Verb to have one of the most used verbs in English language, in has separate forms for the 1st and 3rd person singular – have And has, in plural has one form for all persons - have. Verb to have, in English, can be used as . It can also be used in expressions to denote action. More about .

The verb to have as an auxiliary verb

1. Verb to have used to form all tense groups in combination with Participle II. Verb to have carries the meaning of a completed action.

Examples: I have read a lot of books. – I read a lot of books.
I had been a teacher for several years. – I was a teacher for several years.

The verb to have as a semantic verb

2. Verb to have corresponds to the Russian verb have, possess, i.e. the verb is translated, which means it has meaning. In order to express interrogative and negative form, used .

Examples: I have many beautiful dresses. – I (she has) a lot of beautiful dresses.
He has an expensive car. - He (he has) an expensive car.
I don't have many beautiful dresses. – I don’t have many beautiful dresses.
Do you have an expensive car? – Do you have an expensive car?

The verb to have as a modal verb

3. Verb to have used in combination with an infinitive with a particle to to express the need to perform an action due to certain circumstances. The negative and interrogative forms are formed using the verb to do. In Russian in the present tense verb have to translated as must, must, must, have to.

Examples: My sister is little and I have to help her with her home task. – My sister is little and I have to help her with her homework.
Why do you have to help your sister with her home task? -Why do you have to help your sister with her homework?

4. B colloquial speech instead of have to sometimes the construction have got to is used. Also in oral speech the abbreviated form of the verb is used have ='ve

Examples: I 've got to phone her back. = I 've to phone her back. - I have to call her back.

Verb " to have" (possess) in English is used in quite different situations and can be translated into Russian in different ways. In this article you will learn the main situations when this verb is used. You will also learn about the verb " have got ", which also means "to own".

Verb to have

• To have is a main verb used to indicate possession (ownership) of something (not only material), properties of something (or its characteristics), kinship or connection, for example, the quality of one thing in relation to another:

I have a cat. → U Eat me cat.
I have a lot of free time these days. → Now at Eat me) a lot of free time.

Dmitry has a sister in France. → At Dmitry's There is sister in France.

He has three books by Hemingway. → He It has/U he has it three books by Hemingway.
She has fair hair → She has blonde hair.

• Verb " to have" is also used to indicate large number actions, here are some of them (the main thing is to understand the meaning, not to be scared and think “how to translate this”):

have a bath, wash, shower, etc → take a bath (lie in it), do laundry, take a shower (under running water), etc.
have → have breakfast, lunch, dinner.

have fun → have a good time, “have fun.”
have time available → to have time for something.

have questions → have a question.
have a party → hold a party.

have a walk, hike, ride, etc. → take a walk, go on a hike, ride a horse, etc.
have a discussion, fight, argument etc. → discuss, fight, assert...

Examples:

I usually have breakfast at seven o'clock. → Usually, I I'm having breakfast at seven o'clock.

Anna is having a bath at the moment (time). → Anna now taking a bath.

• Used as . It can be easily identified by its design" have to". Here it expresses a requirement to perform some routine action (but not always). It is often used by native speakers as an action that carries responsibility, duty .

This form" have"also has a similar meaning to the modal verb" must" - when talking about responsibilities, native speakers prefer to use it (for example: I must talk to Peter. It’s important)."

Verb " must" used when they want to talk about very serious for the speaker(or if they are considered to be such) duties (for example: I must feed my family).

A few examples:

They have to work hard on Saturdays (routine for them). → On Saturdays they must Hard to work.
I have to return books to the school library. → I must return books to the school library.

I must be rich (very important for the speaker). → I must to be rich.
I must to defend my homeland. → I must defend your homeland.

Verb have got

• The verb "have got" is more characteristic of British English. It also serves to indicate possession (ownership) of something (not only material), properties of something (or its characteristics), kinship or connection. For example:

He has got some friends in London. → He has a few friends in London

Anna has got three sisters → Anna has three sisters.

I have got a new car. → I have new car.

Americans also sometimes use " have got"but more often" gotten" or simply " (to) have"(consider it an analogue/synonym - it's easier this way).

I had a copy of that book. (). → I had a copy of that book.

I have got a copy of that book. (). → I have a copy of that book.

• The penultimate significant difference is the reduction. Verb " have" has no abbreviations, for example, you cannot say “I’ve a red bicycle” only “I have a red bicycle". And here is " have got" on the contrary, has contractions (in affirmation and negation):

I' we got a red bicycle (I have got a red bicycle). → I have Red bicycle.

She hasn't got a dog (she has not got a dog). → She has no dog.

• And the last main difference, where confusion often arises, is the negative and interrogative constructions of these two verbs.

You can understand these differences in the picture below. I'll just say that " have got"doesn't need help (in in this case“do”, since let me remind you that “have got” is used in the Present Simple)

The verb to have can rightfully be considered one of the most important verbs in the English language. If you want to speak English, then you definitely need to know how this verb is translated, how to use it correctly and what forms it has.

3 forms of the verb HAVE. We choose between have, has and had.

The verb have has 2 forms of the present tense - have And has and one past tense form - had.

Have is an irregular verb, so its grammatical forms need to be memorized. The three forms of the verb have look like this...

As can be seen from the table, to have is one of those irregular verbs, whose 2nd and 3rd forms coincide. Another feature of the verb have is that it changes according to persons - in third person singular the verb have takes the form has. This rule can be illustrated by the table:

I have a ticket to the theater.
I have a theater ticket.

She has a ticket to the theater.
She has a theater ticket.

This person has a ticket to the theater.
This man has a theater ticket.

ALL forms of the verb HAVE in the present, past and future tenses

Translation of the verb to have

The verb to have itself is translated as “to have”, “to possess”, but there is one nuance when translating this verb. Offers like:

I have a car.

It can be translated literally as “I have a car.” The meaning will be clear, but in Russian it would be more correct and beautiful to say “I have a car.” Remember that instead of “I have...”, “He has...”, “They have...”, etc. The English will literally say “I have...”, “He has...”, “They have...”, etc.

Also, there is a difference between the verb "have" and the verb "have to". Have to is a modal verb that translates as “must”, “forced”.

And there are also situations when the verb to have is not translated at all, but is used as an auxiliary verb to form the Perfect/Perfect Continuous forms.

Short form of the verb have

You've probably sometimes come across the word haven't. This is nothing more than a shortened version of the phrase have not. This phrase occurs in negative sentences in which have is used as an auxiliary verb. There is a similar shortened form for has not:

Examples of such sentences:

I haven't seen him for 2 years.
I haven't seen him for 2 years.

He hasn't seen me for 2 years.
He hasn't seen me for 2 years.

Today we will talk about different forms and functions of one strong English verb have (having). The rule for the formation and use of this verb is quite extensive, but at the same time simple. Once you carefully study the information, you will no longer have problems using it. The whole essence of the verb lies in its versatility. We will try to review each of the functions as easily as possible.

general characteristics

While studying English, we come across different variants of the verb that interests us: had, has, have, having. The rules for using each of these forms are quite precise, so it is difficult to confuse them if you carefully study all the information. To begin with, we note that this verb can perform the following functions:

• A semantic verb, which in translation means “to have”. He has a big house. He has a big house. It should be added that the translation into Russian may differ, since the option sounds more literary: He has a big house.
• An auxiliary verb that serves to form different tense forms. In this case it is not translated. She has done it already. She's already done it. They are having dinner now. We are having lunch now.
• Modal verb expressing obligation. He has to visit a doctor. He is forced to go to the doctor.

Depending on what function the verb performs, the form of the verb and how it behaves when forming interrogative and negative sentences are determined.

British and American versions

One of the most simple options The use of a given verb is its use as a semantic one. In this case we will be dealing with forms have And has, have got And has got. The rule for their application is quite simple:

• In British English it is used simple form“have” to express possession of some object one time. He has a nice toy. He has a beautiful toy. This means that he now has a toy in his hands.
• When expressing possession of something on a permanent basis, the form with got. He has got a nice toy. In this case, the translation will sound unchanged: “ He has a beautiful toy”, but it is implied that this thing belongs to him permanently.

As we can see, the type of form does not critically affect the translation of sentences, so you can safely use any of them. The main thing is not to confuse how to form other types of sentences using these forms. When forming interrogative sentences, verbs behave as follows:

• In the British version, this verb is perceived as strong, so it does not need any help when asking a question. Has he (got) a dog? He has a dog?
• In the American version, the verb is used in pairs with auxiliary verbs do/does. Do you have a dog? You have a dog?

Which option you choose depends on your preference and where you live. It is recommended to communicate in the dialect of the language spoken in the area.

Features of forms in the present tense

It doesn't matter which form you choose: has or has got/have got, the rule for forming forms for different persons and numbers must be observed in any case. So, in the present tense this verb has the forms:

The same forms are used to form negative sentences.

• He has not (hasn’t) any enemies.
• He does not (doesn’t) have any enemies.

Past tense

Separately, it is necessary to note the past tense forms for the verb have (having). The rule of application is the same as in the present tense, that is, it is possible to use English or American style. In this tense the verb has only one form - had, so you don’t need to choose, but when forming questions and negatives, you still have to think a little. For example, a sentence: He had a big pie. He had a big pie.

• British version: Had he a big pie? Did he have a big pie?
• American version: Did he have a big pie? Did he have a big pie?

So, you just need to choose what style you are going to communicate in and stick with that style throughout the conversation.

Have/having: rule of education

Very important function What this verb accomplishes is the formation of different tense forms. This refers to the formation of such verb variants as have done/has done or have been, has been. The rule for the formation of tense formulas in which our verb is involved is:

Present and past tense verb have perceived as a strong auxiliary, used to pose questions and negations to a sentence.

• Has he left the city?
• They hadn't done it yet.
• Have you been reading?

In the future tense, this function is taken over by the verb will.

• Will you have finished the work by the end of the week?
• We will not have been sitting.

Modal verb have to

The rule for using this verb as a modal says that it is applicable as an expression of obligation, and the subject himself does not realize the need to perform an action, but this is caused by some circumstances. It is this shade of compulsion that made this form more commonly used in Lately. Translated into Russian, such a verb means “necessary, forced, must, had to,” etc.

• He has to do it at once. He is forced to do it right away.

Distinctive feature modal form is that when forming a sentence, a particle is always paired with a verb to, which is placed before the infinitive of the main semantic verb expressing the action itself.

• She has to leave now. She must leave now.

Also, when constructing an interrogative or negative sentence, the help of verbs is always used do/does.

• Do they have to buy it? Should they buy it?
• You don't have to read this book. You don't have to read this book.

Note that the forms of the modal verb are absolutely identical to the forms of the simple semantic “to have”.

In the past and future tenses, the same forms are used for all persons and numbers had to And will have to.

Phraseologisms

In the end, I would like to remind you that in combination with some words, our verb can lose its direct meaning and translated completely differently. Most often in such cases, when asking questions and negatives, an auxiliary verb is used do/does/did.

• She has lunch at 1. She has lunch at 1.
• We had a talk after dinner. After dinner we talked.
• Did you have a bath? Have you already shopped?
• I didn't have a smoke yet. I haven't smoked yet.

As can be seen from the information presented, the use and interpretation of the verb will not cause difficulties if you carefully study all the rules. And, of course, we must not forget about practical training.

The verb to have in English, along with the verbs to be and to do, plays one of the key roles in the construction of phrases and sentences in relation to all tenses used. Depending on the context in which the semantic phrase is used, its meaning can be completely different.

Verb to have: basic meaning

As for the main use of this verb, so to speak, in pure form, most often it is translated or defined as “to have” or “to possess.”

In the simplest case, when a phrase is constructed in the singular or plural of the first and third persons, it is used in the basic form. For example, I (we, they, you) have a dog - “I (we, they, you) have a dog.” However, for the third person singular and for constructing sentences indicating a past (accomplished) event, other forms are used.

Conjugation

In order to fully understand the specifics of the application, verb has(had) as a derivative of the main one indeterminate form to have should be considered precisely in the context of conjugation using persons and tenses. The meaning put into any phrase will depend on this.

The forms of the verb have (or more correctly, to have) look like this.

Please note that in relation to the pronoun you, the verb is used in the same form, but sometimes in English the pronoun itself can have the context of both references to “you” and references to “you”. In the American language, everything is simpler in this regard. The fact is that it always uses the “you” address, even in the sense of using the verb to be (in this case, its forms are).

For example, the phrase Are you sure? Can be translated both as “Are you sure?” and as “Are you sure?” The same is true with the verb to have.

Verb has (had): difference in usage

Based on the above system of conjugation of the main verb, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion about the use of some of its forms. As is already clear, the English verbs “has” refer to the third person present tense (he, she, it), and the form “had” is a derivative for constructing sentences of the past tense for any person and number (this will be discussed separately).

Using a verb in the present tense

As already mentioned, the basic form of to have and its derivative ( English verb has in particular) in the present tense denote the possession of something (as was shown in the example above).

The form changes from have to has only when the person and number change. That is, has is used exclusively in cases where the main pronoun is he, she or it ( singular third party). For example, She has a dog - “She has a dog.” This one is simple. However, the correct form of the verb has is the main verb to have (indefinite form).

Using a verb in the past tense

With the past tense things are not so simple. The point here is that only by using a special had forms phrases may not be limited, and therefore a sentence may have different meanings in terms of the period of time when a certain action occurred.

To make it clearer, let's look at two examples. For the first case, let's take the phrase I had a pen. It can be translated as “I had a pen” (once upon a time). But if you use two forms of the main verb in the sentence I have had a pen, the meaning changes radically. This expression can also be interpreted as “I had a pen,” but the action has just ended. Roughly speaking, the pen was there a few moments ago, but now it’s gone.

In addition, the verb to have can be used with other verbs, but together they indicate different time periods of actions and their completeness. Thus, the phrase I have visited an exhibition can be translated as “I visited (visited) the exhibition” (just now). But when the sentence I have been visiting an exhibition is used (or with the abbreviation I've been - forms of the verb have can also have this form like shortened versions of to be in affirmative, interrogative or negative sentences), the interpretation implies that visiting the exhibition as lasting action took place at the very moment in question.

If the sentence also contains a past tense verb, the meaning changes accordingly (I’ve been visited... - “I was visited (by someone)”, “I was visited/visited”).

But participles may also be present, for example, I’ve been crying - “I cried / cried” at the very moment in question (literally - “I was / was crying / crying”).

By the way, Americans often add the verb to get when constructing past tense phrases. In this case, the phrase I’ve got.. is almost equivalent to a regular past tense sentence, although it can be literally translated as “I received/received”, “I became/became the owner”, etc.

Constructing sentences in the future tense

The conjugation of the verb has, hopefully, is already clear, although by and large this is an absolutely incorrect formulation of the question, since it is not the verb has that is conjugated, but its basic form to have. But let's move on to constructing sentences in the future tense. There is a lot of interesting things here too. As a rule, to describe actions in the near future, that is, if something needs to be done right now, the verb to have can also be used, but in this case it means some kind of obligation. True, in the Russian language there is no pure analogue to such phrases. Let's explain with an example.

The phrase I have to go into Russian can be literally translated as “I have to go.” Brad, isn't it? To adjust in terms of the described obligation, the translation “I must leave” is used, which more clearly describes English phrase I must go. But a complete analogy in translation can be found in the same Ukrainian language, which in this regard is somewhat closer to European ones. Literally, the above phrase can be translated as “I may go,” which means “I must (must) leave.” In this case, the meaning includes an action that needs to be performed now or in some period of time after voicing the intention.

Inconsistencies between English and American: Interrogative Sentences

Let's leave the verb has (had) aside for now and look at some of the nuances that can be found in pure English and unified American languages. From the point of view of constructing interrogative sentences, in English they must begin with a main verb denoting a specific action. In other words, you could ask your interlocutor whether he has a dog using the phrase Have you a dog?. From an English point of view this is correct. But Americans often add the action verb to do to the seemingly main verb to have, which plays the main role. Thus, the question about a dog in the American version looks like this: Do you have a dog?

In addition, very often you can find phrases like “You have a dog?”, and in interrogative form. If translated, this phrase could mean surprise, “Oh, you have a dog?” The emphasis is either on the word “is” or on the word “dog”. In other words, the question implies ordinary surprise at a certain fact. By the way, classic rules Americans simply ignore the construction of sentences of any time or any level of complexity, in contrast to the inhabitants of old England with its established traditions.

Conclusion

As can be seen from the above, the verb has (had) is just one of the forms of the main verb to have. And its use, depending on the type of situation, can be completely different. But, I think, the main aspects are already clear to most readers using the simplest examples. By and large, the American language is easier for residents of non-English-speaking countries, and English, not to mention the Scottish or Irish dialect, can be learned without living in the UK with everyday communication It's simply impossible.