or vice versa, and prohibits movement for the duration of its action. A flashing yellow traffic light means that the section of the road on which this traffic light is located is not regulated. If it is located at an intersection and operates in this mode, then the intersection is unregulated. Drivers are guided by those articles of the traffic rules, which stipulate the passage of unregulated intersections. A static and flashing red signal prohibits movement in any direction.
Red and yellow traffic light signals lit at the same time indicate that it is forbidden to move further, and the green light will light up soon. The white-moon traffic signal informs that the signaling is in good order and you can continue driving. Such traffic lights are installed on tram and railway tracks.
Traffic light signals, which are in the form of arrows, mean the following: red, yellow and green arrows mean the same as round signals, only they act in a certain direction. An arrow that points to the left also permits a U-turn, if this does not prohibit the corresponding traffic sign next in priority.
The green arrow of the additional section has a similar meaning. If this signal is off, or the red outline is on, it means that movement in this direction is prohibited. If the main green signal has a black outline arrow, then this means that there are other directions of movement besides those indicated by the additional section.
What is more important: a sign, traffic light or markings?
Traffic rules imply the following priority: the main one is the traffic controller, then the traffic light, then the sign and then the markings. The signals of the traffic controller are more important than traffic signals and the requirements of road signs. They are mandatory. All traffic signals, except for the flashing yellow, are more significant than traffic signs. All road users are obliged to follow the instructions of the traffic controller, even if they contradict traffic lights, signs and markings.
The German capital has a traffic light with thirteen signals. It is not so easy to immediately understand his testimony.
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Red means "stop", green means "go", yellow means "hurry up and turn on this damn green!" Why these colors? Why not cyan, magenta and brown, for example?
The answer to this question, as it turned out, was a little confusing, but there was still a certain meaning in it. The earliest traffic lights appeared for drivers, not motorists. They consisted of red and green barriers that were lowered in front of a gas lamp, which was quite dangerous in the event of a leak.
Red came from the train tracks
Red symbolizes danger in many cultures, which is scientifically explained as follows: its light wave is the longest among all visible colors spectrum. This means that you will be able to see such a signal from the greatest possible distance. Thus, red meant stop long before the advent of automobiles. Ever since it replaced mechanical "wings" that rise and fall to signal if the path is clear. So, with this sorted out, it is not that difficult.
Green primarily means "Attention!"
But the role of green signals has changed over time. Green has a shorter wavelength of light and immediately follows yellow in the visible spectrum. This means that it can be seen from a greater distance than any color other than red or yellow. In the days of the first railway traffic lights, green meant "Attention!", And permission to go was given to white people. But the driver needs much more time to stop the train than the driver of the car. And after a few major disasters the collision of trains occurred due to the fact that the driver confused the bright light of the star with the signal "The road is free", only two colors remained in operation: red and green.
Yellow stands for Attention because it is almost as visible as red
With the advent of cars until the mid-90s, not all stop signals were red, some were yellow. It was decided to do so for the reason that at night in poorly lit areas it was difficult for drivers to notice the light that barely escaped from the red filter. Long time only used yellow to indicate the need to stop. It began in Detroit in 1915, the city that installed the first electric amber-colored traffic light five years later.
But what happened to original meaning yellow signal? With the advent of electricity and new opportunities, the need to use it as a stop signal instead of red has disappeared. Therefore, the color remained as a warning sign to prepare.
