Interesting Facts about physics, a natural school science, will allow you to learn the most ordinary, at first glance, processes from an unusual side.
A drop of rain weighs more than a mosquito. But the hairs, which are located on the surface of the insect’s body, practically do not transmit impulse from the drop to the mosquito. Therefore, the insect survives even in heavy rain. Another factor contributes to this. The collision of water with a mosquito occurs on a loose surface. Therefore, if the blow falls on the center of the insect, it falls with a drop for some time, and then quickly frees itself. If the rain falls off-center, the mosquito's trajectory deviates slightly.
Interesting facts about the atom
Splitting atoms is not only a chemical process, in some cases it can be a human hobby. And there is an example of this from Sweden - a man (apparently having nothing better to do) set up a mini-laboratory in his small kitchen in the form of " nuclear reactor"And there, in fact, he carried out such simple experiments, investing only less than $1000 in this exciting expedition.
Interesting factors about temperature.
Did you know that man was able to create incredible things for a living organism? high temperature-4 billion degrees Celsius? And this, so that you can navigate, is 250 times more than the temperature of the solar core!
Interesting facts about light.
Light has zero mass but has enormous kinetic energy, exerting pressure on any object it illuminates. This amazing ability Designers are trying to use light to move satellites in space.
Interesting fact about thunderstorms .
Not everyone knows why you can’t swim during a thunderstorm.Since water is an excellent conductor of electricity, thanks to various mineral salts dissolved in it, the likelihood of being struck by lightning is quite high. If water is distilled, then, on the contrary, it will turn into a dielectric.
An interesting fact about the operation of the elevator.
Anyone has ridden in an elevator at least once in their life. And many people thought about what to do if he started falling from a height. Most would conclude that there was no chance of survival under such circumstances. Or that at the moment of impact you need to jump. In fact, it is impossible to calculate this time. But if you make sure that the impact force falls on as much as possible large area surface of the body, perhaps everything will be fine. That is, you simply need to lie on the floor. As seen, interesting facts about physics can save lives.
Why doesn't a bird sitting on a wire die from electric shock?
A bird sitting on a high-voltage power line does not suffer from current, because its body is a poor conductor of current. Where the bird's paws touch the wire, a parallel connection is created, and since the wire conducts electricity much better, a very small current flows through the bird itself, which cannot cause harm. However, as soon as the bird on the wire touches another grounded object, for example, a metal part of a support, it immediately dies, because then the air resistance is too great compared to the resistance of the body, and all the current flows through the bird.
Which elementary particles named after the calls of ducks?
Murray Gell-Mann, who hypothesized that hadrons were made of even smaller particles, decided to call these particles the sound that ducks make. James Joyce’s novel “Finnegans Wake” helped him formulate this sound into a suitable word, namely the line: “ThreequarksforMusterMark! Hence the particles received the name quarks, although it is not at all clear what meaning this previously non-existent word had for Joyce.
Interesting fact about infrasound.
It is known that infrasound is sound with vibrations less than 16 hertz. So, once, for a play about the Middle Ages, a pipe almost 40 meters long was brought to the theater where the action was supposed to take place. Since it is known that the longer the pipe, the lower the sound it produces. It was calculated that the frequency of the sound of the new pipe should be 8Hz, and in theory, a person should not hear it, but it was a full house. When the trumpet was played, the sound came out at a frequency of 5 Hz, which corresponds to the alpha rhythm human brain. There was panic in the hall as this sound caused fear in everyone present.As a result, the public someone ran away.
A little more physics.
1) Nothing can burn again if it has already burned.
2) The bubble is round, since the air inside it presses equally on all its parts, the surface of the bubble is equidistant from its center.
3) Black attracts heat, white reflects it.
4) The whip makes a clicking noise because the tip is moving. faster speed sound.
5) Gasoline does not have a specific freezing point - it can freeze at any temperature from -118 C to -151 C. When gasoline freezes, it does not become completely solid, but rather resembles rubber or wax.
6) The egg will float in water to which sugar has been added.
7) Dirty snow melts faster than pure.
8) Granite conducts sound ten times faster than air.
9) Water in liquid form has a higher molecular density than in solid form. That's why ice floats.
10) If a glass of water is enlarged to the size of the Earth, then the molecules that make it up will be the size of a large orange.
11) If you remove the free space in atoms and leave only the elementary particles that make them up, then a teaspoon of such a “substance” will weigh 5,000,000,000,000 kilograms. So-called neutron stars are made of it.
12) The speed of light depends on the material in which it propagates. Scientists have managed to slow down photons to 17 meters per second by passing them through a rubidium ingot cooled to a temperature very close to absolute zero (-273 Celsius)
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The interesting molecule F3NO also has a tetrahedral structure.
These interesting molecules can either donate a carboxyl proton or add another proton to the amino group.
Xenon forms a number of interesting molecules and ions with fluorine and oxygen. Indicate which atoms in these Lewis structures have nonzero formal charges.
When attempting to use NEO measurements for more interesting molecules than those presented in the previous section, we encounter some difficulties. Probably, a large number of interacting protons will make it impossible to calculate internuclear distances. The assumption of equal correlation times for all internuclear vectors, on which such calculations are based, most likely does not hold at all for large molecules, and we should not forget about this. In order to succeed in determining the structures of complex molecules, we must partially forget about two basic principles from Sect. We will assume that the observed value of nuclear radiation reflects the relative proximity of the nuclei, but we must remember that in some cases our conclusions may be incorrect.
Progress achieved over last years in the field of modern structural chemistry, comes down mainly to determining the structures of a number of particularly interesting molecules and crystals.
At the same time, the gas chromatography method for studying adsorption is characterized by high sensitivity, which makes it possible to study the region of small fillings, the ability to work on commercial equipment in a wide temperature range and, therefore, to study adsorption interactions large number interesting molecules of different structures. However, in this case the approximation of the theory of nonlinear equilibrium chromatography is used. Comparison with static studies shows that usually the criterion for sufficient proximity to equilibrium conditions in a column during development chromatography is, firstly, the coincidence of the blurred peak boundary for different samples (from zero to the inflection point of the isotherm) and, secondly, the verticality of the opposite peak boundary .
In the [Cl2] anion, the OC1O angle is 110 5, the chlorine-oxygen bond length is 156 pm. An interesting molecule with a similar angular structure is C1C2, in which the OC1Q angle is 117 4, and the C1 - O distance is 147 pm. This molecule is unusual because although it is paramagnetic, in contrast to NO2, dimers (see p. Since the C1 - O bonds in it are noticeably shorter than the bonds in the chloride ion, the order of the bonds must be greater. The simplest way describe the formation of bonds - based on the structure of sulfur dioxide and assume that the additional electron is in the antibonding orbital.
We now want to talk about one of the most interesting molecules - the benzene molecule, the diagram of which is shown in Fig. It contains six very symmetrically arranged carbon and hydrogen atoms. Each line in the diagram represents a pair of electrons with opposite spins dancing the dance of a covalent bond. Each hydrogen atom contributes one electron to the game, and each carbon atom contributes four, forming a total system of 30 electrons participating in the game.
Thus, isooctane produces only two primary products: greg-butyl cation and isobutylene. There are a few things to note here important points, making isooctane the most interesting molecule from the point of view of studying the carbonium-ion mechanism of the transformation of alkanes.
The spectra of slow-volatile halides of various elements were discussed above, but oxides are even more difficult-to-volatile. One of the first objects of research was boron oxide, but until now the problems of the structure and spectra of this very interesting molecule are not permitted, so let us dwell in some detail on the history and technique of research.
Now, using the example of the simplest molecule - the molecular hydrogen ion U - we will first identify the most essential features of the theory of molecular structure, and then discuss more complex and chemically more interesting molecules.
Comparing the proton chemical shifts of 1 6 8 13 - b c-methano annulene (31) and the data for 1 6-methano annulene, we can come to the conclusion that in 31 there is no ring current, the existence of which can be assumed based on the number of jt - electrons. As the study of molecular models shows, between the centers 6, 7, 8 and 13, 14, 1 there is a strong twisting of carbon-carbon bonds, which makes it so difficult to effectively overlap the 2pr orbitals of carbon that here for the first time a compound has a number of n electrons exactly corresponding according to Hückel's aromaticity rule, exhibits olefinic properties. We will return to this interesting molecule later.
However, any proposed structure must be tested by comparing the spectrum predicted from it with the experimental one. In this case, two circumstances should be noted. In order for such a complex molecule as [Fe3 (CO) 12 ] to have a relatively simple spectrum, its symmetry must be quite high. The weakness of the bands thus seems to be an argument against the presence of ketone bridges in the molecule. However, then the question of what the weak bands can be attributed to becomes unclear. Obviously necessary further research this interesting molecule.
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Some interesting facts: ... diluting 1 ml of ink in 1 liter of water, and then 1 ml of this solution in another liter of water, we get a million-fold dilution. Despite this, the resulting solution will have a quite noticeable color. It follows that the volume of ink particles is much less than a millionth of a milliliter! ... a description of one has been preserved historical experience, in which water was poured into a lead ball and sealed tightly. They hit the ball with a hammer, hoping that it would flatten and compress the water. And what? The ball was flattened, but the water did not shrink; it seeped through the walls of the ball. Water molecules were forced through the gaps between the lead particles. ... The molecule is as many times smaller than an apple as the apple is smaller than the Earth. ...If you imagine that vegetable oil creates a film on the surface of water one molecule thick, then such a film will be 40,000 times thinner than a human hair.
Slide 29 from the MKT presentation for physics lessons on the topic “MKT”Dimensions: 960 x 720 pixels, format: jpg. To download a slide for free to use on physics lesson, right-click on the image and click “Save Image As...”. You can download the entire presentation “MKT.ppt” in a zip archive of 3625 KB in size.
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“Physics lesson Basic MKT equation” - Task No. 2. Microscopic – parameters that are measured indirectly. Lesson No. 3 Basic MKT equation. What is the nitrogen pressure? Task No. 1. The oxygen pressure is 32 kPa. There are two identical vessels. Macroscopic – parameters that can be measured using instruments. The pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy translational motion of molecules contained in a unit volume of gas.
“Molecular-kinetic theory” - Ion projector. Evidence of the first position of the ICT. The first position of the MKT. Molecular physics. Particles of matter move continuously and chaotically. Brownian motion– random movement of particles. Definition of molecular kinetic theory. Particles of matter interact with each other. Evidence for the second position of the ICT.
“MKT physics” - Normal state. Crossword. Temperature and internal energy of the body. Millimeter of mercury. Ideal gas model. Temperature. Material points. Fundamentals of molecular kinetic theory. Physics section. Kelvin. Molecular physics. Thermodynamic temperature scale. Ideal gas. Pressure.
“Fundamentals of MKT” - Atomic mass unit (amu): 1/12?12С (1/16?16О), 1.66?10-27 kg Relative atomic mass– ratio of atom mass to a.u.m.: ma.o.=mat./a.u.m. approximately equal to the number of nucleons in the nucleus. The transition of a system from a nonequilibrium state to an equilibrium one occurs during a relaxation time, which may depend on the degree of deviation from the equilibrium state and the properties of the system itself.
“Gas pressure” - Figure 1.7. Joseph Gay-Lussac. The value of T is called absolute temperature and is measured in degrees Kelvin (K). Figure 1.9. Pressure units. Mendeleev Dmitry Ivanovich (1834 - 1907) - Russian scientist. The car has a weight of F2. 7. Dalton's law. A process in which the heat capacity of a gas remains constant.
1. But we will start from a completely different direction. Before embarking on a journey into the depths of matter, let us turn our gaze upward.
For example, it is known that the distance to the Moon is on average almost 400 thousand kilometers, to the Sun - 150 million, to Pluto (which is no longer visible without a telescope) - 6 billion, to the nearest star Proxima Centauri - 40 trillion, to the nearest large galaxy of the Andromeda nebula - 25 quintillion, and finally to the outskirts of the observable Universe - 130 sextillion.
Impressive, of course, but the difference between all these “quadri-”, “quinti-” and “sexti-” does not seem so huge, although they differ from each other a thousand times. The microworld is a completely different matter. How can there be so many interesting things hidden in it, because there is simply no place for it to fit there? So he tells us common sense And wrong.
2. If you put the smallest known distance in the Universe at one end of the logarithmic scale, and the largest at the other, then in the middle there will be... a grain of sand. Its diameter is 0.1 mm.
3. If you put 400 billion grains of sand in a row, their row will circle the entire globe along the equator. And if you collect the same 400 billion in a bag, it will weigh about a ton.
4. The thickness of a human hair is 50–70 microns, that is, there are 15–20 of them per millimeter. In order to lay out the distance to the Moon with them, you will need 8 trillion hairs (if you add them not along the length, but along the width, of course). Since there are about 100 thousand of them on the head of one person, if you collect hair from the entire population of Russia, there will be more than enough to reach the moon and there will even be some left over.
5. The size of bacteria is from 0.5 to 5 microns. If you increase the average bacterium to such a size that it fits comfortably in our palm (100 thousand times), the thickness of a hair will become equal to 5 meters.
6. By the way, a whole quadrillion bacteria live inside the human body, and their total weight is 2 kilograms. In fact, there are even more of them than the cells of the body itself. So it is quite possible to say that a person is simply an organism consisting of bacteria and viruses with small inclusions of something else.
7. The sizes of viruses vary even more than bacteria - almost 100 thousand times. If this were the case for humans, they would be between 1 centimeter and 1 kilometer tall, and their social interactions would be a curious spectacle.
8. The average length of the most common types of viruses is 100 nanometers or 10^(-7) degrees of a meter. If we again perform the approximation operation in such a way that the virus becomes the size of a palm, then the length of the bacterium will be 1 meter and the thickness of a hair will be 50 meters.
9. The wavelength of visible light is 400–750 nanometers, and it is simply impossible to see objects smaller than this value. Having tried to illuminate such an object, the wave will simply go around it and not be reflected.
10. Sometimes people ask what an atom looks like or what color it is. In fact, the atom doesn't look like anything. Just not at all. And not because our microscopes are not good enough, but because the dimensions of an atom are less than the distance for which the very concept of “visibility” exists...
11. 400 trillion viruses can be packed tightly around the circumference of the globe. A lot of. Light travels this distance in kilometers in 40 years. But if you put them all together, they can easily fit on your fingertip.
12. The approximate size of a water molecule is 3 by 10^(-10) meters. There are 10 septillion such molecules in a glass of water - approximately the same number of millimeters from us to the Andromeda Galaxy. And in a cubic centimeter of air there are 30 quintillion molecules (mainly nitrogen and oxygen).
13. The diameter of a carbon atom (the basis of all life on Earth) is 3.5 by 10^(-10) meters, that is, even slightly larger than a water molecule. The hydrogen atom is 10 times smaller - 3 by 10^(-11) meters. This, of course, is not enough. But how little? The amazing fact is that the smallest, barely visible grain of salt consists of 1 quintillion atoms.
Let's turn to our standard scale and zoom in on the hydrogen atom so that it fits comfortably in our hand. Viruses will then be 300 meters in size, bacteria will be 3 kilometers in size, and the thickness of a hair will be 150 kilometers, and even in a lying state it will go beyond the boundaries of the atmosphere (and in length it can reach the Moon).
14. The so-called “classical” electron diameter is 5.5 femtometers or 5.5 per 10^(-15) meters. The sizes of a proton and a neutron are even smaller and are about 1.5 femtometers. There are approximately the same number of protons per meter as there are ants on planet Earth. We use the magnification we are already familiar with. The proton lies comfortably in the palm of our hand, and then the size of an average virus will be equal to 7,000 kilometers (almost the size of all of Russia from west to east, by the way), and the thickness of a hair will be 2 times the size of the Sun.
15. It is difficult to say anything definite about the sizes. They are estimated to be somewhere between 10^(-19) - 10^(-18) meters. The smallest - a true quark - has a “diameter” (let’s write this word in quotation marks to remind you of the above) 10^(-22) meters.
16. There is also such a thing as neutrinos. Look at your palm. A trillion neutrinos emitted by the Sun fly through it every second. And you don’t have to hide your hand behind your back. Neutrinos can easily pass through your body, through a wall, through our entire planet, and even through a layer of lead 1 light year thick. The “diameter” of a neutrino is 10^(-24) meters - this particle is 100 times smaller than a true quark, or a billion times smaller than a proton, or 10 septillion times smaller than a tyrannosaurus. The Tyrannosaurus itself is almost as many times smaller than the entire observable Universe. If you magnify a neutrino so that it is the size of an orange, then even a proton will be 10 times larger than the Earth.
17. For now, I sincerely hope that one of the following two things should strike you. The first is that we can go even further (and even make some intelligent guesses about what will be there). The second - but at the same time it is still impossible to move deeper into matter endlessly, and soon we will run into a dead end. But to achieve these very “dead-end” sizes, we will have to go down another 11 orders of magnitude, if we count from neutrinos. That is, these sizes are 100 billion times smaller than neutrinos. By the way, a grain of sand is the same number of times smaller than our entire planet.
18. So, at dimensions of 10^(-35) meters we are faced with such a wonderful concept as the Planck length - the minimum possible distance in the real world (as far as is generally accepted in modern science).
19. Quantum strings also live here - objects that are very remarkable from any point of view (for example, they are one-dimensional - they have no thickness), but for our topic it is important that their length is also within 10^(-35) meters. Let's do our standard "magnification" experiment one last time. The quantum string becomes a convenient size, and we hold it in our hand like a pencil. In this case, the neutrino will be 7 times bigger than the sun, and a hydrogen atom will be 300 times the size of the Milky Way.
20. Finally we come to the very structure of the universe - the scale on which space becomes like time, time like space, and various other bizarre things happen. There is nothing further (probably)...
Alexander Taranov06.08.2015
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Most people are sure that physics is boring and has little to do with life. Even knowing that many phenomena in it have a scientific explanation, they consider understanding the nature of each of them accessible only to specialists.
In fact, physics is not only equations, formulas and diagrams. And the people studying it are by no means creatures covered in book dust. and scientists involved in this science are proof of this.
Is physics ever interesting?
Everything that exists on Earth and beyond is subject to physical laws. People don't think about it, but they use it Everyday life. For example, everyone knows that you should not swim in a river during a thunderstorm, because you need to be afraid of being struck by lightning. But it is also dangerous in an open, dry space. What's scary about water? And the fact that it conducts electricity perfectly, but only thanks to the impurities it contains, ions of mineral salts. Water molecules themselves do not perceive current, but ignorant people have no idea about this. Although it is unlikely that knowledge of such interesting facts about physics would encourage them to fill swimming pools with distilled liquid and swim in a thunderstorm.
Anyone has ridden in an elevator at least once in their life. And many people thought about what to do if he started falling from a height. Most would conclude that there was no chance of survival under such circumstances. Or that at the moment of impact you need to jump. In fact, it is impossible to calculate this time. But if you make sure that the impact force falls on as large a surface area of the body as possible, perhaps everything will work out. That is, you simply need to lie on the floor. As seen, interesting facts about physics can save lives. 
Sometimes the laws of science look like miracles. For example, when opening a bottle sealed with a cork against a wall. If you cover the latter with folded paper and hit it with the bottom of the vessel at a strictly 90-degree angle, the plug will come out so much that it can be removed without a corkscrew. This is possible due to a sharp change in the speed of liquid flow in the bottle due to a collision with a wall. The impact falls right on the traffic jam.
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And so that craftsmen open bottles and empty them in large quantities They knew the limit in this, Pythagoras at one time invented a special mug. It can only be filled with liquid to a certain level. Anything higher flows out. This is possible thanks to the curved tube inside the mug, one edge of which is open from the bottom, and the other has an outlet inside. This is nothing more than the law of communicating vessels, discovered by Pascal.
“Physicist” sounds proud
People who study this science have not only high intelligence and interest in the unusual, but also dedication, a sense of humor and a thirst for beauty. Evidence of this is:
- Who could have guessed that portraits Nobel laureates, painted by a great artist, can cost a bag of millet? But this happened in 1921. Future famous scientists Pyotr Kapitsa and Nikolai Semenov posed, and Boris Kustodiev wrote. The future luminaries of science earned the fee given to the artist by repairing the mill. Young scientists came to Kustodiev because they considered him, who painted portraits of celebrities, worthy of capturing them;
- There is a physicist who has awards for the most remarkable and most ridiculous discoveries in science. This is the Dutchman Andre Geim, who in 2000 received the Ig Nobel Prize for studying the levitation of frogs and in 2010 the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the properties of graphene;
- Among interesting facts about physicists not only funny and curious, but also testifying to the dedication of scientists and dedication to their work. For experiments on studying the electric arc, Vasily Petrov got rid of the top layer of skin on his fingers in order to feel the weak currents necessary for this. And Newton, interested in the capabilities of the retina, inserted a probe into his own eye. So he checked the value of the light pressure on it.
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